Self-adaptive eccentric compensation sensibilization type pressure ring sensor and loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a self-adaptive eccentric compensation sensitization type pressure ring sensor and a loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof. The sensor comprises an upper force transmission unit, a lower force transmission unit and a measuring elastomer unit. The sensor adopts the structural design of spherical contact, load eccentricity caused by uneven contact between contact planes can be automatically adjusted and compensated, and the influence of eccentricity on a measurement result is reduced. The built sensor loading and unloading measurement model can accurately monitor the bolt fastening force in real time. The sensor measures the deformation of the elastomer unit by adopting the fiber bragg grating, and has the advantages of high precision and good reliability. In addition, the pressure measurement result of the sensor is irrelevant to the friction coefficient of the contact surface between the sensor and the nut and the structure, and the measurement precision of the sensor in practical application is further improved. The self-adaptive eccentric compensation sensibilization type pressure ring sensor has the advantages of being small in size, large in measuring range, high in precision, capable of automatically correcting deviation, good in reliability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of sensor technology, and in particular to an adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor and a method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model thereof. Background Art

[0002] Bolt connections are widely used in node connections of various structures due to their advantages such as easy operation, reliable force transmission and good economy. High-strength bolts are used in key parts of structures. However, if the bolt preload is set improperly, it will lead to connection failure and affect the overall performance and safety of the structure. Washer-type pressure ring sensor is one of the most commonly used sensing technologies for measuring bolt tightening force. Washer-type pressure sensors mainly measure pressure loads by measuring the circumferential deformation or axial deformation of the sensor measuring unit under external loads. However, in practical applications, there may be uneven contact surfaces or material defects between the sensor and the nut or structure, which may cause the sensor to bear eccentric loads and affect the accuracy of the measurement results. In order to accurately measure the eccentric pressure, multiple strain measurement units need to be set around the sensor. For washer-type pressure ring sensors that measure axial deformation, this increases the size and complexity of the structure itself, which affects the installation of the nut and the overall performance of the structure to a certain extent; and for washer-type pressure ring sensors that measure circumferential deformation, although the structure size is small, the measurement results of such sensors are largely affected by the friction coefficient of the contact surface between the sensor and the structure and the nut, so the measurement accuracy is not high in actual engineering.

[0003] In summary, due to the limitation of the measuring principle, the existing gasket-type pressure ring sensor cannot achieve the ideal engineering application goal of small sensor size, large measuring range, high accuracy and no influence of eccentric load. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of existing gasket-type pressure sensors, such as large volume, limited range, poor measurement accuracy and susceptibility to eccentric loads. An adaptive eccentricity compensation and enhanced sensitivity pressure ring sensor and a loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof are proposed.

[0005] The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme. The present invention proposes an adaptive eccentric compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor, the sensor comprising an upper force transmission unit 1, a lower force transmission unit 2, a measuring elastic body unit 3, an upper protective cover plate 4 and a lower protective cover plate 5;

[0006] The upper force transmission unit 1, the lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastic body unit 3 are provided with concentric through holes 11 for bolts to pass through; the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 is an outwardly protruding spherical torus; the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2 is an outwardly protruding spherical torus; the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit 3 each include an inwardly concave spherical torus; these two spherical toruses are in close contact with the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 and the spherical torus on the lower force transmission unit 2 respectively; the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 has two horizontal stepped layers, the outermost layer is in contact with the surface of the nut The upper protective cover plate 4 is bonded to the upper surface of the measuring elastomer unit 3 by epoxy resin, and the middle suspended part of the upper protective cover plate 4 is in contact with the second horizontal step on the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit 1, so as to limit the excessive deflection of the upper force transmission unit 1; the lower surface of the lower force transmission unit 2 has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the structural surface; the lower protective cover plate 5 is bonded to the lower surface of the measuring elastomer unit 3 by epoxy resin, and the middle suspended part of the lower protective cover plate 5 is in contact with the second horizontal step on the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2, so as to limit the excessive deflection of the lower force transmission unit 2.

[0007] Furthermore, a large annular shallow groove 7 is provided in the middle position of the outer side of the measuring elastomer unit 3, and a small annular shallow groove 8 is provided in the large annular shallow groove 7, and two or more fiber grating strain measurement units 9 are evenly arranged in the small annular shallow groove 8; the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9 is bonded to the small annular shallow groove 8 by glue; and a fiber grating temperature measurement unit 10 is provided in the large annular shallow groove 7.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer side of the measuring elastomer unit 3 is surrounded by an external protective shell 6 and fixed by spot welding at the overlapping part, and the external protective shell 6 is used to protect the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 from being damaged by external forces; after the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 are connected in series with optical fiber, the optical fiber passes through the small hole 12 in the middle of the external protective shell 6 and is connected to the fiber Bragg grating demodulator for measurement.

[0009] Furthermore, a lubricant is added between the spherical contact surfaces of the measuring elastic unit 3 and the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 to reduce the friction coefficient between the measuring unit 3 and the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 .

[0010] Furthermore, when the bolt tightening force transmits the pressure to the sensitive spherical washer type pressure sensor through the structure / nut, the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 transmit the pressure to the measuring elastomer unit 3 through the spherical contact surface between them and the measuring elastomer unit 3, resulting in annular expansion of the outer side of the measuring elastomer unit 3; the expansion strain is measured by the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9, and after the temperature influence is eliminated by the fiber grating temperature measurement unit 10 data, the pressure value of the sensor, i.e., the bolt tightening force, is converted according to the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure ring sensor.

[0011] Furthermore, when the contact surface between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the nut / structure is uneven or material defects occur, generating eccentric bolt tightening force, the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 will adaptively deflect through the design of the spherical contact structure, automatically adjust and compensate for the angular deviation between the planes, and reduce the influence of eccentricity on the measurement results of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and enhanced sensitivity pressure ring sensor.

[0012] Furthermore, the sensor measurement sensitivity is increased by reducing the diameter of the spherical torus surface in contact with the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastomer unit 3, reducing the annular expansion deformation stiffness of the measuring elastomer unit 3, and reducing the contact friction coefficient between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastomer unit 3.

[0013] The present invention also proposes a method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model based on the sensor. In the process of increasing or decreasing the bolt tightening force, that is, in the process of loading or unloading the adaptive eccentric compensation sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor, the direction of the friction force between the contact surfaces of the upper force transmission unit 1, the lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastic body unit 3 will change; based on this, it is considered to establish measurement models for the loading and unloading stages respectively to improve the measurement accuracy of the sensor; the method steps include:

[0014] Step 1: Load the sensor step by step to the measuring range at 10KN per level and then unload it step by step. At the same time, use the fiber demodulator to read the grating wavelength offset of the corresponding fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9 and take the average value;

[0015] Step 2: Normalize the load and wavelength offset average values ​​respectively by dividing by the maximum value of the data;

[0016] Step 3: linearly fit the data of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor in the loading stage to obtain a loading measurement model of the sensor;

[0017] Step 4: Perform piecewise linear fitting on the data of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor during the unloading process to obtain the unloading measurement model of the sensor.

[0018] The present invention also proposes an electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model based on the sensor are implemented.

[0019] The present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model based on the sensor.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The adaptive eccentric compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor in the present application, when the contact surface between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the nut / structure is uneven or material defects produce eccentric bolt tightening force, the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 will adaptively deflect through the design of the spherical contact structure, automatically adjust and compensate for the angular deviation between the planes, reduce the influence of eccentricity on the measurement results of the adaptive eccentric compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor, and improve the measurement sensitivity of the sensor under eccentric load; the three-layer structure pressure measurement mechanism inside the sensor can greatly reduce the size of the sensor, and by changing the structural parameters therein, a sensor with a specific sensitivity can be obtained, which is convenient for the application of the sensor in actual engineering; in addition, the measuring elastomer unit 3 inside the sensor does not directly contact the external structure or nut, so the sensor pressure measurement structure will not be affected by the friction coefficient of the contact surface between the sensor and the nut or structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 The cross-sectional view AA of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 The cross-sectional view BB of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor of the present invention;

[0026] Markings in the figure: 1-upper force transmission unit, 2-lower force transmission unit, 3-measuring elastic unit, 4-upper protective cover, 5-lower protective cover, 6-external protective shell, 7-large annular shallow groove, 8-small annular shallow groove, 9-fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit, 10-fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit, 11-concentric through hole for bolts to pass through, 12-small hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Combination Figure 1-Figure 3 The present invention proposes an adaptive eccentric compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor, the sensor comprising an upper force transmission unit 1, a lower force transmission unit 2, a measuring elastic body unit 3, an upper protective cover plate 4 and a lower protective cover plate 5;

[0029] The upper force transmission unit 1, the lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastic body unit 3 are provided with concentric through holes 11 for bolts to pass through; the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 is an outwardly protruding spherical torus; the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2 is an outwardly protruding spherical torus; the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit 3 each include an inwardly concave spherical torus; these two spherical toruses are in close contact with the spherical torus on the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 respectively; the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the surface of the nut; The upper protective cover plate 4 is bonded to the upper surface of the measuring elastomer unit 3 by epoxy resin, and the middle suspended part of the upper protective cover plate 4 is in contact with the second horizontal step on the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit 1, so as to limit the excessive deflection of the upper force transmission unit 1; the lower surface of the lower force transmission unit 2 has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the structural surface; the lower protective cover plate 5 is bonded to the lower surface of the measuring elastomer unit 3 by epoxy resin, and the middle suspended part of the lower protective cover plate 5 is in contact with the second horizontal step on the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2, so as to limit the excessive deflection of the lower force transmission unit 2.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, a large annular shallow groove 7 is provided in the middle position of the outer side of the measuring elastomer unit 3, and a small annular shallow groove 8 is provided in the large annular shallow groove 7, and two or more fiber grating strain measurement units 9 are evenly arranged in the small annular shallow groove 8; the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9 is bonded to the small annular shallow groove 8 by glue; and a fiber grating temperature measurement unit 10 is provided in the large annular shallow groove 7.

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the outer side of the measuring elastomer unit 3 is surrounded by an external protective shell 6 and fixed by spot welding at the overlapping part. The external protective shell 6 is used to protect the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 from being damaged by external forces. After the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 are connected in series with optical fibers, the optical fibers pass through the small hole 12 in the middle of the external protective shell 6 and are connected to the fiber Bragg grating demodulator for measurement.

[0032] Lubricant is added between the spherical contact surfaces of the measuring elastic unit 3 and the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 to reduce the friction coefficient between the measuring unit 3 and the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2.

[0033] When the bolt tightening force transmits the pressure to the enhanced-sensitivity spherical washer pressure sensor through the structure / nut, the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 transmit the pressure to the measuring elastic body unit 3 through the spherical contact surface between them and the measuring elastic body unit 3, resulting in annular expansion on the outside of the measuring elastic body unit 3; the expansion strain is measured by the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9, and after eliminating the temperature influence using the data of the fiber grating temperature measurement unit 10, the pressure value of the sensor, i.e., the bolt tightening force, is converted according to the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure ring sensor; when the contact surface between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the nut / structure is uneven or material defects produce eccentric bolt tightening force, through the design of the spherical contact structure, the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 will adaptively deflect, automatically adjust and compensate for the angular deviation between the planes, and reduce the influence of eccentricity on the measurement result of the enhanced-sensitivity spherical washer pressure sensor.

[0034] The present invention can also increase the measurement sensitivity of the sensor by reducing the diameter of the spherical torus surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastic body unit 3, reducing the annular expansion deformation stiffness of the measuring elastic body unit 3, and reducing the contact friction coefficient between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastic body unit 3.

[0035] The present invention also proposes a method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model based on the adaptive eccentric compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor. In the process of increasing or decreasing the bolt tightening force, that is, in the process of loading or unloading the adaptive eccentric compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor, the direction of the friction force between the contact surfaces of the upper force transmission unit 1, the lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastic body unit 3 will change; based on this, it is considered to establish measurement models for the loading and unloading stages respectively to improve the measurement accuracy of the sensor; the method steps include:

[0036] Step 1: Load the sensor step by step to the measuring range at 10KN per level and then unload it step by step. At the same time, use the fiber demodulator to read the grating wavelength offset of the corresponding fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9 and take the average value;

[0037] Step 2: Normalize the load and wavelength offset average values ​​respectively by dividing by the maximum value of the data;

[0038] Step 3: linearly fit the data of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor in the loading stage to obtain a loading measurement model of the sensor;

[0039] Step 4: Perform piecewise linear fitting on the data of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor during the unloading process to obtain the unloading measurement model of the sensor.

[0040] The present invention relates to an adaptive eccentric compensation and enhanced sensitivity type pressure ring sensor and a method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model thereof. Bolt connection is widely used in node connection of various structures, and high-strength bolts are used in key parts of structures. However, if the bolt preload is improperly set, it will cause connection failure and affect the overall performance and safety of the structure. The washer type pressure sensor is one of the commonly used sensing technologies for bolt tightening force measurement. However, due to the limitation of traditional measurement principles, the existing washer type pressure sensor has many problems such as large volume, limited range, and the measurement result is affected by the eccentric load and the friction between the sensor and the nut / structure. To this end, the present invention proposes an adaptive eccentric compensation and enhanced sensitivity type pressure ring sensor. The sensor adopts a spherical washer type structural design, which can automatically adjust and compensate for the angle deviation between the contact planes and reduce the influence of eccentricity on the measurement results. The established sensor loading and unloading measurement model can monitor the bolt tightening force in real time and accurately. The deformation of the sensor measurement unit is measured by fiber grating, which has the advantages of high precision and good reliability. In addition, the sensor pressure measurement result is also independent of the friction coefficient of the contact surface between the sensor and the nut and the structure, which further improves the measurement accuracy of the sensor in practical applications. The sensitivity-enhanced spherical washer type pressure sensor of the present invention has the advantages of small size, large measuring range, high precision, automatic deviation correction, good reliability and the like.

[0041] The present invention also proposes an electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model based on the sensor are implemented.

[0042] The present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model based on the sensor.

[0043] The memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus RAM (DRRAM). It should be noted that the memory of the method described in the present invention is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0044] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website site, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, server or data center. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a high-density digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (eg, a solid state disc (SSD)).

[0045] In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in the form of software. The steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiment of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware processor for execution, or a combination of hardware and software modules in a processor for execution. The software module can be located in a storage medium mature in the art such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in conjunction with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it is not described in detail here.

[0046] It should be noted that the processor in the embodiment of the present application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method embodiment can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor or an instruction in the form of software. The above processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to perform, or the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor can be combined and performed. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0047] The above is a detailed introduction to the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor and the loading and unloading measurement model construction method proposed in the present invention. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; at the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor, characterized in that: The sensor comprises an upper force transmission unit (1), a lower force transmission unit (2), a measuring elastic body unit (3), an upper protective cover plate (4) and a lower protective cover plate (5); The upper force transmission unit (1), the lower force transmission unit (2) and the measuring elastic body unit (3) are provided with concentric through holes (11) for allowing bolts to pass through; the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) is an outwardly protruding spherical torus; the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit (2) is an outwardly protruding spherical torus; the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit (3) each include an inwardly concave spherical torus; the two spherical torus are respectively in close contact with the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) and the spherical torus on the lower force transmission unit (2); the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) has two horizontal stepped layers, the outermost layer being in contact with the surface of the nut; The upper protective cover plate (4) is bonded to the upper surface of the measuring elastic body unit (3) by epoxy resin, and the middle suspended portion of the upper protective cover plate (4) contacts the second horizontal step of the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) to limit excessive deflection of the upper force transmission unit (1); the lower surface of the lower force transmission unit (2) has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer contacts the structural surface; the lower protective cover plate (5) is bonded to the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit (3) by epoxy resin, and the middle suspended portion of the lower protective cover plate (5) contacts the second horizontal step of the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit (2) to limit excessive deflection of the lower force transmission unit (2).

2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that A large annular shallow groove (7) is provided at the middle position of the outer side of the measuring elastic body unit (3), and a small annular shallow groove (8) is further provided in the large annular shallow groove (7), and two or more fiber grating strain measurement units (9) are evenly arranged in the small annular shallow groove (8); the fiber grating strain measurement unit (9) is bonded to the small annular shallow groove (8) by glue; and a fiber grating temperature measurement unit (10) is provided in the large annular shallow groove (7).

3. The sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that The outer side of the measuring elastic body unit (3) is surrounded by an external protective shell (6) and fixed by spot welding at the overlapped part. The external protective shell (6) is used to protect the fiber optic Bragg grating strain measurement unit (9) and the fiber optic Bragg grating temperature measurement unit (10) from being damaged by external forces. After the fiber optic Bragg grating strain measurement unit (9) and the fiber optic Bragg grating temperature measurement unit (10) are connected in series by optical fibers, the optical fibers pass through the small hole (12) in the middle of the external protective shell (6) and are connected to a fiber optic Bragg grating demodulator for measurement.

4. The sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that Lubricant is added between the spherical contact surfaces of the measuring elastic unit (3) and the upper force transmission unit (1) and the lower force transmission unit (2) to reduce the friction coefficient between the measuring unit (3) and the upper force transmission unit (1) and the lower force transmission unit (2).

5. The sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that When the bolt tightening force transmits the pressure to the sensitivity-enhancing spherical washer-type pressure sensor through the structure / nut, the upper force transmission unit (1) and the lower force transmission unit (2) transmit the pressure to the measuring elastic body unit (3) through the spherical contact surface between them and the measuring elastic body unit (3), causing annular expansion to occur on the outside of the measuring elastic body unit (3); the expansion strain is measured by the fiber optic Bragg grating strain measurement unit (9), and after the temperature influence is eliminated using the data of the fiber optic Bragg grating temperature measurement unit (10), the pressure value received by the sensor, i.e., the bolt tightening force, is converted according to the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure ring sensor.

6. The sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that When the contact surface between the upper force transmission unit (1) / lower force transmission unit (2) and the nut / structure is uneven or material defects occur to generate eccentric bolt tightening force, the upper force transmission unit (1) / lower force transmission unit (2) will adaptively deflect through the design of the spherical contact structure, automatically adjust and compensate for the angular deviation between the planes, and reduce the influence of eccentricity on the measurement results of the adaptive eccentricity compensation enhanced sensitivity pressure ring sensor.

7. The sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that The measurement sensitivity of the sensor is increased by reducing the diameter of the spherical annular surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) / lower force transmission unit (2) and the measuring elastic body unit (3), reducing the annular expansion deformation stiffness of the measuring elastic body unit (3), and reducing the contact friction coefficient between the upper force transmission unit (1) / lower force transmission unit (2) and the measuring elastic body unit (3).

8. A method for constructing a loading and unloading measurement model of a sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the process of increasing or decreasing the bolt tightening force, that is, during the process of loading or unloading the adaptive eccentric compensation sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor, the direction of the friction force between the contact surfaces of the upper force transmission unit (1), the lower force transmission unit (2) and the measuring elastic body unit (3) will change; Based on this, it is considered to establish measurement models for the loading and unloading stages respectively to improve the measurement accuracy of the sensor; The method steps include: Step 1: Load the sensor step by step to the measuring range at 10 kN per level and then unload it step by step, and at the same time use a fiber demodulator to read the grating wavelength offset of the corresponding fiber grating strain measurement unit (9) and take the average value; Step 2: Normalize the load and wavelength offset average values ​​respectively by dividing by the maximum value of the data; Step 3: linearly fit the data of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor in the loading stage to obtain a loading measurement model of the sensor; Step 4: Perform piecewise linear fitting on the data of the adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity-enhanced pressure ring sensor during the unloading process to obtain the unloading measurement model of the sensor.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to claim 8 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, characterized in that: When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the method of claim 8 are implemented.

Images