A tunnel deformation monitoring device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel monitoring devices, and specifically relates to a tunnel deformation monitoring device, which includes an arched support device, a mobile monitoring device, and an anchor rod device; the arched support device is composed of an outer ring and an inner ring, and an adjustment groove is reserved between the outer ring and the inner ring; a pulley groove recessed inward is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the outer ring, and gear grooves are provided on both the outer circumferential wall of the inner ring and the inner circumferential wall of the outer ring. Uniform outwardly protruding tooth ridges are provided in the gear groove of the inner ring; the anchor rod devices are uniformly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring; this solution adopts a combination of dynamic and static methods to obtain more comprehensive data and is more flexible. The mobile monitoring device can move on the arched support device to flexibly monitor different positions; the static device is firmly installed to continuously provide basic data, realizing the complementarity of dynamic and static monitoring, improving the flexibility and accuracy of monitoring, and being able to more timely and comprehensively detect tunnel deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel monitoring devices, and particularly to a tunnel deformation monitoring device. Background Technique

[0002] With the continuous development of transportation infrastructure construction, tunnel projects are widely used in fields such as highways and railways; the safe and stable operation of tunnels is crucial, and tunnel deformation is one of the key factors affecting its safety;

[0003] At present, tunnel deformation monitoring technologies mainly include traditional manual measurement methods and some automated monitoring means; manual measurement methods, such as using total stations, levels, etc. for regular measurements, have problems such as low measurement frequency, low efficiency, and poor data real-time performance, and it is difficult to meet the dynamic monitoring requirements of tunnel deformation. Moreover, the accuracy of manual measurement is greatly affected by the technical level of measurement personnel and environmental conditions;

[0004] Among the automated monitoring means, some devices using fixed-point monitoring can only obtain deformation information at limited positions, and cannot comprehensively reflect the overall deformation of the tunnel. It is difficult to accurately capture the complex deformation characteristics of the tunnel, resulting in a reduction in the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data;

[0005] It is precisely for the above reasons that we have proposed a tunnel deformation monitoring device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel deformation monitoring device to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A tunnel deformation monitoring device includes an arched support device, a mobile monitoring device, and an anchor rod device;

[0008] The arched support device is composed of an outer ring and an inner ring, and an adjustment groove is reserved between the outer ring and the inner ring; a pulley groove recessed inward is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the outer ring, and gear grooves are provided on both the outer circumferential wall of the inner ring and the inner circumferential wall of the outer ring. Uniform outwardly protruding tooth ridges are provided in the gear groove of the inner ring;

[0009] The anchor rod devices are uniformly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring. The anchor rod device includes a fixing block, a fixing bolt, and an anchor rod. One end of the anchor rod away from the tunnel inner wall is provided with an anchor rod head;

[0010] The mobile monitoring device includes a mobile locator and a balance monitoring device;

[0011] The mobile positioning device includes a laser positioning device, a displacement drive motor, and a suspension bracket. The top of the suspension bracket is clamped on the outer circumferential wall of the outer ring; a displacement drive motor is installed in the middle of the suspension bracket, and a drive wheel is installed at the rear end of the displacement drive motor. The drive wheel is clamped backward in the gear groove;

[0012] The balance monitoring device includes a balance bracket, a winch, a drooping monitor, a mounting bracket, a fixing bracket, and a balance shaft; the balance monitoring device is located at the rear side of the outer ring, relies on the mobile positioning device as a support, and the balance monitoring device moves synchronously with the mobile positioning device;

[0013] The drooping monitor is located below the center of gravity of the balance bracket; the plumb line structure formed by the balance bracket and the drooping monitor always maintains a vertically downward state; a gyroscope is installed in the inner cavity of the drooping monitor.

[0014] Preferably, support feet are provided at the bottoms of the left and right ends of the arched support device. The support feet are installed in the tunnel by welding or bolt fixing, and the outer ring and the inner ring are fixed on the support feet; a lateral locator is installed on the rear side of the outer ring. The lateral locator includes a laser emitter and a laser reflector, and the laser emitter and the laser reflector are symmetric left and right.

[0015] Preferably, the fixing bolt is fixed on the side wall of the outer ring. The fixing block is L-shaped, and one side of the fixing block is rotatably sleeved on the fixing bolt. An anchor hole is provided on the other side of the fixing block. The anchor rod is inserted into the anchor hole, and the anchor rod extends outward and is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel; a vibration sensor is installed in the anchor head, and a strain gauge is installed at the connection between the anchor head and the anchor rod.

[0016] Preferably, a pulley is installed on one side of the suspension bracket close to the pulley groove of the outer ring, and the pulley is installed downward in the pulley groove; the height of the suspension bracket is lower than the length of the fixing block, and the movement of the suspension bracket is not affected when the fixing block is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel; tooth alveoli recessed inward are evenly provided on the drive wheel, and the tooth alveoli mesh with the tooth ridges inward; the mobile monitoring device uses the displacement drive motor to drive the drive wheel to move orderly in the gear groove; a circular guard plate is installed at the position of the displacement drive motor close to the outer ring, and a ball is provided at the connection between the circular guard plate and the outer ring to assist the movement and reduce friction when the mobile monitoring device is displaced.

[0017] Preferably, a laser positioning device is installed at the bottom of the suspension bracket. The laser positioning device emits a laser beam backward, and a reflector is installed at the front end of the laser positioning device. When in use, multiple groups of monitoring devices are installed in the tunnel, and adjacent monitoring devices echo each other. Any laser positioning device corresponds to the adjacent reflector front and back;

[0018] There are two fans, one above the other, on the outside of the laser locator. The two fans blow the hot air inside the laser locator outwards. Also, a plurality of heat dissipation plates are inserted into the inner cavity of the laser locator. The heat dissipation plates are heat conducting sheets, which are responsible for transferring the heat inside the laser locator through heat conduction to improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0019] Preferably, a balance shaft is installed in the middle of the mounting frame. A support sleeve is installed on the front side of the balance shaft. The support sleeve is sleeved forward on the transmission shaft of the displacement drive motor. A self-rotating bearing is provided at one end of the inner cavity of the support sleeve close to the transmission shaft, so that the support sleeve does not rotate with the transmission shaft.

[0020] Fixed frames are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the mounting frame, and the other ends of the fixed frames are fixed on the circular protective disc. At the same time, a fixed rod is connected between the fixed frame and the support sleeve.

[0021] Preferably, a balance frame is provided at the rear end of the mounting frame. The balance frame is fixed to the rear end of the balance shaft, and a rotary bearing is installed at the connection between the balance frame and the balance shaft. The balance frame rotates with the balance shaft as the support point.

[0022] A hoist is installed below the balance frame. A drooping monitor is provided at the bottom of the hoist. A suspension rope is connected between the drooping monitor and the hoist.

[0023] Preferably, a counterweight is provided at the bottom of the drooping monitor; a monitoring sensor mounting frame is installed on the top of the balance frame, and a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, and a GPS / Beidou locator are installed on the monitoring sensor mounting frame.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] This solution combines a dynamic mobile monitoring device with static arch support devices and bolt devices to obtain more comprehensive data and is more flexible. The mobile monitoring device can move on the arch support device to flexibly monitor different positions; the static devices are stably installed to continuously provide basic data, realizing the complementarity of dynamic and static monitoring, improving the flexibility and accuracy of monitoring, and being able to detect tunnel deformation more timely and comprehensively.

[0026] The mobile locator realizes high-precision position positioning and displacement monitoring through the cooperation of the laser locator and the reflector, and the precise meshing of the drive wheel and the gear groove; the gyroscope in the balance monitoring device can accurately detect the change in the inclination angle of the tunnel. These high-precision monitoring means ensure that the obtained data is accurate and reliable, providing strong support for tunnel deformation analysis.

[0027] It has a remote control function, allowing staff to remotely operate the device through the monitoring platform or mobile terminal, and flexibly adjust the monitoring plan. It can also be integrated and linked with other safety monitoring systems in the tunnel (such as fire alarm systems, ventilation systems, etc.) to achieve data sharing and collaborative work, providing support for the intelligent and refined management of the tunnel. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 Front view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Rear view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 Isometric view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 Enlarged view of the installation position of the mobile monitoring device and the arch support device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Side view;

[0033] Figure 6 Rear view of the mobile monitoring device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 Side view of the mobile monitoring device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 Side view of the balance monitoring device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the bolt device of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 10 arch support device, 101 outer ring, 102 inner ring, 103 adjustment groove, 104 gear groove;

[0038] 20 mobile monitoring device;

[0039] 201 mobile locator, 20101 laser locator, 20102 heat dissipation plate, 20103 fan, 20104 reflector, 20105 displacement drive motor, 20106 suspension bracket, 20107 pulley, 20108 drive wheel;

[0040] 202 balance monitoring device, 20201 balance frame, 20202 winch, 20203 hanging monitor, 20204 suspension rope, 20205 monitor sensor mounting bracket, 20206 mounting bracket, 20207 support sleeve, 20208 fixing bracket, 20209 balance shaft;

[0041] 30 Anchor device, 301 Fixed block, 302 Fixed bolt, 303 Anchor rod, 304 Anchor head, 305 Vibration sensor;

[0042] 40 Transverse positioner. Detailed implementation

[0043] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0045] Embodiment:

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1-9 , the present invention provides the following technical solution: A tunnel deformation monitoring device, including an arch support device 10, a mobile monitoring device 20 and an anchor device 30;

[0047] The arch support device 10 is composed of an outer ring 101 and an inner ring 102, and an adjustment groove 103 is reserved between the outer ring 101 and the inner ring 102;

[0048] Support feet are arranged at the bottoms of the left and right ends of the arch support device 10, and the support feet are installed in the tunnel by welding or bolt fixing, and the outer ring 101 and the inner ring 102 are fixed on the support feet;

[0049] A pulley groove recessed inward is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the outer ring 101, gear grooves 104 are provided on both the outer circumferential wall of the inner ring 102 and the inner circumferential wall of the outer ring 101, and uniformly outwardly protruding tooth ridges are provided in the gear groove 104 of the inner ring 102;

[0050] The bolt devices 30 are evenly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring 101. The bolt device 30 includes a fixing block 301, a fixing bolt 302, and a bolt 303. The fixing bolt 302 is fixed on the side wall of the outer ring 101. The fixing block 301 is L-shaped, and one side of the fixing block 301 is rotatably sleeved on the fixing bolt 302. A bolt hole is formed on the other side of the fixing block 301, and the bolt 303 is inserted into the bolt hole. The bolt 303 extends outward and is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel. Fixing holes corresponding to the bolts 303 are drilled in advance on the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0051] One end of the bolt 303 away from the inner wall of the tunnel is provided with a bolt head 304, and a vibration sensor 305 is installed in the bolt head 304. A strain gauge is installed at the connection between the bolt head 304 and the bolt 303;

[0052] A horizontal locator 40 is installed on the rear side of the outer ring 101. The horizontal locator 40 includes a laser emitter and a laser reflector, and the laser emitter and the laser reflector are symmetric left and right; Fixing blocks 301 and fixing bolts 302 are also installed on the horizontal locator 40; It should be noted that the installation position of the horizontal locator 40 in the solution can be changed as needed, and it only needs to be horizontally level on the outer ring 101 during installation;

[0053] The mobile monitoring device 20 is installed on the arch support device 10. The mobile monitoring device 20 includes a mobile locator 201 and a balance monitoring device 202;

[0054] The mobile locator 201 includes a laser locator 20101, a displacement drive motor 20105, and a suspension bracket 20106. The top of the suspension bracket 20106 extends upward and is clamped on the outer ring wall of the outer ring 101; A pulley 20107 is installed on one side of the suspension bracket 20106 close to the pulley groove of the outer ring 101, and the pulley 20107 is installed downward in the pulley groove;

[0055] The height of the suspension bracket 20106 is lower than the length of the fixing block 301, and the movement of the suspension bracket 20106 is not affected when the fixing block 301 is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0056] A displacement drive motor 20105 is installed in the middle of the suspension bracket 20106. A transmission shaft is installed behind the displacement drive motor 20105, and a drive wheel 20108 is installed at the rear end of the transmission shaft. The drive wheel 20108 is clamped backward in the gear groove 104. Tooth grooves are evenly formed inwards on the drive wheel 20108, and the tooth grooves mesh with the tooth ridges inward;

[0057] The mobile monitoring device 20 drives the drive wheel 20108 to move orderly in the gear groove 104 by using the displacement drive motor 20105. The meshing of the tooth ridges and the tooth grooves helps to exert force during directional movement;

[0058] A circular guard plate is installed at the position where the displacement driving motor 20105 is close to the outer ring 101. Ball bearings are provided at the connection between the circular guard plate and the outer ring 101 to assist in movement and reduce friction when the mobile monitoring device 20 is displaced.

[0059] A laser locator 20101 is installed at the bottom of the suspension bracket 20106. The laser locator 20101 emits a laser beam backward. A reflector 20104 is installed at the front end of the laser locator 20101. When in use, multiple groups of monitoring devices are installed in the tunnel, and adjacent monitoring devices echo each other. Any laser locator 20101 corresponds to the adjacent reflector 20104 front and back.

[0060] Two fans 20103, one above and one below, are provided outside the laser locator 20101. The two fans 20103 blow the hot air inside the laser locator 20101 outward. And a plurality of heat dissipation plates 20102 are inserted into the inner cavity of the laser locator 20101. The heat dissipation plates 20102 are heat conducting sheets, which are responsible for transferring the heat inside the laser locator 20101 through heat conduction to improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0061] The balance monitoring device 202 includes a balance bracket 20201, a winch 20202, a pendant monitor 20203, a mounting bracket 20206, a fixing bracket 20208, and a balance shaft 20209.

[0062] The balance monitoring device 202 is located at the rear side of the outer ring 101 and relies on the mobile locator 201 as a support, and the balance monitoring device 202 moves synchronously with the mobile locator 201.

[0063] A balance shaft 20209 is installed in the middle of the mounting bracket 20206. A support sleeve 20207 is installed on the front side of the balance shaft 20209. The support sleeve 20207 is sleeved forward on the transmission shaft of the displacement driving motor 20105. A self-rotating bearing is provided at one end of the inner cavity of the support sleeve 20207 close to the transmission shaft, so that the support sleeve 20207 does not rotate with the transmission shaft.

[0064] Fixing brackets 20208 are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the mounting bracket 20206, and the other end of the fixing bracket 20208 is fixed on the circular guard plate. At the same time, a fixing rod is connected between the fixing bracket 20208 and the support sleeve 20207, so that the mounting bracket 20206 is well supported.

[0065] A balance bracket 20201 is provided at the rear end of the mounting bracket 20206. The balance bracket 20201 is fixed at the rear end of the balance shaft 20209, and a rotary bearing is installed at the connection between the balance bracket 20201 and the balance shaft 20209. The balance bracket 20201 rotates with the balance shaft 20209 as a support point.

[0066] A winch 20202 is installed below the balance frame 20201. A hanging monitor 20203 is provided at the bottom of the winch 20202. A suspension rope 20204 is connected between the hanging monitor 20203 and the winch 20202; a counterweight is provided at the bottom of the hanging monitor 20203; the hanging monitor 20203 is located below the center of gravity of the balance frame 20201, forming a stable plumb line structure; when the balance monitoring device 202 moves with the mobile locator 201, the plumb line structure formed by the balance frame 20201 and the hanging monitor 20203 always maintains a vertically downward state; a gyroscope is installed in the inner cavity of the hanging monitor 20203;

[0067] A monitoring sensor mounting bracket 20205 is installed on the top of the balance frame 20201. A temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, and a GPS / Beidou locator are installed on the monitoring sensor mounting bracket 20205;

[0068] A control system is installed in the mobile monitoring device 20, and is connected to the monitoring platform through a communication optical cable to share monitoring data in real time;

[0069] This solution provides a tunnel deformation monitoring device that can combine dynamic and static monitoring, aiming to improve the flexibility and accuracy of tunnel monitoring, and monitor and give early warnings for abnormal deformations in the tunnel; during installation, each arched support device 10 serves as a monitoring point and is installed sequentially along the extension direction of the tunnel. When installed, adjacent arched support devices 10 correspond to each other to ensure a complete ray backtracking is formed between the laser locator 20101 and the adjacent reflector 20104;

[0070] Similarly, in terms of linear distance, the monitoring device of this solution can perform interval monitoring and flexibly link with the monitoring devices at different monitoring points; for example, driving the mobile locator 201 to change its position on the arched support device 10, as long as a laser reflection connection is established with the spaced monitoring device, it is very convenient and flexible; according to the above principle, monitoring can also be performed at any position within the adjustment range of the arched support device 10, making the data acquisition more comprehensive and objective;

[0071] The balance monitoring device 202 is an auxiliary calibration device that works in conjunction with the mobile positioning device 201. Its plumb line structure keeps the drooping monitor 20203 always vertically downward. The gyroscope inside the drooping monitor 20203 can detect the inclination state of the arch support device 10. The drooping monitor 20203 has two modes. One is to use the winch 20202 to retract the drooping monitor 20203 upward so that the drooping monitor 20203 is attached directly below the winch 20202, keeping it taut and preventing random swinging. The other is to use the winch 20202 to extend the drooping monitor 20203 downward, allowing the drooping monitor 20203 to hang naturally by gravity, which is convenient for visual observation during the installation of the arch support device 10 and provides assistance for the installation.

[0072] At the same time, the monitoring sensor mounting bracket 20205 on the balance monitoring device 202 can provide more comprehensive data at the monitoring points, facilitating the accurate acquisition of monitoring data.

[0073] In addition, vibration sensors and strain gauges for monitoring are provided on the bolt device 30. When the installation position of the bolt 303 changes, the change data can be detected in a timely manner. After comprehensively analyzing the monitoring data, it is possible to determine whether there is deformation or settlement at a certain monitoring point or in the monitoring area composed of monitoring points.

[0074] The working principle of this solution is as follows:

[0075] Principle of arch support and bolt fixation: The arch support device 10 consists of an outer ring 101 and an inner ring 102, with an adjustment groove 103 reserved between them as an adjustment gap. The arch support device 10 is installed in the tunnel by welding or bolting at the bottom of its left and right ends through support feet. The outer ring 101 and the inner ring 102 are fixed to the support feet, forming a basic support structure. The bolt devices 30 are evenly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring 101. The fixing bolts 302 are fixed on the side wall of the outer ring 101. One side of the L-shaped fixing block 301 is rotatably sleeved on the fixing bolt 302, and the other side has a bolt hole. The bolt 303 is inserted into the bolt hole and extends into the fixing hole on the inner wall of the tunnel. In this way, the bolt device 30 tightly connects the arch support device 10 to the inner wall of the tunnel, enhancing the overall stability. When the inner wall of the tunnel deforms, the force on the bolt 303 changes. The vibration sensor 305 inside the bolt head 304 can detect the vibration signal, and the strain gauge at the junction of the bolt head 304 and the bolt 303 can sense the strain change. These change data are collected in real time and used to analyze and judge the deformation of the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0076] Principle of mobile monitoring: In the mobile positioning device 201 of the mobile monitoring device 20, the top of the suspension bracket 20106 extends upward and is clamped to the outer ring wall of the outer ring 101. The pulley 20107 installed near the pulley groove of the outer ring 101 is embedded in the pulley groove to provide guidance and support for the movement of the mobile positioning device 201. The displacement drive motor 20105 in the middle of the suspension bracket 20106 is installed with a transmission shaft at the back. The drive wheel 20108 at the rear end of the transmission shaft is clamped in the gear groove 104 of the inner ring 102, and the tooth grooves on the drive wheel 20108 mesh with the tooth ridges in the gear groove 104 of the inner ring 102. When the displacement drive motor 20105 is started, it drives the drive wheel 20108 to rotate in the gear groove 104, so that the mobile positioning device 201 moves along the arched support device 10. The laser positioning device 20101 at the bottom of the suspension bracket 20106 emits a laser beam backward. Among the multiple groups of monitoring devices installed in the tunnel, the laser positioning devices 20101 and the reflectors 20104 of adjacent devices correspond to each other front and back. Through the emission, reflection and reception of the laser, the position of the mobile positioning device 201 and the relative position relationship between each monitoring point can be accurately determined, so as to monitor the deformation of the tunnel in the horizontal direction. At the same time, the upper and lower two fans 20103 outside the laser positioning device 20101 and the multiple heat dissipation plates 20102 in the inner cavity work together to timely dissipate the heat generated by the laser positioning device 20101, ensure its stable operation in a suitable temperature environment, and improve the accuracy and reliability of positioning;

[0077] Principle of balance monitoring: The balance monitoring device 202 is located at the rear side of the outer ring 101, relying on the mobile positioning instrument 201 as a support and moving synchronously with it; a support sleeve 20207 is installed on the front side of the balance shaft 20209 in the middle of the mounting frame 20206. The support sleeve 20207 is sleeved forward on the transmission shaft of the displacement drive motor 20105, and the rotation bearing at one end of the support sleeve 20207 close to the transmission shaft in its inner cavity prevents it from rotating with the transmission shaft; the other ends of the fixed frames 20208 symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the mounting frame 20206 are fixed on the circular guard plate. At the same time, a fixing rod is connected between the fixed frame 20208 and the support sleeve 20207 to ensure the stable support of the mounting frame 20206; the balance frame 20201 at the rear end of the mounting frame 20206 is fixed to the rear end of the balance shaft 20209, and the rotation bearing at the connection between the two enables the balance frame 20201 to rotate with the balance shaft 20209 as a support point; the winch 20202 below the balance frame 20201 is connected to the hanging monitor 20203, and the counterweight at the bottom of the hanging monitor 20203 forms a stable plumb line structure; the gyroscope in the hanging monitor 20203 can detect the inclination state of the arch support device 10 in real time. When the tunnel undergoes inclination deformation, the gyroscope can accurately sense the angle change and output corresponding data; in addition, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, vibration sensors, GPS / Beidou positioners, etc. installed on the monitoring sensor mounting frame 20205 at the top of the balance frame 20201 can collect data such as the temperature, humidity, vibration, etc. of the surrounding environment of the monitoring point and its accurate position information respectively, providing multi-dimensional data support for comprehensively analyzing the tunnel state;

[0078] The control system in the mobile monitoring device 20 establishes a stable connection with the monitoring platform through a communication optical cable, and transmits the position data obtained by the laser positioning instrument 20101, the inclination data of the hanging monitor 20203, the vibration and strain data of the anchor device 30, and the data collected by other sensors on the balance monitoring device 202 to the monitoring platform in real time; the monitoring platform uses advanced data processing algorithms and models to perform fusion analysis on these multi-source data; by comparing with the preset thresholds, it judges whether there are abnormal situations such as deformation and settlement in a certain monitoring point or a monitoring area composed of multiple monitoring points; once an abnormality is found, the monitoring platform immediately issues a warning signal to remind relevant staff to take measures in time for processing to ensure the safe operation of the tunnel;

[0079] Integrate high-performance wireless communication modules (such as 5G, LoRa, etc.) or wired (communication optical cable) communication methods in the mobile monitoring device 20 and the balance monitoring device 202 to achieve remote control functions; staff can remotely control the moving direction and speed of the mobile locator 201, the lifting operation of the drooping monitor 20203, and the working mode switching of each sensor through the monitoring platform or mobile terminals such as mobile phones and tablets at any time and anywhere; for example, when detailed monitoring of a specific area of the tunnel is required, remotely control the mobile locator 201 to quickly move to that area and adjust the height of the drooping monitor 20203 to obtain more accurate deformation data of that area; at the same time, parameters such as the sampling frequency and data transmission interval of the sensor can also be remotely set, and the monitoring plan can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual monitoring needs to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the monitoring work;

[0080] Monitoring principle:

[0081] According to the distance measurement data between the laser locator 20101 and the reflector 20104, calculate the displacement change amount of the mobile locator 201; set a threshold for displacement change. When the displacement change amount exceeds this threshold, it indicates that obvious displacement deformation has occurred in the tunnel in the horizontal direction; at the same time, analyze the direction and speed of the displacement change. If the displacement change directions are the same and the speed is fast, it may mean that there are major safety hazards in the tunnel; the displacement data of multiple adjacent mobile locators can also be combined to judge the scope and trend of tunnel deformation. For example, if multiple locators show large displacement changes in the same area, it indicates that the tunnel deformation in that area is relatively serious;

[0082] Compare the tilt angle data detected by the gyroscope in the drooping monitor 20203 with the preset angle threshold; when the tilt angle exceeds the threshold, it indicates that the arched support device 10 has tilted and deformed. The possible reason is that the tunnel has settled or deformed, and it is necessary to determine the deformation situation in time; in addition, analyze the change rate of the tilt angle. If the tilt angle increases rapidly in a short period of time, it means that the tilt deformation of the tunnel has intensified and it is necessary to check and handle it in time; at the same time, combine the data of other sensors such as temperature, humidity, and vibration sensors on the balance monitoring device 202 to comprehensively judge whether the tilt deformation is related to environmental factors. For example, a sharp change in temperature may cause uneven thermal expansion and contraction of the structural materials, resulting in tunnel tilt;

[0083] For the data of the vibration sensor 305 and strain gauges in the bolt device 30, reasonable thresholds are preset in advance; when the intensity of the vibration signal detected by the vibration sensor exceeds the threshold, it indicates that large deformation may have occurred on the inner wall of the tunnel or it has been impacted externally, resulting in abnormal vibration of the bolt 303; if the strain value measured by the strain gauge exceeds the preset strain threshold, it indicates that the force on the bolt 303 has changed significantly, which may be due to displacement or deformation of the inner wall of the tunnel; combining the changes in the vibration signal and strain value, comprehensively judge whether there is deformation on the inner wall of the tunnel, as well as the degree and trend of the deformation; for example, if the vibration signal continues to increase and the strain value keeps increasing, it indicates that the deformation of the inner wall of the tunnel is intensifying, and further attention and measures need to be taken;

[0084] In addition to paying attention to whether a single monitoring point exceeds the threshold, the change trend of the monitoring data over time can also be analyzed; by plotting data curves such as the curve of strain versus time, the curve of the change in position versus time, etc., observe the change trend of the data; if the data shows a continuous upward, downward or abnormal fluctuation trend, even if it has not exceeded the threshold, it may indicate that potential changes are occurring in the tunnel structure, and close attention and in-depth analysis are required; for example, the change in the position of the laser locator 20101 gradually increases over a period of time. Although it has not reached the threshold, this trend may indicate that the tunnel is slowly deforming in this direction, and timely warning and measures need to be taken.

[0085] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention; therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation monitoring device, comprising an arch support device (10), a mobile monitoring device (20) and an anchor device (30), characterized in that: The arch support device (10) is composed of an outer ring (101) and an inner ring (102), and an adjustment groove (103) is reserved between the outer ring (101) and the inner ring (102); an outer ring wall of the outer ring (101) is provided with an inwardly recessed pulley groove, and an outer ring wall of the inner ring (102) and an inner ring wall of the outer ring (101) are both provided with a gear groove (104), and a uniform outwardly protruding tooth edge is provided in the gear groove (104) of the inner ring (102); The anchor rod device (30) is evenly distributed along the top of the rear side wall of the outer ring (101), and comprises a fixing block (301), a fixing bolt (302) and an anchor rod (303), wherein an anchor rod head (304) is installed at one end of the anchor rod (303) away from the inner wall of the tunnel; The mobile monitoring device (20) comprises a mobile positioning device (201) and a balance monitoring device (202); The mobile positioning device (201) comprises a laser positioning device (20101), a displacement drive motor (20105) and a suspension frame (20106), wherein the top of the suspension frame (20106) is clamped on the outer ring wall of the outer ring (101); the middle part of the suspension frame (20106) is equipped with a displacement drive motor (20105), and the rear end of the displacement drive motor (20105) is equipped with a driving wheel (20108), and the driving wheel (20108) is clamped backwards in the gear groove (104); The balance monitoring device (202) comprises a balance frame (20201), a winch (20202), a drooping monitor (20203), a mounting frame (20206), a fixing frame (20208) and a balance shaft (20209); the balance monitoring device (202) is located at the rear side of the outer ring (101) and is supported by the mobile positioning device (201), and the balance monitoring device (202) and the mobile positioning device (201) move synchronously; The drooping monitor (20203) is located below the center of gravity of the balancing frame (20201); the pendant line structure formed by the balancing frame (20201) and the drooping monitor (20203) always maintains a vertical downward state; and a gyroscope is installed in the inner cavity of the drooping monitor (20203).

2. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support feet are arranged at the bottom of the left and right ends of the arch support device (10), and the support feet are installed in the tunnel by welding or bolting, and the outer ring (101) and the inner ring (102) are fixed on the support feet; a lateral positioner (40) is installed on the rear side of the outer ring (101), and the lateral positioner (40) includes a laser emitter and a laser reflector, and the laser emitter and the laser reflector are symmetrical.

3. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing bolt (302) is fixed on the side wall of the outer ring (101); the fixing block (301) is L-shaped, and one side of the fixing block (301) is rotatably sleeved on the fixing bolt (302); an anchor hole is provided on the other side of the fixing block (301); the anchor (303) is inserted into the anchor hole; the anchor (303) extends outward and is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel; a vibration sensor (305) is installed in the anchor head (304); and a strain gauge is installed at the connection between the anchor head (304) and the anchor (303).

4. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pulley (20107) is installed on one side of the suspension frame (20106) close to the pulley groove of the outer ring (101), and the pulley (20107) is installed downward in the pulley groove; the height of the suspension frame (20106) is lower than the length of the fixing block (301), and when the fixing block (301) is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel, it does not affect the movement of the suspension frame (20106); the driving wheel (20108) is evenly provided with tooth grooves that are recessed inwards, and the tooth grooves are inwardly meshed with the tooth edges; the mobile monitoring device (20) drives the driving wheel (20108) to move orderly in the gear groove (104) by using the displacement driving motor (20105); a circular protective disc is installed at a position close to the outer ring (101) of the displacement driving motor (20105), and a ball is provided at the connection between the circular protective disc and the outer ring (101) to assist the movement and reduce friction when the mobile monitoring device (20) is displaced.

5. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A laser locator (20101) is installed at the bottom of the suspension frame (20106), and the laser locator (20101) emits a laser beam backwards. A reflector (20104) is installed at the front end of the laser locator (20101). When in use, multiple groups of monitoring devices are installed in the tunnel, and adjacent monitoring devices correspond to each other front and back. Any laser locator (20101) corresponds to the adjacent reflector (20104) front and back. Two upper and lower fans (20103) are arranged on the outside of the laser locator (20101), and the two fans (20103) blow the hot air in the laser locator (20101) outwards. In addition, a plurality of heat sinks (20102) are plugged into the inner cavity of the laser locator (20101), and the heat sinks (20102) are heat conducting plates responsible for transferring the heat inside the laser locator (20101) through heat conduction, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

6. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A balancing shaft (20209) is installed in the middle of the mounting frame (2206), a supporting sleeve (20207) is installed on the front side of the balancing shaft (20209), the supporting sleeve (20207) is sleeved forward on the transmission shaft of the displacement drive motor (2105), and a self-rotating bearing is provided at one end of the inner cavity of the supporting sleeve (20207) close to the transmission shaft, so that the supporting sleeve (20207) will not rotate with the transmission shaft; The fixing frames (20208) are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the mounting frame (20206), and the other end of the fixing frame (20208) is fixed on the circular protective plate. At the same time, a fixing rod is connected between the fixing frame (20208) and the supporting sleeve (20207).

7. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A balancing frame (20201) is provided at the rear end of the mounting frame (2206); the balancing frame (20201) is fixed to the rear end of the balancing shaft (20209); a rotating bearing is installed at the connection between the balancing frame (20201) and the balancing shaft (20209); the balancing frame (20201) rotates with the balancing shaft (20209) as a support point; A winch (2202) is installed below the balance frame (2201), a drooping monitor (20203) is provided at the bottom of the winch (20202), and a suspension rope (20204) is connected between the drooping monitor (20203) and the winch (20202).

8. A tunnel deformation monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A counterweight is provided at the bottom of the drooping monitor (2203); a monitoring sensor mounting frame (2205) is installed on the top of the balance frame (20201), and a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, and a GPS / Beidou locator are installed on the monitoring sensor mounting frame (20205).

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