Device and method for testing water pressure transfer rate of confined aquifer

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the water pressure transfer rate of a confined aquifer, and relates to the technical field of hydrogeological engineering. The testing device comprises a stratum simulation system, a water pressure monitoring system, a continuous water pressure applying system, a water circulation system, a pulse type water pressure applying system, an angle adjusting system and a water flow regulation and control system. The stratum simulation system comprises a seepage pipe and a seepage medium. The water pressure monitoring system comprises a dynamic water pressure sensor and a dynamic data acquisition instrument. The continuous water pressure applying system is communicated with the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water circulation system is communicated with the second end of the seepage pipe and the continuous water pressure applying system. The pulse output ends of the two pulse type water pressure applying systems are respectively communicated with the first end and the second end of the seepage pipe. The angle adjusting system is used for adjusting inclination angles of the seepage pipes. The water flow regulation and control system comprises a water supply port valve, a water outlet valve and a flow meter. Compared with the prior art, the testing device and method can be used for researching the change rule of the transfer rate of the water pressure in different environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogeological engineering, and in particular to a device and method for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer. Background Art

[0002] In underground projects such as hydraulic tunnels, groundwater factors are an important factor controlling survey, design and construction. Most of the surrounding rock instability accidents in underground projects are also related to the movement of groundwater and the distribution and transmission of water pressure.

[0003] Traditional views usually assume that the water pressure transmission rate is infinite or close to the sound transmission rate, without actually testing the water pressure transmission rate. In fact, when draining and reducing pressure in the inclined hole of the tunnel, "draining" cannot immediately "reduce pressure". There is a significant hysteresis effect in the water level drop, and there is often a phenomenon of "no water" under pressure. The water pressure transmission rate is limited and the law is relatively complex; a local "pressure reduction zone" is formed around the drainage hole, and the water pressure of the upper aquifer is distributed in a "small-large-small" pattern from bottom to top. The pressure reduction zone formed at the bottom of the aquifer is of great significance to the safe construction of projects under high-pressure water bodies, and has important theoretical and practical significance for changing the traditional pressure reduction thinking of reducing the water head of the aquifer as a whole and forming a new hydrogeological model and concept of water conservation and pressure reduction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies and study the changing law of water pressure transmission rate under different environments.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The invention discloses a device for testing water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, comprising:

[0007] A formation simulation system comprises a seepage pipe and a permeable medium filled in the seepage pipe; a first end and a second end of the seepage pipe are respectively provided with a water inlet side gauze and a water outlet side gauze to confine the permeable medium in the seepage pipe;

[0008] A water pressure monitoring system, comprising a dynamic water pressure sensor and a dynamic data collector; the number of the dynamic water pressure sensors is multiple and distributed in the seepage pipe along the length direction of the seepage pipe; the dynamic water pressure sensor is electrically connected to the dynamic data collector;

[0009] A continuous water pressure application system, connected to the first end of the seepage pipe, to apply continuous water pressure to the first end of the seepage pipe;

[0010] a water circulation system, connected to the second end of the seepage pipe and the continuous water pressure application system, respectively, so that the water flowing out of the second end of the seepage pipe flows back to the continuous water pressure application system;

[0011] There are two pulsed water pressure applying systems; the pulse output ends of the two pulsed water pressure applying systems are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the seepage pipe to apply pulsed water pressure to the first end and the second end of the seepage pipe respectively;

[0012] An angle adjustment system, connected to the seepage pipe, to adjust the angle of the seepage pipe by rotation;

[0013] The water flow control system includes a water supply valve, a water outlet valve and a flow meter; the water supply valve is used to adjust the water inlet of the first end of the seepage pipe, the water outlet valve is used to adjust the water outlet of the second end of the seepage pipe, and the flow meter is used to display the water outlet of the second end of the seepage pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the continuous water pressure application system includes a pressure stabilizing box, a lifting platform and a pressure stabilizing scale, the pressure stabilizing box is fixed on the table plate of the lifting platform, and the pressure stabilizing scale is fixed on the base of the lifting platform; the pressure stabilizing box is provided with an overflow hole and a connecting pipe hole, the overflow hole is higher than the connecting pipe hole; the overflow hole is used to maintain a constant water depth; the connecting pipe hole is connected to the first end of the seepage pipe through a pipeline to output continuous water pressure; the lifting platform is used to adjust the height of the pressure stabilizing box to adjust the continuous water pressure applied to the first end of the seepage pipe; the pressure stabilizing scale is used to indicate the height of the pressure stabilizing box, so as to accurately control the actual height of the pressure stabilizing box.

[0015] Preferably, the water circulation system includes a water supply tank, a pressure supply pump, a water collecting tank and a circulating water pump; the inlet and outlet of the pressure supply pump are connected to the water supply tank and the pressure stabilizing tank through pipelines respectively, so as to continuously supply water to the pressure stabilizing tank; the overflow hole is connected to the water supply tank through a pipeline to recover overflow water; the inlet of the water collecting tank is connected to the second end of the seepage pipe through a pipeline, the outlet of the water collecting tank is connected to the inlet of the circulating water pump through a pipeline, and the outlet of the circulating water pump is connected to the water supply tank through a pipeline.

[0016] Preferably, the pressure aquifer water pressure transmission rate testing device also includes a tee joint 1 and a tee joint 2; the three interfaces of the tee joint 1 are respectively connected to the connecting pipe hole, the pulse output end and the first end of the seepage pipe, and the three interfaces of the tee joint 2 are respectively connected to the inlet of the water collecting tank, the pulse output end and the second end of the seepage pipe; the water supply valve is provided on the interface of the tee joint 1 connected to the seepage pipe to adjust the water inlet of the seepage pipe; the water outlet valve and the flow meter are provided on the pipeline of the tee joint 2 connected to the water collecting tank to adjust the water outlet of the seepage pipe and measure the flow of the seepage pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the pulse water pressure application system includes a cylinder, a piston, a pulse pressurizing weight, a weight releasing device and a bracket; the lower end of the cylinder is connected to an interface of the three-way joint one or the three-way joint two, and an opening is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder; the pulse pressurizing weight is directly above the opening, and the pulse pressurizing weight is detachably connected to the weight releasing device; the weight releasing device is fixedly connected to the bracket and can release the pulse pressurizing weight.

[0018] Preferably, the bracket includes an upper frame and a lower frame, the upper frame is slidably mounted on the upper end of the lower frame and has an adjustable height; the weight release device is fixedly connected to the upper frame; the pulse water pressure application system also includes a pulse scale; the pulse scale is vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the bracket, and is used to measure the height of the pulse pressurized weight before release.

[0019] Preferably, the pulse water pressure application system also includes a vertical rod, a rubber pad, a limit block, a telescopic deformation tube and a pressure control valve; the upper end and the lower end of the vertical rod are fixedly connected to the rubber pad and the piston respectively; the limit block is fixedly connected to the cylinder body and is located between the rubber pad and the piston; the limit block at least partially extends into the cylinder body to limit the maximum height of the piston; the upper end of the telescopic deformation tube is connected to the lower end of the cylinder body, and the lower end of the telescopic deformation tube is connected to an interface of the three-way joint one or the three-way joint two, and the pressure control valve is installed on the interface.

[0020] Preferably, a limit frame is provided on the lower frame, and the cylinder body is located in the limit frame and fixedly connected to the limit frame.

[0021] Preferably, the weight releasing device is an electromagnet, the electromagnet is electrically connected to a power switch, and the power switch is fixed on the bracket; the pulse pressurized weight is made of ferromagnetic material.

[0022] The present invention also discloses a method for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, using the above-mentioned confined aquifer water pressure transmission rate testing device to respectively carry out a hydrostatic pressure continuous loading test, a hydrostatic pressure pulse loading test, a dynamic water pressure continuous loading test, a dynamic water pressure downstream pulse loading test and a dynamic water pressure upstream pulse loading test;

[0023] The hydrostatic continuous loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and closing the water outlet valve; adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring;

[0024] The hydrostatic pressure pulse loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and closing the water outlet valve; adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values; operating the pulse water pressure application system connected to the first end of the seepage pipe to apply a pulse impact to the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe, the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the pulse impact on the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring;

[0025] The dynamic water pressure continuous loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and the water outlet valve, adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring;

[0026] The dynamic water pressure downstream pulse loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and the water outlet valve, adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe; the pulse water pressure application system applies a pulse impact to the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe, the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the pulse impact on the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring;

[0027] The dynamic water pressure countercurrent pulse loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and the outlet valve, adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe; the pulse water pressure application system applies a pulse impact to the second end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe, the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the pulse impact on the second end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring.

[0028] Compared with the related art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0029] The dynamic water pressure sensor can monitor the dynamic water pressure at the corresponding position in the seepage pipe. By comparing and analyzing the monitoring data of multiple dynamic water pressure sensors, the change of water pressure along the length of the seepage pipe can be obtained. The pipeline angle adjustment system can change the inclination angle of the seepage pipe, thereby simulating the influence of gravity on the internal water pressure transmission rate of the aquifer when the inclination angle is different. The pulse water pressure application system can test the water pressure transmission rate in the downstream and upstream environments to analyze and obtain the corresponding rules. By adjusting the opening and closing of the outlet valve, it is possible to switch between the dynamic water pressure test and the static water pressure test, and form different dynamic water environments. By testing and analyzing the dynamic water pressure at the dynamic water pressure sensor and the flow rate at the flowmeter, the transmission, dissipation and head loss of water pressure in the permeable medium can be obtained.

[0030] Therefore, the water pressure transmission rate testing device for confined aquifers can flexibly change the continuous water pressure, pulse water pressure, and the inclination angle of the aquifer, and can perform downstream or upstream pressurization, thereby realizing the testing of water pressure transmission laws under various environments, filling the deficiencies in the testing of water pressure transmission laws, and systematically revealing the laws of water pressure transmission rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for testing water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pulse water pressure application system 2;

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of pulse water pressure application system 1.

[0035] In the figure: 1-the upper curved pipe of the pressure stabilizing box; 2-the pressure supply pump; 3-the lower straight pipe of the pressure supply pump; 4-the water supply box; 5-the overflow hole; 6-the overflow hole curved pipe; 7-the pressure stabilizing box; 8-the hand crank; 9-the lifting platform; 10-the connecting hole; 11-the pressure stabilizing scale; 12-the water supply pipe; 13-the pulse type water pressure application system 1; 14-the pressure control valve 1; 15-the water inlet; 16-the three-way joint 1; 17-the telescopic deformation pipe 1; 18-the water supply valve; 19-the water inlet side connecting joint; 20-the water inlet side screen; 21-the dynamic water pressure sensor; 22-the circulating water pipe; 23-the circulating water pump; 24-the seepage pipe; 25-the fixing ring; 26-the middle connecting joint; 27-the supporting telescopic rod; 28-the digital level; 29-the dynamic data acquisition instrument; 30-the base; 31-the water outlet side connecting joint; 32-the water outlet Side screen; 33-pressure control valve 2; 34-pulse water pressure application system 2; 35-three-way joint 2; 36-water outlet; 37-water outlet valve; 38-water collecting tank outlet; 39-flow meter; 40-water outlet pipe; 41-water collecting tank; 42-power switch 2; 43-pulse pressure weight 2; 44-electromagnet 2; 45-rubber pad 2; 46-vertical rod 2; 47-limit block 2; 4 8-piston two; 49-cylinder two; 50-bracket two; 51-pulse scale two; 52-pulse scale one; 53-electromagnet one; 54-power switch one; 55-pulse pressurizing weight one; 56-rubber pad one; 57-vertical rod one; 58-limit block one; 59-piston one; 60-cylinder one; 61-bracket one; 62-telescopic deformation tube two; 63-limit frame two; 64-limit frame one. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies and study the changing law of water pressure transmission rate under different environments.

[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 3This embodiment provides a device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, including a formation simulation system, a water pressure monitoring system, a continuous water pressure application system, a water circulation system, a pulsed water pressure application system, an angle adjustment system and a water flow control system.

[0040] The formation simulation system includes a seepage pipe 24 and a permeable medium filled in the seepage pipe 24. The first end and the second end of the seepage pipe 24 are respectively provided with a water inlet side screen 20 and a water outlet side screen 32 to confine the permeable medium in the seepage pipe 24. The water pressure monitoring system includes a dynamic water pressure sensor 21 and a dynamic data acquisition instrument 29. There are multiple dynamic water pressure sensors 21, and they are distributed in the seepage pipe 24 along the length direction of the seepage pipe 24 to monitor the water pressure at different positions in the length direction of the seepage pipe 24 in real time. The dynamic water pressure sensor 21 is electrically connected to the dynamic data acquisition instrument 29 to transmit the monitoring data to the dynamic data acquisition instrument 29. The continuous water pressure application system is connected to the first end of the seepage pipe 24 to apply continuous water pressure to the first end of the seepage pipe 24. The water circulation system is respectively connected to the second end of the seepage pipe 24 and the continuous water pressure application system to make the water flowing out of the second end of the seepage pipe 24 flow back to the continuous water pressure application system. There are two pulse water pressure application systems, namely pulse water pressure application system one 13 and pulse water pressure application system two 34. The pulse output ends of the two pulse water pressure application systems are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the seepage pipe 24 to apply pulse water pressure to the first end and the second end of the seepage pipe 24 respectively. The angle adjustment system is connected to the seepage pipe 24 to adjust the angle of the seepage pipe 24 by rotation. The water flow control system includes a water supply valve 18, a water outlet valve 37 and a flow meter 39. The water supply valve 18 is used to adjust the water inlet of the first end of the seepage pipe 24, the water outlet valve 37 is used to adjust the water outlet of the second end of the seepage pipe 24, and the flow meter 39 is used to display the water outlet of the second end of the seepage pipe 24.

[0041] The working principle of the water pressure transmission rate testing device for a confined aquifer in this embodiment is as follows:

[0042] The dynamic water pressure sensor 21 can monitor the dynamic water pressure at the corresponding position in the seepage pipe 24. By comparing and analyzing the monitoring data of multiple dynamic water pressure sensors 21, the change of water pressure along the length direction of the seepage pipe 24 can be obtained. The pipeline angle adjustment system can change the inclination angle of the seepage pipe 24, so as to simulate the influence of gravity on the internal water pressure transmission rate of the aquifer when the inclination angle is different. The pulse water pressure application system can test the water pressure transmission rate in the downstream and upstream environments to analyze and obtain the corresponding rules. By adjusting the opening and closing of the outlet valve 37, it is possible to switch between the dynamic water pressure test and the static water pressure test, and form different dynamic water environments. By testing and analyzing the dynamic water pressure at the dynamic water pressure sensor 21 and the flow rate at the flow meter 39, the transmission, dissipation and head loss of water pressure in the permeable medium can be obtained.

[0043] Therefore, the water pressure transmission rate testing device for confined aquifers can flexibly change the continuous water pressure, pulse water pressure, and the inclination angle of the aquifer, and can perform downstream or upstream pressurization, thereby realizing the testing of water pressure transmission laws under various environments, filling the deficiencies in the testing of water pressure transmission laws, and systematically revealing the laws of water pressure transmission rate.

[0044] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the continuous water pressure application system includes a pressure stabilizing box 7, a lifting platform 9 and a pressure stabilizing scale 11, the pressure stabilizing box 7 is fixed on the tabletop of the lifting platform 9, and the pressure stabilizing scale 11 is fixed on the base of the lifting platform 9. The pressure stabilizing box 7 is provided with an overflow hole 5 and a connecting hole 10, and the overflow hole 5 is higher than the connecting hole 10. The overflow hole 5 is used to maintain a constant water depth. The connecting hole 10 is connected to the first end of the seepage pipe 24 through a pipeline to output continuous water pressure. The lifting platform 9 is used to adjust the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7 to adjust the continuous water pressure applied to the first end of the seepage pipe 24. The pressure stabilizing scale 11 is used to indicate the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7, so as to accurately control the actual height of the pressure stabilizing box 7.

[0045] In actual operation, the height of the liquid level in the pressure stabilizing tank 7 is flush with the overflow hole 5, so that the water pressure at the pipe hole 10 is kept constant. The lifting platform 9 can adjust the height difference between the pipe hole 10 and the first end of the seepage pipe 24, thereby adjusting the water pressure applied to the first end of the seepage pipe 24 by the continuous water pressure application system.

[0046] Exemplarily, the lifting platform 9 is a hand-cranked lifting platform, which has a hand-cranked handle 8, and the height of the voltage stabilizing box 7 can be adjusted by shaking the hand-cranked handle 8.

[0047] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the water circulation system includes a water supply tank 4, a pressure supply pump 2, a water collection tank 41 and a circulating water pump 23. The inlet of the pressure supply pump 2 is connected to the water supply tank 4 through the straight pipe 3 at the lower side of the pressure supply pump, and the outlet of the pressure supply pump 2 is connected to the pressure stabilizing tank 7 through the bend pipe 1 at the upper side of the pressure stabilizing tank, so as to continuously supply water to the pressure stabilizing tank 7. The overflow hole 5 is connected to the water supply tank 4 through the overflow hole bend 6 to recover the overflow water. The inlet of the water collection tank 41 is connected to the second end of the seepage pipe 24 through the outlet pipe 40, the outlet of the water collection tank 41 is connected to the inlet of the circulating water pump 23 through the circulating water pipe 22, and the outlet of the circulating water pump 23 is connected to the water supply tank 4 through the circulating water pipe 22.

[0048] For the hydrostatic test, the pressure supply pump 2 continuously pumps the water in the water supply tank 4 into the pressure stabilizing tank 7, and the water in the pressure stabilizing tank 7 flows back into the water supply tank 4 through the overflow hole 5, and the circulating water pump 23 does not work.

[0049] For the dynamic water pressure test, the pressure supply pump 2 continuously pumps the water in the water supply tank 4 into the pressure stabilizing tank 7, and the water in the pressure stabilizing tank 7 flows back to the water supply tank 4 through the overflow hole 5. The circulating water pump 23 continuously pumps the water in the water collecting tank 41 into the water supply tank 4.

[0050] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the pressure aquifer water pressure transmission rate test device also includes a three-way joint 16 and a three-way joint 35. The three interfaces of the three-way joint 16 are respectively connected to the pipe hole 10, the pulse output end and the first end of the seepage pipe 24, and the three interfaces of the three-way joint 35 are respectively connected to the inlet of the water collecting box 41, the pulse output end and the second end of the seepage pipe 24. The interface of the three-way joint 16 connected to the seepage pipe 24 is provided with a water supply port valve 18 to adjust the water inlet of the seepage pipe 24. The pipeline (i.e., the outlet pipe 40) of the three-way joint 35 connected to the water collecting box 41 is provided with an outlet valve 37 and a flowmeter 39 to adjust the water outlet of the seepage pipe 24 and measure the flow of the seepage pipe 24. The pipe hole 10 of the pressure stabilizing box 7 is connected to the first end of the seepage pipe 24 through the water supply pipe 12 and the three-way joint 16, and the interface of the three-way joint 16 connected to the water supply pipe 12 is the water inlet 15. The inlet of the water collecting box 41 is connected to the second end of the seepage pipe 24 through the water outlet pipe 40 and the second three-way joint 35 , and the interface of the second three-way joint 35 connected to the water outlet pipe 40 is the water outlet 36 .

[0051] By using the three-way connector 16 and the two-way connector 35, the pulse output end is easily connected, thereby avoiding opening a hole in the seepage pipe 24 and ensuring the structural strength of the seepage pipe 24. After the water supply valve 18 is closed, the seepage pipe 24 and the water pressure monitoring system can be adjusted and maintained.

[0052] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the pulse water pressure application system includes a cylinder, a piston, a pulse pressurization weight, a weight release device and a bracket. The lower end of the cylinder is connected to an interface of the three-way joint 16 or the three-way joint 2 35, and an opening is set at the upper end of the cylinder. The pulse pressurization weight is directly above the opening, and the pulse pressurization weight is detachably connected to the weight release device. The weight release device is fixedly connected to the bracket and can release the pulse pressurization weight.

[0053] After the weight releasing device releases the pulse pressurized weight, the pulse pressurized weight falls, and its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, and the kinetic energy is transferred to the piston by collision, thereby exerting an impact on the gas medium under the piston, and the impact energy is transmitted to the first end of the seepage tube 24 through the conduction of the gas medium, thereby realizing pulse pressurization of the first end of the seepage tube 24.

[0054] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the bracket includes an upper frame and a lower frame, and the upper frame is slidably mounted on the upper end of the lower frame and has an adjustable height. The weight release device is fixedly connected to the upper frame. The pulse water pressure application system also includes a pulse scale. The pulse scale is vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the bracket, and is used to measure the height of the pulse pressurized weight before release.

[0055] By adjusting the height of the upper frame, the starting height of the pulse pressurized weight when released can be adjusted, so that the energy converted from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy during the process from the beginning of falling to the collision changes, thereby adjusting the impact energy transmitted to the piston, and then adjusting the size of the pulse impact on the first end of the seepage tube 24. By referring to the scale indicated by the pulse scale, the starting height of the pulse pressurized weight when released can be accurately controlled.

[0056] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the pulse water pressure application system also includes a vertical rod, a rubber pad, a limit block, a telescopic deformation tube and a pressure control valve. The upper end and the lower end of the vertical rod are fixedly connected to the rubber pad and the piston respectively. The limit block is fixedly connected to the cylinder body and is located between the rubber pad and the piston. The limit block at least partially extends into the cylinder body to limit the maximum height of the piston. The upper end of the telescopic deformation tube is connected to the lower end of the cylinder body, the lower end of the telescopic deformation tube is the pulse output end, and the lower end of the telescopic deformation tube is connected to an interface of the three-way joint 16 or the three-way joint 2 35, and the pressure control valve is installed on the interface.

[0057] The contact limit between the piston and the limit block can control the limit position of the piston's upward movement. The rubber pad can absorb vibration energy, thereby effectively reducing noise. The telescopic deformation tube can be deformed, so that when the inclination angle of the seepage tube 24 changes, the position of the cylinder body remains unchanged. By adjusting the opening of the pressure control valve, the flow area of ​​the air flow path at the pressure control valve position during the pulse application process can be adjusted.

[0058] As a possible example, in this embodiment, a limit frame is provided on the lower frame, and the cylinder body is located in the limit frame and fixedly connected to the limit frame. The limit frame can limit the inner cylinder body so that the cylinder body remains stable under the impact of the pulse pressurized weight.

[0059] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the weight release device is an electromagnet, which is electrically connected to a power switch, and the power switch is fixed to a bracket. The pulse pressurized weight is made of ferromagnetic material. When the power switch is closed, the electromagnet is energized, and the pulse pressurized weight is adsorbed on the electromagnet. When the power switch is disconnected, the electromagnet is de-energized and loses its magnetism, and the pulse pressurized weight falls freely.

[0060] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the seepage pipe 24 is formed by splicing a plurality of straight pipes, and the splicing of two adjacent straight pipes is connected by a middle connection joint 26. The straight pipe near the tee joint 1 16 is connected to an interface of the tee joint 1 16 through the water inlet side connection joint 19, and the straight pipe near the tee joint 2 35 is connected to an interface of the tee joint 2 35 through the water outlet side connection joint 31. The middle connection joint 26, the water inlet side connection joint 19 and the water outlet side connection joint 31 are all connected to the adjacent components by threaded matching.

[0061] Exemplarily, the number of the straight pipes is three, and the number of the middle connecting joints 26 is two.

[0062] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the angle adjustment system includes a base 30, a supporting telescopic rod 27, a fixing ring 25 and a digital level 28. The seepage tube 24 is fixed with three fixing rings 25 at equal intervals along its own axial direction, the middle fixing ring 25 is hinged to the upper end of the base 30, the fixing rings 25 on both sides are respectively hinged to the upper ends of the corresponding supporting telescopic rods 27, and the lower ends of the two supporting telescopic rods 27 are hinged to the base 30. By adjusting the length of the two supporting telescopic rods 27, the angle of the seepage tube 24 can be adjusted. The upper end of the fixing ring 25 in the middle is fixedly connected to the digital level 28, and the digital level 28 can display the current inclination angle of the seepage tube 24.

[0063] The present embodiment also provides a method for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, using the above-mentioned confined aquifer water pressure transmission rate testing device to carry out a hydrostatic pressure continuous loading test, a hydrostatic pressure pulse loading test, a dynamic water pressure continuous loading test, a dynamic water pressure downstream pulse loading test and a dynamic water pressure upstream pulse loading test respectively.

[0064] The hydrostatic continuous loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve 18 and closing the water outlet valve 37. Adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe 24 and the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7 to preset values, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring. Adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe 24 and the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring.

[0065] The hydrostatic pulse loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve 18 and closing the water outlet valve 37. Adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe 24 and the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7 to preset values. The pulse water pressure application system connected to the first end of the seepage pipe 24 operates to apply a pulse impact to the first end of the seepage pipe 24, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring. Adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe 24, the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7, and the pulse impact on the first end of the seepage pipe 24, the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring.

[0066] The dynamic water pressure continuous loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve 18 and the water outlet valve 37, adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe 24 and the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7 to preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe 24, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring. The water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring by adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe 24 and the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7.

[0067] The dynamic water pressure downstream pulse loading test includes the following steps: open the water supply valve 18 and the outlet valve 37, adjust the angle of the seepage pipe 24 and the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7 to the preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe 24. The pulse water pressure application system applies a pulse impact to the first end of the seepage pipe 24, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring. At least one of the angle of the seepage pipe 24, the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7, and the pulse impact on the first end of the seepage pipe 24 is adjusted, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring.

[0068] The dynamic water pressure countercurrent pulse loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve 18 and the water outlet valve 37, adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe 24 and the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7 to the preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe 24. The pulse water pressure application system applies a pulse impact to the second end of the seepage pipe 24, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring. At least one of the angle of the seepage pipe 24, the height of the pressure stabilizing box 7, and the pulse impact on the second end of the seepage pipe 24 is adjusted, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring.

[0069] Since the method for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer uses the above-mentioned device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, it also has the response advantages of the device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, which will not be described in detail here.

[0070] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, characterized in that: include: A formation simulation system comprises a seepage pipe and a permeable medium filled in the seepage pipe; a first end and a second end of the seepage pipe are respectively provided with a water inlet side gauze and a water outlet side gauze to confine the permeable medium in the seepage pipe; A water pressure monitoring system, comprising a dynamic water pressure sensor and a dynamic data collector; the number of the dynamic water pressure sensors is multiple and distributed in the seepage pipe along the length direction of the seepage pipe; the dynamic water pressure sensor is electrically connected to the dynamic data collector; A continuous water pressure application system, connected to the first end of the seepage pipe, to apply continuous water pressure to the first end of the seepage pipe; a water circulation system, connected to the second end of the seepage pipe and the continuous water pressure application system, respectively, so that the water flowing out of the second end of the seepage pipe flows back to the continuous water pressure application system; Pulse water pressure application system, two in number; The pulse output ends of the two pulse water pressure applying systems are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the seepage pipe to apply pulse water pressure to the first end and the second end of the seepage pipe respectively; An angle adjustment system, connected to the seepage pipe, to adjust the angle of the seepage pipe by rotation; The water flow control system includes a water supply valve, a water outlet valve and a flow meter; the water supply valve is used to adjust the water inlet of the first end of the seepage pipe, the water outlet valve is used to adjust the water outlet of the second end of the seepage pipe, and the flow meter is used to display the water outlet of the second end of the seepage pipe.

2. The device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous water pressure application system includes a pressure stabilizing box, a lifting platform and a pressure stabilizing scale, wherein the pressure stabilizing box is fixed on the platform of the lifting platform, and the pressure stabilizing scale is fixed on the base of the lifting platform; the pressure stabilizing box is provided with an overflow hole and a connecting hole, and the overflow hole is higher than the connecting hole; The overflow hole is used to maintain a constant water depth; the connecting hole is connected to the first end of the seepage pipe through a pipeline to output a continuous water pressure; The lifting platform is used to adjust the height of the pressure stabilizing box to adjust the continuous water pressure applied to the first end of the seepage pipe; The voltage stabilizing scale is used to indicate the height of the voltage stabilizing box, so as to accurately adjust the actual height of the voltage stabilizing box.

3. The device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water circulation system includes a water supply tank, a pressure supply pump, a water collecting tank and a circulating water pump; the inlet and outlet of the pressure supply pump are connected to the water supply tank and the pressure stabilizing tank through pipelines respectively, so as to continuously supply water to the pressure stabilizing tank; the overflow hole is connected to the water supply tank through a pipeline to recover overflow water; the inlet of the water collecting tank is connected to the second end of the seepage pipe through a pipeline, the outlet of the water collecting tank is connected to the inlet of the circulating water pump through a pipeline, and the outlet of the circulating water pump is connected to the water supply tank through a pipeline.

4. The device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes three-way joint 1 and three-way joint 2; the three interfaces of the three-way joint 1 are respectively connected to the connecting pipe hole, the pulse output end and the first end of the seepage pipe, and the three interfaces of the three-way joint 2 are respectively connected to the inlet of the water collecting tank, the pulse output end and the second end of the seepage pipe; the interface of the three-way joint 1 connected to the seepage pipe is provided with the water supply valve to adjust the water inlet of the seepage pipe; the pipeline of the three-way joint 2 connected to the water collecting tank is provided with the water outlet valve and the flow meter to adjust the water outlet of the seepage pipe and measure the flow of the seepage pipe.

5. The device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pulse water pressure application system includes a cylinder, a piston, a pulse pressurizing weight, a weight releasing device and a bracket; the lower end of the cylinder is connected to an interface of the three-way joint one or the three-way joint two, and an opening is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder; the pulse pressurizing weight is directly above the opening, and the pulse pressurizing weight is detachably connected to the weight releasing device; the weight releasing device is fixedly connected to the bracket and can release the pulse pressurizing weight.

6. The device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bracket includes an upper frame and a lower frame, the upper frame is slidably mounted on the upper end of the lower frame and has an adjustable height; the weight release device is fixedly connected to the upper frame; the pulse water pressure application system also includes a pulse scale; the pulse scale is vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the bracket, and is used to measure the height of the pulse pressurized weight before release.

7. The device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pulse water pressure application system also includes a vertical rod, a rubber pad, a limit block, a telescopic deformation tube and a pressure control valve; the upper end and the lower end of the vertical rod are fixedly connected to the rubber pad and the piston respectively; the limit block is fixedly connected to the cylinder body and is located between the rubber pad and the piston; the limit block at least partially extends into the cylinder body to limit the maximum height of the piston; the upper end of the telescopic deformation tube is connected to the lower end of the cylinder body, and the lower end of the telescopic deformation tube is connected to an interface of the three-way joint one or the three-way joint two, and the pressure control valve is installed on the interface.

8. The device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower frame is provided with a limit frame, and the cylinder body is located in the limit frame and fixedly connected to the limit frame.

9. The device for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The weight releasing device is an electromagnet, the electromagnet is electrically connected to a power switch, and the power switch is fixed on the bracket; the pulse pressurized weight is made of ferromagnetic material.

10. A method for testing the water pressure transmission rate of a confined aquifer, characterized in that: Using the confined aquifer water pressure transmission rate test device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, a hydrostatic pressure continuous loading test, a hydrostatic pressure pulse loading test, a dynamic water pressure continuous loading test, a dynamic water pressure downstream pulse loading test and a dynamic water pressure upstream pulse loading test are respectively carried out; The hydrostatic continuous loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and closing the water outlet valve; adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; The hydrostatic pressure pulse loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and closing the water outlet valve; adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values; operating the pulse water pressure application system connected to the first end of the seepage pipe to apply a pulse impact to the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe, the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the pulse impact on the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; The dynamic water pressure continuous loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and the water outlet valve, adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; The dynamic water pressure downstream pulse loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and the water outlet valve, adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe; the pulse water pressure application system applies a pulse impact to the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe, the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the pulse impact on the first end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; The dynamic water pressure countercurrent pulse loading test includes the following steps: opening the water supply valve and the outlet valve, adjusting the angle of the seepage pipe and the height of the pressure stabilizing box to preset values, so that a seepage environment with different seepage velocities under a fixed water supply pressure is formed in the seepage pipe; the pulse water pressure application system applies a pulse impact to the second end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring; adjusting at least one of the angle of the seepage pipe, the height of the pressure stabilizing box, and the pulse impact on the second end of the seepage pipe, and the water pressure monitoring system performs water pressure monitoring.

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