A grate grading air distribution system and process for a waste incinerator

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of air distribution for incinerators, and specifically to a grate hierarchical air distribution system and process for a waste incinerator, which includes an air suction machine and an air heater connected to a garbage storage chamber, and also includes an air distribution device, three air regulating boxes connected to the air distribution device through branch pipes, and an air regulating device installed in the air regulating boxes. In the present invention, by adjusting the inclination angle of the diversion plate in the air distribution assembly, the air volume ratio of the air entering the drying grate, the combustion grate and the burnout grate is adjusted; in the cyclone assembly, the rotating column rotates, so that the spiral blade enters the spiral groove from the straight groove, and a spiral air flow is formed when the air flows through, increasing the air combustion support effect; in the air outlet adjusting assembly, the rotation of the rotating column drives the second nut to move up and down, adjusting the angle between the second support rod and the horizontal plane, so that the arc-shaped blade opens and closes, adjusting the size of the air outlet, controlling the air pressure and blowing it to the drying grate, the combustion grate and the burnout grate, increasing the air distribution effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air distribution for incinerators, and particularly to a grate hierarchical air distribution system and process for a waste incinerator. Background Art

[0002] A waste incinerator is a device for incinerating waste. The waste burns in the furnace chamber, and the generated waste gas enters the secondary combustion chamber, and then burns completely under the forced combustion of the burner, and then enters the spray dust collector. After dust removal, it is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney. The waste incinerator consists of four major systems: a waste pretreatment system, an incineration system, a smoke biochemical dust removal system, and a gas generator, integrating automatic feeding, screening, drying, incineration, ash cleaning, dust removal, and automatic control.

[0003] The authorized announcement number CN117231987B discloses a deep low-nitrogen combustion air distribution system suitable for a waste incinerator, including an incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a semi-dry reaction tower, a dust collector, and a chimney connected in sequence, as well as a flue gas recirculation system and a hierarchical air system. The flue gas recirculation system includes a flue gas recirculation fan and a flue gas heater, and the hierarchical air system includes a hierarchical air fan and a hierarchical air nozzle. The design of the hierarchical air system increases the flue gas mixing intensity above the material layer and below the secondary air, strengthens combustion, and promotes the burnout of combustibles. At the same time, the convection and combustion promoted by the hierarchical air can strengthen the radiative heat transfer and convective heat transfer to the material layer, thereby strengthening the drying and pyrolysis of the material layer and playing a role in stabilizing combustion; a flue gas heater is arranged at the outlet of the recirculation fan, and the heating source can come from the steam drum extraction or the steam turbine extraction. After heating, the temperature of the recirculated flue gas increases to 220-250°C, eliminating problems such as low-temperature corrosion of the recirculation equipment.

[0004] It can be seen that the traditional waste incinerator uses a unified air chamber for air supply, and the air distribution ratios in the drying section, combustion section, and burnout section are fixed, and it is impossible to dynamically adjust the air supply ratio in real time according to the characteristics of the incineration stage: low temperature and large air volume are required for drying, and high temperature and low oxygen are required for combustion; moreover, the direct air supplied to the drying section, combustion section, and burnout section is straight air with a fixed air pressure, and it is impossible to control the air pressure for different stages to generate convection, affecting the air distribution effect.

[0005] In view of this, we propose a grate hierarchical air distribution system and process for a waste incinerator. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a grate hierarchical air distribution system and process for a waste incinerator to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A grate hierarchical air distribution system and process for a waste incinerator, comprising an air suction machine and an air heater connected to a waste storage chamber, further comprising an air distribution device, three air regulating boxes connected to the air distribution device through branch pipes, and air regulating devices installed in the air regulating boxes. Above the three air regulating boxes, a drying grate, a combustion grate, and a burnout grate are respectively installed;

[0009] The air distribution device includes an air distribution box and two air distribution components installed at the top end inside the air distribution box for adjusting the air volume ratio into the three air regulating boxes. The air distribution components include a flow dividing plate hinged to the top end inside the air distribution box, and the air volume is adjusted by changing the rotation angles of the two flow dividing plates in the air distribution box;

[0010] The air regulating device includes a bottom cylinder, a cyclone component, and an air outlet regulating component arranged in sequence from bottom to top. Fixed cylinders are welded and fixed at both the upper and lower ends of the cyclone component. The cyclone component includes a lower cylinder, an upper cylinder, a number of spiral blades slidably connected in the lower cylinder and the upper cylinder, and first nuts correspondingly welded to the number of spiral blades through a number of connecting rods. The air outlet regulating component includes a number of arc-shaped blades hinged to the end of the upper fixed cylinder and second nuts correspondingly hinged to the number of arc-shaped blades through a number of second support rods. A rotating column threadedly connected to both the first nut and the second nut is rotatably connected in the middle of the two fixed cylinders.

[0011] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the air distribution component further includes a threaded rod and a sliding rod rotatably connected to both sides of the top end inside the air distribution box, sliders arranged on the threaded rod and the sliding rod, and a first support rod with both ends respectively hinged to the side wall of the slider and the flow dividing plate.

[0012] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the air suction machine is connected to an air extraction port arranged in the waste storage chamber through a pipeline. Three air distribution ports are arranged side by side at the top end of the air distribution box. The flow dividing plate is hinged between two adjacent air distribution ports. After the end of the threaded rod extends out of the side wall of the air distribution box, a first knob handle is welded and fixed.

[0013] As a further improvement of this technical solution, a first threaded hole adapted to the threaded rod is opened in the middle of the slider located on the threaded rod, and a through hole adapted to its size is opened in the middle of the slider located on the sliding rod. A first hinge seat is welded and fixed to the side wall of the flow dividing plate, and a second hinge seat is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the slider.

[0014] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a plurality of straight grooves are formed in the inner side wall of the lower cylinder, a plurality of spiral grooves are formed in the inner side wall of the upper cylinder, the top ends of the straight grooves are connected to the bottom ends of the spiral grooves, a first external thread is provided on the outer side wall of the part of the rotating column located inside the upper cylinder, a second threaded hole adapted to the first external thread is formed in the middle of the first nut, and the number of sides of the first nut, the number of connecting rods, the number of spiral blades, the number of straight grooves and the number of spiral grooves are all equal and in one-to-one correspondence.

[0015] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a limiting block is provided in the middle of the fixed cylinder, a plurality of fixing rods are welded and fixed to the side wall of the limiting block in a divergent manner, the ends of the fixing rods extend out of the fixed cylinder and are welded and fixed to the inner side wall of the air regulating box, limiting rings are welded and fixed to the outer side walls of the upper and lower ends of the rotating column located in the cyclone assembly, and a limiting groove adapted to the limiting rings is formed in the middle of the limiting block.

[0016] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a second external thread is provided on the outer side wall of the part of the rotating column located inside the air outlet regulating assembly, a third threaded hole adapted to the second external thread is formed in the middle of the second nut, connecting blades are welded and fixed between every two of the arc-shaped blades, and the number of sides of the second nut, the number of second support rods, the number of arc-shaped blades and the number of connecting blades are equal and in one-to-one correspondence.

[0017] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a third hinge seat is welded and fixed to the inner side wall of the arc-shaped blade, a fourth hinge seat is welded and fixed to each side wall of the second nut, a hinge convex block is welded and fixed to the center of the bottom end of the arc-shaped blade, and a fifth hinge seat adapted to the hinge convex block is welded and fixed to the top end of the upper fixed cylinder.

[0018] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a worm gear is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the rotating column, an adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the rotating column, a worm adapted to the worm gear is welded and fixed to one end of the adjusting rod close to the rotating column, and a second knob handle is welded and fixed to the other end of the adjusting rod after the adjusting rod extends out of the air regulating box.

[0019] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a process for grading air distribution of a garbage incinerator grate, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. First, start the air suction machine to extract the air in the garbage storage room through the air extraction port, and then start the air heating machine to heat the extracted air;

[0021] S2. The heated air enters the air distribution box. By turning the threaded rod with the first knob handle, the slider slides along the threaded rod and the slide rod, adjusting the angle between the first support rod and the horizontal plane, so that the shunt plate tilts, and adjusting the ratio of the air entering the drying grate, the combustion grate and the burnout grate;

[0022] S3. Then turn the adjusting rod with the second knob handle, and drive the rotating column to rotate under the action of the worm and the worm wheel;

[0023] S4. The rotation of the rotating column drives the first nut to move upward, so that the spiral blade enters the spiral groove from the straight groove, and when the air passes through the upper cylinder, a spiral air flow is generated;

[0024] S5. At the same time, the rotation of the rotating column drives the second nut to move downward, adjusting the angle between the second support rod and the horizontal plane to increase, so that the arc-shaped blades close, adjusting the size of the air outlet, increasing the air pressure and then blowing towards the drying grate, the combustion grate and the burnout grate.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. For the grate staged air distribution system and process of this waste incinerator, by rotating the threaded rod in the air distribution component, the slider slides along the threaded rod and the slide rod, adjusting the angle between the first support rod and the horizontal plane, and adjusting the inclination angle of the shunt plate, so as to adjust the air volume ratio of the air entering the drying grate, the combustion grate and the burnout grate.

[0027] 2. For the grate staged air distribution system and process of this waste incinerator, by the rotation of the rotating column in the cyclone component, driving the first nut to move upward, so that the spiral blade enters the spiral groove from the straight groove, forming a spiral air flow when the air flows through, and increasing the air combustion support effect.

[0028] 3. For the grate staged air distribution system and process of this waste incinerator, by the rotation of the rotating column in the air outlet adjusting component, driving the second nut to move up and down, adjusting the angle between the second support rod and the horizontal plane, so that the arc-shaped blades open and close, adjusting the size of the air outlet, controlling the air pressure and then blowing towards the drying grate, the combustion grate and the burnout grate, increasing the air distribution effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the drawings are only schematic and are used to assist in the understanding of the present invention, rather than specifically limiting the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can, under the teaching of the present invention, select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions according to specific circumstances to implement the present invention.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the air distribution device structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the air distribution device structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Exploded view of the air distribution device structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Exploded view of the air distribution component structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the adjustment box structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the air regulation device structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 Exploded view of the air regulation device structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 Exploded view of the cyclone component structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 Exploded view of the air outlet adjustment component structure of the present invention;

[0040] The meanings of each label in the figure are as follows:

[0041] 1. Air extraction port;

[0042] 2. Air suction machine;

[0043] 3. Air heater;

[0044] 4. Air distribution device; 41. Air distribution box; 411. Air distribution port; 42. Air distribution component; 421. Shunt plate; 4211. First hinge seat; 422. Threaded rod; 4221. First knob handle; 423. Slide bar; 424. Slide block; 4241. First threaded hole; 4242. Through hole; 4243. Second hinge seat; 425. First support rod;

[0045] 5. Air regulation box;

[0046] 6. Airflow regulating device; 61. Bottom cylinder; 62. Fixed cylinder; 621. Fixed rod; 622. Limiting block; 623. Fifth hinge seat; 63. Cyclone assembly; 631. Lower cylinder; 6311. Straight groove; 632. Upper cylinder; 6321. Spiral groove; 633. Spiral blade; 634. First nut; 6341. Second threaded hole; 635. Connecting rod; 64. Air outlet regulating assembly; 641. Arc-shaped blade; 6411. Third hinge seat; 6412. Hinge convex block; 642. Second support rod; 643. Second nut; 6431. Third threaded hole; 6432. Fourth hinge seat; 644. Connecting blade; 65. Rotating column; 651. Worm gear; 652. Limiting ring; 653. First external thread; 654. Second external thread; 66. Adjusting rod; 661. Worm; 662. Second knob handle

[0047] 7. Dry grate

[0048] 8. Combustion grate

[0049] 9. Burnout grate Detailed implementation manners

[0050] Combined with the description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention and the attached drawings, the details of the present invention can be understood more clearly. However, the specific implementation manners of the present invention described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and cannot be understood in any way as a limitation of the present invention. Under the teaching of the present invention, those skilled in the art can conceive any possible variations based on the present invention, and these should all be regarded as belonging to the scope of the present invention. The terms "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, which can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium

[0051] The terms "central axis", "vertical", "horizontal", "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. used herein indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the attached drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "several" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined

[0052] Please refer to Figures 1 - 10 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution

[0053] Waste incinerator grate staged air distribution system and process, including an air suction machine 2 connected to a waste storage chamber and an air heater 3, further including an air distribution device 4, three air regulating boxes 5 connected to the air distribution device 4 through branch pipes, and an air regulating device 6 installed in the air regulating boxes 5. Above the three air regulating boxes 5, a drying grate 7, a combustion grate 8, and a burnout grate 9 are respectively installed. The air outlet of the air heater 3 is connected to the air distribution device 4 through a pipeline. The drying grate 7, the combustion grate 8, and the burnout grate 9 are inclined and their height positions decrease in sequence, so that after the waste is dried by the drying grate 7, it falls onto the combustion grate 8 for combustion treatment, and then falls onto the burnout grate 9 to be completely burned out.

[0054] As Figure 4 shown, the air distribution device 4 includes an air distribution box 41 and two air distribution components 42 installed at the inner top end of the air distribution box 41 for adjusting the air volume ratio introduced into the three air regulating boxes 5. The air distribution component 42 includes a flow dividing plate 421 hinged to the inner top end of the air distribution box 41, and the air ventilation volume is adjusted by changing the rotation angles of the two flow dividing plates 421 in the air distribution box 41.

[0055] As Figure 8 shown, the air regulating device 6 includes a bottom cylinder 61, a cyclone component 63, and an air outlet regulating component 64 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. Fixed cylinders 62 are welded and fixed at both the upper and lower ends of the cyclone component 63.

[0056] As Figure 9 shown, the cyclone component 63 includes a lower cylinder 631, an upper cylinder 632, a number of spiral blades 633 slidably connected in the lower cylinder 631 and the upper cylinder 632, and first nuts 634 correspondingly welded to the number of spiral blades 633 through a number of connecting rods 635.

[0057] As Figure 10 shown, the air outlet regulating component 64 includes a number of arc-shaped blades 641 hinged to the end of the upper fixed cylinder 62, and second nuts 643 correspondingly hinged to the number of arc-shaped blades 641 through a number of second support rods 642. A rotating column 65 is rotatably connected in the middle of the two fixed cylinders 62 and is threadedly connected to both the first nut 634 and the second nut 643.

[0058] Specifically, as Figure 5 shown, the air distribution component 42 further includes threaded rods 422 and slide rods 423 rotatably connected to both sides of the inner top end of the air distribution box 41, sliders 424 arranged on the threaded rods 422 and the slide rods 423, and first support rods 425 with both ends respectively hinged to the side walls of the sliders 424 and the flow dividing plate 421. When the threaded rod 422 rotates, the slider 424 slides along the threaded rod 422 and the slide rod 423, adjusting the angle between the first support rod 425 and the horizontal plane, so that the flow dividing plate 421 is inclined, and the ratio of air entering the drying grate 7, the combustion grate 8, and the burnout grate 9 is adjusted.

[0059] Further, as Figure 5 shown, a first threaded hole 4241 adapted thereto is provided in the middle of the slider 424 located on the threaded rod 422, and a through hole 4242 adapted to its size is provided in the middle of the slider 424 located on the slide rod 423. When the threaded rod 422 rotates, the slider 424 moves along the threaded rod 422; a first hinge seat 4211 is welded and fixed to the side wall of the flow dividing plate 421, and a second hinge seat 4243 is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the slider 424. The first hinge seat 4211 and the second hinge seat 4243 are respectively hinged to both ends of the first support rod 425.

[0060] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, the air suction machine 2 is connected to the air extraction port 1 provided in the garbage stacking room through a pipeline to extract the odor generated in the garbage stacking room, preventing the odor from overflowing and polluting the environment; three air distribution ports 411 are arranged side by side at the top end of the air distribution box 41, and the flow dividing plate 421 is hinged between two adjacent air distribution ports 411. The position design makes the flow dividing plate 421 inclined to adjust the proportion of air entering each air distribution port 411; a first knob handle 4221 is welded and fixed to the end of the threaded rod 422 after it extends out of the side wall of the air distribution box 41, and the first knob handle 4221 facilitates the rotation of the threaded rod 422.

[0061] In addition, as Figure 8 shown, a limiting block 622 is provided in the middle of the fixed cylinder 62, and a plurality of fixing rods 621 are welded and fixed to the side wall of the limiting block 622 in a divergent manner. The ends of the fixing rods 621 extend out of the fixed cylinder 62 and are welded and fixed to the inner side wall of the air flow adjusting box 5 to fix the entire air flow adjusting device 6 through the fixing rods 621; limiting rings 652 are welded and fixed to the outer side walls of the upper and lower ends of the rotating column 65 located outside the cyclone assembly 63. A limiting groove adapted to the limiting ring 652 is provided in the middle of the limiting block 622, and the design of the limiting block 622 is for the rotation of the rotating column 65.

[0062] Further, as Figure 8 shown, a worm gear 651 is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the rotating column 65. An adjusting rod 66 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the rotating column 65. A worm 661 adapted to the worm gear 651 is welded and fixed to one end of the adjusting rod 66 close to the rotating column 65. The other end of the adjusting rod 66 extends out of the air flow adjusting box 5 and is welded and fixed to a second knob handle 662. The second knob handle 662 facilitates the rotation of the adjusting rod 66. The rotation of the adjusting rod 66 drives the rotation of the rotating column 65 through the worm 661 and the worm gear 651.

[0063] Specifically, as Figure 9As shown in the figure, several straight grooves 6311 are provided on the inner side wall of the lower cylinder 631, and several spiral grooves 6321 are provided on the inner side wall of the upper cylinder 632. The top ends of the straight grooves 6311 are connected to the bottom ends of the spiral grooves 6321. The spiral blade 633 slides along the straight grooves 6311 into the spiral grooves 6321, causing the blade to deform into a spiral shape. On the outer side wall of the part of the rotating column 65 located inside the upper cylinder 632, a first external thread 653 is provided. In the middle of the first nut 634, a second threaded hole 6341 adapted to the first external thread 653 is provided. The rotation of the rotating column 65 drives the first nut 634 to move upward, causing the spiral blade 633 to enter the spiral grooves 6321 from the straight grooves 6311. The number of sides of the first nut 634, the number of connecting rods 635, the number of spiral blades 633, the number of straight grooves 6311, and the number of spiral grooves 6321 are all equal and their positions correspond one by one.

[0064] It should be noted that, as Figure 10 shown in the figure, on the outer side wall of the part of the rotating column 65 located inside the air outlet adjusting assembly 64, a second external thread 654 is provided. In the middle of the second nut 643, a third threaded hole 6431 adapted to the second external thread 654 is provided. The rotation of the rotating column 65 drives the second nut 643 to move downward, adjusting the angle between the second support rod 642 and the horizontal plane to increase, causing the arc-shaped blades 641 to close and adjusting the size of the air outlet; between every two arc-shaped blades 641, connecting blades 644 are welded and fixed. The number of sides of the second nut 643, the number of second support rods 642, the number of arc-shaped blades 641, and the number of connecting blades 644 are equal and their positions correspond one by one.

[0065] Furthermore, as Figure 10 shown in the figure, on the inner side wall of the arc-shaped blade 641, a third hinge seat 6411 is welded and fixed. On each side wall of the second nut 643, a fourth hinge seat 6432 is welded and fixed. The third hinge seat 6411 and the fourth hinge seat 6432 are respectively hinged to both ends of the second support rod 642; at the center of the bottom end of the arc-shaped blade 641, a hinge convex block 6412 is welded and fixed. At the top end of the upper fixed cylinder 62, a fifth hinge seat 623 adapted to the hinge convex block 6412 is welded and fixed. Through the hinge convex block 6412 and the fifth hinge seat 623, the arc-shaped blade 641 is hinged to the fixed cylinder 62.

[0066] The garbage incinerator grate hierarchical air distribution process of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0067] S1. First, start the air suction machine 2 to extract the air in the garbage storage room through the air extraction port 1, and then start the air heating machine 3 to heat the extracted air;

[0068] S2. The heated air enters the air distribution box 41. By rotating the threaded rod 422 with the first knob handle 4221, the slider 424 slides along the threaded rod 422 and the slide rod 423, adjusting the angle between the first support rod 425 and the horizontal plane, so that the flow dividing plate 421 tilts, and adjusting the proportion of air entering the drying grate 7, the combustion grate 8 and the burnout grate 9;

[0069] S3. Then, rotate the adjusting rod 66 with the second knob handle 662, and drive the rotating column 65 to rotate under the action of the worm 661 and the worm gear 651;

[0070] S4. The rotation of the rotating column 65 drives the first nut 634 to move upward, so that the spiral blade 633 enters the spiral groove 6321 from the straight groove 6311, so that when the air passes through the upper cylinder 632, a spiral air flow is generated;

[0071] S5. At the same time, the rotation of the rotating column 65 drives the second nut 643 to move downward, adjusting the angle between the second support rod 642 and the horizontal plane to increase, so that the arc-shaped blades 641 are closed, adjusting the size of the air outlet, and increasing the wind pressure and then blowing it onto the drying grate 7, the combustion grate 8 and the burnout grate 9.

[0072] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for explaining the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those who are familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grate staged air distribution system for a waste incinerator, comprising an air suction machine (2) and an air heater (3) connected to a waste storage chamber, characterized in that: It also includes an air distribution device (4), three air regulating boxes (5) connected to the air distribution device (4) through branch pipes, and an air regulating device (6) installed in the air regulating boxes (5). Above the three air regulating boxes (5), a drying grate (7), a combustion grate (8), and a burnout grate (9) are respectively installed. The air distribution device (4) includes an air distribution box (41) and two air distribution components (42) installed at the inner top of the air distribution box (41) for adjusting the air volume ratio of the three air regulating boxes (5). The air distribution component (42) includes a flow dividing plate (421) hinged to the inner top of the air distribution box (41), and the air volume is adjusted by changing the rotation angles of the two flow dividing plates (421) in the air distribution box (41). The air regulating device (6) includes a bottom cylinder (61), a cyclone component (63), and an air outlet regulating component (64) arranged in sequence from bottom to top. Fixed cylinders (62) are welded and fixed at both the upper and lower ends of the cyclone component (63). The cyclone component (63) includes a lower cylinder (631), an upper cylinder (632), a number of spiral blades (633) slidably connected in the lower cylinder (631) and the upper cylinder (632), and first nuts (634) welded to the number of spiral blades (633) through a number of connecting rods (635). The air outlet regulating component (64) includes a number of arc-shaped blades (641) hinged to the end of the upper fixed cylinder (62) and second nuts (643) hinged to the number of arc-shaped blades (641) through a number of second support rods (642). A rotating column (65) that is threadedly connected to both the first nut (634) and the second nut (643) is rotatably connected in the middle of the two fixed cylinders (62).

2. The grate staged air distribution system of the waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air distribution component (42) further includes a threaded rod (422) and a sliding rod (423) rotatably connected to both sides of the inner top of the air distribution box (41), sliders (424) arranged on the threaded rod (422) and the sliding rod (423), and a first support rod (425) with both ends hinged to the side walls of the slider (424) and the flow dividing plate (421).

3. The grate staged air distribution system for a waste incinerator according to claim 2, wherein: The air suction machine (2) is connected to an air extraction port (1) arranged in the garbage stacking room through a pipeline. Three air distribution ports (411) are arranged side by side at the top of the air distribution box (41). The flow dividing plate (421) is hinged between two adjacent air distribution ports (411). After the end of the threaded rod (422) extends out of the side wall of the air distribution box (41), a first knob handle (4221) is welded and fixed.

4. The grate hierarchical air distribution system for a waste incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first threaded hole (4241) adapted to it is provided in the middle of the slider (424) located on the threaded rod (422), and a through hole (4242) adapted to its size is provided in the middle of the slider (424) located on the sliding rod (423). A first hinge seat (4211) is welded and fixed to the side wall of the flow dividing plate (421), and a second hinge seat (4243) is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the slider (424).

5. The grate staged air distribution system for a waste incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of straight grooves (6311) are formed in the inner side wall of the lower cylinder (631), and a plurality of spiral grooves (6321) are formed in the inner side wall of the upper cylinder (632). The top ends of the straight grooves (6311) are connected to the bottom ends of the spiral grooves (6321). A first external thread (653) is provided on the outer side wall of the part of the rotating column (65) located inside the upper cylinder (632). A second threaded hole (6341) adapted to the first external thread (653) is formed in the middle of the first nut (634). The number of sides of the first nut (634), the number of connecting rods (635), the number of spiral blades (633), the number of straight grooves (6311), and the number of spiral grooves (6321) are all equal and their positions correspond one by one.

6. The grate grading air distribution system for a waste incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting block (622) is provided in the middle of the fixed cylinder (62). A plurality of fixing rods (621) are welded and fixed to the side wall of the limiting block (622) in a divergent manner. The ends of the fixing rods (621) extend out of the fixed cylinder (62) and are welded and fixed to the inner side wall of the air regulating box (5). Limiting rings (652) are welded and fixed to the outer side walls of the upper and lower ends of the rotating column (65) located in the cyclone assembly (63). A limiting groove adapted to the limiting ring (652) is formed in the middle of the limiting block (622).

7. The grate staged air distribution system for a waste incinerator according to claim 6, wherein: A second external thread (654) is provided on the outer side wall of the part of the rotating column (65) located inside the air outlet regulating assembly (64). A third threaded hole (6431) adapted to the second external thread (654) is formed in the middle of the second nut (643). Connecting blades (644) are welded and fixed between every two of the arc-shaped blades (641). The number of sides of the second nut (643), the number of second support rods (642), the number of arc-shaped blades (641), and the number of connecting blades (644) are equal and their positions correspond one by one.

8. The grate staged air distribution system for a waste incinerator according to claim 7, characterized in that: A third hinge seat (6411) is welded and fixed to the inner side wall of the arc-shaped blade (641). A fourth hinge seat (6432) is welded and fixed to each side wall of the second nut (643). A hinge convex block (6412) is welded and fixed to the center of the bottom end of the arc-shaped blade (641). A fifth hinge seat (623) adapted to the hinge convex block (6412) is welded and fixed to the top end of the upper fixed cylinder (62).

9. The grate staged air distribution system for a waste incinerator according to claim 8, wherein: A worm gear (651) is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the rotating column (65). The bottom end of the rotating column (65) is rotatably connected to an adjusting rod (66). A worm (661) adapted to the worm gear (651) is welded and fixed to one end of the adjusting rod (66) close to the rotating column (65). The other end of the adjusting rod (66) extends out of the air regulating box (5) and is welded and fixed to a second knob handle (662).

10. A process for grading air distribution of the grate in a waste incinerator, using the waste incinerator grate grading air distribution system described in claim 9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. First, start the air suction machine (2) to extract the air in the garbage storage room through the air extraction port (1), and then start the air heating machine (3) to heat the extracted air. S2. The heated air enters the air distribution box (41). By turning the threaded rod (422) with the first knob handle (4221), the slider (424) slides along the threaded rod (422) and the slide rod (423), adjusting the angle between the first support rod (425) and the horizontal plane, so that the shunt plate (421) is inclined, and the proportion of air entering the drying grate (7), the combustion grate (8) and the burnout grate (9) is adjusted; S3. Then, turn the adjusting rod (66) with the second knob handle (662), and drive the rotating column (65) to rotate under the action of the worm (661) and the worm gear (651); S4. The rotation of the rotating column (65) drives the first nut (634) to move upward, so that the spiral blade (633) enters the spiral groove (6321) from the straight groove (6311), and when the air passes through the upper cylinder (632), a spiral air flow is generated; S5. At the same time, the rotation of the rotating column (65) drives the second nut (643) to move downward, adjusting the angle between the second support rod (642) and the horizontal plane to increase, so that the arc-shaped blades (641) are closed, adjusting the size of the air outlet, increasing the wind pressure and then blowing towards the drying grate (7), the combustion grate (8) and the burnout grate (9).

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