Filling wall body used beside gob-side entry retaining and roof-contacted wind blocking method of filling wall body

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of gob-side entry retaining roadside supports, and particularly discloses a filling wall body used beside a gob-side entry retaining roadside and a roof-contacted wind blocking method thereof.The filling wall body comprises a filling net, filling bags, anchoring parts, rigid filling bodies and flexible filling bodies, the filling net is provided with a filling cavity, the filling bags are placed in the filling cavity, and the anchoring parts are arranged in the filling cavity; the interior of the filling bag is divided into an upper filling area and a lower filling area, the lower filling area is filled with the rigid filling body, and the upper filling area is filled with the flexible filling body which is formed by pouring foamed concrete. The method has enough strength to resist the influence of secondary mining dynamic pressure, and has certain contractibility to reduce the damage to the filling body when the basic roof is broken and sinks. The flexible filling body can effectively fill the gap between the irregular roof of the roadway and the goaf, a good sealing layer is formed, roof contact is tight, the goaf is sealed, harmful gas in the goaf is prevented from entering the roadway, and the ventilation condition of the roadway is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of gob-side tunnel retaining support, and in particular relates to a filling wall used for gob-side tunnel retaining and a top connection and wind blocking method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the process of comprehensive mechanized coal mining, gob-side tunneling technology is one of the key technologies to achieve green and efficient coal mining. With the increase in coal mining depth and mining intensity, traditional tunnel layout and maintenance methods face many challenges. Frequent excavation of new tunnels will lead to tight mining and digging succession, while increasing costs and coal pillar losses. In order to improve the recovery rate of coal resources and reduce the number of coal pillars, gob-side tunneling technology is particularly important, which can enable the adjacent working face mining tunnels to be reused.

[0003] The roadway behind the gob-side roadway needs to withstand the impact of mining. The roadway side filling body is the key part to maintain the stability of the roadway. The filling body plays an important role in supporting the roof pressure and isolating the goaf in the gob-side roadway. At present, the roadway side filling body is mainly rigid filling body and flexible filling body.

[0004] Rigid filling bodies lack elasticity and are difficult to adapt to special shapes. Therefore, in order to ensure close contact between the rigid filling body and the roof of the gob-side tunnel, the roof needs to be leveled. In addition, the rigid filling body cannot buffer and disperse stress by deformation. When the roof pressure is uneven or there is a large local pressure, stress concentration is likely to occur, which can easily cause damage to the rigid filling body itself.

[0005] Due to its own characteristics, the compressive strength of flexible filling bodies is generally lower than that of rigid filling bodies. In the case of deep mining or high ground pressure, it may be over-compressed because it cannot withstand the huge pressure of the upper rock layer, causing the roof to sink and deform, and unable to maintain the stability of the mining site. Moreover, its performance is significantly affected by external environmental factors. Temperature changes may cause changes in the physical properties of flexible filling materials, such as hardening or softening of materials, which in turn affects the stability after the roof is connected. Long-term exposure to a humid environment may cause chemical reactions in some materials and reduce their performance, making the roof connection effect worse.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need for a filling structure along the goaf that can effectively fill the gap between the irregular roof of the tunnel and the goaf to form a good sealing layer and has sufficient strength to resist the influence of secondary mining dynamic pressure. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a filling wall for use beside a gondola and a method for connecting the wall to the top and blocking the wind.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: a filling wall used for the side of a gob-retained tunnel, comprising a filling net, a filling bag, an anchor, a rigid filling body and a flexible filling body.

[0009] The filling net is composed of multiple meshes in a cylindrical structure, with a filling cavity, and is arranged in the gob-side tunnel. The filling bag is placed in the filling cavity, and the interior of the filling bag is divided into an upper filling area and a lower filling area from top to bottom. The rigid filling body is filled in the lower filling area. Multiple anchors are located in the lower filling area, and multiple anchors are evenly distributed on the filling bag. Each anchor is inserted into the rigid filling body and the two ends are respectively connected to two meshes. The anchor is used to anchor the rigid filling body. The flexible filling body is cast by foamed concrete and filled in the upper filling area.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a ladder beam, wherein there are multiple ladder beams, each ladder beam is vertically and evenly placed in the filling cavity, and the ladder beam is closely attached to the outside of the filling bag. By constraining the outside of the filling bag with the ladder beam, it can effectively avoid that when pouring the rigid filling body and the flexible filling body, the filling bag is severely deformed along with the poured material.

[0011] Furthermore, the anchors are distributed in a matrix in the lower filling area; the position of the ladder beam corresponds to the position of a vertical row of anchors, and the anchors in the vertical row are all penetrated on the ladder beam. The anchors are penetrated on the ladder beam and cooperate with the ladder beam to constrain the outside of the filling bag, which can enhance the bearing capacity and anti-lateral deformation ability of the filling wall.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between the anchors is 500 mm to 900 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the distance between the anchors in the top row and the top plate of the goaf-retained tunnel is 250mm~350mm; the distance between the anchors in the bottom row and the bottom plate of the goaf-retained tunnel is 250mm~350mm.

[0014] Furthermore, a hanging ring is provided on the top of the filling bag, and the hanging ring is hung on the top of the mesh. The hanging ring can not only be used to install the filling bag more conveniently, but also can ensure that the upper end of the filling bag will not slip when pouring the materials required for the rigid filling body and the flexible filling body in the later stage, so that the poured materials can flow out.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to more conveniently pour concrete, a pouring pipe is provided on the side wall of the filling bag located in the upper filling area, and the pouring pipe is used to be connected to an external pouring equipment.

[0016] Furthermore, the filling bag comprises a bag body and a tensioning rod embedded in the bag body, and the bag body is made of high-strength fiber cloth.

[0017] A roof connection and wind blocking method for the side of a gob-side tunnel retaining lane, using the filling wall to support the roof of the gob-side tunnel retaining lane, specifically comprising the following steps: The area to be filled in the tunnel along the empty tunnel is pre-treated, the mesh is set up to form a filling cavity, and then the filling bag is placed in the filling cavity.

[0018] Distribute the anchors evenly on the filling bag and connect both ends of the anchors to the mesh.

[0019] Fill the filling bag with the material required for the rigid filling body until the lower filling area is filled, and then fill the filling bag with the material required for the flexible filling body until the upper filling area is filled.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the "rigid + flexible" combined filling body provided by the present invention has sufficient strength to resist the impact of secondary mining dynamic pressure, and has a certain amount of shrinkage to reduce the damage to the filling body caused by the basic top breaking and sinking. At the same time, the flexible filling body can effectively fill the gap between the irregular top plate of the tunnel and the goaf by using the expansion characteristics of foamed concrete, forming a good sealing layer, tightly connecting the top, sealing the goaf, preventing harmful gases in the goaf from entering the tunnel, and improving the ventilation conditions of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filling bag of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a temporary support diagram of the filling area when the present invention is implemented; Figure 6 It is a process layout diagram of retaining lanes along the goaf when the present invention is implemented.

[0022] Among them, 1-mesh, 2-filling bag, 21-upper filling area, 211-lifting ring, 212-injection pipe, 22-lower filling area, 220-anchor hole, 3-anchor, 4-rigid filling body, 5-flexible filling body, 6-ladder beam, 100-goaf, 101-first drift, 102-second drift, 103-slag retaining net, 104-hydraulic support, 105-slag retaining support, 106-mold protection unit, 107-wooden point column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following is combined with Figure 1 To the attached Figure 6, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0024] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0025] Example like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The filling wall shown is used for the side of the gob-retaining tunnel, and comprises a filling net, a filling bag 2, an anchor 3, a rigid filling body 4 and a flexible filling body 5.

[0026] The filling net is composed of multiple meshes 1 in a cylindrical structure with a filling cavity, which is arranged in the gob-side tunnel. The meshes 1 are made of metal diamond mesh or polyester fiber mesh. The meshes 1 are assembled on-site during actual implementation, and the overlapping parts between the meshes 1 are not less than 100mm.

[0027] The filling bag 2 is placed in the filling cavity, and the interior of the filling bag 2 is divided into an upper filling area 21 and a lower filling area 22 from top to bottom.

[0028] The rigid filling body 4 is filled in the lower filling area 22, and there are multiple anchors 3 located in the lower filling area 22. Multiple anchors 3 are evenly distributed on the filling bag 2 and located in the lower filling area 22. Each anchor 3 is penetrated on the rigid filling body 4 and connected to two mesh sheets 1 at both ends. The anchors 3 are used to anchor the rigid filling body 4. Among them, the anchors 3 are metal rods with threads on the side walls at both ends. The width of the metal rod is 200 mm wider than the width of the filling cavity. The two ends of the metal rod are anchored on the mesh sheets 1 through washers and nuts.

[0029] The flexible filling body 5 is cast by foamed concrete and is filled in the upper filling area 21 , with the bottom thereof in contact with the top of the rigid filling body 4 .

[0030] Among them, the rigid filling body 4 is cast by ordinary concrete, which is specifically made of commercially available cement, sand, gravel, fly ash and water. The specific proportion is selectively added according to the on-site materials, and there is no special requirement. The flexible filling body 5 is made of foamed concrete, which is made of cement, foaming agent and water. It has good fluidity, expansibility and certain flexibility. Among them, the ratio of cement, foaming agent and water is 400:4-6:200. It should be noted that in actual implementation, a small amount of foam stabilizer can also be added to the foamed concrete. The volume of the foam stabilizer is 10%-30% of the volume of the foaming agent. The foam stabilizer can be a polymer, such as polyacrylamide.

[0031] Preferably, the height of the upper filling area 21 is , determined according to the following formula.

[0032] ,in, , , L represents the direct top fracture step distance, in m; b represents the filling body width, in m; c represents the tunnel width, in m; It represents the direct top rotation sinking amount, in m; Indicates the direct top thickness, in m; It represents the looseness coefficient of gangue, which is taken as 1.6; Indicates the mining height, in m; Reliability coefficient of the influence of dynamic pressure, 1~2; represents the safety factor of the wall, which is taken as 2; It represents the reduction coefficient of the filling wall strength, which is taken as 0.25; σ represents the final setting strength of the concrete material; It represents the resistance of tunnel side support, and its unit is MN / m.

[0033] Preferably, a ladder beam 6 is further included, and there are a plurality of ladder beams 6, each of which is vertically and evenly placed in the filling cavity, and the ladder beam 6 is closely attached to the outside of the filling bag 2. The ladder beam 6 constrains the outside of the filling bag 2, which can effectively prevent the filling bag 2 from being severely deformed along with the poured materials when the rigid filling body 4 and the flexible filling body 5 are poured.

[0034] Preferably, the anchors 3 are distributed in a matrix in the lower filling area 22; the position of the ladder beam 6 corresponds to the position of a vertical row of anchors 3, and the anchors 3 of the vertical row are all penetrated on the ladder beam 6. The anchors 3 are penetrated on the ladder beam 6 to cooperate with the ladder beam 6 to constrain the outside of the filling bag 2, which can enhance the bearing capacity and anti-lateral deformation ability of the filling wall.

[0035] Preferably, the distance between the anchors 3 is 500 mm to 900 mm. In this embodiment, the distance between the anchors 3 is 800 mm, that is, the plurality of anchors 3 are arranged in a matrix with a rod spacing of 800 mm*800 mm.

[0036] Preferably, the distance between the top row of anchors 3 and the top plate of the gob-retaining roadway is 250 mm to 350 mm; the distance between the bottom row of anchors 3 and the bottom plate of the gob-retaining roadway is 250 mm to 350 mm. In this embodiment, the distance between the top row of anchors 3 and the top plate of the gob-retaining roadway and the distance between the bottom row of anchors 3 and the bottom plate of the gob-retaining roadway are both 300 mm.

[0037] Preferably, Figure 4 As shown, a hanging ring 211 is provided on the top of the filling bag 2, and the hanging ring 211 is hung on the top of the mesh 1. The hanging ring 211 can not only be used to install the filling bag 2 more conveniently, but also can ensure that the upper end of the filling bag 2 will not slip when pouring the materials required for the rigid filling body 4 and the materials required for the flexible filling body 5 in the later stage, so that the poured materials can flow out.

[0038] Preferably, Figure 4 As shown, a pouring pipe 212 is provided on the side wall of the filling bag 2 located in the upper filling area 21, and the pouring pipe 212 is used to connect with an external pouring device. The pouring pipe 212 can be used to pour more conveniently.

[0039] Preferably, Figure 4 As shown, the side wall of the filling bag 2 located in the lower filling area 22 is provided with an anchor hole 220, and the anchor hole 220 is used for passing the anchor 3. The anchor hole 220 is preset on the filling bag 2, which avoids drilling holes on the filling bag 2 later and simplifies the on-site construction process. In addition, the hole position of the preset anchor hole 220 is fixed, which also avoids the problem of inaccurate position of the anchor 3 later.

[0040] Preferably, the filling bag 2 includes a bag body and a tie rod embedded inside the bag body, and the bag body is made of high-strength fiber cloth. The tie rod makes the bag body have a certain compressive strength, avoiding the problem of the material required for the internal rigid filling body 4 and the material required for the flexible filling body 5 bursting the bag body during pouring.

[0041] A method for connecting the roof and blocking the wind at the side of a gob-side tunnel retaining lane, using the filling wall proposed in this embodiment to support the roof of the gob-side tunnel retaining lane, specifically comprising the following steps: like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, after the production system of the working face is arranged and the first drift 101 and the second drift 102 are formed, the working face starts to be mined.

[0042] When the working face forms a certain filling step, the rock-blocking net 103 is laid on the roof in front of the 3rd to 4th frame of the end hydraulic support 104, and then the frame is moved. The temporary single hydraulic support is used in time to cooperate with the lifting shed to maintain the roof of the filling area behind the support. Two cross-arranged rock-blocking supports 105 are installed between the filling body and the goaf 100, supporting each other and 800mm away from the filling body.

[0043] Each filling team first cleans the bottom plate of the filling area to the hard bottom, installs a row of mold protection units 106 and wooden point columns 107 on the filling wall near the tunnel side, the wooden point columns 107 and the mold protection units 106 are arranged at intervals, and a row of wooden point columns 107 are installed near the goaf 100 to cooperate with the lifting shed to support the top plate of the filling area, and then erects the mesh 1 with an overlapping part of not less than 100mm, places the filling bag 2 in the filling cavity, places the ladder beam 6 in the filling bag 2, and penetrates the anchor 3 so that the anchor 3 is penetrated through the erection mesh 1, the ladder beam 6, and the filling bag 2, and anchors the two ends of the anchor 3 are anchored to the erection mesh 1.

[0044] The first concrete is poured into the filling bag 2 through the pouring pipe 212 until the lower filling area 22 is filled. The foamed concrete is poured into the filling bag 2 through the pouring pipe 212 until the upper filling area 21 is filled. The foamed concrete has micro-expansion performance and high fluidity. During the solidification process of the material, it can flow in a complex space like a liquid under a lower pressure, and it is easier to reach every corner of the top plate. At the same time, the expansion characteristics of the material can squeeze the surrounding space and better fill the gap between the top plate and the filling body, so that the filling body actively fills the gap in the top plate and improves the top connection effect.

[0045] 24 hours after the filling wall is filled, according to the roof conditions of the filling area, the wooden point columns 107 and part of the mold protection units 106 on one side of the tunnel can be withdrawn, while the wooden point columns 107 on the goaf area 100 of the filling wall do not need to be recovered.

[0046] Repeat the above steps until the working face of this section is mined.

[0047] It should be noted that due to the complex underground environment of coal mines, ventilation is essential for exhausting harmful gases such as gas and providing fresh air. The filling wall proposed in this embodiment can fully contact the top due to the flexible filling body 5 filled in the filling area 21 on it. Among them, the flexible filling body 5 of this embodiment adopts foamed concrete, which is a material with good fluidity and flexibility. It can effectively fill the gap between the irregular top plate of the tunnel and the goaf 100, forming a good sealing layer, preventing harmful gases such as gas and carbon monoxide in the goaf 100 from entering the tunnel, improving the ventilation conditions of the tunnel, and reducing safety risks such as gas explosions, thereby ensuring the life safety and normal working environment of underground workers and reducing the risk of accidents such as explosions and poisoning caused by ventilation problems. In addition, the closed pore structure inside the foamed concrete enables it to evenly disperse stress when under pressure. Its good elasticity and compressibility can absorb the energy generated during mining. When the surrounding rock of the tunnel is deformed to a certain extent, it adapts to the deformation of the surrounding rock through its own compression deformation, avoiding support failure caused by the uncoordinated deformation between the support structure and the surrounding rock, playing a good buffering role to improve the overall bearing capacity, reduce the sinking of the roof and the convergence of the two sides, prevent the deformation and collapse of the tunnel, and maintain the stability of the tunnel. During the construction process of leaving the tunnel along the air, there may be some gaps or holes. The good fluidity of the foamed cement can fill these gaps and holes, prevent the leakage of the grouting material, and ensure the integrity and stability of the support structure.

[0048] Traditional mining methods usually require a large number of coal pillars to support the roof, which will result in a large amount of coal resources being unable to be recovered. This embodiment provides support for the roof through the filling wall, avoiding the need for coal pillars, thereby greatly improving the recovery rate of coal resources.

[0049] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A filling wall for the side of a gob-side tunnel, characterized in that: include: A filling net, which is composed of a plurality of net sheets (1) and is formed into a cylindrical structure, has a filling cavity, and is arranged in the gob-side tunnel; A filling bag (2) is placed in the filling cavity, wherein the interior of the filling bag (2) is divided from top to bottom into an upper filling area (21) and a lower filling area (22); A rigid filling body (4) filled in the lower filling area (22); A plurality of anchors (3) are located in the lower filling area (22), the plurality of anchors (3) are evenly distributed on the filling bag (2), each anchor (3) is passed through the rigid filling body (4) and the two ends are respectively connected to the two mesh sheets (1), and the anchors (3) are used to anchor the rigid filling body (4); The flexible filling body (5) is cast from foamed concrete and is filled in the upper filling area (21).

2. A filling wall for the side of a gob-side entry according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a ladder beam (6), wherein there are a plurality of ladder beams (6), each ladder beam (6) is vertically and evenly placed in the filling cavity, and the ladder beam (6) is closely attached to the outside of the filling bag (2).

3. A filling wall for the side of a gob-side entry according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anchors (3) are distributed in a matrix in the lower filling area (22); the position of the ladder beam (6) corresponds to the position of a vertical column of anchors (3), and the anchors (3) in the vertical column are all penetrated on the ladder beam (6).

4. A filling wall for the side of a gob-side tunnel retaining as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between the anchor pieces (3) is 500 mm to 900 mm.

5. A filling wall for the side of a gob-side tunnel retaining tunnel as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between the anchors (3) in the top row and the roof of the gob-side entry is 250 mm to 350 mm; The distance between the anchor pieces (3) in the bottom row and the floor plate of the gob-side entry retaining tunnel is 250 mm to 350 mm.

6. A filling wall for the side of a gob-side entry according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hanging ring (211) is provided on the top of the filling bag (2), and the hanging ring (211) is hung on the top of the mesh sheet (1).

7. A filling wall for the side of a gob-side entry according to claim 6, characterized in that: A pouring pipe (212) is provided on the side wall of the filling bag (2) located in the upper filling area (21), and the pouring pipe (212) is used to be connected to an external pouring device.

8. A filling wall for the side of a gob-side entry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling bag (2) comprises a bag body and a tensioning rod embedded in the bag body, and the bag body is made of high-strength fiber cloth.

9. A roof-connecting wind-blocking method for the side of a gob-side tunnel retaining tunnel, characterized in that: Using the filling wall described in any one of claims 1 to 8 to support the roof of a tunnel along the gob retaining tunnel specifically comprises the following steps: Pre-treating the area to be filled in the tunnel along the gob, erecting a mesh sheet (1) to form a filling cavity, and then placing a filling bag (2) in the filling cavity; Evenly distributing the anchors (3) on the filling bag (2), and connecting both ends of the anchors (3) to the mesh (1); The material required for the rigid filling body (4) is filled into the filling bag (2) until the lower filling area (22) is filled, and then the material required for the flexible filling body (5) is filled into the filling bag (2) until the upper filling area (21) is filled.

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