Diamond composite tooth for bidirectional rock breaking and hobbing cutter thereof

Abstract

A transverse convex ridge is arranged on the end face of a diamond polycrystalline layer of the two-way rock breaking diamond composite tooth in the radial direction, two inclined side faces are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the transverse convex ridge, two inclined end faces are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the transverse convex ridge, and each inclined end face comprises two wing-shaped small inclined faces which are symmetrically arranged. A plurality of tooth grooves are evenly formed in the outer side face of the hob cutter ring in the circumferential direction, diamond composite teeth are fixedly arranged in the tooth grooves in a sleeved mode, and the upper portions of composite pieces of the diamond composite teeth stretch out of the tooth grooves. The length direction of the transverse convex ridges is consistent with the tangential direction of the outer side surface of the cutter ring or the generatrix direction of the outer side surface of the cutter ring; the hob with two rock breaking capacities and rock breaking volumes can be formed by adjusting the mounting direction of the composite teeth, and composite tooth tips of two rock breaking structures do not need to be designed and manufactured, so that the equipment cost and the labor cost of the composite tooth tips are reduced, the production cost is favorably controlled, and the price of the hob is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunneling equipment, and in particular to a diamond composite tooth for bidirectional rock breaking and a hob thereof. Background Art

[0002] A shield machine is a type of engineering machinery used for tunnel excavation construction. It can complete construction processes such as excavation, support, and slag discharge and perform continuous operations. The shield machine mainly uses the full-section cutting disc at its front end to cut off the front soil, and then discharges the soil and slag through a screw conveyor installed at the bottom of the sealed chamber, thereby realizing tunnel excavation.

[0003] The cutter of the shield machine is a key component on the cutterhead of the shield machine. It is the teeth of the shield machine and is a high-priced consumable. It is mainly responsible for crushing rocks. Under the thrust and torque of the cutterhead of the shield machine, the cutter cuts a series of concentric circular grooves on the face of the tunnel. When the thrust exceeds the strength of the rock, the rock under the tip of the disc cutter is directly crushed, forming a crushing zone and radial cracks. With further pressure, when the distance between the cutters meets certain conditions, the cracks in the rock between adjacent cutters extend and penetrate each other, forming rock fragments and collapsing, completing the rock breaking process.

[0004] In the process of rock crushing by roller cutters, when encountering hard rock with high strength and good stability, the tooth tips on the roller cutters need to have strong cutting and rock breaking capabilities; when encountering soft rock with poor mechanical properties and easy plastic deformation, the tooth tips will be reduced in cutting and rock breaking capabilities, and the single rock breaking volume of the tooth tips will be increased to improve the rock breaking efficiency; therefore, at present, two tooth tips with different structures are usually designed to form two roller cutters with cutting and rock breaking capabilities to adapt to the rock breaking operations of soft rocks and hard rocks. The two tooth tips need to be specifically designed with two production lines, and the production and manufacturing of the tooth tips are completed through two structural designs and processes. The equipment cost and labor cost are high, which is not conducive to controlling the price of roller cutters (consumables). Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a bidirectional rock breaking diamond composite tooth and a hob thereof.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking, comprising a substrate and a polycrystalline layer arranged on the upper end of the substrate, the end face of the polycrystalline layer is provided with a transverse ridge in the radial direction, the outer end of the transverse ridge is provided with a certain distance from the outer side face of the diamond composite tooth, two inclined side faces are symmetrically provided on both sides of the transverse ridge, the lower end of the inclined side face is provided with a certain distance from the bottom face of the polycrystalline layer, two inclined end faces are symmetrically provided at both ends of the transverse ridge, the inclined end faces include two symmetrically arranged wing-shaped small inclined faces, a transition arc is provided between the wing-shaped small inclined faces and the inclined side faces, an oblique ridge is formed between the two wing-shaped small inclined faces, the two oblique ridges are connected to the two ends of the transverse ridge, and the oblique ridge and the transverse ridge are located in the same vertical plane.

[0007] Preferably, at least two ridge grooves are provided in the middle of the end face of the polycrystalline layer, which pass through the transverse ridge vertically. Both ends of the ridge groove extend outward to the upper part of the two inclined side surfaces. The upper port size of the ridge groove is larger than the size of the groove bottom, and a plurality of ridge teeth are formed between the ridge grooves.

[0008] Preferably, the height dimension of the ridge teeth increases step by step from one end of the transverse ridge to the other end.

[0009] Preferably, the transverse ridge has a curvature, and the curvature makes the ridge teeth in the middle higher than the ridge teeth on both sides, and the heights of the ridge teeth on both sides are the same.

[0010] Preferably, the angle between the two oblique side surfaces is α, 5≤α≤175°, and the angle between the two oblique ridges is β, 5≤β≤175°.

[0011] Preferably, the angle between the two wing-shaped small slopes is γ, 0≤γ≤175°.

[0012] Preferably, the surfaces of the transverse ridge and the oblique ridge are both arc-shaped surfaces, and the diameter of the transverse ridge is r, 0≤r≤40mm.

[0013] Preferably, the height of the inclined side surface is b, b≥1 mm, and the height of the wing-shaped small inclined surface is close to the height of the inclined side surface.

[0014] A roller cutter comprises the above-mentioned bidirectional diamond composite teeth for rock breaking and a cutter ring, the cutter ring is connected to a shield machine, a plurality of circular tooth grooves are evenly arranged on the outer side surface of the cutter ring along the circumferential direction, a diamond composite tooth is fixedly mounted in the tooth groove, a matrix of the diamond composite tooth is completely inserted in the tooth groove, an upper part of the polycrystalline layer of the diamond composite tooth extends out of the tooth groove, and a length direction of a transverse convex ridge is consistent with a tangent direction of the outer side surface of the cutter ring or a generatrix direction of the outer side surface of the cutter ring.

[0015] Preferably, the tooth grooves are arranged in an S-shape and staggered along the outer side surface of the knife ring to form a collaborative rock-breaking tooth structure of three-to-three groups. Each group of diamond composite teeth includes a main tooth and two auxiliary teeth distributed on both sides of the main tooth. The main teeth are located in the middle of the outer side surface of the knife ring, and the auxiliary teeth are located at the edge of the outer side surface of the knife ring. The diameter and exposed tooth height of the main teeth are both larger than those of the auxiliary teeth.

[0016] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention forms an oblique ridge rock-breaking structure through a symmetrically designed wing-shaped small inclined surface. The oblique ridge can disperse the overly concentrated load when breaking the rock, so that the diamond composite tooth can stably cut into the rock and gradually transition to the tooth top ridge for pressing. The tooth top ridge has a higher rock-breaking ability after structural optimization, and increases the pressing depth. This structure can achieve the diamond composite tooth to stably cut into the rock and gradually increase the rock-breaking depth when the roller cutter breaks the rock. It not only takes advantage of the wear resistance of diamond, but also solves the disadvantage of the fragility of diamond composite teeth through structural design. It is suitable for hard rock breaking operations with high efficiency and long life. The transverse ridges formed by the two oblique side surfaces can break the rock horizontally. Although this structure has a relatively weak rock-breaking ability, it has the advantage of a large single rock-breaking volume and is suitable for In the medium-soft rock breaking operation that does not require high pressure and cutting force, with the support of diamond composite teeth and laser cladding strengthening coating, the hob can achieve long-term high-efficiency cutting, which can greatly improve production efficiency, reduce the frequency of tool change, shorten the production cycle and save unit cost. This diamond composite tooth with bidirectional rock breaking function can achieve high-efficiency rock breaking of soft and hard rocks respectively, expand the application range of diamond composite teeth and increase service life.

[0017] (2) The present invention can form two types of cutters with different rock breaking capabilities and single rock breaking volumes by adjusting the installation direction of the diamond composite teeth. There is no need to specifically design two types of diamond composite teeth. Only one production line is needed to complete the processing and production of soft and hard rock cutters, which effectively reduces the equipment cost and labor cost of cutter manufacturing, helps reduce the price of cutters, and improves market competitiveness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is one of the structural diagrams of diamond composite teeth; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main structure; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A side view structural schematic diagram of; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure; Figure 5 This is the second structural diagram of the diamond composite tooth; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A side view structural schematic diagram of; Figure 7 This is the third structural diagram of the diamond composite tooth; Figure 8 This is the fourth structural diagram of the diamond composite tooth; Fig. 9 yes Figure 1 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the diamond composite teeth installed on the hob; Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 AA section structural diagram; Fig.11 yes Figure 1 The second structural diagram of the diamond composite teeth installed on the hob; Fig.12 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure in which the diamond composite teeth are installed on the hob; Fig.13 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure in which the diamond composite teeth are installed on the hob; Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the structure in which the tooth grooves on the cutter ring are arranged in an S shape and diamond composite teeth are installed.

[0019] In the figure, 1. diamond composite tooth, 11. matrix, 12. polycrystalline layer, 121. transverse ridge, 122. oblique side surface, 123. wing-shaped small inclined surface, 124. oblique ridge, 125. ridge groove, 126. ridge tooth, 21. knife ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Embodiment 1, see attached Figure 1-8 A diamond composite tooth for bidirectional rock breaking comprises a base body 11 and a composite sheet arranged at the upper end of the base body, the diameters of the base body 11 and the composite sheet are greater than or equal to 10 mm, a transverse ridge 121 is radially arranged on the end face of the composite sheet, two inclined side faces 122 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the transverse ridge, the rock breaking ability of the transverse ridge directly breaking the rock is weak, but the rock breaking volume is large, and it is used to cope with the cutting and breaking operation of medium-soft rock; two inclined end faces are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the transverse ridge 121, the inclined end faces include two symmetrically arranged wing-shaped small inclined faces 123, an oblique ridge 124 is formed between the two wing-shaped small inclined faces 123, the rock breaking structure of the oblique ridge 124 improves the impact resistance, and at the same time, the contact area with the rock surface at the moment of rock breaking is small, the rock breaking resistance is small, and the rock cutting and breaking ability is strong, and it is used to cope with the cutting and breaking operation of hard rock, and the oblique ridge 124 and the transverse ridge 121 are located in the same vertical plane.

[0021] At least two ridge grooves 125 are provided in the middle of the end face of the polycrystalline layer 12, which pass through the transverse ridge 121 vertically. A number of ridge teeth 126 are formed between the ridge grooves 125. The ridge teeth can reduce the pressing area of ​​the composite sheet and effectively utilize the thrust of the equipment. At the same time, they can increase the deformation space of the rock in the ridge groove 125 and provide storage space for rock fragments. The rock-breaking structure of the inclined ridge 124 with strong rock-breaking ability formed by the wing-shaped small slope 123 can further improve the efficiency of single-tooth secondary rock breaking. Combined with the high wear resistance of the diamond composite sheet, long-term and efficient rock breaking can be achieved.

[0022] The ridge teeth 126 are designed to have a height dimension that gradually increases from one end of the transverse ridge 121 to the other end, forming a stepped serrated cutting rock-breaking structure that gradually presses into the rock to increase the rock-breaking depth. The step-by-step pressing increases the rock-breaking depth and reduces the rock-breaking resistance, which can quickly achieve rock breaking. At the same time, it can reduce the wear and attenuation rate of the polycrystalline layer 12, and has better slag and chip holding and slag and chip removal functions, and is used to cope with hard rock cutting and rock-breaking operations.

[0023] The transverse ridge 121 is designed to have an arc, which makes the middle ridge teeth 126 higher than the ridge teeth 126 on both sides, forming an arc-shaped serrated structure on the upper part of the polycrystalline layer 12, which also has the performance of further reducing the rock breaking resistance, and has better slag and chip holding and slag and chip discharge functions, greatly improving the rock breaking efficiency.

[0024] The angle between the two inclined side surfaces 122 is α, 5≤α≤175°, the angle between the two inclined ridges 124 is β, 5≤β≤175°, the angle between the two wing-shaped small slopes 123 is γ, 0≤γ≤175°, the surfaces of the transverse ridge 121 and the oblique ridge 124 are both arc-shaped surfaces, the diameter of the transverse ridge 121 is r, 0≤r≤40mm, the height of the inclined side surface 122 is b, b≥1mm, and the height of the wing-shaped small slope 123 is close to the height of the inclined side surface 122.

[0025] The bidirectional rock-breaking diamond composite tooth 1 of this embodiment forms a rock-breaking structure of an oblique ridge 124 through a symmetrically designed wing-shaped small inclined surface 123. When the hob rolls and breaks the rock under heavy load, the oblique ridge 124 is pressed in first to initially suppress the rock breaking, and at the same time can disperse the overly concentrated load, so as to avoid the phenomenon of rapid failure caused by the fragmentation and collapse of the polycrystalline layer 12, and smoothly transition to the transverse ridge 121 for rock breaking, which can increase the pressing depth and rock breaking volume, improve the rock breaking efficiency, and thus achieve the purpose of efficient rock breaking and long service life of hard rock formations; when the transverse ridge 121 formed by the two oblique side surfaces 122 breaks the rock horizontally, the rock breaking ability is relatively weak due to the large contact area, but the volume of single rock breaking can be greatly increased, and the use effect is better for medium-soft rock breaking operations that do not require high pressing force and cutting force. This diamond composite tooth 1 with bidirectional rock breaking function can achieve efficient rock breaking of soft and hard rocks respectively, and greatly improve the application range and service life of the diamond composite tooth 1.

[0026] Embodiment 2, see attached Figure 9-14 A hob comprises a bidirectional rock-breaking diamond composite tooth 1 and a cutter ring 21 in the first embodiment, wherein a plurality of tooth grooves are evenly arranged on the outer side of the cutter ring along the circumferential direction, wherein the diamond composite tooth 1 is fixedly mounted in the tooth groove, and the upper part of the polycrystalline layer 12 of the diamond composite tooth 1 extends out of the tooth groove, The length direction of the transverse ridge 121 is consistent with the tangent direction of the outer side surface of the cutter ring 21 or the generatrix direction of the outer side surface of the cutter ring 21. When the length direction of the transverse ridge 121 of the polycrystalline layer 12 is consistent with the tangent direction of the outer side surface of the cutter ring 21, the symmetrically designed wing-shaped small slopes 123 on the polycrystalline layer 12 form an oblique ridge 124 rock-breaking structure with strong rock-breaking ability. At this time, the rock-cutting direction of the oblique ridge 124 is consistent with the rolling direction of the roller cutter, and the rock-cutting is achieved with the rolling of the roller cutter, which is used to deal with the rock-breaking operation of hard rocks; when the length direction of the transverse ridge 121 of the composite sheet is consistent with the generatrix direction of the outer side surface of the cutter ring 21, the transverse ridge 121 is directly opposite to the rolling direction of the roller cutter, and the entire transverse ridge 121 cuts into the rock, which will weaken the rock-breaking ability, but has the advantage of a large single rock-breaking volume. With the rolling of the roller cutter, large-volume and high-efficiency rock-cutting is achieved, which is used to deal with the rock-breaking operation of soft rocks.

[0027] The tooth grooves are arranged in an S-shape along the outer side of the cutter ring 21, forming a three-to-three group of coordinated rock-breaking tooth layout structure. Each group of diamond composite teeth 1 includes a main tooth and two auxiliary teeth distributed on both sides of the main tooth. The diameter and exposed tooth height of the main tooth are greater than those of the auxiliary teeth. Depending on the rock formation, the height difference between the main tooth and the auxiliary tooth is not greater than 3mm. The main rock-breaking teeth are mainly used to form the main cracks in the rock formation. The diameter of the main rock-breaking teeth is greater than or equal to 19mm to ensure sufficient compressive resistance. At the same time, the teeth are located in the middle of the width of the roller blade. The auxiliary teeth use special PDC teeth with relatively small diameters to reduce rock-breaking resistance and improve rock-breaking efficiency. At the same time, the two auxiliary teeth are on both sides of the blade width direction. On the basis of the main crack, the crack expansion is further extended in the width direction, forming complementary rock breaking with the adjacent rollers, mainly breaking rock with large area volume, greatly improving rock breaking efficiency, and thus improving the entire shield tunneling efficiency.

Claims

1. A diamond composite tooth for bidirectional rock breaking, comprising a matrix and a polycrystalline layer arranged on the upper end of the matrix, characterized in that: The end face of the polycrystalline layer is provided with a transverse ridge in the radial direction, two inclined side faces are symmetrically provided on both sides of the transverse ridge, and two inclined end faces are symmetrically provided at both ends of the transverse ridge. The inclined end faces include two symmetrically arranged wing-shaped small inclined faces, and an oblique ridge is formed between the two wing-shaped small inclined faces. The oblique ridge and the transverse ridge are located in the same vertical plane.

2. The bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized by: At least two ridge grooves perpendicularly passing through the transverse ridge are arranged in the middle of the end surface of the composite sheet, and a plurality of ridge teeth are formed between the ridge grooves.

3. The bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking according to claim 2 is characterized by: The height dimension of the ridge teeth increases step by step from one end of the transverse ridge to the other end.

4. The bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking according to claim 2 is characterized by: The transverse ridge has a curvature, and the curvature makes the ridge teeth in the middle higher than the ridge teeth on both sides.

5. The bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized by: The angle between the two oblique side surfaces is α, 5≤α≤175°, and the angle between the two oblique ridges is β, 5≤β≤175°.

6. The bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized by: The angle between the two wing-shaped small inclined surfaces is γ, 0≤γ≤175°.

7. The bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized by: The surfaces of the transverse ridge and the oblique ridge are both arc-shaped surfaces, and the diameter of the transverse ridge is r, 0≤r≤40mm.

8. The bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized by: The height of the inclined side surface is b, b≥1mm, and the height of the wing-shaped small inclined surface is close to the height of the inclined side surface.

9. A roller cutter, comprising a bidirectional diamond composite tooth for rock breaking according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The outer side surface of the knife ring is evenly provided with a plurality of tooth grooves along the circumferential direction, and a diamond composite tooth is fixedly mounted in the tooth groove. The upper part of the polycrystalline layer of the diamond composite tooth extends out of the tooth groove, and the length direction of the transverse ridge is consistent with the tangent direction of the outer side surface of the knife ring or the generatrix direction of the outer side surface of the knife ring.

10. A hob according to claim 9, characterized in that: The tooth grooves are arranged in an S-shape along the outer side of the cutter ring to form a coordinated rock-breaking tooth structure in groups of three. Each group of diamond composite teeth includes a main tooth and two auxiliary teeth distributed on both sides of the main tooth. The diameter and exposed tooth height of the main tooth are both larger than those of the auxiliary teeth.

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