Construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a construction method which comprises the following steps: constructing an enclosure which comprises a supporting beam and an enclosure wall, synchronously constructing a bearing platform of a layer of structural slab, and excavating earth on a ground beam; constructing a bottom plate structure of the basement on the inner side of the enclosure area, and synchronously constructing a brick blank film of a layer of structural plate and a cushion layer of a layer of structural plate on the outer side of the enclosure area; the supporting beams are dismantled; side walls of the basement and a top plate of the basement are constructed, the areas among the side walls, the top plate and the enclosure walls are encircled to form a fertilizer groove, and a backfill hole is reserved in the top plate; backfill soil is poured into the fertilizer grooves through the backfill holes and compacted in a layered mode; blocking the backfill hole; according to the construction method, construction of a layer of structural slab and the basement can be conducted synchronously, a scaffold can be erected for upper structure construction after the basement top plate is completed, and the construction period is greatly shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a construction method. Background Art

[0002] For the construction of the basement top plate, the first layer of structural plate without basement and its connecting span, the traditional construction method process is as follows: enclosure construction; basement bottom plate structure construction; basement side wall and basement top plate construction (reserved dowel bars for the beam plate of the connecting span); formwork removal; basement side wall waterproofing and waterproof protective layer construction; backfill soil construction on the outside of the side wall; first layer of structural plate brick membrane and cushion construction (including pile foundation inspection); first layer of structural plate construction; side wall scaffolding erection (for upper structure construction). That is, the traditional construction method requires the construction of the basement first, then the connecting span, and finally the implementation of a layer of structural plate.

[0003] Among them, the side wall maintenance takes 5 days (usually 3-7 days), the side wall formwork removal takes 1 day, the side wall screw cutting and mud repair takes 1 day, the side wall waterproofing construction takes 2 days, the structural slab foundation excavation, cushion layer, brick membrane and pile foundation inspection (synchronous waterproof protection layer and backfill soil) takes 7 days, and the first layer of structural slab steel bar binding and concrete pouring takes 7 days, with a total construction period of 23 calendar days. Therefore, this traditional construction method of connecting the basement top slab with the first layer of structural slab has the defect of a long construction period and cannot meet the requirements of a tight construction period. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a construction method, which specifically relates to a construction method for a basement roof, a first structural plate and a connecting span therebetween. The construction of a first structural plate and a basement can be carried out simultaneously, and after the basement roof is completed, a scaffolding can be erected to carry out superstructure construction, which greatly shortens the construction period.

[0005] The technical solution to solve the problem of the present invention is to provide a construction method, comprising the following steps: S1. Construct enclosures on the outer edge of the foundation pit of the basement, and construct a cap for a layer of structural slabs and excavate the ground beams in the first-layer construction area; the enclosures include horizontal support beams for resisting the lateral pressure of the foundation pit, and vertical enclosure walls connected to the support beams; the first-layer construction area is located on the side of the enclosure wall away from the center of the foundation pit; S2. Construction of the basement floor at the bottom of the foundation pit; simultaneous construction of a layer of brick membrane of the structural plate, and construction of a cushion layer of the structural plate below the brick membrane; S3. Removing the support beam in step S1; S4. Construct the side walls of the basement, the top plate of the basement and the first layer of structural plates; the side wall is arranged on the side of the enclosure wall close to the center of the foundation pit, and there is a gap between the side wall and the enclosure wall; the top plate and the first layer of structural plates are both cast by concrete, the part cast above the foundation pit forms the top plate, and the part cast in the first layer of construction area according to the shape defined by the brick membrane forms the first layer of structural plates; the area enclosed by the side wall, the enclosure wall and the top plate forms a fertilizer trough for filling soil, and a backfill hole is provided on the top plate, and the backfill hole is located above the fertilizer trough; S5. Pour the backfill soil into the fertilizer trough through the backfill hole and compact it layer by layer to form a connecting span; S6. Seal the backfill hole.

[0006] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: in the step S4, the following steps are further included: Before constructing the side walls of the basement, the top slab of the basement and the first-layer structural slab, a load-bearing frame is set up in the manure trough to bear the weight of concrete pouring when constructing the top slab and the load of other construction equipment and personnel, and a template for forming the top slab and the side walls is constructed in the manure trough.

[0007] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: in the step S4, the following steps are further included: After the side walls of the basement, the top slab of the basement and the first-floor structural slab are constructed, the formwork is removed.

[0008] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: the template is taken out through the backfill hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: in the step S5, the following steps are further included: Before pouring the backfill soil into the fertilizer tank through the backfill hole and compacting it in layers, a waterproof layer and a protective layer for protecting the waterproof layer are constructed on one side of the side wall close to the retaining wall.

[0010] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: the retaining wall includes a pile body portion, the pile body portion includes a plurality of closely arranged bored cast-in-place piles, and a surrounding beam arranged above the bored cast-in-place piles and connected thereto, and the plurality of bored cast-in-place piles are arranged in sequence around the outer edge of the foundation pit.

[0011] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: the retaining wall also includes a retaining wall for preventing soil and groundwater from entering the foundation pit, the retaining wall is arranged above the pile body and connected to the surrounding beam, and its top is abutted against the top plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: the enclosure also includes a water-stop curtain arranged on the side of the pile body away from the center of the foundation pit.

[0013] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: a support belt is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer trough, one end of the support belt is connected to the bottom plate, and the other end is connected to the surrounding wall.

[0014] Furthermore, the construction method provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: the number of the backfill holes is at least two, and at least two of the backfill holes are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the side wall.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Compared with the traditional construction method, which is extremely time-consuming because the basement, the connecting span and the first layer of structural slab are constructed in sequence, the present invention greatly breaks through the time and space limitations of the traditional process by constructing the basement and the first layer of structural slab simultaneously, and then uses the reserved backfill hole to backfill to construct the connecting span, thereby shortening the originally long construction period.

[0016] 2. Since the traditional construction method requires that the scaffolding be erected only after the construction of the last layer of structural slab is completed in order to carry out the upper structure construction, the present invention completes the construction of the basement top slab and the first layer of structural slab in step S4, that is, the scaffolding can be erected after step S4, which can greatly facilitate the upper structure construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and are used together with the description to explain the principles of the present invention. In these drawings, similar reference numerals are used to represent similar elements. The drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic plan view of a basement from a first perspective of the present invention; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a basement of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic plan view of the basement of the present invention from a second perspective.

[0019] In the figure: 1. Foundation pit; 2. First floor construction area; 3. Enclosure; 31. Support beam; 32. Enclosure wall; 321. Bored piles; 322. Surrounding beam; 323. Retaining wall; 33. Water-stop curtain; 4. Bottom plate; 41. Bottom plate body; 42. Bottom plate cushion; 5. Side wall; 6. Top plate; 61. Backfill hole; 7. First floor structural plate; 71. Structural plate cushion; 8. Fertilizer trough; 81. Support belt; 9. Connecting span. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention provides a construction method, specifically a construction method for a basement top plate 6, a first-floor structural plate 7 without a basement, and a connecting span 9 therebetween. Figures 1 to 3 In a building with a partial basement, when the basement top plate 6 and the first floor structural plate 7 without a basement are adjacent and located at the same design elevation, due to the different foundation conditions of the two, a specially reinforced transition section (i.e., connecting span 9) should be set at the intersection of the two structures to prevent cracking or sinking. The construction method comprises the following steps: S1. According to the drawings, a foundation pit 1 for the construction of the basement is set up, and a retaining wall 3 is constructed around the outer edge of the foundation pit 1. The retaining wall 3 includes a horizontal support beam 31 for resisting the lateral pressure of the foundation pit 1, and a vertical retaining wall 32 connected to the support beam 31; on the side of the retaining wall 32 away from the center of the foundation pit 1 (the center of the foundation pit 1 means the geometric center of the foundation pit 1) (with the center of the foundation pit 1 as the center of the foundation pit 1). Figure 2 Taking the direction shown as an example, i.e. the right side of the retaining wall 32), a construction area 2 for constructing a layer of structural slab 7 is set, a cap (not shown in the figure) of a layer of structural slab 7 is simultaneously constructed in the construction area 2, and the ground beam excavation is carried out; S2. Construct the basement floor 4 at the bottom of the foundation pit 1, the floor 4 includes a floor body 41 and a floor cushion layer 42 provided below the floor body 41; construct a layer of brick membrane of the structural plate 7 (not shown in the figure) around the outer edge of the cap to provide a template for the formation of the layer of structural plate 7, and construct a structural plate cushion layer 71 (including pile foundation testing) below the brick membrane; S3. Removal of the support beam 31 in step S1 to leave space for construction of the top plate 6; S4. Construct the side wall 5 of the basement, the top plate 6 of the basement and a first-layer structural plate 7; the side wall 5 is arranged on the side of the enclosure wall 32 close to the center of the foundation pit 1, and there is a gap between the side wall 5 and the enclosure wall 32; the top plate 6 and the first-layer structural plate 7 are both cast by concrete, wherein the part cast above the foundation pit 1 forms the above-mentioned top plate 6, and the part cast in the first-layer construction area 2 according to the shape defined by the brick membrane forms the above-mentioned first-layer structural plate 7; the area enclosed by the side wall 5, the enclosure wall 32 and the top plate 6 forms a fertilizer trough 8 for filling soil, and a backfill hole 61 is provided on the top plate 6, and the backfill hole 61 is located above the fertilizer trough 8; S5. The backfill soil is poured into the fertilizer trough 8 through the backfill hole 61 and compacted in layers to form a connecting span 9; S6. Seal and backfill the hole 61.

[0022] The traditional construction method requires the construction of each structure of the basement, the connecting span 9 and the first layer of structural panels 7 in sequence, which has a long construction period. The present invention adopts reverse thinking and reserves a backfill hole 61 above the fertilizer trough 8. In the later stage of construction, the connecting span 9 is formed by pouring backfill soil from the backfill hole 61. It is not necessary to construct from bottom to top according to the traditional construction method, that is, the connecting span 9 located underground must be built before the first layer of structural panels 7 located on the ground can be built. Therefore, the basement and the first layer of structural panels 7 can be constructed simultaneously, breaking through the time and space limitations of the traditional process and greatly shortening the originally long construction period. In addition, since the traditional construction method can only carry out scaffolding erection after the construction of the last layer of structural panels 7 is completed to carry out the upper structure construction, the present invention completes the construction of the top plate 6 and the first layer of structural panels 7 in step S4, that is, the upper structure scaffolding can be erected after step S4, which greatly facilitates the upper structure construction.

[0023] In step S1, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the retaining wall 32 includes a pile body, which includes a plurality of closely arranged φ800mm bored piles 321, and a 1100mm*700mm surrounding beam 322 disposed above and connected to the bored piles 321. The bored piles 321 are arranged in sequence around the outer edge of the foundation pit 1, and the surrounding beam 322 further forms the plurality of brick hole bored piles into a whole, which can increase the stability of the retaining wall 32. Figure 2 As shown, the retaining wall 32 also includes a retaining wall 323 for preventing soil and groundwater from entering the foundation pit 1. The retaining wall 323 is preferably a brick retaining wall 323, which is arranged above the pile body, and its bottom is connected to the surrounding beam 322, and its top is connected to the top plate 6. In addition, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the supporting beam 31 preferably has a size of 800mm*700mm, and is also connected to the enclosure wall 32 through the surrounding beam 322. Thus, the surrounding beam 322 connects the various parts of the enclosure 3 together, thereby forming a stable and closed support system.

[0024] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, the enclosure 3 also includes a pile body portion located away from the center of the foundation pit 1 (with Figure 2 The water-stop curtain 33 in the direction shown in the figure, i.e. the right side of the pile body, is used to prevent leakage in the basement and ensure a dry construction environment.

[0025] In order to further increase the stability of the retaining wall 32, as Figure 2 As shown, a support belt 81 is also provided at the bottom of the fertilizer tank 8, one end of the support belt 81 is connected to the bottom plate body 41, and the other end is connected to the bored pile 321. The support belt 81 includes a support portion formed of C30 plain concrete and an isolation portion for isolating the support portion from the bottom plate 4, and the isolation portion can be a fiberboard or a two-layer oil felt.

[0026] In step S4, the following steps are also included: Before constructing the side walls 5 of the basement, the top slab 6 of the basement and a first-layer structural slab 7, a load-bearing frame (not shown in the figure) is set up in the fertilizer trough 8. The load-bearing frame is preferably a scaffolding constructed by steel pipes with the surrounding beam 322 and / or the supporting belt 81 as fulcrums, which is used to bear the weight of concrete pouring when constructing the top slab 6 and the load of other construction equipment and personnel; and a formwork (not shown in the figure) for casting and forming the top slab 6 and the side walls 5 is constructed in the fertilizer trough 8. The formwork can be a wooden formwork or a steel formwork. The formwork for forming the top slab 6 is laid on the top of the load-bearing frame, and the formwork for forming the side wall 5 is installed along the designed position of the side wall 5.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S4, the following steps are also included: After the construction of the side wall 5 of the basement, the top plate 6 of the basement and the first structural plate 7 is completed, the above-mentioned template is removed. The removed template is taken out through the backfill hole 61 to leave the foundation pit 1.

[0028] In step S4, Figure 3 As shown, the number of the backfill holes 61 is at least two, and at least two backfill holes 61 are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the side wall 5 .

[0029] In step S5, the following steps are also included: Before pouring the backfill soil into the fertilizer trough 8 through the backfill hole 61 and compacting it in layers, a waterproof layer and a protective layer for protecting the waterproof layer are constructed on the side of the side wall 5 close to the retaining wall 32. The waterproof layer is preferably formed by a waterproof coating with a thickness of not less than 2 mm. The protective layer is arranged on the side of the waterproof layer away from the side wall 5, and is preferably an extruded board with a thickness of not less than 30 mm.

[0030] The contents described above may be implemented individually or in combination in various ways, and these variations are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the elements.

[0032] In the description of the invention, it is also necessary to explain that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the invention. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise specified, "several" means two or more.

[0033] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred implementation modes, and it cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Constructing a retaining wall (3) on the outer edge of the foundation pit (1) of the basement, and constructing a cap of a structural slab and excavating the ground beam in the first-floor construction area (2); the retaining wall (3) comprises a horizontal support beam (31) for resisting the lateral pressure of the foundation pit (1), and a vertical retaining wall (32) connected to the support beam (31); the first-floor construction area (2) is located on a side of the retaining wall (32) away from the center of the foundation pit (1); S2. constructing the basement floor (4) at the bottom of the foundation pit (1); constructing the brick membrane of the layer of structural plate (7) around the outer edge of the cap simultaneously, and constructing the structural plate cushion layer (71) under the brick membrane; S3. removing the support beam (31) in step S1; S4. Construct the side walls (5) of the basement, the top plate (6) of the basement and the first layer of structural plates (7); the side wall (5) is arranged on one side of the enclosure wall (32) close to the center of the foundation pit (1), and there is a gap between the side wall (5) and the enclosure wall (32); the top plate (6) and the first layer of structural plates (7) are both cast by concrete, the portion cast above the foundation pit (1) forms the top plate (6), and the portion cast in the first layer of construction area (2) according to the shape defined by the brick membrane forms the first layer of structural plates (7); the area enclosed by the side wall (5), the enclosure wall (32) and the top plate (6) forms a fertilizer trough (8) for filling soil, and a backfill hole (61) is provided on the top plate (6), and the backfill hole (61) is located above the fertilizer trough (8); S5. Pour the backfill soil into the fertilizer trough (8) through the backfill hole (61) and compact it layer by layer to form a connecting span (9); S6. Seal the backfill hole (61).

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, the following steps are also included: Before constructing the side walls (5) of the basement, the top slab (6) of the basement, and the first-layer structural slab (7), a load-bearing frame is set up in the manure trough (8) to bear the weight of concrete pouring when constructing the top slab (6) and the load of other construction equipment and personnel, and a formwork for forming the top slab (6) and the side walls (5) is constructed in the manure trough (8).

3. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S4, the following steps are also included: After the side walls (5) of the basement, the top slab (6) of the basement and the first-floor structural slab (7) are constructed, the formwork is removed.

4. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The template is taken out through the backfill hole (61).

5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, the following steps are also included: Before the backfill soil is poured into the fertilizer tank (8) through the backfill hole (61) and compacted in layers, a waterproof layer and a protective layer for protecting the waterproof layer are constructed on the side of the side wall (5) close to the retaining wall (32).

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retaining wall (32) comprises a pile body, the pile body comprising a plurality of closely arranged bored cast-in-place piles (321), and a surrounding beam (322) disposed above and connected to the bored cast-in-place piles (321), the plurality of bored cast-in-place piles (321) being arranged in sequence around the outer edge of the foundation pit (1).

7. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The retaining wall (32) further comprises a retaining wall (323) for preventing soil and groundwater from entering the foundation pit (1); the retaining wall (323) is arranged above the pile body, and its bottom is connected to the surrounding beam (322), and its top is connected to the top plate (6).

8. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The enclosure (3) further comprises a water-stop curtain (33) arranged on a side of the pile body away from the center of the foundation pit (1).

9. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support belt (81) is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer trough (8); one end of the support belt (81) is connected to the bottom plate (4), and the other end is connected to the enclosure wall (32).

10. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the backfill holes (61) is at least two, and at least two of the backfill holes (61) are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the side wall (5).

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