A new type of high and steep slope ecological restoration structure and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of slope ecological restoration.The novel high and steep slope ecological restoration structure comprises a slope surface stabilizing base unit, the surface of the slope surface stabilizing base unit is covered with an ecological base material layer, and the slope surface stabilizing base unit comprises a plurality of anti-sliding and slope-stabilizing modules which are arranged in an array along the slope surface; each anti-sliding and slope-stabilizing module comprises a rigid carrier, a tenon part is arranged on one side of the outer surface of the rigid carrier, a mortise part is formed on the inner surface of the opposite side of the rigid carrier, and the adjacent rigid carriers are connected in a mutual embedding mode to form a continuous anti-sliding surface; a soil nail anchoring assembly; and a dynamic water-permeable protective panel which is connected with the rigid carrier through a telescopic water-permeable connecting piece, the telescopic water-permeable connecting piece comprises an elastic energy storage supporting assembly and a water-absorbing and expanding body. The construction of the slope surface stabilizing base unit greatly improves the slope ecological restoration effect and reduces the risk of geological disasters such as landslides.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of slope ecological protection, and in particular to a novel high-steep slope ecological restoration structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Exposed high and steep rock slopes are a common geological phenomenon, generally characterized by large slopes, long slopes, difficulty in management, and unstable slopes. Affected by multiple factors such as weathering, precipitation, and human activities, they are prone to soil erosion, collapse, landslides, and other disasters, which have serious impacts on the local ecological environment and nearby residents and buildings.

[0003] Commonly used technologies for ecological protection and restoration of steep rock slopes include soil seeding, lattice beams, and flexible retaining walls with eco-bags. Among these, substrate seeding is a key method. This involves mixing soil, a binder, a water-retaining agent, organic matter, fertilizer, soil conditioner, and mixed plant seeds in a specific proportion. Water is then added and thoroughly stirred using a dedicated seeding machine before being sprayed onto the slope to form a nutrient layer that supports sustained plant growth. After water and fertilizer maintenance, the plant seeds germinate and grow, naturally forming a succession, thereby rapidly regreening the slope, restoring the ecosystem, and protecting the slope.

[0004] Current substrate seeding technology faces several challenges in its application, particularly when applied to steep rock slopes. Even with reinforcement measures such as netting, the substrate (typically 10 cm thick) is prone to initial slippage due to gravity. Furthermore, under the repeated effects of rainfall and drying, the substrate's performance deteriorates, easily causing it to fall off and slide along the slope during the next rainfall, severely impacting the effectiveness of ecological restoration. Furthermore, excessively strong substrates often require binders that negatively impact plant growth, damaging vegetation and hindering the regreening of rock slopes. Furthermore, due to the unique geographical location of exposed, steep slopes (commonly found on highway and railway slopes, as well as those created by mining), the scarcity of surrounding water resources, and the nutrient loss of the substrate during rainfall and drying cycles, current substrate seeding technology faces challenges such as insufficient nutrient supply, difficult maintenance, and the high cost and difficulty of manual irrigation. This is a key reason for the current dilemma faced by ecological restoration on steep slopes: "green one year, yellow two years, and completely dead three years."

[0005] Currently, spray-seeding substrates are only suitable for gentle slopes with a gradient of less than 45°. Existing technologies cannot achieve satisfactory results on steeper slopes, especially those with a gradient of more than 70°. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new slope protection structure that can prevent the substrate from sliding off the slope without affecting the spray-seeding substrate mix, ensuring its stability on the slope, while also providing the necessary water for plant growth and maintaining the vegetation on the slope. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new high-steep slope ecological restoration structure and a construction method thereof in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology.

[0007] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0008] A new type of high and steep slope ecological restoration structure, including:

[0009] A slope stabilization base unit, the surface of which is covered with an ecological substrate layer, and the slope stabilization base unit comprises a plurality of anti-slip slope stabilization modules distributed in an array along the slope surface; each of the anti-slip slope stabilization modules comprises:

[0010] A rigid carrier having a tenon portion on one outer surface and a mortise portion on the inner surface of the opposite side, wherein adjacent rigid carriers are connected by the interlocking tenon portion and the mortise portion to form a continuous anti-slip surface;

[0011] A soil nail anchor assembly, the top of which is rigidly connected to the bottom surface of the rigid bearing body, and the bottom of which is anchored inside the rock slope by vertical drilling and grouting; and

[0012] The dynamic water-permeable protective panel is connected to the rigid carrier through a retractable water-permeable connector, and the retractable water-permeable connector includes:

[0013] The elastic energy storage support assembly is fixed at both ends to the rigid bearing body and the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, providing axial expansion and contraction compensation function; and

[0014] The water-absorbing expansion body fills the outer space of the elastic energy storage support component and is composed of a highly water-absorbing composite material.

[0015] Optionally, the dynamic water-permeable protective panel is further provided with an outer box and an inner box, one end of the outer box is rigidly connected to the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, and the other end is slidably matched with the inner box through a slide rail guide mechanism, and the other end of the inner box is fixedly connected to the rigid supporting plate.

[0016] Optionally, the outer box and the inner box are both enclosed by side panels, a top panel and a bottom panel to form a hollow cubic structure, and arrays of water-permeable holes are arranged on the top panel and the bottom panel, and the water-permeable holes are covered with permeable geotextiles.

[0017] Optionally, the slide rail guide mechanism includes:

[0018] Guide chutes on the four sides of the inner box; and

[0019] The guide rail ridges arranged on the inner wall of the outer casing form a sliding pair with the guide sliding grooves.

[0020] Optionally, the elastic energy storage support assembly includes:

[0021] A pre-compression spring mechanism comprising a spring, a locking telescopic rod, and a corrugated sealing sleeve, wherein: the ends of the corrugated sealing sleeve are respectively fixed to a rigid bearing plate and a dynamic water-permeable protective plate; one end of the spring is anchored to the rigid bearing plate, and the other end is connected to the spring top plate; the locking telescopic rod is arranged parallel to the side of the spring, and the locking telescopic rod is provided with an electromagnetic locking mechanism to maintain the pre-compression state of the spring under normal conditions; and

[0022] Displacement trigger mechanism, comprising:

[0023] Embedded telescopic plate, slidingly built into the guide groove of the spring top plate; and

[0024] A dual-mode sensing unit, comprising a first sensor located on both sides of the spring top plate and a second sensor located inside the dynamic water-permeable protective plate;

[0025] When the displacement of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel reaches the position where the first sensor is relative to the second sensor, the dual-mode sensing unit generates a trigger signal to control the electromagnetic locking mechanism to release the constraint of the telescopic rod, and at the same time drives the telescopic plate to insert into the wedge-shaped slot of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, so that the spring releases elastic potential energy to generate reverse slope support force.

[0026] Optionally, the soil nail anchor assembly uses a full-length adhesive anchor rod.

[0027] Optionally, the rigid carrier is recycled construction solid waste, which includes recycled aggregates from construction waste and industrial solid waste that have been harmlessly treated.

[0028] Optionally, the water-absorbing swelling body includes 30-40 wt% montmorillonite, 3-4 wt% water-retaining agent and 15-20 wt% bio-glue.

[0029] Optionally, the water-absorbing swelling body further comprises 5-6 wt% of slow-release compound fertilizer and 5-10 wt% of natural organic water-absorbing material, wherein the natural organic water-absorbing material is selected from at least one of loofah sponge, cotton fiber or coconut shell fiber.

[0030] A new construction method for high and steep slope ecological restoration structure includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Clean up the gravel, tree roots, garbage, etc. that need to be handled within the slope range, and clean up from top to bottom to ensure that the slope surface is flat after cleaning;

[0032] S2. According to the project requirements and site conditions, the hole positions of the soil nail anchor components are set out, and the holes are drilled, cleaned, and inspected according to the positioning;

[0033] S3, connecting the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules into a row through the tenon and mortise portions of the rigid carrier, with each four anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules forming a group;

[0034] S4. According to the construction drawings, insert the soil nail anchoring components at the bottom of each rigid bearing body into the corresponding holes and perform grouting.

[0035] S5. Repeat S3-S4 until the assembled width of multiple rows of slope stabilization base units reaches the required width of the slope;

[0036] S6. Spray the ecological base material layer on the steep rock slopes.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. The ecological protection structure for steep rock slopes of the present invention, by installing a slope stabilizing base unit, provides an upward support force for the spraying substrate along the slope, offsetting the force of the spraying substrate sliding down the slope. This solves the problem of poor initial adhesion of traditional spraying substrates on steep rock slopes, and also solves the problem of the spraying substrate easily sliding when exposed to water after undergoing dry-wet cycles.

[0039] 2. The high-steep rock slope ecological protection structure of the present invention uses the water-absorbing expansion body in the slope stabilization base unit to replenish water and nutrients to the spraying substrate, solving the problems of high artificial irrigation costs and difficult maintenance, and realizing the reuse of rainfall water.

[0040] 3. The high and steep rock slope ecological protection structure of the present invention adopts a splicable slope stabilization base unit, which can be replaced as a whole or partially repaired according to the different damage conditions of the structural units, and can be freely adjusted according to different slope widths. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a high and steep rock slope according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the anti-slip and slope stabilization module of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a partial structural diagram of the elastic energy storage support assembly in the anti-slip and slope stabilization module of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing module of the present invention.

[0047] In the figure: 1. Soil nail anchor assembly; 2. Rigid bearing body; 3. Dynamic water-permeable protective panel; 4. Retractable water-permeable connector; 5. Elastic energy storage support assembly; 6. Water-absorbing expansion body; 7. Tenon portion; 8. Mortise portion; 9. Outer box; 10. Inner box; 11. Slide guide mechanism; 12. Corrugated sealing sleeve; 13. Embedded telescopic plate; 14. Dual-mode sensing unit; 141. First sensor; 142. Second sensor; 15. Spring; 16. Locking telescopic rod; 17. Spring top plate; 18. Wedge-shaped slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0050] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] The new high and steep slope ecological restoration structure provided by the present invention refers to Figures 1-6 ,include

[0052] The slope stabilization base unit is covered with an ecological base material layer, and the slope stabilization base unit includes a number of anti-slip slope stabilization modules distributed along the slope surface; each anti-slip slope stabilization module includes:

[0053] The rigid carrier 2 has a tenon portion 7 on one side of its outer surface and a mortise portion 8 on the inner surface of the opposite side. Adjacent rigid carriers 2 are connected by the interlocking tenon portion 7 and the mortise portion 8 to form a continuous anti-slip surface.

[0054] A soil nail anchor assembly 1, the top of which is rigidly connected to the bottom surface of the rigid bearing body 2, and the bottom of which is anchored inside the rock slope by vertical drilling and grouting; and

[0055] The dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 is connected to the rigid carrier 2 through a retractable water-permeable connector 4. The retractable water-permeable connector 4 includes:

[0056] The elastic energy storage support assembly 5 has its two ends fixed to the rigid bearing body 2 and the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3, respectively, to provide axial expansion and contraction compensation function; and

[0057] The water-absorbing expansion body 6 fills the outer space of the elastic energy storage support component 5 and is made of a highly water-absorbing composite material and has the property of expanding when exposed to water.

[0058] Specifically, the anti-slip slope stabilization module within the slope stabilization base unit is connected by the interlocking tenon 7 and mortise 8 of the rigid support 2, forming a continuous anti-slip surface. This structure effectively offsets the downward force of the slope base material. Simultaneously, the soil nail anchor assembly 1 anchors the rigid support 2 within the rock slope, enhancing its stability on the slope surface. Together, these two elements ensure the stability of the slope stabilization base unit on steep slopes. Furthermore, the soil nail anchor assembly utilizes full-length adhesive anchor rods. In ecological restoration of steep slopes, these full-length adhesive anchor rods not only improve slope stability but also provide a good foundation for vegetation growth. Through the reinforcement of the anchor rods, the stability of the slope soil is enhanced, improving the growth environment for vegetation. The dynamic permeable protective panel 3 is connected to the rigid support 2 via a retractable permeable connector 4. The elastic energy storage support assembly 5 and the water-absorbing and expandable member 6 within the retractable permeable connector 4 expand and expand as they absorb water, providing axial expansion compensation and ensuring the stability of the base material on the slope surface.

[0059] Traditional spraying substrates rely on adhesives to adhere to the slope surface. This solution uses a slope-stabilizing matrix unit to provide support for the ecological substrate layer, changing the attachment method that relies solely on adhesives. The slope-stabilizing matrix unit acts like a "skeleton," "supporting" the ecological substrate layer and allowing it to remain stable on steep slopes, unaffected by factors such as gravity and rainfall infiltration. The water-absorbing and expanding body 6 in the retractable and permeable connector 4 is composed of a highly absorbent composite material that expands when exposed to water. When rainfall occurs, the water-absorbing and expanding body 6 absorbs water and expands, providing an axial upward support force along the slope for the ecological substrate. The water-absorbing and expanding body 6 also has a water-retention function, providing moisture and nutrients to the ecological substrate under dry conditions. By reducing the use of plant-toxic adhesives, this invention avoids damage to vegetation. At the same time, the ecological substrate layer can be stably attached to the slope surface, providing a stable matrix environment for vegetation growth. Furthermore, the optimized nutrient supply method can meet the nutrients required for vegetation growth, facilitating the growth and reproduction of vegetation on steep slopes.

[0060] In summary, this new type of high-steep slope ecological restoration structure effectively solves the slope stability problem of high-steep slopes (especially rocky steep slopes with a slope greater than 70°). Through the construction of slope stabilization matrix units, the slope's anti-slip ability is greatly enhanced, reducing the risk of geological disasters such as landslides. The ecological substrate layer can be stably attached to the high-steep slope. Regardless of whether it is dry or rainy, it will not slide due to gravity or rain erosion, overcoming the limitations of traditional spraying substrates in the application of high-steep slopes. Since the use of toxic adhesives is avoided, vegetation can grow healthily in the ecological substrate layer. At the same time, the optimized nutrient supply and stable substrate environment are conducive to the long-term growth and reproduction of vegetation, increasing the vegetation coverage rate of high-steep slopes and achieving effective greening of rock slopes. In addition, since the ecological substrate layer is not easy to slide, the need for frequent repair and maintenance is reduced. At the same time, the cost and difficulty of artificial irrigation are reduced, and the overall later maintenance cost of ecological restoration of high-steep slopes is reduced.

[0061] In this embodiment, referring to Figure 2-Figure 6 The dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 is also provided with an outer box 9 and an inner box 10. One end of the outer box 9 is rigidly connected to the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3, and the other end is slidably matched with the inner box 10 through a slide guide mechanism 11. The other end of the inner box 10 is fixedly connected to the rigid supporting plate 2. The outer box 9 and the inner box 10 are slidably matched through the slide guide mechanism 11. When the spraying substrate is prone to sliding due to its own gravity and rainwater, the water-absorbing expansion body 6 will expand and change in volume after absorbing rainwater. Since the water-absorbing expansion body 6 is provided in the outer box 9 and the inner box 10, the expansion of the water-absorbing expansion body 6 can drive the outer box 9 to move to the side away from the inner box 10, and this displacement of the outer box 9 can support the spraying substrate, thereby effectively preventing the spraying substrate from sliding due to its own gravity and rainwater.

[0062] Specifically, refer to Figure 5-Figure 6The outer box 9 and the inner box 10 are both enclosed by side panels, a top plate and a bottom plate to form a hollow cubic structure. An array of water permeable holes is arranged on the top plate and the bottom plate, and the water permeable holes are covered with a permeable geotextile. The array of water permeable holes arranged on the top plate and the bottom plate can realize the water permeability function. When water flows through, the water can flow through the water permeable holes. The permeable geotextile covered in the water permeable holes plays a filtering role. The permeable geotextile has tiny pores that can allow water to pass through. At the same time, it can prevent impurities such as soil particles from entering the box, prevent the water permeable holes from being blocked, and ensure the continuity of the water permeability function. The outer box 9 and the inner box 10 are enclosed by side panels, a top plate and a bottom plate to form a hollow cubic structure. This structural form has good stability. The various faces of the cubic structure support each other and can withstand forces from different directions. For example, when subjected to external pressure (such as the pressure of slope soil, the impact force of water flow, etc.), the side panels, top panels and bottom panels work together to disperse the force to the entire structure, avoiding local excessive force and causing structural damage.

[0063] Among them, reference Figure 5 , the slide rail guide mechanism 11 includes:

[0064] Guide slots provided on four sides of the inner box 10; and

[0065] The guide rail ridges provided on the inner wall of the outer casing 9 form a sliding pair with the guide chute.

[0066] Specifically, the sliding pair formed by the guide rail ridge and the guide groove works based on the principle of sliding friction. When the outer box 9 and the inner box 10 move relative to each other, the guide rail ridge slides in the guide groove. By controlling the matching accuracy and surface quality between the two, the sliding friction can be reduced, so that the outer box 9 and the inner box 10 can slide smoothly relative to each other. This structure can guide the relative movement direction of the outer box 9 and the inner box 10, and ensure that in the case of slope deformation, the relative displacement of the two follows a predetermined trajectory.

[0067] Among them, reference Figure 6 , the elastic energy storage support assembly 5 includes:

[0068] A pre-compression spring 15 mechanism includes a spring 15, a locking telescopic rod 16, and a corrugated sealing sleeve 12, wherein: the corrugated sealing sleeve 12 is made of a waterproof elastic material, with its ends respectively fixed to the rigid bearing plate and the dynamic water-permeable protective plate; the spring 15 is initially pre-compressed to 60%-80% of its free length, one end of which is anchored to the rigid bearing plate and the other end is connected to the top plate of the spring 15; the locking telescopic rod 16 is arranged parallel to the side of the spring 15 and is equipped with an electromagnetic locking mechanism to maintain the pre-compression state of the spring 15 under normal conditions; and

[0069] Displacement trigger mechanism, comprising:

[0070] The embedded telescopic plate 13 is slidably built into the guide groove of the top plate of the spring 15;

[0071] The dual-mode sensing unit 14 includes a first sensor 141 provided on both sides of the top plate of the spring 15 and a second sensor 142 provided on the inner side of the dynamic water-permeable protective plate;

[0072] When the displacement of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel reaches the point where the first sensor 141 is relative to the second sensor 142, the dual-mode sensing unit 14 generates a trigger signal to control the electromagnetic locking mechanism to release the telescopic rod constraint, and at the same time drives the telescopic plate to insert into the wedge-shaped slot 18 of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, causing the spring 15 to release elastic potential energy to generate reverse slope support force.

[0073] Specifically, the spring 15 stores elastic potential energy in its initial pre-compressed state. The bellows-type sealing sleeve 12 protects the spring 15 and prevents moisture erosion. The locking telescopic rod 16 is arranged parallel to the side of the spring 15 and maintains the pre-compressed state of the spring 15 through an electromagnetic locking mechanism. When the electromagnetic locking mechanism is locked, it resists the elastic force of the spring 15, keeping the spring 15 in its pre-compressed state. The embedded telescopic plate 13 can slide within the guide groove of the top plate of the spring 15 via a driving member (such as an electric telescopic rod) to ensure the directionality of its movement. In this embodiment, the first sensor 141 and the second sensor 142 are reflective photoelectric sensors, and the position height of the first sensor 141 in the initial state is set to be on the same horizontal line as the height of the inner box 10. When the downward displacement of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 and the outer box 9 reaches the position where the first sensor 141 is relative to the second sensor 142, the first sensor 141 emits a light signal, the reflection of the light signal changes, and the light intensity received by the second sensor 142 changes, thereby generating a trigger signal. The signals of the two jointly trigger the dual-mode sensing unit 14 to generate a trigger signal, and the trigger signal controls the electromagnetic locking mechanism through a control system (such as a circuit system) to release the telescopic rod constraint, and at the same time drives the embedded telescopic plate 13 to insert into the wedge-shaped slot 18 of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3.

[0074] When the spraying substrate is subject to a significant degree of slippage due to its own gravity and rain, the water-absorbing expansion body 6 absorbs rainwater, and its internal material structure or components will expand and change in volume due to the intake of water. The volume of the water-absorbing expansion body 6 will expand and change after absorbing rainwater. The expansion of the water-absorbing expansion body 6 pushes the outer box 9 to move. Under the action of this driving force, the outer box 9 will move accordingly, and the position change of the outer box 9 is in a direction that can support the spraying substrate. Due to this supporting role of the outer box 9, the spraying substrate can effectively avoid slipping even under the dual influence of its own gravity and rain, thereby maintaining the stability of the spraying substrate on the slope. However, when the spraying substrate is affected by its own gravity and rainwater and slides to a large extent, as the degree of sliding increases, the outer box 9 is squeezed and slid to a position where the first sensor 141 and the second sensor 142 are opposite each other, and the dual-mode sensing unit 14 generates a trigger signal, controlling the electromagnetic locking mechanism to release the telescopic rod constraint, and at the same time driving the telescopic plate to insert into the wedge-shaped slot 18 of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, causing the spring 15 to release elastic potential energy to generate a reverse slope support force, while also prompting the telescopic plate to move toward the dynamic water-permeable protective panel and finally insert into the wedge-shaped slot 18 of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel. The elastic potential energy released by the spring 15 will be converted into a reverse slope support force, which can effectively resist the various effects caused by the large-scale sliding of the spraying substrate, further ensuring the stability of the spraying substrate and effectively preventing it from continuing to slide.

[0075] Among them, the electromagnetic locking mechanism includes:

[0076] An annular groove provided on the outer wall of the locking telescopic rod 16;

[0077] The electromagnetic lock tongue matches the groove, retracts to release the rod body of the locking telescopic rod 16 when power is on, and pops out to lock when power is off.

[0078] When the electromagnetic lock tongue is powered on, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, a magnetic field is generated within the electromagnetic lock tongue. This magnetic field interacts with the surrounding magnetic field or magnetic material, generating an electromagnetic force. Under the action of this electromagnetic force, the electromagnetic lock tongue overcomes its own elastic force (if any) or other mechanical forces, thereby retracting and releasing the rod body of the locking telescopic rod 16. When the electromagnetic lock tongue is powered off, the magnetic field disappears, and the electromagnetic force also disappears. At this point, the electromagnetic lock tongue may be ejected under the action of its own elastic restoring force or other mechanical structure, inserted into the annular groove, and lock the locking telescopic rod 16. This structure, based on the electromagnetic force control method, can achieve fast and accurate locking and releasing operations. When unlocking is required, the electromagnetic lock tongue can be quickly retracted, allowing the locking telescopic rod 16 to immediately resume operation. When locking is required, the electromagnetic lock tongue can quickly eject and lock after power is removed. This rapid response characteristic helps improve the stability and adaptability of the entire structure in dealing with situations such as slope deformation.

[0079] Specifically, the rigid carrier 2 is recycled construction solid waste, which includes recycled aggregates from construction waste and industrial solid waste that have been harmlessly treated. First, the construction waste and industrial solid waste are collected. Construction waste can be collected from building demolition sites, including discarded concrete blocks, bricks, etc.; industrial solid waste is obtained from waste in related industrial production processes, such as certain metallurgical waste slag; then the collected construction waste and industrial solid waste are harmlessly treated, including screening, cleaning, and removal of harmful substances (such as heavy metals, etc.). For example, for industrial solid waste containing heavy metal pollution, chemical treatment methods are used to remove or fix the heavy metals to meet environmental safety standards. The construction waste and industrial solid waste that have been harmlessly treated are then made into recycled aggregate through processes such as crushing and screening. The crushing equipment can be a jaw crusher, a cone crusher, etc., which crushes larger solid waste into particles of appropriate size. Then, the recycled aggregate that meets the particle size requirements is screened out through screening equipment. The recycled aggregate is made into the rigid carrier 2 using a suitable molding process. For example, methods such as mold compression molding or vibration molding can be used. During the molding process, according to the design requirements, ensure that the density and shape of the recycled aggregate meet the requirements of the rigid carrier 2. During the molding process, an appropriate amount of binder can be added to improve the bonding strength between the recycled aggregates, but the choice of binder must ensure that it will not have an adverse effect on the environment and subsequent vegetation growth. The finished rigid carrier 2 is tested for compressive strength and water permeability. The compressive strength test can be carried out using a pressure testing machine in accordance with relevant standards to ensure that its compressive strength is ≥30MPa; the water permeability test can be carried out using specialized water permeability testing equipment, such as a Darcy meter, to ensure that the water permeability is ≥1.5×10- 2cm / s. If the test results do not meet the requirements, the production process is adjusted, such as changing the gradation of the recycled aggregate and the amount of binder, until the performance of the rigid carrier 2 meets the standards. Using construction waste and industrial solid waste to produce the rigid carrier 2 achieves resource recycling and reuse, reduces environmental pollution caused by construction waste and industrial solid waste, and reduces the demand for natural aggregate mining, thus achieving significant environmental benefits.

[0080] The water-absorbing expandable body 6 comprises 30-40 wt% montmorillonite, 3-4 wt% water-retaining agent, and 15-20 wt% bio-glue. Montmorillonite has strong water absorption properties, and its crystal structure contains interlayer water, which can absorb large amounts of water molecules. When exposed to water, the interlayer spacing of the montmorillonite increases, thereby allowing water absorption and expansion. The water-retaining agent is a high-molecular-weight polymer with water-absorbing and water-retaining functions, capable of absorbing and locking large amounts of water through hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and other forces. The use of bio-glue ensures the structural stability of the water-absorbing expandable body 6. During the water absorption and expansion process, the various components do not easily separate, allowing the water-absorbing expandable body 6 to maintain its structural integrity, better performing its functions of water absorption, water retention, and nutrient supply. The synergistic effect of the montmorillonite and water-retaining agent increases the water absorption capacity of the water-absorbing expandable body 6, enabling it to quickly absorb and store large amounts of water, providing a water source for plant growth in arid environments. The bio-glue also has excellent water retention properties, reducing water evaporation and loss.

[0081] The water-absorbing expansion body 6 further includes 5-6wt% slow-release compound fertilizer and 5-10wt% natural organic water-absorbing material, the natural organic water-absorbing material being selected from at least one of loofah, cotton fiber or coconut shell fiber. The slow-release compound fertilizer adopts a special coating or structural design to make its nutrient release rate slow and lasting. During the process of water-absorbing expansion body 6 absorbing water and swelling, water will slowly penetrate into the interior of the compound fertilizer particles, causing the nutrients in the fertilizer to gradually dissolve and release. This slow-release mechanism can provide a continuous nutrient supply for plant growth, avoiding nutrient loss or seedling burning caused by excessive one-time fertilization. The bio-glue plays a role in bonding and stabilizing the structure in the water-absorbing expansion body 6, which can bond montmorillonite, water-retaining agent, slow-release compound fertilizer and natural organic water-absorbing material together to prevent the separation of the various components during the water-absorbing expansion process, thereby ensuring the integrity and stability of the water-absorbing expansion body 6. This solution uses natural organic water-absorbing materials (loofah, cotton fiber or coconut shell fiber) to achieve effective utilization of natural resources. At the same time, these materials are biodegradable and environmentally friendly, meeting the environmental protection requirements of ecological restoration projects.

[0082] The construction method of the novel high-steep slope ecological restoration structure provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0083] S1. Clean up the gravel, tree roots, garbage, etc. that need to be handled within the slope range, and clean up from top to bottom to ensure that the slope surface is flat after cleaning;

[0084] S2. Locate the hole position of the soil nail anchor assembly 1 according to the project requirements and site conditions, drill the hole according to the positioning, clean the hole, and inspect the hole;

[0085] S3, connecting the slope stabilizing base units into a row through the tenon portion 7 and the mortise portion 8 of the rigid carrier 2, with every four slope stabilizing base units forming a group;

[0086] S4. According to the construction drawings, insert the anchor rods at the bottom of each group of rigid bearing bodies 2 into the corresponding holes and perform grouting;

[0087] S5. Repeat S3-S4 until the assembled width of multiple rows of slope stabilization base units reaches the required width of the slope;

[0088] S6. Spray the ecological base material layer on the steep rock slopes.

[0089] The ecological substrate layer consists of soil, humus, and a binder. The soil's water and nutrient retention function is as follows: the fine particles in the soil have high water and nutrient retention capacities, storing large amounts of water and nutrients, providing a stable supply for plant growth. Humus improves soil structure, increases aeration and water permeability, and makes the soil more loose, which is conducive to the growth and development of plant roots. The binder binds the clay and humus together to form a stable ecological substrate layer, preventing soil erosion and soil loss. Furthermore, the binder enhances the strength and stability of the ecological substrate layer, allowing it to withstand certain external forces. The ecological substrate layer provides favorable soil conditions for plant growth, promoting plant growth and development, thereby increasing vegetation coverage, effectively preventing soil erosion and soil loss, and protecting the ecological environment. The humus and binder in the ecological substrate layer improve soil quality, increase soil fertility and aeration, and promote plant growth and development. They also further promote ecological restoration, improve the ecological environment, and enhance the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.

[0090] The retractable and foldable pipe sleeve is made of EPDM rubber with a tensile strength of ≥15MPa and a temperature resistance range of -30°C to 80°C. Due to the inherent elasticity and flexibility of EPDM, the retractable and foldable pipe sleeve can be freely expanded and folded within a certain range. This property allows the sleeve to adapt to different spatial and geometric requirements during installation and use, such as when used in pipe connections that require bending or expansion. The retractable and foldable pipe sleeve has a temperature resistance range of -30°C to 80°C, allowing it to operate normally over a wide temperature range. Whether in cold winters (around -30°C) or hot summers (around 80°C), the sleeve's performance does not degrade drastically due to temperature fluctuations. This feature allows the sleeve to be used in a variety of climates, expanding its application range. The tensile strength of ≥15MPa ensures that the sleeve can withstand certain tensile forces without cracking during use. The high tensile strength ensures the sleeve's reliability and safety, extending its service life.

[0091] The function of maintaining the stability of the spraying substrate on the slope of the present invention is realized as follows: the soil nail anchoring assembly 1 anchored in the rock slope at the bottom of the rigid carrier 2 is fixed to the slope, and the overall stability of the slope stabilization base unit is achieved through the anchoring force; when the substrate slides due to rainfall or other factors, the highly absorbent composite material inside the dynamic permeable protective panel 3 absorbs water and expands, providing a certain support force for the sliding spraying substrate. When this expansion force is not enough to support the substrate, the dynamic permeable protective panel 3 will gradually move toward the rigid carrier 2. When the top plate of the spring 15 in the elastic energy storage support assembly 5 is completely embedded in the dynamic permeable protective panel 3, the elastic The first sensor 141 on the top plate corresponds to the displacement sensor of the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3. The embedded telescopic plate 13 in the top plate of the spring 15 extends into the preset wedge-shaped slot 18, connecting the spring 15 and the dynamic water-permeable protective panel 3 as a whole. Simultaneously, the locking telescopic rod 16 of the spring 15 component is unlocked, and the spring 15 releases its pre-stored elastic potential energy, providing an upward support force for the seeding substrate along the slope, preventing it from sliding further down. Ultimately, the substrate is in a state of extreme equilibrium on the slope. After the pre-compressed spring 15 is initially triggered to rebound, it will cooperate with the water-absorbing expansion body 6 to deform and provide support for the seeding substrate. The slope stabilization base unit gradually offsets the downward force of the substrate through the expansion force and the support force of the spring 15 rebound, maintaining the substrate's stability on the slope.

[0092] The vegetation maintenance function of the present invention is achieved as follows: When rainfall occurs, rainwater enters the dynamic permeable protective panel 3 through osmosis. The structure is filled with a water-absorbing expansion body 6, which can quickly absorb and fully combine with the water. As the water is absorbed, the nutrients in the water-absorbing expansion body 6 gradually dissolve in the water, forming a nutrient-rich solution. When the environment becomes dry and the moisture content in the substrate begins to decrease, the difference in matrix suction between the spraying substrate and the water-absorbing expansion body 6 becomes the main mechanical factor driving the flow of water. In the present invention, because the water-absorbing expansion body 6 has a strong water retention capacity (i.e., low matrix suction), while the matrix suction of the spraying substrate is relatively high in a dry state, water spontaneously flows from the water-absorbing expansion body 6 to the spraying substrate to replenish the missing water and nutrients. This process not only achieves the effective utilization and redistribution of rainfall water, reducing the cost of artificial irrigation, but also ensures a continuous water supply and nutrient replenishment for the spraying substrate in a dry environment, thereby promoting the healthy growth of vegetation in the substrate.

[0093] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the implementation mode and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be aware that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high and steep slope ecological restoration structure, characterized in that: include: A slope stabilization base unit, the surface of which is covered with an ecological substrate layer, and the slope stabilization base unit comprises a plurality of anti-slip slope stabilization modules distributed in an array along the slope surface; each of the anti-slip slope stabilization modules comprises: A rigid carrier having a tenon portion on one outer surface and a mortise portion on the inner surface of the opposite side, wherein adjacent rigid carriers are connected by the interlocking tenon portion and the mortise portion to form a continuous anti-slip surface; A soil nail anchor assembly, the top of which is rigidly connected to the bottom surface of the rigid bearing body, and the bottom of which is anchored inside the rock slope by vertical drilling and grouting; and The dynamic water-permeable protective panel is connected to the rigid carrier through a retractable water-permeable connector, and the retractable water-permeable connector includes: The elastic energy storage support assembly is fixed at both ends to the rigid bearing body and the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, providing axial expansion and contraction compensation function; the elastic energy storage support assembly includes: A pre-compression spring mechanism comprising a spring, a locking telescopic rod, and a corrugated sealing sleeve, wherein: the ends of the corrugated sealing sleeve are respectively fixed to a rigid bearing plate and a dynamic water-permeable protective plate; one end of the spring is anchored to the rigid bearing plate, and the other end is connected to the spring top plate; the locking telescopic rod is arranged parallel to the side of the spring, and the locking telescopic rod is provided with an electromagnetic locking mechanism to maintain the pre-compression state of the spring under normal conditions; and Displacement trigger mechanism, comprising: Embedded telescopic plate, slidingly built into the guide groove of the spring top plate; A dual-mode sensing unit, comprising a first sensor located on both sides of the spring top plate and a second sensor located inside the dynamic water-permeable protective plate; When the displacement of the dynamic waterproof panel reaches the point where the first sensor is aligned with the second sensor, the dual-mode sensing unit generates a trigger signal to control the electromagnetic locking mechanism to release the telescopic rod constraint and simultaneously drive the telescopic plate into the wedge-shaped slot of the dynamic waterproof panel, causing the spring to release elastic potential energy to generate reverse slope support force; and The water-absorbing expansion body fills the outer space of the elastic energy storage support component and is composed of a highly water-absorbing composite material.

2. The high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dynamic water-permeable protective panel is also provided with an outer box and an inner box. One end of the outer box is rigidly connected to the dynamic water-permeable protective panel, and the other end is slidably matched with the inner box through a slide rail guide mechanism. The other end of the inner box is fixedly connected to the rigid bearing plate.

3. The high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer box and the inner box are both enclosed by side panels, a top panel and a bottom panel to form a hollow cubic structure. The top panel and the bottom panel are both provided with arrays of water-permeable holes, and the water-permeable holes are covered with permeable geotextiles.

4. The high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The slide rail guide mechanism comprises: Guide chutes on the four sides of the inner box; and The guide rail ridges arranged on the inner wall of the outer casing form a sliding pair with the guide sliding grooves.

5. The high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil nail anchor assembly adopts a full-length adhesive anchor rod.

6. The high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rigid carrier is recycled construction solid waste, which includes recycled aggregates of construction waste and industrial solid waste that have been harmlessly treated.

7. The high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water-absorbing expansion body comprises 30-40 wt% of montmorillonite, 3-4 wt% of a water-retaining agent and 15-20 wt% of a bio-glue.

8. The high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The water-absorbing swelling body further comprises 5-6 wt % of slow-release compound fertilizer and 5-10 wt % of natural organic water-absorbing material, wherein the natural organic water-absorbing material is selected from at least one of loofah sponge, cotton fiber or coconut shell fiber.

9. A construction method for a high and steep slope ecological restoration structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Clean up the gravel, tree roots and garbage that need to be handled within the slope range, and clean up from top to bottom to ensure that the slope surface is flat after cleaning; S2. According to the project requirements and site conditions, the hole positions of the soil nail anchor components are set out, and the holes are drilled, cleaned, and inspected according to the positioning; S3, connecting the anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules into a row through the tenon and mortise portions of the rigid carrier, with each four anti-slip and slope-stabilizing modules forming a group; S4. According to the construction drawings, insert the soil nail anchoring components at the bottom of each rigid bearing body into the corresponding holes and perform grouting. S5. Repeat S3-S4 until the assembled width of multiple rows of slope stabilization base units reaches the required width of the slope; S6. Spray the ecological base material layer on the steep rock slopes.

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