Coal mine soft rock roadway surrounding rock large deformation damage simulation experiment system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway surrounding rock simulation experiments, and discloses a coal mine soft rock roadway surrounding rock large deformation damage simulation experiment system which comprises a box body, inner plates are symmetrically and fixedly connected in the box body, side plates are vertically and slidably connected to the inner sides of the two inner plates, and a supporting plate is fixedly connected to the middle of each side plate. Sensors are evenly installed in the supporting plate, the space defined by the inner plate and the side plates is filled with soft rock, and a testing mechanism is arranged in the box body. The testing mechanism comprises two side face assemblies and a bottom end assembly, and the two side face assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the inner plate and used for applying pressure to the side faces of the soft rock and obtaining data in cooperation with a sensor. According to the invention, multidirectional pressure application simulation is carried out on the surrounding rock state of the soft rock roadway, more soft rock deformation data can be simulated under the cooperation of acting forces in different directions and different rates, targeted measures can be carried out in time according to the data, and a powerful guarantee is provided for ensuring the safety and stability of the roadway and providing coal mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel surrounding rock simulation experiments, and in particular to a large deformation and destruction simulation experiment system for surrounding rock of a soft rock tunnel in a coal mine. Background Art

[0002] Coal mine soft rock tunnels are passages excavated in all directions in deep wells such as coal mines. They refer to tunnels excavated during the coal mining process due to complex geological conditions and soft rock strata. They are mainly used for transporting coal, ventilation, drainage, and personnel entry and exit.

[0003] Soft rock tunnels in coal mines are characterized by easy deformation and long deformation time, spatial effect and stress characteristics, poor self-stabilization ability and high support pressure. Soft rock tunnels in coal mines are very easy to deform, and the deformation lasts for a long time, sometimes lasting about 2 months, or even half a year, with a high deformation rate. Once there are signs of deformation, the deformation range will expand rapidly; the tunnel is under pressure on all sides and is asymmetric, with a large amount of roof sinking and easy to fall off, and may be accompanied by strong bottom drum phenomenon and violent displacement of the two sides; the self-stabilization time of soft rock tunnels in coal mines is insufficient, and the deformation of the surrounding rock is very sensitive to stress disturbance and environmental changes; the tunnel support pressure mainly comes from the surrounding areas, and the soft rock layer has a loose soil structure and cannot effectively bear the weight of the upper rock layer.

[0004] Soft rock tunnels in coal mines are an indispensable part of the coal mining process, but their easy deformation and complex stress characteristics also bring challenges to support technology.

[0005] In order to ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel and provide strong protection for coal mining, it is necessary to conduct simulation experiments on the soft rock tunnels in coal mines. However, the existing simulation experiment system has relatively single functions and cannot simulate the complex changes of soft rock tunnels during deformation.

[0006] Therefore, a large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine is proposed to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems raised in the background technology, the present invention provides a large deformation and damage simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine.

[0008] The present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a large deformation and damage simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine, comprising a box body, inner plates are symmetrically fixedly connected in the box body, side plates are vertically slidably connected to the inner sides of the two inner plates, a support plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the side plate, and sensors are evenly installed in the support plate, the space enclosed by the inner plate and the side plate is filled with soft rock, and a testing mechanism is arranged in the box body;

[0009] The testing mechanism includes a side component and a bottom component. The side components are divided into two groups and are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the inner plate, and are used to apply pressure to the soft rock side and cooperate with the sensor to obtain data. The bottom components are divided into two groups and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom end of the side plate, and are respectively connected to the adjacent side components. A coordination unit is provided at the connection between the side components and the bottom components connected in pairs. The coordination unit is used to connect the side components and the bottom components. During the side test, the bottom of the soft rock can be selectively simulated to be synchronously pressed.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the side component includes a plurality of connecting holes evenly penetrating the inner plate, the plurality of connecting holes are divided into two groups and are arranged parallel to each other, and limiting grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the inner walls of the plurality of connecting holes, and top pressure blocks are connected in a relatively horizontal sliding manner in the plurality of limiting grooves, annular limiting blocks are fixedly connected in the plurality of top pressure blocks, and rotating blocks are rotatably connected in the plurality of annular limiting blocks, and rotating rods 1 are fixedly connected in the middle of the outer walls of the plurality of rotating blocks, and the rotating rods 1 and the annular limiting blocks are coaxially arranged with the matching connecting holes, and spirally closed circulation grooves are evenly provided on the outer walls of the plurality of rotating rods 1.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the outer walls of the multiple connecting holes are fixedly connected with ring blocks, and the ring blocks are coaxially arranged with the adjacent connecting holes, the multiple ring blocks are rotatably connected with gears one, the middle parts of the multiple gears one are all arranged with circular holes, and ball blocks are fixedly connected in the circular holes, and the multiple ball blocks are slidably connected with matching circulation grooves.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the outer sides of the two groups of gear 1 are meshedly connected with chain 1, and the outer walls of the two gear 1s located in the middle of each group are fixedly connected with gear 2, the inner sides of the two gear 2s are meshedly connected with gear 3, the middle of the outer wall of gear 3 is fixedly connected with rotating rod 2, the rotating rod 2 passes through the outer wall of the box body and is fixedly connected to a motor, and the motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box body.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the bottom end component includes a limiting slide groove symmetrically extending through the bottom of the inner plate, and the limiting slide groove is arranged in the middle of the inner plate, and the two limiting slide grooves are slidably connected with a rotating rod three, the middle of the outer wall of the two rotating rods three are fixedly connected with a gear seven, the middle of the outer sides of the two rotating rods three are rotatably connected with a connecting plate, the two connecting plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the bottom end of the side plate, and the middle of the inner sides of the two rotating rods three are fixedly connected with a cam.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above scheme, horizontal grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the inner wall of the box, and positioning pieces are horizontally slidably connected in the two horizontal grooves, and positioning plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box located on the outside of the horizontal grooves, and spring two is connected between the positioning plate and the positioning piece. The positioning piece is L-shaped when viewed from above, the bottom end of the L is connected to spring two, and the middle part of the inner side of the L is rotatably connected to gear six.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above scheme, chain 2 is sleeved on the outer side of gear 6 and gear 7, and gear 4 is sleeved on the other side of chain 2. Gear 4 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of rotating rod 2, and damping rubber is provided at the connection between gear 4 and rotating rod 2.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a plurality of slot holes are symmetrically and evenly opened at the bottom end of the side panel, and elastic fabric is provided at the connection between the slot holes and the bottom end of the inner wall of the side panel, two groups of springs are symmetrically and fixedly connected on both sides of the bottom end of the side panel, the bottom ends of the two groups of springs are fixedly connected to a horizontal plate, the middle parts of the bottom ends of the two horizontal plates are slidably abutted against the cam, the upper ends of the two horizontal plates are symmetrically and fixedly connected to a plurality of vertical rods, the top ends of the plurality of vertical rods are fixedly connected to a top support block, and the plurality of top support blocks are vertically movable in the corresponding slot holes.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a top plate is installed on the top of the box body, and two hydraulic rods are symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the top plate. The bottom ends of the two hydraulic rods pass through the top plate and are connected to a pressure plate. The pressure plate is movable at the top of the area formed by the inner plate and the side plate, and the box doors are hingedly connected on both sides of the box body.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the coordination unit includes a protrusion circumferentially fixedly connected to one side of gear four, the protrusion is in the shape of an acute-angled triangle, and the tips of multiple protrusions are oriented in the same direction, one side of multiple protrusions are slidably connected to an elastic sheet, multiple elastic sheets are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second rotating rod, and multiple elastic sheets are abutted against the other side of the protrusion.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention can simulate the surrounding rock state of soft rock tunnels in multiple directions. Under the coordination of forces in different directions and different rates, more soft rock deformation data can be simulated. Targeted measures can be taken in a timely manner based on the data to ensure the safety and stability of the tunnels and provide strong protection for coal mining.

[0021] (ii) The present invention utilizes the selectable coordination of the side components and the bottom components to simulate the specific deformation law data of soft rock under complex deformation states, and can also adjust the vertical displacement of the soft rock area surrounded by the inner plate and the side plate, so that with the coordination of the side components and the internal sensors, pressure can be applied to more points and feedback data can be obtained.

[0022] (III) When the present invention utilizes the tensioning member to realize the vertical displacement change in the soft rock area, the transmission connection between the bottom component and the side component can be guaranteed to meet different simulation requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of a large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of a soft rock tunnel in a coal mine provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the top view structure of ;

[0025] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the AA direction;

[0026] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the middle BB direction;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structural connection state of the testing mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structural connection state of the tensioning component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bottom assembly of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the side assembly of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side assembly of the present invention in an exploded state;

[0032] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coordination unit of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.11 For the present invention Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the front view structure.

[0034] Description of main symbols:

[0035] 1. Box body; 2. Box door; 3. Top plate; 4. Inner plate; 5. Side plate; 6. Support plate; 7. Hydraulic rod; 8. Connecting hole; 9. Limiting groove; 10. Ring block; 11. Top pressure block; 12. Rotating block; 13. Rotating rod one; 14. Circulation groove; 15. Gear one; 16. Limiting slide groove; 17. Chain one; 18. Gear two; 19. Gear three; 20. Rotating rod two; 21. Motor; 22. Gear four; 23. Bump; 24. Elastic sheet; 25. Chain two; 26. Spring one; 27. Gear six; 28. Positioning piece; 29. ​​Spring two; 30. Positioning plate; 31. Horizontal groove; 32. Gear seven; 33. Rotating rod three; 34. Cam; 35. Connecting plate; 36. Cross plate; 37. Vertical rod; 38. Top supporting block; 39. Slot hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment.

[0037] Example 1: Please combine Figure 1-Figure 5 as well as Figure 8 and Fig. 9 , a large deformation and destruction simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine of the present embodiment comprises a box body 1, an inner plate 4 is symmetrically fixedly connected in the box body 1, and side plates 5 are vertically slidably connected to the inner sides of the two inner plates 4, specifically, vertical sliding grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the side plates 5, and the vertical sliding grooves are slidably connected to the inner protrusions of the inner plates 4, and a support plate 6 is fixedly connected to the middle of the side plates 5, wherein the inner plate 4 and the side plates 5 are hard materials, and the support plate 6 is a deformable material, including but not limited to hard plastic, and the support plate 6 is set in a shape close to the inner wall of the tunnel, and a plurality of pressure sensors and displacement sensors are evenly installed in the support plate 6, wherein the inner plate 4, the side plate 5 and the support plate 6 extend in the same direction, and the three are relatively horizontally arranged, and the space enclosed by the inner plate 4 and the side plate 5 is filled with soft rock, wherein the soft rock is a homogeneous sample in the study area, and a testing mechanism is set in the box body 1, wherein the box body 1, the inner plate 4, the side plate 5 and the support plate 6 are all transparent materials.

[0038] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5The test mechanism includes a side component and a bottom component. The side components are two groups symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the inner plate 4, which are used to apply pressure to the soft rock side and cooperate with the sensor to obtain data. The bottom components are two groups symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom end of the side plate 5, and are respectively connected to the adjacent side components. A coordination unit is provided at the connection between the side components and the bottom components connected in pairs. Specifically, the coordination unit can change with the different driving directions of the side components to realize whether the side components can be connected to the bottom components for transmission. The coordination unit is used to connect the side components and the bottom components, and can selectively perform side tests while also simulating bottom pressure on the bottom.

[0039] See also Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Fig. 9 The side components include a plurality of connecting holes 8 uniformly penetrated and opened at the inner plate 4, the plurality of connecting holes 8 are in two groups and are arranged in parallel with each other, the inner walls of the plurality of connecting holes 8 are symmetrically provided with limiting grooves 9 on both sides, the plurality of limiting grooves 9 are relatively horizontally slidably connected with top pressing blocks 11, the plurality of top pressing blocks 11 are hollow, and the hollow direction is toward the outer wall of the inner plate 4, the plurality of top pressing blocks 11 are fixedly connected with annular limiting blocks, the plurality of annular limiting blocks are rotatably connected with rotating blocks 12, and the outer walls of the plurality of rotating blocks 12 are The middle part is fixedly connected with a rotating rod 13, and the rotating rod 13 and the annular limit block are coaxially arranged with the matching connecting hole 8. The outer walls of multiple rotating rods 13 are uniformly provided with spirally closed circulation grooves 14. Specifically, the circulation grooves 14 are spirally closed sliding grooves connected end to end, wherein the limit grooves 9 do not penetrate the connecting hole 8 and are located on the outside of the inner plate 4. The outer walls of multiple connecting holes 8 are fixedly connected with ring blocks 10, and the ring blocks 10 are coaxially arranged with the adjacent connecting holes 8. Multiple ring blocks 10 are rotatably connected There is a gear 15, and a plurality of gears 15 are provided with a circular hole in the middle, and a ball block is fixedly connected in the circular hole, and the plurality of ball blocks are slidably connected with the matching circulation groove 14, and when the gear 15 rotates, the ball block and the circulation groove 14 slide, so that the rotating rod 13 can push the top pressure block 11 to slide back and forth relatively horizontally in the connecting hole 8, and the top pressure block 11 can press the soft rock when sliding inward, and the outer sides of the plurality of gears 15 on the same horizontal line are meshed and connected with a chain 17, and the two gears 15 in the middle are meshed and connected with the chain 17. The outer wall of each gear 15 is fixedly connected with a gear 2 18, the inner sides of the two gears 2 18 are meshedly connected with a gear 3 19, the middle part of the outer wall of the gear 3 19 is fixedly connected with a rotating rod 20, the rotating rod 20 penetrates the outer wall of the box body 1 and is fixedly connected with a motor 21, and the motor 21 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box body 1. Specifically, multiple gears 15 on the same horizontal line are meshed and driven by a single chain 17, and the power transmission of the motor 21 is realized by using the two gears 2 18 and the gear 3 19 in the middle.

[0040] See also Figure 1-Figure 5A top plate 3 is installed on the top of the box body 1. Specifically, the top plate 3 and the box body 1 are detachably connected, including but not limited to screw fixation. Two hydraulic rods 7 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the top plate 3. The bottom ends of the two hydraulic rods 7 pass through the top plate 3 and are connected to a pressure plate. The pressure plate moves at the top of the area formed by the inner plate 4 and the side plate 5, and the pressure plate can be quickly limited with the inner plate 4 around. Specifically, an electromagnetic device is provided at the pressure plate, which can be adsorbed and limited at the corresponding matching position on the inner side of the inner plate 4, so as to push the entire side plate 5 to change the vertical height displacement at the inner plate 4, which is used to apply pressure to the top of the soft rock in the area of ​​the inner plate 4 and the side plate 5, and to facilitate the removal of soft rock when the top plate 3 is disassembled. Box doors 2 are hinged on both sides of the box body 1 for convenient operation of the interior, and the box doors 2 are also made of transparent material.

[0041] The implementation principle of a large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of a soft rock tunnel in a coal mine in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0042] After opening the hinged door 2 and releasing the limit connection between the top plate 3 and the box body 1, remove the top plate 3, hydraulic rod 7 and pressure plate vertically upward, and fill the area enclosed by the inner plate 4 and the side plate 5 with soft rock of appropriate density. After the equipment is debugged, it is ready for testing.

[0043] When a single side test is required, the hydraulic rod 7 at the top is temporarily not started, and the pressure plate does not contact the soft rock. The motor 21 on the start side rotates in the opposite direction, which will drive the rotating rod 20 and the gear 3 19 to rotate. The gear 3 19 can be connected with the gear 2 18 meshing at both ends to drive the corresponding group of gears 15 to rotate synchronously, and realize the synchronous rotation of the two groups of gears 15 under the meshing of the corresponding chain 17. As the gear 15 rotates at the ring block 10, the ball block in the gear 15 will be slidably connected with the circulation groove 14 on the outer wall of the rotating rod 13, so that multiple rotating rods 13 push the top pressure block 11 to reciprocate horizontally in the connecting hole 8, and when sliding inward, the soft rock in the contact area can be pressurized. The soft rock will deform under pressure and transmit the force to the support plate 6. The sensor at the support plate 6 will timely obtain the displacement and pressure change data, and transmit it to the terminal. According to the pressure change rate, the soft rock changes in different states and deformation cycles.

[0044] When two-side testing is required, repeat the above operation to achieve synchronous pressure operation on the soft rock inside by the mechanisms on both sides, and collect the information to the terminal for comparison and analysis through the sensor that receives the data changes. When testing on two sides, different data can be collected at different rates.

[0045] In the above operation, the pressing plate does not perform limiting adsorption on the soft rock area enclosed by the inner plate 4 and the side plate 5, so the entire enclosed area will move downward to the bottom.

[0046] When top pressure is required for data comparison, the pressure plate is placed against the top of the soft rock, and the magnetic attraction between the pressure plate and the inner plate 4 is utilized to fix the two. The hydraulic rod 7 can be extended and retracted to realize vertical displacement of the soft rock area surrounded by the entire inner plate 4 and the side plate 5, while the positions of the side components on both sides remain unchanged. That is, when the height of the soft rock changes, multiple top pressure blocks 11 can change the changes in the pressure points on the soft rock, thereby expanding the amount of data acquisition.

[0047] Example 2: Combination Figure 3-Figure 7 As well as the ring block 10 and the top pressure block 11, this embodiment is further improved on the basis of the embodiment 1 in that:

[0048] See also Figure 3-Figure 7The bottom end assembly includes a limiting slide groove 16 symmetrically extending through the bottom of the inner plate 4. The limiting slide groove 16 is perpendicular to the inner wall of the bottom end of the box body 1, and the limiting slide groove 16 is arranged in the middle of the inner plate 4. The two limiting slide grooves 16 are slidably connected with a rotating rod 33. When the soft rock area moves down to the bottom, the rotating rod 33 slides to the bottom end of the limiting slide groove 16, thereby supporting the entire soft rock area. The middle of the outer wall of the two rotating rods 33 is fixedly connected with a gear 7 32. The middle of the outer side of the two rotating rods 33 is rotatably connected with a connecting plate 35. The two connecting plates 35 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the side On both sides of the bottom end of the plate 5, the middle parts of the inner sides of the two rotating rods 33 are fixedly connected with cams 34, and horizontal grooves 31 are symmetrically opened on both sides of the inner wall of the box body 1. The horizontal grooves 31 are arranged parallel to the bottom end of the box body 1, and the two horizontal grooves 31 are horizontally slidably connected with positioning members 28. The inner wall of the box body 1 is symmetrically fixedly connected with positioning plates 30 on the outside of the horizontal grooves 31, and springs 29 are connected between the positioning plates 30 and the positioning members 28. The positioning member 28 is L-shaped when viewed from above, and the bottom end of L is connected to the spring 29. The middle part of the inner side of the L is rotatably connected with a gear 6 27, and the gear 6 27 is connected to the gear 7 The outer side of each of the two side plates 32 is sleeved with a chain 25, and the other side of the chain 25 is sleeved with a gear 4 22, and the gear 4 22 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 20, and a damping rubber is arranged at the connection between the gear 4 22 and the rotating rod 20, and specifically, the positioning member 28 is elastically connected with the spring 29 to pull the gear 6 27 to slide, so as to maintain the tension state of the chain 25, and a plurality of slots 39 are symmetrically and evenly opened at the bottom end of the side plate 5, and an elastic cloth is arranged at the connection between the slot 39 and the bottom end of the inner wall of the side plate 5, and two sets of springs 26 are symmetrically and fixedly connected on both sides of the bottom end of the side plate 5, and the bottom of the two sets of springs 26 are symmetrically and fixedly connected. The ends are fixedly connected with cross plates 36, the middle parts of the bottom ends of the two cross plates 36 are slidably abutted against the cam 34, the upper ends of the two cross plates 36 are symmetrically fixedly connected with multiple vertical rods 37, the tops of the multiple vertical rods 37 are fixedly connected with supporting blocks 38, and the multiple supporting blocks 38 are vertically movable in the corresponding slots 39. When the cam 34 rotates, the sliding abutment against the cross plates 36 is utilized to intermittently push the entire cross plates 36, the vertical rods 37 and the supporting blocks 38 to lift the fabric, thereby applying pressure to the bottom of the soft rock in the inner plate 4 and the side plates 5, and the diameter of the supporting blocks 38 is smaller than the inner diameter of the slots 39.

[0049] Referring to the ring block 10 and the top pressure block 11 in the figure, the coordination unit includes a protrusion 23 fixedly connected to one side of the gear four 22 in the circumferential direction. The protrusion 23 is an acute-angled triangle shape, and the tips of multiple protrusions 23 are in the same direction. One side of multiple protrusions 23 is slidably connected with elastic sheets 24, and multiple elastic sheets 24 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 20, and multiple elastic sheets 24 abut against the other side of the protrusion 23. Specifically, when the rotating rod 20 rotates forward, it will drive multiple elastic sheets 24 to rotate in the area enclosed by the protrusion 23, and the elastic sheet 24 will abut against the protrusion 23 when it rotates forward, so that under the abutment and blocking of the protrusion 23 and the elastic sheet 24, the gear four 22 is pushed to rotate on the outer wall of the rotating rod 20, and then the transmission of the bottom end component is realized; when the rotating rod 20 rotates reversely, the multiple elastic sheets 24 will contact the inclined surface of the protrusion 23 and slide, and cannot push the gear four 22 to rotate. At this time, the rotating rod 20 will not transmit the bottom end component.

[0050] The implementation principle of a large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of a soft rock tunnel in a coal mine in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0051] When the bottom data variable is needed, the motor 21 in the corresponding area is started to rotate forward, and the elastic sheet 24 will abut against the protrusion 23 when it rotates forward, and the elastic sheet 24 will push the gear four 22 to rotate on the outer wall of the rotating rod 20 under the pushing resistance. The chain 25 can always transmit the gear seven 32 at the bottom under the action of the tensioning member. When the gear seven 32 at the bottom rotates, the cam 34 on the inside will intermittently push the top connecting plate 35 to slide vertically upward, and the multiple vertical rods 37 on the top of the cross plate 36 will push the top support block 38 to slide along the slot 39 and apply pressure to the soft rock at the elastic fabric. After the upward movement is completed, the cross plate 36 can return to its position under the elastic action of multiple springs 26, waiting for the pressure to be applied again.

[0052] Specifically, as the side plate 5 carries the soft rock to undergo vertical displacement, since the position of the motor 21 remains relatively unchanged, due to the connection between the connecting plate 35 and the rotating rod three 33, the entire rotating rod three 33 carries the cam 34 and the gear seven 32 to change with the displacement of the side plate 5. Therefore, under the elastic action of the spring two 29, the positioning member 28 can be pulled along the horizontal groove 31 for horizontal adaptive displacement, so that the gear six 27 can pull the chain two 25 to always keep it in a tensioned state.

[0053] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A large deformation and damage simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine, comprising a box, wherein inner plates are symmetrically fixedly connected in the box, side plates are vertically slidably connected to the inner sides of the two inner plates, a support plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the side plate, and sensors are evenly installed in the support plate, the space enclosed by the inner plate and the side plate is filled with soft rock, and a testing mechanism is arranged in the box; Features: The testing mechanism includes a side component and a bottom component. The side components are divided into two groups and are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the inner plate, and are used to apply pressure to the soft rock side and cooperate with the sensor to obtain data. The bottom components are divided into two groups and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom end of the side plate, and are respectively connected to the adjacent side components. A coordination unit is provided at the connection between the side components and the bottom components connected in pairs. The coordination unit is used to connect the side components and the bottom components. During the side test, the bottom of the soft rock can be selectively simulated to be synchronously pressed.

2. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side component includes a plurality of connecting holes uniformly penetrating the inner plate, the plurality of connecting holes are in two groups and are arranged parallel to each other, limiting grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the inner walls of the plurality of connecting holes, a plurality of limiting grooves are connected with a top pressure block in a relatively horizontal sliding manner, a plurality of top pressure blocks are fixedly connected with an annular limiting block, a plurality of annular limiting blocks are rotatably connected with a rotating block, a plurality of rotating blocks are fixedly connected with a rotating rod 1 in the middle of the outer wall, and the rotating rod 1 and the annular limiting block are coaxially arranged with the matching connecting hole, and a plurality of rotating rod 1 outer walls are uniformly provided with a spirally closed circulation groove.

3. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The outer walls of the multiple connecting holes are fixedly connected with ring blocks, and the ring blocks are coaxially arranged with the adjacent connecting holes. The multiple ring blocks are rotatably connected with gears one, the middle parts of the multiple gears one are all arranged with circular holes, and ball blocks are fixedly connected in the circular holes. The multiple ball blocks are slidably connected with matching circulation grooves.

4. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The outer sides of the two groups of gear 1 are meshedly connected with chain 1, and the outer walls of the two gear 1s in the middle of each group are fixedly connected with gear 2, and the inner sides of the two gear 2s are meshedly connected with gear 3, and the middle of the outer wall of gear 3 is fixedly connected with rotating rod 2, and the rotating rod 2 passes through the outer wall of the box body and is fixedly connected with a motor, and the motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the box body.

5. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end component includes a limiting slide groove that is symmetrically penetrated and opened under the inner plate, and the limiting slide groove is arranged in the middle of the inner plate, and the two limiting slide grooves are slidably connected with a rotating rod three, the middle of the outer wall of the two rotating rods three are fixedly connected with a gear seven, the middle of the outer sides of the two rotating rods three are rotatably connected with a connecting plate, the two connecting plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to the two sides of the bottom end of the side plate, and the middle of the inner sides of the two rotating rods three are fixedly connected with a cam.

6. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: Horizontal grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the inner wall of the box, and positioning pieces are horizontally slidably connected in the two horizontal grooves. Positioning plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box on the outside of the horizontal grooves. Spring 2 is connected between the positioning plate and the positioning piece. The positioning piece is L-shaped when viewed from above, the bottom end of the L is connected to the spring 2, and the middle part of the inner side of the L is rotatably connected to a gear 6.

7. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine as described in any one of claims 5-6, characterized in that: The outer sides of the gear six and the gear seven are both sleeved with a chain two, and the other side of the chain two is sleeved with a gear four, the gear four is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod two, and a damping rubber is arranged at the connection between the gear four and the rotating rod two.

8. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the side panel is symmetrically and evenly provided with a plurality of slot holes, and elastic fabric is provided at the connection between the slot holes and the bottom end of the inner wall of the side panel, two groups of springs are symmetrically and fixedly connected on both sides of the bottom end of the side panel, the bottom ends of the two groups of springs are fixedly connected with a horizontal plate, the middle parts of the bottom ends of the two horizontal plates are slidably abutted against the cam, the upper ends of the two horizontal plates are symmetrically and fixedly connected with a plurality of vertical rods, the top ends of the plurality of vertical rods are fixedly connected with a top supporting block, and the plurality of top supporting blocks are vertically movable in the corresponding slot holes.

9. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: A top plate is installed on the top of the box body, and two hydraulic rods are symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the top plate. The bottom ends of the two hydraulic rods pass through the top plate and are connected to a pressure plate. The pressure plate moves on the top of the area formed by the inner plate and the side plate. Box doors are hingedly connected on both sides of the box body.

10. A large deformation and failure simulation experimental system for surrounding rock of soft rock tunnel in coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coordination unit includes a protrusion fixedly connected to one side of gear four in the circumferential direction. The protrusion is in the shape of an acute triangle, and the tips of the multiple protrusions are oriented in the same direction. One side of the multiple protrusions is slidably connected with an elastic sheet, and the multiple elastic sheets are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second rotating rod, and the multiple elastic sheets are in contact with the other side of the protrusion.

Images