Mountain road high slope multi-stage combined retaining structure and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a mountain road high slope multi-stage combined retaining structure and a method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of rock soil and high slope retaining. A sand layer is laid on a buffer frame, and a sponge layer is used for sealing, so that collapsed rocks can fall into the buffer frame, and displacement and friction are generated between the sponge layer and sand layer particles for buffering; meanwhile, collapsed rocks are embedded into a sand layer, positioning is convenient, and the problem that direct hard contact causes the collapsed rocks to impact and fly onto a road to affect passing and safety is solved; when the lower supporting structure is damaged, the transmission toothed bar is meshed with the transmission toothed valve to open the hydraulic buffering assembly, at the moment, the damping and buffering effect can be achieved again through hydraulic pressure, multi-stage buffering can be achieved, the impact force of rolling and collapsing stones is greatly weakened, and therefore the lower supporting structure can be prevented from being damaged, and safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock soil and high slope retaining, in particular to a multi-level combined retaining structure and a method for a high slope of a mountain highway. Background Art

[0002] Mountainous areas have complex terrain and the geological conditions of high slopes are often variable, including stratum lithology, geological structure, slope structure, etc. These complex geological conditions may lead to insufficient slope stability and prone to natural disasters such as landslides and collapses. Retaining structures can effectively enhance the stability of slopes and prevent the occurrence of these disasters.

[0003] At present, the retaining technology used for high slopes on mountain roads relies heavily on the combination of anchor reinforcement and retaining plates. Although this traditional solution has its effectiveness, it still faces many limitations. Specifically, the existing retaining plate support structure design often lacks flexibility and cannot flexibly adjust its inclination angle according to the actual slope, thus limiting its ability to adapt to complex terrain. In addition, these retaining structures do not perform well in terms of anti-slip performance and cannot fully resist the potential sliding risk of slope soil or rock.

[0004] More importantly, when faced with rockfalls on high slopes, the existing retaining system lacks an efficient multi-level buffer mechanism. Once the rocks start to fall, they often quickly hit the retaining plates due to the lack of space for gradual deceleration, which not only accelerates the wear of the retaining structure but also may cause safety hazards. Similarly, when extreme natural disasters such as debris flows and rockfalls occur, the current retaining structure also lacks an effective buffer design, making it difficult to effectively disperse and slow down the huge impact force brought by debris flows and rockfalls, which in turn affects the overall safety protection effectiveness.

[0005] In summary, it is of great significance to study a new multi-level combined retaining structure and its method for high slopes of mountainous roads. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the current rock and soil and high slope support technology for mountain roads, which, although having a certain foundation, still need to be improved in terms of adaptability, anti-slip performance, and buffering capacity for specific disasters such as debris flow, collapse and falling rocks, and to propose a multi-level combined support structure and method for high slopes on mountain roads.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A multi-stage combined retaining structure for a high side slope of a mountain highway, comprising a side slope cofferdam structure and a side slope rockfall retaining mechanism, wherein the side slope cofferdam structure and the side slope rockfall retaining mechanism are arranged on the high side slope, and the side slope rockfall retaining mechanism is provided with a multi-stage buffer mechanism arranged along the inclined surface of the high side slope;

[0009] The rockfall support mechanism for the slope includes an anti-rockfall component, one side of the anti-rockfall component is provided with a support adjustment component and a plurality of support reinforcement components, the plurality of support reinforcement components are located between the support adjustment components, and a plurality of triangular structures are formed between the anti-rockfall component, the support adjustment component and the support reinforcement component and the high slope;

[0010] The multi-stage buffer mechanism includes a hydraulic buffer assembly, a middle buffer assembly and a shock absorbing guide assembly are arranged above the hydraulic buffer assembly, the tops of the middle buffer assembly and the shock absorbing guide assembly are connected with a preliminary buffer assembly, the four corners of the middle buffer assembly are fixedly connected with a transmission gear rod, and the transmission gear rod is meshed and connected with a transmission gear valve, and a plurality of transmission gear valves are arranged on the hydraulic buffer assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the slope cofferdam structure comprises a slope weir retaining structure, the slope weir retaining structure is arranged in a stepped manner, and the slope weir retaining structure is installed on the high slope through cofferdam fixing anchor rods.

[0012] Preferably, the rockfall prevention assembly comprises a lower retaining structure, a broadcaster is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the lower retaining structure, a retaining fixed beam is mounted on the lower part of the lower retaining structure, and the retaining fixed beam is buried at the bottom of the high slope.

[0013] Preferably, the support reinforcement assembly includes a connecting node, which is installed on one side of the lower support structure. Two support reinforcement anchor ropes are arranged on the connecting node, and a support positioning anchor rod is installed at one end of the support reinforcement anchor rope. The support positioning anchor rod is buried on the slope of the high slope.

[0014] Preferably, the support adjustment assembly includes a support adjustment plate, which is hinged to multiple adjustment blocks via a pin shaft, and the multiple adjustment blocks are fixedly connected to one side of the lower support structure. The support adjustment plate is also hinged to multiple mounting blocks via a pin shaft below, and a support mounting anchor rod is installed below the mounting block, and the support mounting anchor rod is buried in the high slope.

[0015] Preferably, the middle buffer assembly includes a buffer column, the bottom end of the buffer column is fixedly connected to a buffer table, the four corners of the buffer table are fixedly connected to four transmission gear rods, and a spring shock absorber is fixedly connected below the buffer table.

[0016] Preferably, the preliminary buffer assembly comprises a buffer frame, the bottom of the buffer frame is fixedly connected to the buffer column, the buffer frame has a slope consistent with that of the high slope, and a sponge layer and a sand layer are arranged in the buffer frame from top to bottom.

[0017] Preferably, the hydraulic buffer assembly includes a mounting plate, four buffer hysteresis cylinders are installed on the mounting plate, a buffer piston rod is arranged inside the buffer hysteresis cylinder, a first spring is fixedly connected between the buffer piston rod and the top wall of the buffer hysteresis cylinder, the buffer piston rod passes through the buffer hysteresis cylinder and is fixedly connected to the buffer connection part, and the buffer connection part is fixedly connected to the support adjustment plate;

[0018] The upper and lower sides of the buffer hydraulic cylinder are communicated with the two ends of the conveying pipeline, and the transmission gear valve is arranged on the conveying pipeline.

[0019] Preferably, the shock-absorbing guide assembly includes two connecting frames, which are respectively fixedly connected to the buffer frame and four buffer hydraulic cylinders, and four guide rail structures are fixedly connected to the connecting frames, and a slide rail structure is slid on the guide rail structure. The two slide rail structures are hinged to the scissor-type telescopic frames, and the scissor-type telescopic frames are also hinged to two hinge blocks, and the hinge blocks are fixedly connected to the guide rail structures.

[0020] The method for using the multi-level combined retaining structure of a high slope of a mountain highway includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. When rockfall occurs on a high slope of a highway, the collapsed rocks fall down along the high slope. Since the slope retaining structure is arranged in steps, the collapsed rocks are buffered by the steps of the slope retaining structure, while the relatively small collapsed rocks fall directly to the bottom of the high slope and are enclosed by the lower retaining structure. The large collapsed rocks fall directly into the buffer frame and are buffered by the sponge layer and the sand layer, while the collapsed rocks are embedded in the sand layer.

[0022] S2. The impact force of the collapsed rocks acts on the buffer frame, causing the buffer frame to transfer the external force to the buffer column and the buffer platform, and perform buffering and shock absorption through the spring shock absorber;

[0023] S3. When the external force continues to move downward, the buffer platform is lowered and drives the transmission gear rod to move. When the transmission gear rod moves downward and transmits the transmission gear valve, the transmission gear valve opens the delivery pipeline. At this time, as the impact force increases, displacement occurs between the buffer hydraulic cylinder and the buffer piston rod, so that the liquid keeps flowing in the buffer hydraulic cylinder through the delivery pipeline, and cooperates with the first spring to perform shock absorption and buffering again.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-level combined retaining structure and method for high slopes of mountain roads, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The multi-level combined retaining structure and method of the high slope of the mountain highway are provided by laying a sand layer on the buffer frame and sealing it with a sponge layer, so that the collapsed rocks can enter the buffer frame, so that displacement and friction are generated between the sponge layer and the sand layer particles for buffering. At the same time, the collapsed rocks are embedded in the sand layer for easy positioning, avoiding the problem that the collapsed rocks fly onto the road due to direct hard contact and affect the traffic and safety. Secondly, the impact force of the collapsed rocks can be pre-shock-absorbed and buffered by the middle buffer component. When the impact force continues to move downward, the transmission gear rod and the transmission gear valve are engaged to open the hydraulic buffer component. At this time, the shock-absorption and buffering effect can be realized again by hydraulic pressure. This method can achieve multi-level buffering, greatly weakening the impact force of the rolling collapsed rocks, thereby avoiding damage to the lower retaining structure and improving safety.

[0026] 2. The multi-stage combined retaining structure and method for high slopes of mountain roads, through the adjustability of the retaining adjustment plate, makes the installation angle of the lower retaining structure adjustable, so as to meet the construction needs of the lower retaining structure under various high slopes. After the lower retaining structure, the retaining positioning anchor rod and the retaining installation anchor rod are installed, multiple triangular structures are formed between the anti-rockfall assembly, the retaining adjustment assembly and the retaining reinforcement assembly and the high slope. The triangular structure has stability, thereby ensuring the stability and firmness of the lower retaining structure. Secondly, since the slope retaining structure is in the form of a step, the collapsed rocks roll or slide obliquely on the steps, which can convert part of the kinetic energy of the collapsed rocks into kinetic energy in the horizontal direction and heat energy done by friction, thereby reducing the impact force in the vertical direction and initially playing a role of buffering protection.

[0027] 3. The multi-stage combined retaining structure and method for high slopes of mountain roads can maintain overall stability through the triangular structure formed between the anti-rockfall component, the retaining adjustment component and the retaining reinforcement component and the high slope. At the same time, the collapsed rocks can be pre-buffered by the stepped form of the slope retaining structure after they fall, so that the collapsed rocks fall to the preliminary buffer component for shock absorption, and then according to the size of the impact force, they are successively shock absorbed by the middle buffer component and the hydraulic buffer component. This combination can evenly transfer the load and ensure the stability of the multi-stage buffer. At the same time, the steps can weaken the impact and share the potential energy of the multi-stage buffer, thereby improving the multi-stage buffer effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of the multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of a mountainous highway proposed by the present invention after construction;

[0029] Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of the connection between the slope rockfall retaining mechanism and the multi-stage buffer mechanism of the multi-stage combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3A three-dimensional view of the connection between the anti-rockfall component and the support adjustment component of the multi-level combined support structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 A three-dimensional view of the connection between the support adjustment component and the rockfall prevention component of the multi-level combined support structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A three-dimensional view of the rockfall prevention assembly of the multi-stage combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 A three-dimensional view of the connection between the retaining adjustment component and the hydraulic buffer component of the multi-stage combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 A three-dimensional view of the support adjustment plate of the multi-level combined support structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 A three-dimensional view of the connection between the hydraulic buffer component and the shock absorbing guide component of the multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 9 A three-dimensional view of the connection between the shock-absorbing guide component and the preliminary buffer component of the multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0037] Fig.10 A three-dimensional view of the connection between the middle adjustment component and the hydraulic buffer component of the multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention;

[0038] Fig.11 A three-dimensional view of the cross section of the preliminary buffer component of the multi-stage combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountainous roads proposed by the present invention;

[0039] Fig.12 This is a three-dimensional view of the cross section of the hydraulic buffer component of the multi-stage combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads proposed by the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 100, slope cofferdam structure; 101, cofferdam fixing anchor rod; 102, slope weir retaining structure; 200, slope rockfall support mechanism; 201, anti-rockfall assembly; 2011, lower support structure; 2012, support fixing beam rod; 202, support reinforcement assembly; 2021, connection node; 2022, support reinforcement anchor rope; 2023, support positioning anchor rod; 203, support adjustment assembly; 2031, support adjustment plate; 2032, adjustment block; 2033, installation block; 2034, support installation anchor rod; 204, broadcaster; 300, multi-stage buffer mechanism; 301, hydraulic buffer assembly; 3011, Buffer hydraulic cylinder; 3012, buffer piston rod; 3013, first spring; 3014, mounting plate; 3015, conveying pipeline; 3016, buffer connection; 302, preliminary buffer assembly; 3021, buffer frame; 3022, sponge layer; 3023, sand layer; 303, middle buffer assembly; 3031, buffer column; 3032, buffer table; 3033, spring shock absorber; 304, shock absorbing guide assembly; 3041, connecting frame; 3042, hinged block; 3043, cross-scissor telescopic frame; 3044, guide rail structure; 3045, slide rail structure; 305, transmission gear rod; 306, transmission gear valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0043] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 8-Figure 12 A multi-stage combined retaining structure for a high side slope of a mountain highway includes a side slope cofferdam structure 100 and a side slope rockfall retaining mechanism 200. The side slope cofferdam structure 100 and the side slope rockfall retaining mechanism 200 are arranged on the high side slope, and the side slope rockfall retaining mechanism 200 is provided with a multi-stage buffer mechanism 300 arranged along the inclined surface of the high side slope;

[0044] The rockfall support mechanism 200 includes a rockfall prevention component 201, a support adjustment component 203 and a plurality of support reinforcement components 202 (for example, two) are arranged on one side of the rockfall prevention component 201, and the plurality of support reinforcement components 202 are located between the support adjustment components 203. A plurality of triangular structures are formed between the rockfall prevention component 201, the support adjustment component 203, the support reinforcement component 202 and the high slope. The plurality of triangular structures formed between the support adjustment component 203, the support reinforcement component 202, the rockfall prevention component 201 and the high slope can maintain overall stability and reliability, ensure the enclosure effect, and ensure the stability of the multi-stage buffer mechanism 300.

[0045] The multi-stage buffer mechanism 300 includes a hydraulic buffer component 301, a middle buffer component 303 includes a buffer column 3031, a buffer table 3032 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the buffer column 3031, and the four corners of the buffer table 3032 are fixedly connected to four transmission gear rods 305. A spring shock absorber 3033 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the buffer table 3032. The buffer column 3031 is pressed down by the buffer table 3032, so that the impact force acts on the spring shock absorber 3033, so that the spring shock absorber 3033 can play a shock-absorbing and buffering effect, thereby reducing the impact damage of falling rocks. The middle buffer component 303 and the shock-absorbing guide component 304 are arranged above the hydraulic buffer component 301. The shock-absorbing guide component 304 includes two connecting frames 3041. The two connecting frames 304 1 are fixedly connected to the buffer frame 3021 and the four buffer hydraulic cylinders 3011 respectively, four guide rail structures 3044 are fixedly connected to the connecting frame 3041, and a slide rail structure 3045 is slidably arranged on the guide rail structure 3044. The slide rail structure 3045 can slide through the guide rail structure 3044, so that the cross-scissor type telescopic frame 3043 can maintain stable telescopic extension, and the two slide rail structures 3045 are hinged to the cross-scissor type telescopic frame 3043. The cross-scissor type telescopic frame 3043 has the characteristic of being retractable. The cross-scissor type telescopic frame 3043 moves with the preliminary buffer assembly 302, so as to maintain the stable movement of the preliminary buffer assembly 302. The cross-scissor type telescopic frame 3043 is also hinged to the two hinge blocks 3042, and the hinge blocks 3042 are fixedly connected to the guide rail structure 30 44, the middle buffer component 303 and the top of the shock absorbing guide component 304 are connected with the preliminary buffer component 302, the preliminary buffer component 302 includes a buffer frame 3021, the bottom of the buffer frame 3021 is fixedly connected to the buffer column 3031, the buffer frame 3021 is consistent with the slope of the high slope, and the buffer frame 3021 is provided with a sponge layer 3022 and a sand layer 3023 from top to bottom. Through the flexibility between the sponge layer 3022 and the sand layer 3023, the falling collapsed blocks can enter the buffer frame 3021 and be buffered by the sponge and the sand layer 3023, while avoiding the problem of falling collapsed blocks due to hard contact, which increases the safety hazard. The four corners of the middle buffer component 303 are fixedly connected with a transmission gear rod 305, and the transmission gear rod 305 The transmission gear rod 305 is meshed and connected with the transmission gear valve 306, and is continuously pushed downward by the buffer platform 3032, so that the transmission gear rod 305 can mesh downward with the transmission gear valve 306, thereby automatically opening the pipeline of the delivery pipeline 3015, thereby triggering the condition of hydraulic buffering. A plurality of transmission gear valves 306 (for example, 4) are arranged on the hydraulic buffer assembly 301, and the hydraulic buffer assembly 301 includes a mounting plate 3014, on which four buffer hydraulic cylinders 3011 are installed, and a buffer piston rod 3012 is arranged inside the buffer hydraulic cylinder 3011, and relative movement occurs between the buffer piston rod 3012 and the buffer hydraulic cylinder 3011, so that the liquid flows in the buffer hydraulic cylinder 3011 through the delivery pipeline 3015, thereby playing a role of hydraulic shock absorption.At the same time, the purpose of shock absorption and resetting can be achieved by cooperating with the first spring 3013, and the buffering effect can be greatly improved through multi-stage shock absorption. The first spring 3013 is fixedly connected between the buffer piston rod 3012 and the top wall of the buffer hysteresis cylinder 3011. The buffer piston rod 3012 passes through the buffer hysteresis cylinder 3011 and is fixedly connected to the buffer connection part 3016. The buffer connection part 3016 is fixedly connected to the support adjustment plate 2031. The upper and lower sides of the buffer hysteresis cylinder 3011 are connected to the two ends of the conveying pipeline 3015, and the transmission gear valve 306 is arranged on the conveying pipeline 3015.

[0046] In this embodiment, the sand layer 3023 is laid on the buffer frame 3021, and the sponge layer 3022 is used to seal the opening, so that the collapsed rocks can enter the buffer frame 3021, so that the particles of the sponge layer 3022 and the sand layer 3023 are displaced and friction is generated for buffering. At the same time, the collapsed rocks are embedded in the sand layer 3023 for easy positioning, avoiding direct hard contact and causing the collapsed rocks to impact and fly onto the road, affecting traffic and safety. Secondly, the impact force of the collapsed rocks can act on the spring shock absorber through the buffer column 3031 and the buffer table 3032. On the device 3033, the spring shock absorber 3033 performs shock absorption and buffering in advance through deformation. When the impact force continues to go downward, the transmission gear rod 305 is meshed with the transmission gear valve 306, so that the transmission gear valve 306 opens the pipeline of the delivery pipe 3015. At this time, the liquid can flow in the delivery pipe 3015 to the other side of the buffer hydraulic cylinder 3011, thereby realizing the shock absorption and buffering effect again through hydraulic pressure. This method can realize multi-level buffering, which greatly weakens the impact force of the rolling collapsed rocks, thereby avoiding damage to the lower retaining structure 2011 and improving safety.

[0047] Reference Figure 4-Figure 7 The multi-stage combined retaining structure of a high slope of a mountain highway includes a slope cofferdam structure 100, the slope cofferdam structure 100 includes a slope weir retaining structure 102, the slope weir retaining structure 102 is arranged in a stepped manner, and the slope weir retaining structure 102 is installed on the high slope through a cofferdam fixing anchor rod 101, and the slope weir retaining structure 102 can be installed and fixed by the cofferdam fixing anchor rod 101 to ensure the firmness of the slope weir retaining structure 102;

[0048] The rockfall prevention assembly 201 includes a lower retaining structure 2011, and a broadcaster 204 is fixedly installed above the lower retaining structure 2011. The broadcaster 204 can be used to remind the rockfall danger area. At the same time, a sensor can be installed on the buffer frame 3021 to detect the impact force of the rockfall, and then the danger reminder is given through the broadcaster 204. A retaining fixed beam 2012 is installed below the lower retaining structure 2011. The lower retaining structure 2011 can be fixed by the retaining fixed beam 2012, thereby ensuring the firmness of the lower retaining structure 2011, and the lower retaining structure 2011 can block the rockfall and prevent the rockfall from falling on the road, thereby playing a protective role. The retaining fixed beam 2012 is buried at the bottom of the high slope;

[0049] The support reinforcement assembly 202 includes a connection node 2021, which is installed on one side of the lower support structure 2011. Two support reinforcement anchor ropes 2022 are arranged on the connection node 2021. One end of the support reinforcement anchor rope 2022 is installed with a support positioning anchor rod 2023. The support positioning anchor rod 2023 is buried in the high slope, so that the support positioning anchor rod 2023 is connected to the lower support structure 2011 through the support reinforcement anchor rope 2022, thereby reinforcing the lower support structure 2011. The support positioning anchor rod 2023 is buried on the slope of the high slope;

[0050] The support adjustment assembly 203 includes a support adjustment plate 2031, which is hinged to multiple adjustment blocks 2032 through a pin shaft. The multiple adjustment blocks 2032 are fixedly connected to one side of the lower support structure 2011. The support adjustment plate 2031 is also hinged to multiple mounting blocks 2033 through a pin shaft at the bottom. A support mounting anchor rod 2034 is installed at the bottom of the mounting block 2033. The support mounting anchor rod 2034 is buried in the high slope, thereby increasing the connection points of the lower support structure 2011 and ensuring the stability and firmness of the installation of the lower support structure 2011. The support mounting anchor rod 2034 is buried on the slope of the high slope.

[0051] In this embodiment: through the adjustability of the support adjustment plate 2031, the installation angle of the lower retaining structure 2011 can be adjusted to meet the construction requirements of the lower retaining structure 2011 under various high slopes. After the lower retaining structure 2011, the support positioning anchor rod 2023 and the support installation anchor rod 2034 are installed, multiple triangular structures are formed between the anti-rockfall assembly 201, the support adjustment assembly 203 and the support reinforcement assembly 202 and the high slope. The triangular structure has stability, thereby ensuring the stability and firmness of the lower retaining structure 2011. Secondly, since the slope weir retaining structure 102 is in the form of a step, the collapsed blocks of stone roll or slide obliquely on the steps, which can convert part of the kinetic energy of the collapsed blocks of stone into kinetic energy in the horizontal direction and heat energy done by friction, thereby reducing the impact force in the vertical direction and initially playing a role in buffering and protection.

[0052] Continue to refer to Figure 1-Figure 4 and Figure 8-Figure 9 , a multi-stage combined retaining structure for a high slope of a mountain highway, including a slope rockfall retaining mechanism 200, a slope cofferdam structure 100 and a slope rockfall retaining mechanism 200 are arranged on the high slope, the slope rockfall retaining mechanism 200 includes an anti-rockfall component 201, a retaining adjustment component 203 and a plurality of retaining reinforcement components 202 are arranged on one side of the anti-rockfall component 201, and the plurality of retaining reinforcement components 202 are located between the retaining adjustment components 203, and a plurality of triangular structures are formed between the anti-rockfall component 201, the retaining adjustment component 203 and the retaining reinforcement component 202 and the high slope;

[0053] The multi-stage buffer mechanism 300 includes a hydraulic buffer component 301, and a middle buffer component 303 and a shock-absorbing guide component 304 are arranged above the hydraulic buffer component 301. The tops of the middle buffer component 303 and the shock-absorbing guide component 304 are connected to the preliminary buffer component 302. The four corners of the middle buffer component 303 are fixedly connected with a transmission gear rod 305, and the transmission gear rod 305 is meshed and connected with a transmission gear valve 306. Multiple transmission gear valves 306 are arranged on the hydraulic buffer component 301.

[0054] In this embodiment, the triangular structure formed by the anti-rockfall component 201, the support adjustment component 203 and the support reinforcement component 202 and the high slope can maintain the overall stability. At the same time, the collapsed rocks can be pre-buffered by the stepped form of the slope weir structure 102 after falling, so that the collapsed rocks fall to the preliminary buffer component 302 for shock absorption, and then according to the size of the impact force, they are successively shock absorbed by the middle buffer component 303 and the hydraulic buffer component 301. This combination can evenly transfer the load and ensure the stability of the multi-stage buffer. At the same time, the steps can weaken the impact and share the potential energy of the multi-stage buffer, thereby improving the multi-stage buffer effect.

[0055] The method for using the multi-level combined retaining structure of a high slope of a mountain highway includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. When rockfall occurs on a high slope of a highway, the collapsed rocks fall down along the high slope. Since the slope retaining structure 102 is arranged in steps, the collapsed rocks are buffered by the steps of the slope retaining structure 102, while the relatively broken collapsed rocks fall directly to the bottom of the high slope and are enclosed by the lower retaining structure 2011. The large collapsed rocks fall directly into the buffer frame 3021 and are buffered by the sponge layer 3022 and the sand layer 3023, and the collapsed rocks are embedded in the sand layer 3023.

[0057] S2, the impact force of the collapsed rocks acts on the buffer frame 3021, so that the buffer frame 3021 transmits the external force to the buffer column 3031 and the buffer platform 3032, and performs buffering and shock absorption through the spring shock absorber 3033;

[0058] S3. When the external force continues to move downward, the buffer platform 3032 is lowered and drives the transmission gear rod 305 to move. When the transmission gear rod 305 is downwardly transmitted to the transmission gear valve 306, the transmission gear valve 306 opens the delivery pipe 3015. At this time, as the impact force increases, the buffer hydraulic cylinder 3011 and the buffer piston rod 3012 are displaced, so that the liquid keeps flowing in the buffer hydraulic cylinder 3011 through the delivery pipe 3015, and cooperates with the first spring 3013 to perform shock absorption and buffering again.

[0059] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads, characterized by: include: A side slope cofferdam structure (100) and a side slope rockfall retaining mechanism (200), characterized in that the side slope cofferdam structure (100) and the side slope rockfall retaining mechanism (200) are arranged on a high side slope, and the side slope rockfall retaining mechanism (200) is provided with a multi-stage buffer mechanism (300) arranged along the inclined surface of the high side slope; The rockfall prevention mechanism (200) comprises a rockfall prevention component (201), a support adjustment component (203) and a plurality of support reinforcement components (202) are arranged on one side of the rockfall prevention component (201), the plurality of support reinforcement components (202) are located between the support adjustment components (203), and a plurality of triangular structures are formed between the rockfall prevention component (201), the support adjustment component (203) and the support reinforcement component (202) and the high slope; The multi-stage buffer mechanism (300) comprises a hydraulic buffer assembly (301), a middle buffer assembly (303) and a shock absorbing guide assembly (304) are arranged above the hydraulic buffer assembly (301), the tops of the middle buffer assembly (303) and the shock absorbing guide assembly (304) are connected to a preliminary buffer assembly (302), the four corners of the middle buffer assembly (303) are fixedly connected to a transmission gear rod (305), and the transmission gear rod (305) is meshedly connected to a transmission gear valve (306), and a plurality of transmission gear valves (306) are arranged on the hydraulic buffer assembly (301).

2. The multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side slope cofferdam structure (100) comprises a side slope weir retaining structure (102), the side slope weir retaining structure (102) being arranged in a stepped manner, and the side slope weir retaining structure (102) being installed on a high side slope via a cofferdam fixing anchor rod (101).

3. The multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rockfall prevention assembly (201) comprises a lower support structure (2011), a broadcaster (204) is fixedly installed above the lower support structure (2011), and a support fixed beam rod (2012) is installed below the lower support structure (2011), and the support fixed beam rod (2012) is buried at the bottom of the high slope.

4. The multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The retaining reinforcement component (202) comprises a connection node (2021), wherein the connection node (2021) is installed on one side of the lower retaining structure (2011), and two retaining reinforcement anchor ropes (2022) are arranged on the connection node (2021), and a retaining positioning anchor rod (2023) is installed at one end of the retaining reinforcement anchor rope (2022), and the retaining positioning anchor rod (2023) is buried on the slope of the high side slope.

5. The multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The support adjustment assembly (203) comprises a support adjustment plate (2031), the support adjustment plate (2031) is hinged to a plurality of adjustment blocks (2032) via a pin shaft, the plurality of adjustment blocks (2032) are fixedly connected to one side of the lower support structure (2011), the support adjustment plate (2031) is also hinged to a plurality of mounting blocks (2033) via a pin shaft at the bottom, a support mounting anchor rod (2034) is installed at the bottom of the mounting block (2033), and the support mounting anchor rod (2034) is buried on the slope of the high side slope.

6. The multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The middle buffer assembly (303) comprises a buffer column (3031), the bottom end of the buffer column (3031) is fixedly connected to a buffer platform (3032), the four corners of the buffer platform (3032) are fixedly connected to four transmission gear rods (305), and the bottom of the buffer platform (3032) is fixedly connected to a spring shock absorber (3033).

7. The multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The preliminary buffer assembly (302) comprises a buffer frame (3021), the bottom of the buffer frame (3021) is fixedly connected to a buffer column (3031), the buffer frame (3021) has a consistent slope with the high slope, and a sponge layer (3022) and a sand layer (3023) are arranged in the buffer frame (3021) from top to bottom.

8. The multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The hydraulic buffer assembly (301) comprises a mounting plate (3014), four buffer hysteresis cylinders (3011) are mounted on the mounting plate (3014), a buffer piston rod (3012) is arranged inside the buffer hysteresis cylinder (3011), a first spring (3013) is fixedly connected between the buffer piston rod (3012) and the top wall of the buffer hysteresis cylinder (3011), the buffer piston rod (3012) passes through the buffer hysteresis cylinder (3011) and is fixedly connected to a buffer connection part (3016), and the buffer connection part (3016) is fixedly connected to the support adjustment plate (2031); The upper and lower sides of the buffer hydraulic cylinder (3011) are connected to the two ends of the conveying pipeline (3015), and the transmission gear valve (306) is arranged on the conveying pipeline (3015).

9. The multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The shock-absorbing guide assembly (304) comprises two connecting frames (3041), the two connecting frames (3041) are fixedly connected to the buffer frame (3021) and the four buffer hydraulic cylinders (3011), the connecting frames (3041) are fixedly connected to four guide rail structures (3044), the guide rail structures (3044) are slidably provided with a slide rail structure (3045), the two slide rail structures (3045) are hinged to a cross-scissor-type telescopic frame (3043), the cross-scissor-type telescopic frame (3043) is further hinged to two hinge blocks (3042), and the hinge blocks (3042) are fixedly connected to the guide rail structures (3044).

10. The method for using the multi-level combined retaining structure for high slopes of mountain roads according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. When rockfall occurs on a high slope of a highway, the collapsed rocks fall down along the high slope. Since the slope retaining structure (102) is arranged in a stepped manner, the collapsed rocks are buffered by the steps of the slope retaining structure (102). The relatively small collapsed rocks fall directly to the bottom of the high slope and are surrounded by the lower retaining structure (2011). The large collapsed rocks fall directly on the buffer frame (3021) and are buffered by the sponge layer (3022) and the sand layer (3023). At the same time, the collapsed rocks are embedded in the sand layer (3023). S2, the impact force of the collapsed rocks acts on the buffer frame (3021), so that the buffer frame (3021) transmits the external force to the buffer column (3031) and the buffer platform (3032), and performs buffering and shock absorption through the spring shock absorber (3033); S3. When the external force continues to move downward, the buffer platform (3032) is lowered and drives the transmission gear rod (305) to move. When the transmission gear rod (305) moves downward to transmit power to the transmission gear valve (306), the transmission gear valve (306) opens the delivery pipe (3015). At this time, as the impact force increases, displacement occurs between the buffer hydraulic cylinder (3011) and the buffer piston rod (3012), so that the liquid keeps flowing in the buffer hydraulic cylinder (3011) through the delivery pipe (3015), and cooperates with the first spring (3013) to perform shock absorption and buffering again.

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