Electrochromic transverse device and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochromism, in particular to an electrochromism transverse device and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrochromic transverse device comprises a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall. The lower substrate is provided with a conductive layer, and an electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. A first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are respectively arranged on two sides of the conductive layer, keep a preset distance from the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and are higher than the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. And retaining walls are arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer and are tightly connected with the electrodes, so that a frame structure is defined jointly, and electrolyte diffusion is prevented. The electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, covers the electrochromic layer and is in contact with the conductive electrode, and the electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive electrode are immiscible. And the electrolyte is filled in a space formed by the lower substrate and the like and is insoluble in the electrochromic layer. According to the structure, the response speed of the electrochromic transverse device can be improved, and meanwhile power consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrochromic technology, and in particular to an electrochromic lateral device and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In spectrometers and hyperspectral cameras, gradient filters or devices are core components for achieving spectral modulation, that is, the optical properties (transmittance, reflectivity, refractive index, etc.) at different positions in the same direction show a trend of continuous change. Common gradient filters are narrow-band linear gradient filters based on the principle of thin film interference, which are usually composed of two Bragg reflection film layers and a Fabry-Perot cavity layer with a thickness that changes continuously in a step-like manner or in a wedge shape. The preparation methods of such cavities of different thicknesses include adding film layers of different thicknesses at different positions on the substrate by magnetron sputtering, vapor deposition, evaporation, etc., or removing film layers of different thicknesses at different positions on the substrate by plasma etching, wet etching, etc. Although these methods can produce gradient films of good quality, their precise processing conditions and expensive costs also limit their development as core components of consumer-grade spectral imaging equipment.

[0003] Electrochromic devices refer to a type of device whose apparent color changes under different external electric fields, that is, its spectral state (transmittance or reflectance) is regulated by the electric field. Electrochromic devices are usually vertical device structures, that is, the entire color-changing layer changes uniformly during the regulation process. There are also literature reports on using the characteristics of ITO with a certain resistance, or designing an ITO pattern with a lateral resistance gradient to achieve a gradient voltage drop, thereby preparing a lateral gradient electrochromic device.

[0004] At present, the color change response time of such current-driven devices reported in the literature is tens of seconds, which needs to be improved in the application of spectrometers and hyperspectral cameras. On the other hand, the whole surface of ITO leads to high cost and high power consumption: the larger the area, the higher the cost of ITO; because ITO has a small resistance, it generates a larger current at a lower voltage, resulting in a lower voltage window threshold that the device can withstand, and the device power consumption is high. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an electrochromic lateral device and a preparation method and application thereof, which can improve the response speed of the electrochromic lateral device while reducing the power consumption of the electrochromic lateral device.

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides, in an optional embodiment, a lateral electrochromic device, comprising a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode, and a retaining wall;

[0008] A conductive layer is disposed on the lower substrate, and an electrochromic layer is disposed above the conductive layer;

[0009] On the lower substrate, a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are respectively arranged on both sides of the conductive layer, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and the height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer;

[0010] On the lower substrate, retaining walls are respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together;

[0011] The electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble.

[0012] The driving mode of the electrochromic lateral device provided by the present invention is electric field driving, which can instantly produce a gradient effect. At the same time, since the working layer of the device is not in direct contact with the external power supply, the working current is small, so the device can withstand higher voltage and has lower power consumption. In addition, the conductive layer does not completely cover the lower substrate, which reduces the amount of conductive layer material used, thereby reducing the production cost of the device.

[0013] In the present invention, the electrolyte connects the first conductive electrode, the electrochromic layer and the second conductive electrode. After applying voltage, the electrochromic layer in the initial state is a conductor. Under the action of the electric field, due to electrostatic induction, the electrons in the electrochromic layer move to one side, and the electrons in the electrochromic layer are rearranged. As the distance from the negative electrode of the external power source increases, the accumulation of electrons in the electrochromic layer increases, and the electrochromic material undergoes redox reactions to varying degrees, and finally the electrochromic layer shows a gradient color from one side to the other. The conductive layer is not in direct contact with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to avoid forming a connected loop, resulting in a short circuit; the conductive layer is in contact with the electrochromic layer, which is conducive to the uniform increase of the accumulation of electrons in the electrochromic layer along the direction perpendicular to the conductive electrode in the working layer, thereby facilitating the electrochromic layer to be subjected to a uniform gradient electric field, so that the electrochromic layer produces a uniform gradient color strip. The electrolyte connects the first conductive electrode, the electrochromic layer and the second conductive electrode. After voltage is applied, the conductor produces an electrostatic induction phenomenon, that is, the electrons in it will move in a directional manner, and its surface potential is equal everywhere. On the other hand, the positive and negative ions in the electrolyte will move toward the two poles under the action of the electric field and produce an opposite built-in electric field (potential). As a result, the material of the electrochromic layer is affected by the common potential of the electrolyte and the conductor, and the electrochromic material in different areas undergoes redox reactions to varying degrees. Finally, the electrochromic layer shows a gradual color change from left to right.

[0014] In the present invention, the electrolyte is incompatible with the electrochromic layer, which is beneficial to maintaining the integrity of the electrochromic layer. The retaining wall can prevent the diffusion of the electrolyte and keep the electrolyte from flowing, which is beneficial for the electrochromic layer to produce uniform gradient color stripes.

[0015] Preferably, an upper substrate is further arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall; the lower substrate is an insulating substrate, preferably, the lower substrate is selected from one or more of glass, a flexible film and silicon, preferably glass; the upper substrate is a transparent insulating substrate, preferably, the upper substrate is selected from one or more of transparent glass and a transparent flexible film. The conductive layer is selected from one or more of indium tin oxide film, fluorine-doped tin oxide film, aluminum-doped zinc oxide film, silver film, gold film and platinum film, preferably indium tin oxide film; and / or, the material of the electrochromic layer includes organic electrochromic material and inorganic electrochromic material, preferably organic electrochromic material; the organic electrochromic material is selected from one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol, and the inorganic electrochromic material is selected from one or more of tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide, titanium oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide and Prussian blue.

[0016] In the present invention, when the lower substrate is glass, the electrochromic lateral device is a transmissive device, when the lower substrate is silicon, the electrochromic lateral device is a reflective device, and when the lower substrate is a flexible film, the electrochromic lateral device is a flexible device. Indium tin oxide (ITO) film, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) film, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film are transparent conductive films, and when the conductive layer is selected from one of the above, the device is a transmissive device; silver film, gold film, platinum film have high reflectivity and conductivity, low transmittance, and when the conductive layer is selected from one of the above, the device is a reflective device. When the electrochromic layer is selected from the above materials, especially at least one of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol, it is beneficial to improve the electrochromic layer to produce uniform gradient color strips, and it is beneficial to enrich the types of gradient colors of the electrochromic layer.

[0017] Preferably, the electrolyte is selected from one or more of a solid electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte and a gel electrolyte; the solid electrolyte is selected from one or more of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, lithium aluminum titanium phosphate, lithium phosphorus sulfide, and a complex of polyethylene oxide and lithium salt; the liquid electrolyte is selected from one or more of an acid aqueous solution, a non-aqueous lithium salt solution and a non-aqueous sodium salt solution; the acid aqueous solution is selected from one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and an aqueous solution of benzenesulfonic acid; the non-aqueous lithium salt solution is selected from one or more of a lithium tetrafluoroborate propylene carbonate solution, a lithium perfluorate propylene carbonate solution, a lithium hexafluorophosphate ethylene carbonate / dimethyl carbonate solution, a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide propylene carbonate solution, and a lithium bis(oxalatoborate) propylene carbonate solution. The gel electrolyte is an electrolyte in which a gel polymer is added to a liquid electrolyte.

[0018] In the present invention, when the electrolyte is the above-mentioned preferred electrolyte, it is beneficial to further enrich the gradient color of the electrochromic layer and improve the uniformity of the gradient color strip.

[0019] Preferably, the electrolyte further comprises a curing agent; the curing agent is selected from one of an ultraviolet curing agent and a thermal curing agent or a mixture of the two.

[0020] In the present invention, when the electrolyte includes an ultraviolet curing agent, after applying a voltage to produce a gradient, irradiating with ultraviolet light can produce a retained gradient color stripe, and after removing the voltage, the gradient color stripe does not fade.

[0021] Preferably, the conductive layer is a conductive array comprising at least two mutually independent conductive regions.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides, in an optional embodiment, a method for preparing an electrochromic lateral device, comprising the following steps:

[0023] Disposing a conductive layer on the lower substrate, and then disposing an electrochromic layer on the conductive layer;

[0024] On the lower substrate, the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are respectively attached to the two sides of the conductive layer, and there is a preset distance between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and then retaining walls are respectively arranged on the lower substrate and the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together;

[0025] An electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, thereby obtaining the electrochromic lateral device.

[0026] In the present invention, the electrochromic layer is electroplated on the conductive layer by electroplating, which can further improve the color changing effect of the electrochromic layer.

[0027] Preferably, before filling the electrolyte, the method further comprises the step of covering the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte and the second conductive electrode with a substrate;

[0028] After covering the substrate, the electrolyte is filled by injection.

[0029] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a spectrometer in an optional embodiment, comprising the above-mentioned electrochromic lateral device.

[0030] The electrochromic lateral device provided by the present invention can be used as a spectrum encoding device of a spectrometer to prepare a spectrometer, and the spectrum accuracy of the spectrometer can be simply and efficiently improved by adding a gradient material.

[0031] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides, in an optional embodiment, a hyperspectral camera comprising the above-mentioned electrochromic lateral device.

[0032] In the present invention, an electrochromic lateral device with an arrayed conductive layer is used as a spectral encoding device to prepare a hyperspectral camera.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has one of the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. Compared with the conventional electrochromic lateral device structure, the electrochromic lateral device structure provided by the present invention can improve the response speed of the electrochromic lateral device while reducing the power consumption of the electrochromic lateral device.

[0035] 2. The present invention electroplates the electrochromic layer on the conductive layer by electroplating, which can further improve the color changing effect of the electrochromic layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrochromic lateral device and a gradient effect diagram of Examples 1-3 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram and a gradient effect diagram of the electrochromic lateral device of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrochromic lateral device and a gradient effect diagram of Examples 4-6 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a gradient effect diagram of the electrochromic lateral device of Application Example 3 and Application Example 4 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram and a color change effect diagram of the electrochromic lateral device of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a gradient effect diagram of the electrochromic lateral device and a gradient spectrum diagram of the film according to Example 7 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the principle and structure of the electrochromic lateral device of Application Example 1 of the present invention as a spectrometer, the actual picture of the combination of the electrochromic lateral device and the lens, and the spectrum detection picture;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a gradient effect diagram of the electrochromic lateral device according to Application Example 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and color change effect diagram of the electrochromic lateral device of comparative example 4 and comparative example 5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] See also Figure 1 A, this embodiment provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0049] A conductive layer is arranged on the lower substrate. In the present embodiment, the lower substrate is insulating glass, and the material of the conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO) film. An electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. In the present embodiment, the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline. On the lower substrate, a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are respectively arranged on both sides of the conductive layer. In the present embodiment, the material of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is copper foil conductive tape, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. In the present embodiment, the distance between the first conductive electrode (or the second conductive electrode) and the electrochromic layer is 1.5 mm. The height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer; on the lower substrate, retaining walls are respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this embodiment, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble. In this embodiment, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. In this embodiment, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0050] The method for preparing the electrochromic lateral device of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0051] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is disposed on insulating glass, and electroplated in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate the upper portion of the ITO film to obtain a polyaniline film;

[0052] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0053] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 3V is applied, and the polyaniline film produces uniform gradient color stripes arranged in order of transparent, yellow, green, and blue from left to right (such as Figure 1 B); stop applying voltage, and the gradient color strip gradually fades away.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] See also Figure 1 A, this embodiment provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0056] A conductive layer is arranged on the lower substrate. In this embodiment, the lower substrate is insulating glass, and the material of the conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO) film. An electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. In this embodiment, the material of the electrochromic layer is polypyrrole. On the lower substrate, a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are arranged on both sides of the conductive layer. In this embodiment, the material of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is copper foil conductive tape, and there is a preset distance between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and the height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. On the lower substrate, the other side of the conductive layer Retaining walls are respectively arranged on both sides, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In the present embodiment, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble. In the present embodiment, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. In the present embodiment, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0057] The method for preparing the electrochromic lateral device of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0058] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is disposed on an insulating glass, and electroplated in a pyrrole monomer solution (0.1 mol / L pyrrole, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate a polypyrrole film on the top of the ITO film;

[0059] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0060] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 3V is applied, and the polypyrrole film produces uniform gradient color strips arranged in sequence of dark red, red, yellow, green, and blue from left to right (such as Figure 1 C); stop applying voltage, and the gradient color strip gradually fades away.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] See also Figure 1 A, this embodiment provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0063] A conductive layer is disposed on the lower substrate. In this embodiment, the lower substrate is insulating glass, and the material of the conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO) film. An electrochromic layer is disposed above the conductive layer. In this embodiment, the material of the electrochromic layer is poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol; a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are disposed on both sides of the conductive layer on the lower substrate. In this embodiment, the material of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is copper foil conductive tape, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and the height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer; on the lower substrate , retaining walls are respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this embodiment, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble. In this embodiment, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. In this embodiment, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0064] The method for preparing the electrochromic lateral device of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0065] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is arranged on an insulating glass, and electroplated in a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol) monomer solution (0.1 mol / L 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphorsulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and a solvent of water) to electroplate the upper side of the ITO film to obtain a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol) film;

[0066] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0067] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 3V is applied, and the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol) film produces uniform gradient color stripes arranged in purple, green, and blue from left to right (such as Figure 1 D); stop applying voltage, and the gradient color strip gradually fades away.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] See also Figure 3 A, this embodiment provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0070] A conductive layer is disposed on the lower substrate. In this embodiment, the lower substrate is insulating glass, and the material of the conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO) film. An electrochromic layer is disposed above the conductive layer. In this embodiment, the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline. A first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are disposed on both sides of the conductive layer on the lower substrate. In this embodiment, the material of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is copper foil conductive tape, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and the height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. , retaining walls are respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this embodiment, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble. In this embodiment, the electrolyte is a gel electrolyte (the solute is 0.025 mol / L lithium perchlorate, the mass fraction of polymethyl methacrylate is 18%, and the solvent is propylene carbonate).

[0071] The method for preparing the electrochromic lateral device of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0072] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is arranged on an insulating glass, and then a polyaniline aqueous solution is spin-coated on the top of the indium tin oxide (ITO) film. After the spin coating is completed, a cotton swab is dipped in a small amount of clean water to wipe off the polyaniline on the left and right ends of the lower substrate to prevent the subsequent polyaniline from contacting the copper foil conductive tape; the wiped lower substrate and the electrochromic layer are placed on a heating table at 150°C for annealing for ten minutes to spin-coat the top of the ITO film to obtain a polyaniline film.

[0073] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Then, a gel electrolyte (solute is 0.025 mol / L lithium perchlorate, mass fraction of 18% polymethyl methacrylate, and solvent is propylene carbonate) is spin-coated between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0074] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 10V is applied, and the polyaniline film produces uniform gradient color stripes arranged in order of transparent, yellow, green, and blue from left to right (such as Figure 3 B); stop applying voltage, and the gradient color strip gradually fades away.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] See also Figure 3 A, this embodiment provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0077] A conductive layer is disposed on the lower substrate. In this embodiment, the lower substrate is insulating glass, and the material of the conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO) film. An electrochromic layer is disposed above the conductive layer. In this embodiment, the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline. A first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are disposed on both sides of the conductive layer on the lower substrate. In this embodiment, the material of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is copper foil conductive tape, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and the height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. , retaining walls are respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this embodiment, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble. In this embodiment, the electrolyte is a gel electrolyte (the solute is 0.025 mol / L lithium perchlorate, the mass fraction of polymethyl methacrylate is 18%, and the solvent is propylene carbonate).

[0078] The method for preparing the electrochromic lateral device of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0079] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is arranged on an insulating glass, and then a polyaniline aqueous solution is spin-coated on the top of the indium tin oxide (ITO) film. After the spin coating is completed, a cotton swab is dipped in a small amount of clean water to wipe off the polyaniline on the left and right ends of the lower substrate to prevent the subsequent polyaniline from contacting the copper foil conductive tape; the wiped lower substrate and the electrochromic layer are placed on a heating table at 150°C for annealing for ten minutes to spin-coat the top of the ITO film to obtain a polyaniline film.

[0080] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Then, a gel electrolyte (solute is 0.025 mol / L lithium perchlorate, mass fraction of 18% polymethyl methacrylate, and solvent is propylene carbonate) is spin-coated between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0081] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 10V is applied, and the polyaniline film produces uniform gradient color stripes arranged in order of transparent, yellow, green, and blue from left to right (such as Figure 3 B), maintain the voltage, and then drip UV curing glue to the device to cover the entire device. Then irradiate the electrochromic lateral device with a 365nm light source for 20 seconds, the electrolyte solidifies, stop applying voltage, and the gradient color strip remains (as shown in Figure 3 C).

[0082] Example 6

[0083] See also Figure 3 A, this embodiment provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0084] A conductive layer is arranged on the lower substrate. In the present embodiment, the lower substrate is a flexible polyethylene terephthalate film. The material of the conductive layer is an indium tin oxide (ITO) film. An electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. In the present embodiment, the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline. A first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are arranged on both sides of the conductive layer on the lower substrate. In the present embodiment, the material of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is a copper foil conductive tape. A preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. The height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. On the lower substrate, retaining walls are respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this embodiment, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble. In this embodiment, the electrolyte is a gel electrolyte (the solute is 0.025 mol / L lithium perchlorate, the mass fraction of polymethyl methacrylate is 18%, and the solvent is propylene carbonate).

[0085] The method for preparing the electrochromic lateral device of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0086] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is arranged on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate film, and then a polyaniline aqueous solution is spin-coated on the top of the indium tin oxide (ITO) film. After the spin coating is completed, a cotton swab is dipped in a small amount of clean water to wipe off the polyaniline on the left and right ends of the lower substrate to prevent the subsequent polyaniline from contacting the copper foil conductive tape; the wiped lower substrate and the electrochromic layer are placed on a heating table at 150° C. for annealing for ten minutes to spin-coat the top of the ITO film to obtain a polyaniline film.

[0087] On a flexible polyethylene terephthalate film, a copper foil conductive tape is attached to both sides of the ITO film as a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the flexible polyethylene terephthalate film, packaging glue is provided on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure. Then, a gel electrolyte (solute is 0.025 mol / L lithium perchlorate, mass fraction of 18% polymethyl methacrylate, and solvent is propylene carbonate) is spin-coated between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0088] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 10V is applied, and the polyaniline film produces uniform gradient color stripes arranged in order of transparent, yellow, green, and blue from left to right (such as Figure 3 B), maintain the voltage, and then drip the UV curing glue to the device to cover the entire device. Then irradiate the electrochromic lateral device with a 365nm light source for 20 seconds, the electrolyte solidifies, stop applying the voltage, the gradient color strip remains, and the electrochromic lateral device is flexible (as shown in FIG. Figure 3 C).

[0089] Example 7

[0090] This embodiment provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0091] A conductive layer is arranged on the lower substrate. In the present embodiment, the lower substrate is insulating glass, the material of the conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO) film, and an electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. In the present embodiment, the materials of the electrochromic layer are polyaniline, polypyrrole and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol respectively; a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are arranged on both sides of the conductive layer on the lower substrate respectively. In the present embodiment, the materials of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are copper foil conductive tape, and there is a preset distance between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and the height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer; On the lower substrate, retaining walls are respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In the present embodiment, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble. In the present embodiment, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. In the present embodiment, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0092] The method for preparing the electrochromic lateral device of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0093] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is arranged on an insulating glass, and is electroplated in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and a solvent of water), a pyrrole monomer solution (0.1 mol / L pyrrole, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and a solvent of water) and a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol) monomer solution (0.1 mol / L 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and a solvent of water) in sequence, so that three films of polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol) are electroplated on the top of the ITO film;

[0094] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0095] Connect the positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode to the second conductive electrode, and apply a 3V voltage. It will be found that the three films will have a uniform gradient effect at the same time (such as Figure 6 A); keep the voltage, use the tungsten lamp light source, the electric translation stage and the spectrometer to build the film transmission spectrum test device to measure the gradient spectrum of the three films as shown in Figure 6 As shown in B.

[0096] Comparative Example 1

[0097] See also Figure 2 A, this comparative example provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0098] An electrochromic layer is arranged on the lower substrate. In this comparative example, the lower substrate is insulating glass, and the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline. On the lower substrate, a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are arranged on both sides of the conductive layer, respectively. In this comparative example, the materials of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are copper foil conductive tape, and there is a preset distance between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer, and the heights of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are greater than the height of the electrochromic layer. On the lower substrate, retaining walls are arranged on the other two sides of the electrochromic layer, and the retaining walls are connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrodes are tightly connected to form a frame structure to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this comparative example, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte and the electrochromic layer are immiscible with each other. In this comparative example, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. In this comparative example, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0099] The preparation method of the electrochromic lateral device of this comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0100] Spin-coat a polyaniline aqueous solution on the insulating glass. After the spin coating is completed, use a cotton swab dipped in a small amount of clean water to wipe off the polyaniline on the left and right ends of the lower substrate to prevent the subsequent polyaniline from contacting the copper foil conductive tape. Put the wiped lower substrate and the electrochromic layer on a heating table at 150°C for annealing for ten minutes to spin-coat the top of the insulating glass film to obtain a polyaniline film.

[0101] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the electrochromic layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0102] Connect the positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode to the second conductive electrode. Apply a 3V voltage, and the polyaniline film will produce transparent, light yellow, and blue color stripes arranged in sequence from left to right (such as Figure 2 B); stop applying voltage and the color stripes gradually fade away.

[0103] Compared with Example 1, it is found that if no conductive layer is provided on the lower substrate, the effect of the gradient color stripes obtained will become very poor.

[0104] Comparative Example 2

[0105] See also Figure 5 A, this comparative example provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0106] A conductive layer is arranged on the lower substrate, and an electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. In this comparison, the lower substrate is insulating glass, the material of the conductive layer is an ITO film, and the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline; a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are arranged on both sides above the conductive layer, respectively. In this comparative example, the materials of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are copper foil conductive tape, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer; on the conductive layer, retaining walls are arranged on both sides of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and the retaining walls are connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrodes are tightly connected to form a frame structure to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this comparative example, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer are mutually immiscible. In this comparative example, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. In this comparative example, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0107] The preparation method of the electrochromic lateral device of this comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0108] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is disposed on insulating glass, and electroplated in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate the upper portion of the ITO film to obtain a polyaniline film;

[0109] A copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides above the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the ITO film, packaging glue is provided on both sides of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and the packaging glue is tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0110] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 3V is applied, and the polyaniline film appears as a light yellow color stripe, and no gradient color stripe appears (such as Figure 5 B); stop applying voltage and the color stripes gradually fade away.

[0111] Comparative Example 3

[0112] See also Figure 5 C. This comparative example provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0113] A conductive layer is arranged on the lower substrate, and an electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. In this comparison, the lower substrate is insulating glass, the material of the conductive layer is an ITO film, and the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline; a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are arranged on both sides above the electrochromic layer, respectively. In this comparative example, the materials of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are copper foil conductive tape, and there is a preset distance between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode; on the electrochromic layer, retaining walls are arranged on both sides of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and the retaining walls are connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrodes are tightly connected and together form a frame structure to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this comparative example, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer are mutually immiscible. In this comparative example, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. In this comparative example, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0114] The preparation method of the electrochromic lateral device of this comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0115] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is disposed on insulating glass, and electroplated in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate the upper portion of the ITO film to obtain a polyaniline film;

[0116] A copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides above the polyaniline film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. Then, on the polyaniline film, packaging glue is provided on both sides of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and the packaging glue is tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0117] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 3V is applied, and the polyaniline film appears as a light yellow color stripe, and no gradient color stripe appears (such as Figure 5 D); stop applying voltage and the color stripes gradually fade away.

[0118] Comparative Example 4

[0119] See also Fig. 9 A, this comparative example provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0120] A conductive layer is arranged on the lower substrate, and an electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. In this comparison, the lower substrate is insulating glass, the material of the conductive layer is ITO film, and the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline; a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are arranged on both sides above the electrochromic layer, respectively. In this comparative example, the material of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is copper foil conductive tape, and there is a preset distance between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode; on the electrochromic layer, an annular retaining wall is arranged between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and the annular retaining wall is bonded to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this comparative example, the material of the retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled in the annular retaining wall, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the annular retaining wall. The electrolyte, the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer are mutually insoluble. In this comparative example, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the annular retaining wall. In this comparative example, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0121] The preparation method of the electrochromic lateral device of this comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0122] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is disposed on insulating glass, and electroplated in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate the upper portion of the ITO film to obtain a polyaniline film;

[0123] A copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides above the polyaniline film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. Then, an annular packaging glue is arranged between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode on the polyaniline film, and the annular packaging glue is attached to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected into the annular packaging glue with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the annular retaining wall to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0124] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 3V is applied, and the polyaniline film produces uniform gradient color stripes arranged in sequence of yellow, green, and blue from left to right (such as Fig. 9 C); stop applying voltage and the color stripes gradually fade away.

[0125] Comparative Example 5

[0126] See also Fig. 9B. This comparative example provides an electrochromic lateral device, including a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall;

[0127] A conductive layer is arranged on the lower substrate, and an electrochromic layer is arranged above the conductive layer. In this comparison, the lower substrate is insulating glass, the material of the conductive layer is an ITO film, and the material of the electrochromic layer is polyaniline; a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are arranged on both sides above the conductive layer, respectively. In this comparative example, the materials of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are copper foil conductive tape, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer; on the conductive layer, an annular retaining wall is arranged between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and the annular retaining wall and the first conductive electrode are connected to each other. The conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are bonded and have a preset distance with the electrochromic layer to prevent electrolyte diffusion. In this comparative example, the material of the annular retaining wall is packaging glue; the electrolyte is filled between the annular retaining wall and the electrochromic layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the annular retaining wall. The electrolyte, the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer are mutually immiscible. In this comparative example, the electrolyte is a 0.005 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid solution; an upper substrate is also arranged above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the annular retaining wall. In this comparative example, the upper substrate is transparent glass.

[0128] The preparation method of the electrochromic lateral device of this comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0129] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is disposed on insulating glass, and electroplated in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate the upper portion of the ITO film to obtain a polyaniline film;

[0130] A copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides above the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the ITO film, an annular packaging glue is arranged between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and the annular packaging glue is attached to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the electrochromic layer. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the annular packaging glue. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the annular packaging glue with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the annular packaging glue, so as to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0131] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 3V is applied, and the polyaniline film produces uniform gradient color stripes arranged in sequence of yellow, green, and blue from left to right (such as Fig. 9 D); stop applying voltage and the color stripes gradually fade away.

[0132] Application Example 1

[0133] The electrochromic lateral device prepared in Example 1 is used to construct a spectrometer, and its principle and structure are as follows: Figure 7 As shown in A, in the process of building a spectrometer, there are three schemes for placing the electrochromic lateral device, namely, combining the electrochromic lateral device with a lens, combining the electrochromic lateral device with a camera, and directly integrating the electrochromic lateral device onto the imaging sensor.

[0134] Figure 7 B shows an example of a physical picture of combining an electrochromic lateral device with a lens, and uses this scheme to fit a monochromatic target spectrum with a half-peak width of 2nm. The reconstructed spectrum is basically consistent with the target spectrum (e.g. Figure 7 C), demonstrating the potential of electrochromic lateral devices as core components for spectral encoding in spectrometers.

[0135] Application Example 2

[0136] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is arranged on insulating glass, and a 3×3 ITO film array is obtained by laser etching, and electroplating is performed in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphor sulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate the top of the 3×3 ITO film array to obtain an arrayed polyaniline film;

[0137] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0138] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 6V is applied, and all polyaniline films undergo the same uniform gradient effect at the same time (such as Figure 8 shown).

[0139] Compared with Example 1, by using this arrayed electrochromic lateral device as the core element of spectral encoding, a single gradient area is a small spectrometer, and multiple spectrometers are arranged in space to prepare a hyperspectral camera.

[0140] Application Example 3

[0141] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is provided on insulating glass and electroplated in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphorsulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate an arrayed polyaniline film on the top of the ITO film array. The polyaniline film and the ITO underneath are etched away using a femtosecond laser to form a 5×5 polyaniline film array (with a 5×5 ITO film array at the bottom).

[0142] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0143] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 6V is applied, and all polyaniline films undergo the same uniform gradient effect at the same time (such as Figure 4 A).

[0144] Compared with Example 1, by using this arrayed electrochromic lateral device as the core element of spectral encoding, a single gradient area is a small spectrometer, and multiple spectrometers are arranged in space to prepare a hyperspectral camera.

[0145] Application Example 4

[0146] An indium tin oxide (ITO) film is provided on insulating glass and electroplated in an aniline monomer solution (0.1 mol / L aniline, 0.025 mol / L sodium polystyrene sulfonate, 0.025 mol / L camphorsulfonic acid, 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid, and the solvent is water) to electroplate an arrayed polyaniline film on the top of the ITO film array. The polyaniline film and the ITO underneath are etched away using a femtosecond laser to form a 10×10 polyaniline film array (with a 10×10 ITO film array at the bottom).

[0147] On the insulating glass, a copper foil conductive tape is respectively attached to both sides of the ITO film as the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer. Then, on the insulating glass, packaging glue is respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the packaging glue is tightly connected with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together. Transparent glass is covered above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall. Then, a 0.005 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte is injected between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer with a syringe, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts with the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to obtain an electrochromic lateral device.

[0148] The positive electrode of the constant voltage power supply is connected to the first conductive electrode, and the negative electrode is connected to the second conductive electrode. A voltage of 6V is applied, and all polyaniline films undergo the same uniform gradient effect at the same time (such as Figure 4 B).

[0149] Compared with Example 1, by using this arrayed electrochromic lateral device as the core element of spectral encoding, a single gradient area is a small spectrometer, and multiple spectrometers are arranged in space to prepare a hyperspectral camera.

[0150] Test Case

[0151] The electrochromic lateral devices prepared in Examples 1-3 were compared with the lateral electrochromic gradient devices reported in the literature, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] It can be seen from the above table that the electrochromic lateral device structure of the present invention can obtain a faster gradient response time while ensuring a uniform gradient effect under the electric field driving mode, and the current is very small and the overall power consumption is also small.

[0155] Although the principles of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely explanations of the exemplary implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The details in the embodiments do not constitute limitations on the scope of the present invention, and any obvious changes such as equivalent transformations, simple replacements, etc. based on the technical solution of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrochromic lateral device, characterized in that: It includes a lower substrate, a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte, a first conductive electrode, a second conductive electrode and a retaining wall; A conductive layer is disposed on the lower substrate, and an electrochromic layer is disposed above the conductive layer; On the lower substrate, a first conductive electrode and a second conductive electrode are respectively arranged on both sides of the conductive layer, and a preset distance is provided between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and the height of the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode is greater than the height of the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer; On the lower substrate, retaining walls are respectively arranged on the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together; The electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. The electrolyte, the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer are mutually insoluble.

2. The electrochromic lateral device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper substrate is also disposed above the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, the second conductive electrode and the retaining wall; The lower substrate is an insulating substrate, preferably, the lower substrate is selected from one or more of glass, flexible film and silicon; The upper substrate is a transparent insulating substrate. Preferably, the upper substrate is selected from one or more of transparent glass and transparent flexible film.

3. The electrochromic lateral device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive layer is selected from one or more of an indium tin oxide film, a fluorine-doped tin oxide film, an aluminum-doped zinc oxide film, a silver film, a gold film and a platinum film; and / or, The material of the electrochromic layer includes organic electrochromic material and inorganic electrochromic material; The organic electrochromic material is selected from one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-methanol, and the inorganic electrochromic material is selected from one or more of tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide, titanium oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide and Prussian blue.

4. The electrochromic lateral device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolyte is selected from one or more of a solid electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte and a gel electrolyte; The solid electrolyte is selected from one or more of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, lithium aluminum titanium phosphate, lithium phosphosulfide, and a composite of polyethylene oxide and lithium salt; The liquid electrolyte is selected from one or more of an aqueous acid solution, a non-aqueous lithium salt solution, and a non-aqueous sodium salt solution; The gel electrolyte is an electrolyte in which a gel polymer is added to a liquid electrolyte.

5. The electrochromic lateral device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolyte also includes a curing agent; The curing agent is selected from one of an ultraviolet curing agent and a thermal curing agent or a mixture of the two.

6. The electrochromic lateral device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive layer is a conductive array containing at least two mutually independent conductive regions.

7. A method for preparing an electrochromic lateral device, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Disposing a conductive layer on the lower substrate, and then disposing an electrochromic layer on the conductive layer; On the lower substrate, the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are respectively attached to the two sides of the conductive layer, and there is a preset distance between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer and the electrochromic layer, and then retaining walls are respectively arranged on the lower substrate and the other two sides of the conductive layer, and the retaining walls are tightly connected to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode to form a frame structure together; An electrolyte is filled between the first conductive electrode, the second conductive electrode and the conductive layer, and the electrolyte covers the electrochromic layer and contacts the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode, thereby obtaining the electrochromic lateral device.

8. The method for preparing the electrochromic lateral device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Before filling the electrolyte, the method further includes the step of covering the first conductive electrode, the electrolyte, and the second conductive electrode with a substrate; After covering the substrate, the electrolyte is filled by injection.

9. A spectrometer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the electrochromic lateral device as claimed in claim 1.

10. A hyperspectral camera, characterized in that: The invention comprises the electrochromic lateral device as claimed in claim 1.

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