Rotary percussion screw drill

Abstract

The invention discloses a rotary percussion screw drilling tool, and relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling equipment, the drilling tool is more durable and reliable in high impact and high wear environment through magnetorheological fluid self-adaptive buffering, air curtain isolation and real-time ultrasonic monitoring, and a controllable electromagnetic coil adjusts the viscosity of magnetorheological fluid and buffers the impact of a valve core in real time; upper and lower air injection holes of the middle slip ring are matched with the air chamber to form an air curtain isolation layer to block silt; the limiting ring is made of piezoelectric materials and communicates with a control system, valve element abrasion is dynamically detected, an alarm is automatically given out, downhole faults are avoided, maintenance cost is reduced, the middle sliding ring is made of hard alloy to improve abrasion resistance, impact loads are dispersed easily through the bevel angle design of the bottom end of the connecting ring, particle discharging is accelerated, and therefore it is guaranteed that downhole operation is safe and efficient, and the service life is prolonged. The rotary percussion screw drill can be widely applied to petroleum and natural gas downhole operation, and a reliable rotary percussion screw drill solution is provided for extreme environments such as deep wells and high-temperature and high-pressure wells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling equipment, in particular to a rotary impact screw drilling tool. Background Art

[0002] In oil and gas drilling operations, screw drill bits, as downhole power tools, can convert ground power into rotation and impact force downhole, thereby efficiently crushing rocks. However, due to the complex environment of the downhole formation (high pressure, high temperature, high sand content, etc.), the screw drill bits often suffer from excessive wear, jamming, or even damage due to excessive impact or untimely pressure relief. To solve such problems, there have been a number of improved designs in the prior art, but there are still certain limitations.

[0003] The specification of Chinese invention patent CN118911592B discloses a screw drill with a multifunctional bypass valve. Through the combined action of a movable valve core and a hydraulic valve, the screw drill can automatically determine and adjust its environment, reduce the types of faults that are difficult to detect, and improve the problem of insufficient remedial and loss prevention measures to a certain extent. However, the patent mainly adopts a passive adjustment method of a mechanical hydraulic valve and a telescopic valve plug, and still has deficiencies in real-time monitoring of valve core wear, buffering impact strength, and isolating sand-containing high-pressure drilling fluid. It is easy to cause valve core wear loss control under high impact or variable downhole conditions.

[0004] The specification of Chinese invention patent CN113982512B discloses a pressure relief method and device for a screw drill bypass valve, which adjusts the connection between the first guide chamber and the pressure relief hole by changing the position of the piston body in the pressure relief chamber. When the drilling fluid flow rate exceeds the preset value, the high-pressure drilling fluid is ejected from the pressure relief hole, reducing the flow and pressure entering the motor assembly and reducing the risk of motor overload. Although this design can automatically relieve pressure according to the drilling fluid flow rate to avoid motor damage, it mainly focuses on the rapid pressure relief function. It lacks a systematic solution for the adaptive damping buffering, impurity isolation, anti-wear monitoring and other aspects of the valve core in a continuous erosion environment, and does not provide special protection design for the long-term wear problem of the valve core in high sandstone layers or corrosive fluid environments.

[0005] The above design does improve the pressure relief and fault protection capabilities of the screw drill to a certain extent through passive valve core adjustment or piston position change, but there are still certain limitations, such as the inability to quickly adjust the damping according to the real-time impact force to protect the valve core in a strong impact environment, the lack of accurate monitoring and early warning of key wear parts of the screw drill, and the inability to provide reliable isolation protection for high sand content or corrosive fluid environments. Once the working conditions change drastically or the wear increases, the operator is often unable to take remedial measures in time, which can easily lead to interruption of downhole operations or even major damage. Based on this, the present invention proposes a new type of rotary impact screw drill that integrates magnetorheological adaptive buffering technology, air curtain isolation protection technology and real-time ultrasonic monitoring and feedback functions, aiming to improve the stability, safety and service life of the screw drill in extreme downhole environments. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a rotary percussion screw drill to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: a rotary punch screw drill comprises a shell, an upper slip ring is slidably connected in the shell, a middle slip ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the upper slip ring, a lower slip ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the middle slip ring, a monitoring and adjusting ring is fixedly connected to the top end of the upper slip ring, a connecting ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lower slip ring, a reset spring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting ring, a plurality of through holes 1 are provided at the outer end of the middle slip ring located in the middle of its top and bottom ends, a through hole 2 corresponding to the through holes 1 is provided on the shell, outer grooves are provided at the outer ends of the upper slip ring and the lower slip ring, inner grooves matching the outer grooves are provided at positions of the inner wall of the shell corresponding to the outer grooves on the upper slip ring and the lower slip ring, magnetorheological fluid is filled on the outer grooves and the inner grooves, air chambers are respectively provided at positions near the top and bottom ends of the middle slip ring, a plurality of air supply holes are provided on the shell, the plurality of air supply holes are connected to the air chambers, and coils are provided at positions on the shell corresponding to the inner grooves.

[0008] An upper limit ring and a lower limit ring are fixedly connected to the top and bottom ends of the shell respectively. The upper limit ring is used to limit the upward position of the monitoring and adjusting ring, and the lower limit ring is used to limit the downward position of the connecting ring.

[0009] A guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting ring near its center, the outer wall of the guide sleeve is slidably connected to the reset spring, the bottom end of the reset spring abuts against the top end of the lower limit ring, and the outer wall of the guide sleeve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower limit ring.

[0010] Grooves are provided at positions on the shell corresponding to the air chambers, and the grooves are connected to the air supply holes, and the air chambers are connected to the grooves through a plurality of through holes.

[0011] The middle sliding ring is provided with upper jet holes and lower jet holes corresponding to the through holes one by one, the upper jet holes and the lower jet holes are symmetrically arranged up and down, and both the upper jet holes and the lower jet holes are connected with the air chamber.

[0012] The upper jet hole and the lower jet hole are arranged close to each other at one end away from the air chamber, and the ends of the upper jet hole and the lower jet hole close to the through hole are connected with the end of the through hole close to the axis direction of the middle slip ring.

[0013] The gas supply hole is connected with an external gas supply device, and the external gas supply device is used to provide high-pressure gas to the gas supply hole, and the high-pressure gas is air or an inert gas.

[0014] The diameter of through hole one is larger than that of through hole two, the axial directions of through hole one and through hole two are perpendicular to the axis of the middle slip ring, an oblique angle is provided at the bottom end of the connecting ring, the monitoring and adjusting ring is made of magnetostrictive material, and a coil for generating a magnetic field is provided at a position corresponding to the monitoring and adjusting ring on the shell.

[0015] The middle slip ring is made of hard alloy, the upper limit ring and the lower limit ring are both made of piezoelectric material, and the upper limit ring and the lower limit ring are both electrically connected to the external control system through wires.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] Firstly, the magnetorheological fluid adaptive buffer structure is used to enable the valve core to obtain real-time adjustable damping under different impact forces. When the impact force is large, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid is rapidly increased by increasing the coil current to reduce the strong collision between the valve core and the valve seat. When the impact force weakens, the current is reduced to reduce the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid and keep the valve core moving flexibly. This adaptive buffering method can significantly reduce valve core wear and impact noise while ensuring sufficient impact kinetic energy to break rocks, thereby extending the service life of the drill bit.

[0018] Secondly, by using the air curtain protection and isolation technology, high-pressure gas is sprayed into the drilling fluid flow through the jet holes distributed on the valve core, forming an air curtain surrounding the key area of ​​the valve core. The air curtain can effectively prevent the direct erosion of impurities such as mud and sand on the through hole and the valve core, while reducing the flow rate of the local drilling fluid and reducing the friction and erosion of the valve core surface. Especially in environments with high sand content or strong corrosiveness, this technology can greatly improve the protection efficiency of the valve core and avoid blockage and deposition.

[0019] Thirdly, by using piezoelectric materials in the upper limit ring and the lower limit ring and continuously and intermittently sending ultrasonic waves to each other, real-time detection of the internal structure and wear status of the valve core is achieved. Once the valve core or limit ring is worn or cracked, the reflection and refraction signals of the ultrasonic wave at the interface will change. The system converts these signals into electrical signals and transmits them to the control system. The control system can immediately identify the degree of wear, changes in the fit clearance between the valve core and the valve seat, etc. Once it approaches the preset threshold, the system will automatically adjust the working parameters such as drilling fluid flow and magnetorheological fluid viscosity, and send an alarm to the operator, greatly reducing downhole failures and safety risks.

[0020] In addition, improvements such as using cemented carbide materials on the middle sliding ring and designing a bevel at the bottom end of the connecting ring have further enhanced the overall wear resistance and impact resistance of the valve core. The high hardness and corrosion resistance of the cemented carbide material can effectively resist the long-term erosion of high-pressure drilling fluid and sand-containing fluid, and the bevel design helps to disperse the axial impact load and accelerate particle cleaning, thereby reducing accumulation and jamming.

[0021] At the same time, in order to achieve more precise adjustment and pressure relief functions, magnetostrictive materials are used in the monitoring and adjustment ring. By applying a magnetic field through the coil, the monitoring and adjustment ring can produce controllable deformation, thereby quickly changing the effective flow area of ​​the valve core when needed, and realizing automatic pressure relief or pressurization. Compared with traditional mechanical structures, this "active" adjustment method has faster response speed and higher precision, and complements the magnetorheological fluid buffer and air curtain isolation technology, greatly improving the flexibility and safety of underground operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is an overall exploded view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Middle AA section view;

[0026] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Middle BB section view;

[0027] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Middle CC section view;

[0028] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 4 Middle DD section view;

[0029] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 4 Middle EE section view;

[0030] Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 5 Middle FF section view;

[0031] Fig.10 It is the appearance structure diagram of the present invention.

[0032] Description of the symbols in the figure

[0033] 1. Shell; 2. Upper slip ring; 3. Middle slip ring; 4. Lower slip ring; 5. Monitoring and adjusting ring; 6. Connecting ring; 7. Reset spring; 8. Through hole 1; 9. Through hole 2; 10. Outer groove; 11. Inner groove; 12. Air chamber; 13. Air supply hole; 14. Upper limit ring; 15. Lower limit ring; 16. Guide sleeve; 17. Upper jet hole; 18. Lower jet hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It is to be noted that the concepts of directions “left”, “right”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “inside” and “outside” in the following schemes are all relative directions and will not be listed one by one here.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] In this embodiment, a rotary percussion screw drill includes a shell 1, and an upper slip ring 2, a middle slip ring 3 and a lower slip ring 4 are slidably connected in sequence along the axial direction inside the shell 1. The upper slip ring 2 and the middle slip ring 3, and the middle slip ring 3 and the lower slip ring 4 are all connected in a fixed manner so that the three can move axially as a whole. In order to realize the monitoring and adjustment functions at the top of the upper slip ring 2, a monitoring and adjustment ring 5 is fixedly connected to its top; and at the bottom end of the lower slip ring 4, a connecting ring 6 is fixedly connected, and a reset spring 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting ring 6 for providing a rebound force in the axial direction.

[0038] The outer end of the middle slip ring 3 is provided with a plurality of through holes 8 at the middle position between the top and the bottom. A through hole 2 9 is provided on the shell 1 corresponding to each through hole 8. The positions of the two are one-to-one corresponding, so that external fluid or gas can flow or exchange through the through hole 1 8 and the through hole 2 9. An outer groove 10 is provided at the outer ends of the upper slip ring 2 and the lower slip ring 4. At the same time, an inner groove 11 matching the outer groove 10 is also provided on the inner wall of the shell 1 corresponding to the position of the upper slip ring 2 and the lower slip ring 4. The outer groove 10 and the inner groove 11 are filled with magnetorheological fluid, and coils are installed at the positions corresponding to the inner groove 11 on the shell 1 to generate a controllable magnetic field, thereby affecting the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid.

[0039] In addition, in order to form an area for gas storage and circulation in the shell 1, the middle slip ring 3 is provided with air chambers 12 near its top and bottom, respectively. The shell 1 is provided with a plurality of air supply holes 13, which are connected with the air chambers 12, so that high-pressure gas can enter the air chambers 12. According to specific operation requirements, the shell 1 is fixedly installed with an upper limit ring 14 near the top, and a lower limit ring 15 near the bottom, so as to limit the axial movement of the monitoring and adjusting ring 5 and the connecting ring 6, so as to avoid the valve core assembly (composed of the upper slip ring 2, the middle slip ring 3, and the lower slip ring 6) from being damaged. The slip ring 4 and the monitoring and adjusting ring 5 together constitute excessive displacement or impact. At the same time, a guide sleeve 16 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting ring 6 near its center. The guide sleeve 16 and the outer wall of the reset spring 7 slide with each other. The bottom end of the reset spring 7 is against the top of the lower limit ring 15, and the outer wall of the guide sleeve 16 is slidably connected with the inner wall of the lower limit ring 15. In this way, the reset spring 7 can reciprocate smoothly in the lower limit ring 15 through the guide sleeve 16 after being impacted or compressed by external force, thereby ensuring the rebound reliability of the valve core assembly.

[0040] In addition, a groove is opened at a position corresponding to the air chamber 12 on the shell 1, and the groove is connected to the air supply hole 13. The air chamber 12 can form a fluid connection with the groove through multiple through holes. Through this structure, the distribution and flow of gas in the air chamber 12 can be further optimized, and more precise ventilation and pressure control can be achieved.

[0041] How it works

[0042] Initial connection and startup

[0043] When using the rotary screw drill described in this embodiment, first connect the top end of the shell 1 to the drill rod and dock the bottom end with the screw. Before starting, the control system will perform a self-inspection on the coil and the integral valve core assembly to ensure that the magnetorheological fluid buffer structure, the air chamber 12 and the air supply hole 13 are in a normal operating state.

[0044] Adaptive Buffering Process of Magnetorheological Fluid

[0045] When the drilling operation starts, the downhole high-pressure drilling fluid will impact the upper slip ring 2, the middle slip ring 3, the lower slip ring 4 and the monitoring and adjusting ring 5 through the bypass valve. The control system dynamically adjusts the current intensity of the coil at the corresponding inner groove 11 on the shell 1 according to the pre-set drilling parameters and the real-time data fed back by the sensor.

[0046] Ultrasonic detection of the position of the valve core assembly by the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15;

[0047] When the impact force is large, the valve core assembly moves downward, and the control system applies a higher current to the coil, causing the magnetic particles in the magnetorheological fluid to quickly form a chain structure under the action of a stronger magnetic field, thereby increasing the viscosity or yield stress of the magnetorheological fluid, thereby increasing the damping effect and reducing the strong collision between the valve core assembly and the valve seat.

[0048] When the impact force is relatively small, the valve core assembly moves upward, the system reduces the current of the coil, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid decreases, the fluidity increases, the resistance is reduced, and the valve core assembly is in a relatively flexible movement state.

[0049] Through this adaptive adjustment, precise impact buffering and protection can be achieved under different working conditions.

[0050] Gas injection and internal environment regulation

[0051] Under certain specific working conditions (such as when the underground mud content is high or special protection is required for the environment around the valve core), the air supply hole 13 will transport high-pressure gas to the air chamber 12. When the air chamber 12 cooperates with structures such as through hole 1 8 and through hole 2 9, a specific gas flow or gas protection layer can be formed around the valve core to isolate mud particles and reduce the high-speed erosion of the valve core assembly by the drilling fluid. For the basic functions realized in this embodiment, this step mainly provides an interface for subsequent further protection and optional technical means.

[0052] Limit and rebound control

[0053] The upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 respectively limit the highest and lowest axial movement positions of the monitoring and adjusting ring 5 and the connecting ring 6, which can effectively prevent the valve core assembly from excessive displacement. The guide sleeve 16 below the connecting ring 6 cooperates with the reset spring 7 to quickly reset the valve core assembly to the preset position after the impact, thereby ensuring the stability of the gap between the valve core and the valve seat and improving the continuity and reliability of the drilling tool operation.

[0054] Adaptive adjustment is achieved through the cooperation of the magnetorheological fluid and the coil in the groove 11 inside the shell 1 and the outer grooves 10 of the upper slip ring 2 and the lower slip ring 4. Under different downhole pressure and flow rate conditions, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid can be quickly changed to buffer the impact of the valve core component. This real-time and controllable damping effect greatly reduces the direct friction and collision between the valve core and the valve seat, and prolongs the service life of key components in the drilling tool such as the upper slip ring 2, the middle slip ring 3, the lower slip ring 4 and the monitoring and adjustment ring 5.

[0055] The air chamber 12 arranged on the middle slip ring 3 is connected to the multiple air supply holes 13 on the shell 1, and can be further matched with the groove, providing a good structural basis for subsequent gas injection isolation or pressure balance. Even in the basic application scenario of this embodiment, the air chamber 12 is also helpful to adjust the internal environmental pressure, reduce the impact of severe pressure fluctuations on the movement of the valve core, and improve the stability of the entire drilling tool.

[0056] The upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 limit the valve core assembly at the upper and lower limit positions to prevent the assembly from being damaged or failing due to excessive impact. The guide sleeve 16 at the bottom end of the connecting ring 6 is slidably connected to the reset spring 7, which effectively absorbs and evenly releases vibration and impact, ensuring that the valve core assembly can automatically and smoothly reset. This rebound mechanism can not only reduce the wear caused by repeated erosion of the drilling fluid, but also shorten the response time of the valve core to open or close again.

[0057] In summary, this embodiment achieves efficient protection and precise regulation of the valve core assembly by establishing a magnetorheological fluid buffer structure inside the shell 1, optional air supply of the air chamber 12, and cooperation between the through hole 1 8 and the through hole 2 9. It has good applicability and reliability in drilling projects, and can not only effectively extend the life of the drill bit, but also flexibly adjust the motion damping of the valve core and the surrounding flow field conditions according to different operating requirements. Compared with the traditional drilling bit structure, this embodiment significantly enhances the protection capability and adaptive performance, and improves the operating efficiency and safety.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] Based on the rotary percussion screw drill structure described in Example 1, this Example 2 further improves and perfects the middle slip ring 3, through hole 1 8, through hole 2 9 and the gas delivery system, as follows:

[0060] For each through hole 8 on the middle slip ring 3, an upper jet hole 17 and a lower jet hole 18 corresponding thereto are additionally provided. The upper jet hole 17 and the lower jet hole 18 are symmetrically arranged up and down along the axial direction on the middle slip ring 3 and are connected to the air chamber 12. In this way, a structure for simultaneously injecting gas from above and below is formed near the through hole 8.

[0061] The upper jet hole 17 and the lower jet hole 18 are arranged close to each other at the end away from the air chamber 12, and are connected at the end close to the through hole 8 and the end close to the axial direction of the middle slip ring 3. Through this close arrangement, the high-pressure gas can form a local high flow velocity area when approaching the through hole 8, which helps to establish a more concentrated airflow barrier around the through hole 8.

[0062] In this embodiment 2, the gas supply hole 13 is not only connected to the gas chamber 12, but also directly connected to an external gas supply device through a pipeline. The external gas supply device can provide high-pressure gas, usually air or inert gas (such as nitrogen, helium, etc.) to adapt to different downhole environments and operation requirements. At this time, the high-pressure gas enters the gas chamber 12 through the gas supply hole 13, and then flows to the upper jet hole 17 and the lower jet hole 18, and is finally sprayed to the vicinity of the through hole 8.

[0063] In order to optimize the flow of fluid and gas between through hole 1 8 and through hole 2 9, in this embodiment 2, the diameter of through hole 1 8 is set to be larger than the diameter of through hole 2 9, and the axial directions of through hole 1 8 and through hole 2 9 are kept perpendicular to the axis of the middle sliding ring 3. This design enables the gas to obtain a larger cross-sectional space to form a stable air curtain or airflow protection layer when it reaches through hole 1 8 through the upper jet hole 17 and the lower jet hole 18. At the same time, the relatively small diameter of through hole 2 9 can reduce the possibility of impurity intrusion or impact while ensuring sufficient flow capacity.

[0064] Based on the connecting ring 6 mentioned in Example 1, in this Example 2, the bottom end of the connecting ring 6 is designed to have an angled structure. This can effectively disperse the impact load from the fluid or rock debris below when the valve core assembly (composed of an upper sliding ring 2, a middle sliding ring 3, a lower sliding ring 4, and a monitoring and adjusting ring 5) moves downward or resets, thereby enhancing the overall stability and anti-erosion capability.

[0065] In this embodiment 2, the monitoring and adjusting ring 5 is preferably made of magnetostrictive material, and cooperates with the coil for generating a magnetic field arranged at the corresponding position on the shell 1, so as to further realize the detection and feedback of the deformation of the monitoring and adjusting ring 5. Different from the magnetorheological fluid mentioned in embodiment 1, the monitoring and adjusting ring 5 itself will produce tiny expansion and contraction changes under the magnetic field, and the control system can use this to finely monitor and adjust the dynamic parameters of the valve core assembly during operation.

[0066] How it works

[0067] On the basis of the working process of Example 1, this Example 2 mainly realizes the "air curtain protection isolation" around the through hole 1 8 by means of the newly added upper jet hole 17, the lower jet hole 18 and the corresponding high-pressure air supply system. At the same time, the angled structure at the bottom of the connecting ring 6 and the magnetostrictive function of the monitoring and adjusting ring 5 play a role in the vibration impact buffering and monitoring of the valve core assembly. The specific principles of the newly added key points are described below:

[0068] When the external gas supply equipment continuously supplies high-pressure gas to the gas supply hole 13, the gas flow first enters the gas chamber 12, and is respectively sprayed to the vicinity of the through hole 8 through the upper jet hole 17 and the lower jet hole 18, forming a continuous and high-speed air flow barrier at the edge of the through hole 8, which can not only prevent the drilling fluid containing particles such as mud and sand from directly eroding the through hole 8, but also reduce the flow velocity difference at the outlet of the through hole 8 by means of air flow disturbance, thereby preventing mud and sand deposition and aggravating wear. This "air curtain" can be flexibly adjusted according to the pressure and flow of the external gas source, thereby meeting the protection and cooling needs in various downhole environments.

[0069] Since in the present embodiment 2, the diameter of through hole 1 8 is slightly larger than that of through hole 2 9, the airflow can be fully diffused after entering through hole 1 8, so that the protective air curtain has a better coverage range. At the same time, the axis of through hole 1 8 and through hole 2 9 are perpendicular to the axis of the middle sliding ring 3. This design makes the flow path of drilling fluid and gas relatively simple, reduces flow dead corners and turbulent areas, and helps to improve the stability of the air curtain.

[0070] The bevel at the bottom end of the connecting ring 6 can disperse or deflect the frontal impact of the downhole medium on the valve core assembly when the drill bit rotates and the axial impact occurs. On the one hand, it reduces the concentrated impact along the axis of the valve core and extends the service life of components such as the return spring 7; on the other hand, it can also reduce the accumulation of mud and rock cuttings at the bottom end of the connecting ring 6, making it easier for the drilling fluid to circulate and flush away impurities.

[0071] By adding an upper jet hole 17 and a lower jet hole 18 to the middle slip ring 3, the high-pressure gas can form a more uniform and stable protective air curtain around the through hole 8, reducing the direct erosion of the through hole 8 and the valve core components (upper slip ring 2, middle slip ring 3, lower slip ring 4, monitoring and adjusting ring 5) by mud and impurities. Compared with the design without air curtain or single-sided airflow, this upper and lower symmetrical jet structure is more efficient in cutting off the sand-containing liquid flow.

[0072] The gas supply hole 13 is connected to the external gas supply equipment, allowing the use of different gas media (such as air, nitrogen, etc.) in different downhole environments, and flexibly controlling the gas pressure and flow according to the operation requirements. In this way, whether it is a high-temperature, high-pressure deep well environment or a special area containing corrosive gases, the protection and cooling requirements can be met by replacing or adjusting the gas supply medium.

[0073] The angled design at the bottom of the connecting ring 6 disperses the impact load from the wellbore, avoiding vertical impact on key components such as the return spring 7. In addition, the angle can also assist the drilling fluid in removing particulate matter and reduce the risk of deposition and jamming. Compared with Example 1, this improvement can significantly improve the erosion resistance and overall durability of the valve core assembly in an underground environment with frequent impacts.

[0074] In summary, the rotary percussion screw drill bit based on Example 1 not only adds the upper jet hole 17 and the lower jet hole 18 that can form the upper and lower symmetrical gas curtain in this Example 2, but also optimizes the size and axial layout of the through hole 1 8 and the through hole 2 9, and improves and upgrades the connecting ring 6 and the monitoring and adjusting ring 5. Through the comprehensive application of these new features, more complete protection measures, more flexible gas adjustment methods and more accurate valve core status monitoring methods can be provided in underground operations, thereby further extending the overall life of the drill bit, improving drilling efficiency and reducing operation risks.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] Compared with the structures and technical solutions described in Examples 1 and 2, this Example 3 focuses on further strengthening the material properties of the middle slip ring 3, the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15, and combines the aforementioned working principles to achieve higher wear resistance and more sensitive real-time ultrasonic monitoring functions.

[0077] In this embodiment 3, the middle sliding ring 3 is made of cemented carbide material. The high strength and high hardness characteristics of cemented carbide can significantly improve the wear resistance of the middle sliding ring 3 in high pressure, high temperature and sand-containing environments, and reduce the risk of valve core failure caused by downhole erosion and particle wear. At the same time, cemented carbide can also maintain a high dimensional stability in a frequent impact and vibration environment, thereby ensuring the long-term reliable operation of related structures such as through hole 1 8, through hole 2 9, upper jet hole 17 and lower jet hole 18.

[0078] Different from Examples 1 and 2 which only play a role of mechanical limiting and supporting, Example 3 further makes the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 made of piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material will generate electrical signals under the action of external force or vibration, and will also undergo slight deformation when voltage is applied. This not only expands the functions of the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15, but also enables them to convert the received ultrasonic signals into electrical signals and communicate with the external control system through wires under the vibration and collision environment during the drilling process.

[0079] The upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 are connected to the external control system through their own wires. When the drilling fluid impacts the valve core assembly (composed of the upper slip ring 2, the middle slip ring 3, the lower slip ring 4, and the monitoring and adjusting ring 5) and the upper and lower limit rings themselves, the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 will convert the corresponding ultrasonic or vibration signals into electrical signals through the piezoelectric effect and send them to the control system. The control system will judge the degree of wear and working status of the valve core assembly and the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 in real time based on the received signals.

[0080] In addition to the above new features, this embodiment 3 still retains the basic structure and functions described in embodiments 1 and 2, including but not limited to:

[0081] The housing 1 includes components such as an upper sliding ring 2 , a lower sliding ring 4 , a monitoring and adjusting ring 5 , and a connecting ring 6 , and magnetorheological fluid filled in the outer groove 10 and the inner groove 11 .

[0082] The air supply hole 13, the air chamber 12, the upper jet hole 17 and the lower jet hole 18 form an air curtain protection isolation system.

[0083] The bevel design of the bottom end of the connecting ring 6 and the sliding structure of the guide sleeve 16 and the return spring 7.

[0084] The through hole 1 8 and the through hole 2 9 are arranged perpendicular to the axis and the diameter of the through hole 1 8 is larger than that of the through hole 2 9 .

[0085] By using the middle sliding ring 3 made of cemented carbide, in combination with the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 made of piezoelectric material, the wear resistance, protection and monitoring functions of the entire rotary percussion screw drill are significantly improved.

[0086] Working process

[0087] Based on the basic working principles and processes of Examples 1 and 2, this Example 3 introduces higher-grade materials and more accurate real-time monitoring means. The overall working process can be divided into the following stages:

[0088] Start-up phase

[0089] Before use, the top of the shell 1 is docked with the drill rod, and the bottom end is connected to the screw. The control system performs self-inspection on each component, including the magnetorheological fluid buffer adaptive structure, the air curtain protection isolation technology, and the piezoelectric monitoring function newly added in this embodiment 3. At this time, the cemented carbide material of the middle slip ring 3 can withstand initial erosion during idling or trial operation; at the same time, the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 also begin to intermittently send ultrasonic signals to each other to detect whether there is any abnormality.

[0090] Drilling stage

[0091] Once the drill starts to rotate normally and impact and break the rock, the bypass valve assembly (upper slip ring 2, middle slip ring 3, lower slip ring 4, monitoring and adjusting ring 5) will be subjected to continuous scouring and pressure of the drilling fluid. At this time, the air curtain protection isolation technology will form a protective air curtain around the through hole 8 through the air supply hole 13, the air chamber 12, the upper jet hole 17, and the lower jet hole 18 to reduce the erosion of the cemented carbide middle slip ring 3 and other valve core components by mud and sand particles. If the impact is strong, the magnetorheological fluid will quickly increase viscosity under the high current applied by the coil to provide strong buffering; when the impact is weak, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid will decrease, allowing the valve core assembly to move flexibly.

[0092] At the same time, as piezoelectric material components, the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 will send the collected electrical signals to the external control system through wires every time there is impact, vibration or ultrasonic signal reflection during the drilling process. The control system can determine the wear or structural integrity of the upper slip ring 2, the middle slip ring 3, the lower slip ring 4, the monitoring and adjustment ring 5, the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 by analyzing the reflection and refraction characteristics of the ultrasonic signal.

[0093] Exception handling phase

[0094] When the ultrasonic signal analysis results fed back by the piezoelectric upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15 show that the valve core component or the limit ring is close to the set wear threshold, the control system will automatically adjust:

[0095] Appropriately reduce the drilling fluid flow rate or increase the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid to reduce valve core impact.

[0096] Adjust the air curtain pressure or flow rate to prevent sand particles from increasing the wear of the valve core components.

[0097] If the wear is serious, the control system will send an alarm to the operator, prompting him to stop the machine for maintenance or replace parts in time.

[0098] In addition, when it is necessary to quickly relieve or increase the pressure in response to changes in downhole pressure, the control coil causes the monitoring and adjusting ring 5 to deform, thereby changing the effective flow area of ​​the monitoring and adjusting ring 5, so that the bypass valve can be quickly switched to the pressure relief or pressure increase state. At this time, the hard alloy characteristics of the middle slip ring 3 can also well resist the strong impact caused by the opening and closing of the through hole 1 8 and the through hole 2 9.

[0099] Since the middle sliding ring 3 is made of cemented carbide, its high hardness and good corrosion resistance enable it to resist erosion and wear for a longer period of time in extreme underground operating environments, thereby extending the overall life of the valve core assembly and reducing downtime losses caused by frequent replacement of parts.

[0100] The piezoelectric material upper limit ring 14 and lower limit ring 15 realize more accurate ultrasonic monitoring

[0101] Compared with traditional metal limit rings, piezoelectric materials can directly convert ultrasonic, vibration or collision information into electrical signals, greatly improving the sensitivity and accuracy of detection. Combined with the algorithm analysis of the external control system, the wear status of the valve core assembly or any structural abnormalities can be grasped in real time, and corresponding countermeasures can be taken as soon as abnormal signs appear.

[0102] Based on the magnetorheological adaptive buffer of Example 1 and the air curtain protection isolation of Example 2, this Example 3 adds two major elements, namely cemented carbide and piezoelectric monitoring, to form a comprehensive system integrating "high strength, protection, and monitoring". Various impacts, wear and temperature changes in the underground environment can be monitored by the system and adjusted accordingly, which greatly improves the working efficiency and reliability of the drilling tools.

[0103] By utilizing the piezoelectric effect of the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15, the detection signal is transmitted to the control system in real time, which can avoid errors or delays caused by manual periodic shutdown measurements. At the same time, combined with the adjustment function of the magnetorheological fluid and the monitoring and adjustment ring 5, the system can automatically implement measures such as reducing flow, increasing viscosity, and optimizing the air curtain, realizing true online adaptive adjustment, reducing downhole risks, and ensuring the safety and efficiency of continuous drilling operations.

[0104] In summary, on the basis of realizing the functions possessed by Examples 1 and 2, Example 3 has further improved the wear resistance and real-time monitoring accuracy of the valve core assembly by upgrading the materials and structures of the middle slip ring 3, the upper limit ring 14 and the lower limit ring 15. It can help the operator to continuously grasp the status of the drilling tool in a complex downhole environment, and perform adaptive adjustment or maintenance in time according to the detected degree of wear or impact, thereby greatly enhancing the reliability, service life and operation safety of the drilling tool.

[0105] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and should all be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary screw drill, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell (1), wherein an upper slip ring (2) is slidably connected inside the shell (1), a middle slip ring (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the upper slip ring (2), a lower slip ring (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the middle slip ring (3), a monitoring and adjusting ring (5) is fixedly connected to the top end of the upper slip ring (2), a connecting ring (6) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lower slip ring (4), a reset spring (7) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting ring (6), a plurality of through holes (8) are provided at the outer end of the middle slip ring (3) at a position exactly between the top end and the bottom end thereof, a through hole (9) corresponding to each of the through holes (8) is provided on the shell (1), and the upper slip ring (2) is fixedly connected to the monitoring and adjusting ring (5), and the lower slip ring (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom end thereof. ) and the lower sliding ring (4) are provided with outer grooves (10); positions on the inner wall of the shell (1) corresponding to the outer grooves (10) on the upper sliding ring (2) and the lower sliding ring (4) are provided with inner grooves (11) matching the outer grooves (10); the outer grooves (10) and the inner grooves (11) are filled with magnetorheological fluid; positions on the middle sliding ring (3) close to the top and bottom of the middle sliding ring (3) are provided with air chambers (12), the shell (1) is provided with a plurality of air supply holes (13), the plurality of air supply holes (13) are connected to the air chambers (12), and positions on the shell (1) corresponding to the inner grooves (11) are provided with coils.

2. The rotary percussion screw drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) is fixedly connected to an upper limit ring (14) and a lower limit ring (15) near its top and bottom ends, respectively. The upper limit ring (14) is used to limit the upward position of the monitoring and adjusting ring (5), and the lower limit ring (15) is used to limit the downward position of the connecting ring (6).

3. The rotary percussion screw drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide sleeve (16) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting ring (6) near its center, the outer wall of the guide sleeve (16) is slidably connected to the return spring (7), the bottom end of the return spring (7) abuts against the top end of the lower limit ring (15), and the outer wall of the guide sleeve (16) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower limit ring (15).

4. The rotary percussion screw drill according to claim 3, characterized in that: The housing (1) is provided with grooves at positions corresponding to the air chamber (12), and the grooves are connected to the air supply holes (13), and the air chamber (12) is connected to the grooves via a plurality of through holes.

5. The rotary percussion screw drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The middle sliding ring (3) is provided with an upper jet hole (17) and a lower jet hole (18) which correspond to the through hole one (8) one by one. The upper jet hole (17) and the lower jet hole (18) are symmetrically arranged up and down. The upper jet hole (17) and the lower jet hole (18) are both connected to the air chamber (12).

6. The rotary percussion screw drill according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper jet hole (17) and the lower jet hole (18) are arranged close to each other at one end away from the air chamber (12), and the ends of the upper jet hole (17) and the lower jet hole (18) close to the through hole one (8) are connected to the ends of the through hole one (8) close to the axial direction of the middle sliding ring (3).

7. The rotary percussion screw drill according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gas supply hole (13) is connected to an external gas supply device, and the external gas supply device is used to provide high-pressure gas to the gas supply hole (13), and the high-pressure gas is air or an inert gas.

8. The rotary percussion screw drill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The diameter of the through hole one (8) is greater than the diameter of the through hole two (9); the axial directions of the through hole one (8) and the through hole two (9) are perpendicular to the axis of the middle slip ring (3); the bottom end of the connecting ring (6) is provided with an oblique angle; the monitoring and adjusting ring (5) is made of a magnetostrictive material; and a coil for generating a magnetic field is provided on the housing (1) at a position corresponding to the monitoring and adjusting ring (5).

9. The rotary percussion screw drill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The middle sliding ring (3) is made of hard alloy, the upper limit ring (14) and the lower limit ring (15) are both made of piezoelectric material, and the upper limit ring (14) and the lower limit ring (15) are both electrically connected to an external control system via a wire.

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