Smart home dynamic control system and method based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication

Abstract

The invention discloses a smart home dynamic control system and method based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication. The smart home dynamic control system comprises a heart rate monitoring module, a Bluetooth communication module, a control center module, a household appliance control module and a user interaction module. The heart rate monitoring module collects heart rate data of a user in real time through a reflective photoelectric volume method, and the heart rate data is broadcasted and transmitted to the control center module through the Bluetooth communication module on the basis of a BLE4.0 protocol. The control center module generates a dynamic control instruction according to a preset heart rate state threshold value (movement, quiet sitting and sleep), and drives the household appliance control module to adjust the equipment operation state; and the user interaction module supports manual / automatic mode switching and state display. According to the system, self-adaptive detection frequency (20 seconds per time when the system is worn and 1 minute per time when the system is not worn) and a direct-current chopping dimming technology are adopted to reduce energy consumption, multi-device cooperative control is achieved in combination with device priority queue management, and home automation and energy utilization efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of smart home and biosensor technology, and specifically to a home dynamic control system and method based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication, which drives the coordinated control of home appliances through real-time physiological data to achieve the goals of intelligence and energy saving. Background Art

[0002] Existing smart home systems mostly rely on preset scenarios (such as CN109991985A) or voice interaction (such as CN110673617A), and cannot dynamically respond to the user's physiological state. Traditional heart rate monitoring devices (such as CN108742597A) are independent of the home network, and fixed-cycle detection leads to excessive energy consumption. In addition, centralized control architectures (such as CN110141154A) have problems such as poor scalability and response delays. Summary of the invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: In view of the technical defects of existing smart home systems, such as the lack of physiological state perception, the lack of collaborative control mechanism between devices based on user status, and the lack of dynamic optimization capability of energy management strategies, the present invention aims to provide a home dynamic control system and method based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication. By collecting user heart rate data in real time and building a physiological state-device linkage model, combined with low-power Bluetooth broadcast communication and adaptive energy consumption management strategy, dynamic collaborative control of household appliances can be achieved. The present invention solves the problem that traditional home systems cannot automatically adjust the operating status of devices according to the real-time physiological needs of users. While improving the user experience, it significantly reduces ineffective energy consumption, and provides an innovative solution for the smart home field with precise human response, efficient device collaboration, and optimized energy utilization.

[0004] Technical solution: The present invention provides a home dynamic control system and method based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication. The smart home dynamic control system based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication includes a heart rate monitoring module, a Bluetooth communication module, a control center module, a home appliance control module, a user interaction module and a device priority queue management.

[0005] The heart rate monitoring module includes a MAX30102 sensor and an STM32 microprocessor to complete heart rate data collection and state classification. The MAX30102 sensor is equipped with a dual-wavelength light source of red light (660nm) and infrared light (880nm), collects user heart rate data based on reflective photoelectric volumetric method, and transmits it to the STM32 microprocessor via an I²C interface. The STM32 microprocessor has a built-in sliding window average algorithm and a wavelet transform denoising module to eliminate motion artifact interference, calculate the heart rate value in real time and classify it into preset states (exercise state: heart rate ≥ 100BPM; sitting state: 60≤ heart rate < 100BPM; sleep state: heart rate < 60BPM).

[0006] The Bluetooth communication module adopts the HC08 module to realize low-power Bluetooth communication and command transmission. The HC08 module transmits data in broadcast mode based on the BLE 4.0 protocol, supports multi-device parallel communication, and the response time is ≤200ms. The data transmission cycle of the Bluetooth communication module is: once every 20 seconds when the heart rate monitoring bracelet is worn, and once every 1 minute when it is not worn.

[0007] The control center module is integrated in the STM32 microprocessor, and is used to filter and classify the heart rate data, and generate control instructions that match the heart rate state (exercise state: trigger the light brightness to increase to 70%, turn on the water heater; sitting state: maintain the operation of basic equipment; sleep state: turn off non-essential electrical appliances and start the low-power night light mode), which are sent to the Bluetooth communication module for broadcast through the UART interface and sent to the home appliance control module through the GPIO interface.

[0008] The home appliance control module includes an AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer, a relay array and a PWM dimming circuit, which receives the control instructions and adjusts the state of the home appliance equipment to realize dynamic control of the home appliance. After the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer receives the instructions sent by the control center module, it controls the home appliance switch through the relay array (model G3MB-202P), and the PWM dimming circuit (MOSFET model IRF540N) uses DC chopping technology to adjust the LED brightness through the duty cycle (0~80%), and integrates an overvoltage protection circuit (TVS diode model SMBJ5.0A). The home appliance control module expands the device node through the ZigBee protocol (chip CC2530), and a single control center manages up to 32 devices, completing the system scalability design.

[0009] The user interaction module includes an OLED display screen and a physical switch to realize user interaction and mode management. The OLED display screen displays the system status in real time; the user completes the manual / automatic control mode switching through the physical switch.

[0010] The device priority queue management gives priority to keeping high-priority devices online in power saving mode, thereby reducing standby energy consumption.

[0011] The smart home dynamic control method based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication includes the following steps:

[0012] S1: Collect the user's heart rate monitoring PPG signal through the MAX30102 sensor, and obtain the real-time heart rate value through filtering and calculation;

[0013] S2: Generate a control instruction based on a preset heart rate state threshold, and transmit it to the home appliance control module via Bluetooth broadcast;

[0014] S3: The AT89C52 single chip microcomputer drives the relay array and the PWM dimming circuit to execute instructions to adjust the state of the home appliance;

[0015] S4: The user checks the status and switches the control mode through the OLED display screen;

[0016] S5: Through device priority queue management, high-priority devices are kept online in power saving mode.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The present invention uses a smart home dynamic control system and method based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication to drive the coordinated control of home appliances with real-time physiological data, thereby achieving the goals of intelligence and energy saving. The specific effects are as follows:

[0018] (1) Accurate human-factor response. By collecting the user's heart rate data in real time and classifying it into exercise, sitting, and sleeping states, the system can dynamically adjust the operating mode of home appliances (such as turning up the lights when exercising and turning off non-essential appliances when sleeping), significantly reducing the need for manual operation and improving the level of home automation.

[0019] (2) Efficient device collaboration. The BLE 4.0 broadcast protocol is used to achieve parallel communication among multiple devices, with a response time of ≤200ms, avoiding signal congestion caused by traditional Bluetooth one-to-one pairing and supporting efficient collaborative control of multiple devices.

[0020] (3) Significant energy-saving effect. Through adaptive detection frequency (20 seconds / time when wearing, 1 minute / time when not wearing) and device priority queue management (security > lighting > entertainment), the system standby energy consumption is reduced by 67%, and the average annual electricity saving for a single household is about 318.7 kWh (based on actual measured data from smart home pilot projects).

[0021] (4) Flexible scalability. It supports ZigBee protocol expansion device nodes. A single control center can manage up to 32 devices. Users can quickly add / delete devices (such as smart sockets and air conditioners) through mobile terminals or control centers to adapt to different home scenarios.

[0022] (5) Low cost and high stability. The use of highly integrated hardware (STM32 microprocessor, AT89C52 driver module) simplifies circuit design and reduces production costs. The system has strong operating stability and small hardware action fluctuations, making it suitable for long-term home use and low maintenance costs.

[0023] (6) Improved user experience. The system provides a one-touch switch function between manual and automatic modes. Users can freely choose the control mode according to their needs, taking into account both intelligence and operational autonomy. The OLED display screen displays the system status in real time, enhancing the user interaction experience.

[0024] (7) Environmental protection and social benefits. Through dynamic adjustment of home appliances driven by heart rate (such as automatically shutting down non-essential appliances during sleep), large-scale application can significantly reduce carbon emissions and promote the development of green homes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a system architecture diagram;

[0026] Figure 2 This is the MAX30102 sensor signal processing flow chart;

[0027] Figure 3 It is the logic diagram of the heart rate state classification algorithm;

[0028] Figure 4 This is the schematic diagram of the PWM dimming circuit;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the device expansion interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to explain the technical solution of the present invention in detail, the following is further described in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments of the specification. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0031] See also Figure 1The present invention provides a smart home dynamic control system based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication, including a heart rate monitoring module, a Bluetooth communication module, a control center module, a home appliance control module and a user interaction module. The heart rate monitoring module includes a MAX30102 sensor and an STM32 microprocessor, completes heart rate data acquisition and state classification, collects user heart rate data through reflective photoelectric volumetric method, and transmits it to the STM32 microprocessor through an I²C interface. The Bluetooth communication module adopts an HC08 module, and transmits heart rate data and control instructions in broadcast mode based on the BLE4.0 protocol to achieve low-power Bluetooth communication and instruction transmission. The control center module is integrated in the STM32 microprocessor, and is used to filter and classify heart rate data, and generate control instructions matching the heart rate state, which are sent to the Bluetooth communication module for broadcasting through the UART interface, and sent to the home appliance control module through the GPIO interface. The home appliance control module includes an AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer, a relay array and a PWM dimming circuit, which receives the control instructions and adjusts the state of home appliances to achieve dynamic control of home appliances. The user interaction module includes an OLED display screen and a physical switch, which are used to display the system status and switch the manual / automatic mode.

[0032] See also Figure 2 , the specific steps of the MAX30102 sensor signal processing flow are:

[0033] Initialization: Configure the I²C interface and set the MAX30102 registers (the mode is configured as heart rate monitoring mode, the sampling frequency is 100Hz, and the LED pulse width is 411us).

[0034] Data acquisition: Red light (660nm) and infrared light (880nm) are emitted alternately, and the photodiode receives the reflected light signal, which is converted into a digital heart rate signal by an 18-bit ADC.

[0035] Signal preprocessing: A fifth-order Butterworth bandpass filter (0.5-5 Hz) was used to eliminate baseline drift and electromyographic interference; wavelet transform was applied to eliminate motion artifacts and retain effective pulse wave characteristics.

[0036] Heart rate calculation: Detects peak values ​​based on the Pan-Tompkins algorithm and calculates the average heart rate value.

[0037] Data output: transmitted to the STM32 microprocessor via the I²C interface for subsequent status classification.

[0038] See also Figure 3, the heart rate state classification algorithm determines the state threshold of the input real-time heart rate value: if the heart rate is <60BPM, it is determined to be in the sleep state, turn off non-essential appliances and start the low-power night light mode; if 60BPM≤heart rate<100BPM, it is determined to be in the sitting state, and the basic equipment is maintained; if ≥100BPM, it is determined to be in the exercise state, triggering the light brightness to increase to 70% and turning on the water heater. A fault-tolerant mechanism is designed to verify abnormal data. If the heart rate data is abnormal, such as exceeding the physiological range for 5 consecutive times, it is switched to the infrared sensor for retesting.

[0039] See also Figure 4 The working voltage of the PWM dimming circuit is 5V. Its core component is MOSFET (model IRF540N), which controls the LED brightness through the duty cycle of the PWM signal (0~80%). The LED string is connected in series with a current limiting resistor (150Ω). TVS diode (model SMBJ5.0A) is used to achieve overvoltage protection to prevent voltage surges from damaging the LED. The filter capacitor is a 100nF electrolytic capacitor, which is used to smooth the PWM waveform.

[0040] See also Figure 5 The main control module (AT89C52 microcontroller) expands device nodes through the ZigBee protocol (CC2530 chip), supports Mesh networks, and a single control center can manage up to 32 devices; the main control module reserves GPIO, I²C and UART interfaces, and is compatible with a variety of peripherals such as smart sockets, air conditioners, and audio. New devices broadcast joining requests through the Mesh network, and the AT89C52 microcontroller automatically assigns a unique device ID and updates the control strategy table. The power management part uses an independent 3.3V line and is configured with a decoupling capacitor (0.1μF) to reduce noise interference and ensure stable operation of the system.

[0041] Example 1: Heart rate monitoring and data processing

[0042] The MAX30102 sensor collects heart rate signals at a sampling frequency of 100Hz. After filtering with a 5th-order Butterworth bandpass filter (0.5~5Hz), the STM32 microprocessor extracts the heart rate value. When the heart rate is detected to be ≥100BPM for 5 minutes, the water heater is turned on and the light brightness is adjusted to 70%.

[0043] Example 2: Equipment expansion and energy consumption management

[0044] New devices are connected through the ZigBee module (CC2530), and the AT89C52 automatically assigns device IDs and updates the control strategy table. In power saving mode, only security devices are kept online through device priority queue management, and the measured standby power consumption is ≤1.2W.

[0045] This system has passed the GB / T 17626 series EMC test, adapted to the 220V / 110V mains power standard, and is used in smart home pilot projects with an operating stability of 99.5%.

Claims

1. A smart home dynamic control system based on heart rate monitoring and Bluetooth communication, characterized in that: include: Heart rate monitoring module, Bluetooth communication module, control center module, home appliance control module, user interaction module and device priority queue management.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The heart rate monitoring module includes a MAX30102 sensor and an STM32 microprocessor, which are used to collect user heart rate data through reflective photoelectric volumetric method and transmit the data to the STM32 microprocessor through an I²C interface; the Bluetooth communication module uses an HC08 module to transmit heart rate data and control instructions in a broadcast mode based on the BLE4.0 protocol; the control center module is integrated in the STM32 microprocessor, which is used to filter and classify the heart rate data and generate control instructions matching the heart rate state; the home appliance control module includes an AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer, a relay array and a PWM dimming circuit, which receives the control instructions and adjusts the state of home appliances; the user interaction module includes an OLED display screen and a physical switch, which are used to display the system state and switch between manual and automatic modes; the device priority queue management is used to prioritize the maintenance of high-priority devices online in power saving mode.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The MAX30102 sensor is equipped with a dual light source of red light (660nm) and infrared light (880nm), and the STM32 microprocessor has a built-in sliding window average algorithm and a wavelet transform denoising module to eliminate motion artifact interference.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The HC08 module supports AT commands to dynamically configure the master-slave mode, device name and baud rate. The operating frequency band is 2.4GHz ISM, the maximum transmit power is 4dBm, and the receiving sensitivity is -93dBm.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The control center module presets the heart rate state threshold as: Exercise status: heart rate ≥ 100 BPM, trigger light brightness to increase to 70% and turn on the water heater; Sitting state: 60BPM≤heart rate<100BPM, maintain basic equipment operation; Sleeping state: heart rate <60BPM, turn off non-essential appliances and activate low-power night light mode.

6. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The PWM dimming circuit adopts DC chopping technology to adjust the LED brightness through the duty cycle (0~80%) and integrates an overvoltage protection circuit (TVS diode model SMBJ5.0A).

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The data transmission cycle of the Bluetooth communication module is: once every 20 seconds when the heart rate monitoring bracelet is worn, and once every 1 minute when it is not worn.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The home appliance control module expands device nodes through the ZigBee protocol (chip CC2530), and a single control center can manage a maximum of 32 devices.

9. A smart home dynamic control method based on the system of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Collect the user's heart rate signal through the MAX30102 sensor, and obtain the real-time heart rate value through filtering and calculation; S2: Generate a control instruction based on a preset heart rate state threshold, and transmit it to the home appliance control module via Bluetooth broadcast; S3: The AT89C52 single chip microcomputer drives the relay array and the PWM dimming circuit to execute instructions to adjust the state of the home appliance; S4: The user checks the status and switches the control mode through the OLED display screen; S5: Through device priority queue management, high-priority devices are kept online in power saving mode.

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