A method for testing the displacement of bridge bearings based on microwave vibration measurement

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge structure safety, and particularly relates to a method for testing the displacement of bridge bearings based on microwave vibration measurement, including: collecting the structural dimension information of each bridge bearing in the bridge bearing installation scenario through a ranging device, constructing a three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing according to the collected structural dimension information of each bridge bearing, and based on the ranging device measuring the distance from the installation ground surface of the bridge bearing to the nearest and largest planar component on the bridge bearing, creating a reference plane according to the measurement result, and placing the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing on the reference plane; through the method of constructing the three-dimensional model and reference plane of the bridge bearing, the present invention conducts an adaptive design for the deployment pose and quantity of the microwave vibration measurement device, and at the same time, through the state monitoring of the vehicles driving on the bridge, selects the best microwave signal acquisition time to collect microwave signals, enabling the microwave vibration measurement device to comprehensively and accurately collect microwave signal information, so as to detect the displacement of the bridge bearing based on the collected information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge structure safety, and particularly relates to a method for measuring bridge bearing displacement based on microwave vibration measurement. Background Art

[0002] Bridge microwave vibration measurement is an advanced monitoring technology. It emits signals to the bridge bearing using microwaves and obtains vibration information by receiving the reflected waves. According to the changes in the phase, frequency, etc. of the signals, the bearing displacement can be accurately calculated. This technology is not affected by light and weather, can be monitored in real time, and provides key data support for the safety assessment and maintenance of bridge structures.

[0003] A Chinese invention patent with the application number 202011107251.1 discloses a rapid test and evaluation system for bridge structure performance and safety, including: a microwave vibration measurement subsystem, a test and evaluation module, and a display and storage module. Among them: the microwave vibration measurement subsystem is connected to the test and evaluation module to transmit the measurement results of the static deflection, dynamic deformation, and vibration response of the bridge structure measurement points. The microwave vibration measurement subsystem is also connected to the display and storage module to transmit the measurement results of the static deflection, dynamic deformation, and vibration response of each measurement point of the bridge structure. The test and evaluation module evaluates the performance and safety of the bridge structure based on the extracted static deflection, dynamic deformation, and vibration response information of the full-field measurement points of the bridge structure for static and dynamic test results, and obtains the test evaluation result information of the bridge structure performance and safety and outputs it to the display and storage module. The microwave vibration measurement subsystem covers the bridge structure to be measured by setting the emission beam of the microwave vibration measurement subsystem, controls the repeated emission of linear frequency modulation continuous wave microwave signals while collecting multi-channel intermediate frequency baseband signals, selects the intermediate frequency baseband signals of multiple channels in any sweep period, and obtains the distance and angle image information of multiple measurement points of the bridge structure based on two-dimensional Fourier transform and peak search, realizing the joint positioning of multiple measurement points of the bridge structure in the distance and angle dimensions. The evaluation of the bridge structure performance and safety refers to: for the static load test condition, the test and evaluation module judges whether the bridge structure meets the design requirements or has safety risks by comparing the static deflection sizes of each measurement point or key measurement points of the bridge structure with the design values; for the dynamic load test condition, the test and evaluation module judges whether there is damage and the possible damage location of the bridge structure by identifying the modal parameters of the bridge structure and combining the comparison of the dynamic deflection parameters with the design values.

[0004] This application aims to solve the problems of "microwave vibration measurement technology being limited by the emission bandwidth, having low distance resolution, and prominent problems of static clutter interference, adjacent multi-component coupling, and aliasing interference of components in the same distance unit, being unable to realize the measurement of the full-field deformation and vibration of the bridge, unable to realize the measurement of the torsional characteristics of the bridge structure, and being difficult to effectively evaluate the performance and safety of the bridge structure".

[0005] However, the existing technology of applying microwave vibration measurement technology to bridge bearing displacement detection has not made any design analysis and decision for the microwave vibration measurement points, resulting in the accuracy of microwave vibration measurement being affected by the detection environment. Furthermore, during the execution stage of microwave vibration measurement, there is no suitability analysis of microwave test conditions, resulting in the overall accuracy of microwave vibration measurement still needs to be improved.

[0006] Therefore, we proposed a bridge bearing displacement testing method based on microwave vibrometer. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement to solve the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement, comprising:

[0010] The distance measuring device is used to collect the structural dimension information of the bridge bearing in the bridge bearing installation scene, and a three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is constructed based on the collected structural dimension information of the bridge bearing. The distance from the bridge bearing installation land surface to the nearest largest planar component on the bridge bearing is measured based on the distance measuring device. A reference surface is created based on the measurement result, and the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is placed on the reference surface. According to the result of the placement operation of the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing on the reference surface, the deployment position and direction of the microwave vibration measurement equipment are selected. The operation cycle of the microwave vibration measurement equipment is set, and dynamic weighing equipment is deployed at the entrance and exit of the bridge. During the operation cycle of the microwave vibration measurement equipment, the dynamic weighing equipment is used to measure the distance from the bridge bearing installation land surface to the nearest largest planar component on the bridge bearing. The weighing equipment senses whether there are vehicles on the bridge, and triggers the microwave vibration measuring equipment to operate when there are no vehicles on the bridge; the microwave vibration measuring equipment transmits microwave signals to the bridge bearings, and simultaneously receives the reflected signals from the bridge bearings, and further converts the reflected information into electrical signals, and picks up the amplitude information, frequency information, phase information and waveform information from the electrical signals; the bridge bearing displacement is analyzed according to the phase information and waveform information, and the bearing displacement analysis results are corrected according to the amplitude information and frequency information; the corrected results are obtained, and the displacement risk analysis is performed on each bridge bearing based on the corrected results, and the bridge stability is further evaluated in combination with the displacement risk analysis results of each bridge bearing.

[0011] Furthermore, the distance measuring device is a laser distance meter, and the distance measuring device collects the information of each structural dimension of the bridge bearing and simultaneously obtains its own position information. The three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing simultaneously retains the posture characteristics of the bridge bearing when constructing, and the posture characteristics of the bridge bearing include: tilt direction and tilt angle;

[0012] The nearest and largest planar component on the bridge bearing is the component that is closest to the installation ground surface of the bridge bearing, has a planar bottom surface and is the largest. When measuring the distance from the installation ground surface of the bridge bearing to the nearest and largest planar component on the bridge bearing, based on the contour of the nearest and largest planar component from the top-down perspective, define the ranging area on the ground surface. Select no less than three points in the ranging area to perform the ranging operation, and create a reference plane based on the ranging results.

[0013] Among them, the reference plane is constructed and created in the same three-dimensional space as the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing. After both the reference plane and the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing are completed in construction and creation, move and translate the reference plane and the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing until the bottom surface of the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is tangent to the reference plane to complete the operation of placing the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing on the reference plane.

[0014] Furthermore, the points selected in the ranging area for performing the ranging operation are user-defined. During the stage of performing the ranging operation in the ranging area, obtain the position information of the points where the laser beam emitted by the ranging device falls on the surface of the nearest and largest planar component on the bridge bearing. Accumulate the ranging results based on the position information to obtain the position coordinates of the ranging device on the ground surface when performing the ranging operation. Connect adjacent points in the three-dimensional space based on the position coordinates to obtain a closed figure, and the plane where the figure is located is denoted as the reference plane.

[0015] Among them, after the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is placed on the reference plane, apply any real coordinates on the bridge bearing and the corresponding coordinates on the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing to calculate the ratio between the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing and the bridge bearing. Based on the ratio calculation result, adjust the scale of the three-dimensional space where the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is located so that the size of the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing in the three-dimensional space is exactly the same as the size of the bridge bearing.

[0016] Furthermore, during the stage of selecting the deployment position of the microwave vibration measurement device, select the deployment position of the microwave vibration measurement device in the ranging area of the three-dimensional space where the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing and the reference plane are located after the scale adjustment is completed.

[0017] The deployment directions of the microwave vibration measurement devices are all such that the microwave emission direction of the microwave vibration measurement device is parallel to the vibration direction of the bridge bearing.

[0018] Among them, the vibration direction of the bridge bearing is the direction defined by the vertical central axis of the bridge bearing. When deploying the microwave vibration measurement device, use the angle formed under the perspective that the reference plane and the vertical central axis of the bridge bearing are in a straight line on the reference plane as a reference. During the stage of deploying the microwave vibration measurement device, place the microwave vibration measurement device on the ground surface and further bury it obliquely so that the sum of the inclination angle when the microwave vibration measurement device is buried and the angle is 180 degrees.

[0019] Furthermore, the deployment location of the microwave vibration measurement device is customized by the user, and the number of deployed microwave vibration measurement devices follows:

[0020] ;

[0021] where: is the number of deployed microwave vibration measurement devices; is the area of the ranging region; is the bottom area of the bridge bearing in the ranging region; is the service years of the bridge bearing; is the designed service life of the bridge bearing; is the softness coefficient of the foundation geological layer of the bridge bearing; is the total amount of bridge bearings used in the bridge installation;

[0022] Among them, when obtaining the number of deployed microwave vibration measurement devices , round up. The softness coefficient of the foundation geological layer of the bridge bearing is calculated by the following formula:

[0023] ;

[0024] where: is the volume of the rock and soil mass in the loose state after the geological layer is excavated; is the excavation volume of the geological layer; is the correction factor, 0.9 ≤ ≤ 1.1, and it follows that: the larger the proportion of the soil of the excavated rock and soil mass in the geological layer, the larger the value of the correction factor , and vice versa, the smaller the value of the correction factor .

[0025] Furthermore, the operation cycle of the microwave vibration measurement device is customized by the user;

[0026] The dynamic weighing devices deployed at the entrance and exit ends of the bridge operate in real time to store the dynamic weighing results and perform interactive operations in real time:

[0027] ;

[0028] where: is the judgment value; is the set of weighing results of the vehicles entering the bridge through the dynamic weighing device; is the set of weighing results of the vehicles exiting the bridge through the dynamic weighing device; is the number of weighing results in the set of weighing results outside the intersection of the two sets;

[0029] Among them, the judgment value When the value is 0, the microwave vibration measurement device is triggered to operate.

[0030] Furthermore, the analysis logic of the bridge bearing displacement is expressed as:

[0031] ;

[0032] In the formula: is the bridge bearing displacement; is the number of microwave vibration measurement devices corresponding to the bridge bearing; is the displacement reflected by the v-th microwave vibration measurement device; is the configuration weight of the v-th microwave vibration measurement device; is the phase difference; is the microwave wavelength;

[0033] Among them, , the weights are all positive numbers, and they follow the rule that the closer the microwave vibration measurement device is to the bridge bearing, the larger the weight value, and vice versa, the smaller the weight value. Based on the above formula, each bridge bearing displacement is obtained and denoted as , then each calculation and analysis result of the bridge bearing displacement takes as an example and is denoted as, , Similarly.

[0034] Furthermore, the further correction logic of the bridge bearing displacement analysis result is expressed as:

[0035] ;

[0036] In the formula: is the corrected bridge bearing displacement; is the total number of frequency components; , are the amplitude and frequency of the p-th frequency component; is the time variable starting from the operation time of the microwave vibration measurement device;

[0037] Among them, based on the above formula, the bridge bearing displacements calculated each time are corrected, then is denoted as , is denoted as .

[0038] Furthermore, the bridge bearing displacement risk analysis logic is expressed as:

[0039] Taking the of bridge bearing a as an example;

[0040] ;

[0041] In the formula: is the displacement risk of bridge bearing a; is the number of displacement analyses of bridge bearing a; 、 are the displacement values obtained from the r-th and (r + 1)-th analyses of bridge bearing a; is the operation of taking the minimum value within the brackets;

[0042] Among them, 、 both come from , and the displacement risk of bridge bearing a The larger the value, the higher the risk; on the contrary, the lower the risk.

[0043] Furthermore, the bridge stability evaluation logic is expressed as:

[0044] ;

[0045] In the formula: is the bridge stability performance value; is the displacement risk of bridge bearing a; is the stability influence ratio of bridge bearing a;

[0046] Among them, The sum value of is 1, and Each item in is a positive number, and The values of each item in follow the setting logic that the closer the bridge bearing is to the midpoint of the bridge, the larger the value; on the contrary, the smaller the value. The bridge stability performance value The smaller it is, the more stable the bridge is; on the contrary, the more unstable the bridge is.

[0047] Adopting the technical solution provided by the present invention, compared with the known public technology, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] The present invention provides a method for testing the displacement of bridge bearings based on microwave vibration measurement. During the execution of this method, by constructing a three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing and a reference plane, an adaptive design is carried out for the deployment pose and quantity of the microwave vibration measurement equipment. At the same time, through the state monitoring of the vehicles driving on the bridge, the best microwave signal acquisition time is selected for microwave signal acquisition, so that the microwave vibration measurement equipment can comprehensively and accurately collect microwave signal information. Then, based on the collected information, the displacement of the bridge bearing is detected, and further, according to the displacement detection result of the bridge bearing, a safety assessment is carried out on the bridge bearing and the bridge supported by each bridge bearing, effectively improving the safety of bridge use and ensuring that the bridge state is healthy and serves the traffic scenario. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing the displacement of bridge bearings based on microwave vibration measurement;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a bridge bearing example in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the logic for determining the ranging area in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the logic for adjusting the deployment pose of the microwave vibration measurement device in the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a layout plan of the left bridge span of the bridge in the example of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 It is an example layout diagram of the microwave vibration measurement device in the present invention;

[0056] The reference numerals in the figure respectively represent: 1, land surface; 2, bridge bearing; 3, the bridge bearing component closest to the land surface where the bridge bearing is installed, with a flat bottom and the largest size; 4, ranging area; 5, microwave vibration measurement device; 6, tilt angle. Detailed implementation manners

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] The following further describes the present invention with reference to the embodiments.

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] A method for testing the displacement of bridge bearings based on microwave vibration measurement in this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, includes:

[0061] Collect the structural dimension information of each bridge bearing in the bridge bearing installation scenario through a ranging device, construct a 3D model of the bridge bearing based on the collected structural dimension information of each bridge bearing, and measure the distance from the installation ground surface of the bridge bearing to the nearest and largest flat component on the bridge bearing using the ranging device. Create a reference plane based on the measurement result and place the 3D model of the bridge bearing on the reference plane;

[0062] Select the deployment position and deployment direction of the microwave vibration measurement device according to the result of placing and operating the 3D model of the bridge bearing on the reference plane;

[0063] The deployment position of the microwave vibration measurement device is customized by the user side, and the number of deployed microwave vibration measurement devices follows:

[0064] ;

[0065] In the formula: is the number of deployed microwave vibration measurement devices; is the area of the ranging region; is the bottom area of the bridge bearing in the ranging region; is the number of years the bridge bearing has been in use; is the designed service life of the bridge bearing; is the softness coefficient of the foundation geological layer of the bridge bearing; is the total quantity of bridge bearings applied to the bridge installation;

[0066] Among them, when obtaining the number of deployed microwave vibration measurement devices , round up. The softness coefficient of the foundation geological layer of the bridge bearing is calculated by the following formula:

[0067] ;

[0068] In the formula: is the volume of the rock and soil mass in the loose state after the geological layer is excavated; is the volume of the geological layer excavation; is the correction factor, 0.9 ≤ ≤ 1.1, and follows: the larger the proportion of the soil of the rock and soil mass excavated from the geological layer, the larger the value of the correction factor , conversely, the smaller the value of the correction factor ;

[0069] Design the number of deployed microwave vibration measurement devices through the above logical formula to ensure that this method can complete the displacement detection of the bridge bearing with sufficient microwave signals.

[0070] Set the operation cycle of the microwave vibration measurement device, deploy dynamic weighing devices at the entrance and exit sections of the bridge, and based on the dynamic weighing devices, sense whether there are vehicles on the bridge within the operation cycle of the microwave vibration measurement device. When there are no vehicles on the bridge, trigger the operation of the microwave vibration measurement device;

[0071] The operation cycle of the microwave vibration measurement device is user-defined;

[0072] It should be noted that when setting the operation cycle of the microwave vibration measurement device, an adaptive setting should be made based on the vehicle density in the specific implementation scenario of the technical solution in this embodiment to ensure that the condition of triggering the operation of the microwave vibration measurement device when there are no vehicles on the bridge can be met in the set cycle scenario;

[0073] The dynamic weighing devices deployed at the entrance and exit of the bridge operate in real time to store the dynamic weighing results and perform real-time interaction operations:

[0074] ;

[0075] In the formula: is the judgment value; is the set of weighing results of vehicles entering the bridge through the dynamic weighing device; is the set of weighing results of vehicles passing through the bridge through the dynamic weighing device; is the number of weighing results in the set of weighing results outside the intersection of the two sets;

[0076] Among them, when the judgment value takes the value of 0, trigger the operation of the microwave vibration measurement device;

[0077] Through the above logical formula judgment, ensure that the microwave vibration measurement device can be triggered to operate in a safe and effective environment.

[0078] The microwave vibration measurement device emits microwave signals to the bridge bearings during operation, synchronously receives the reflected signals from the bridge bearings, and further converts the reflected information into electrical signals, and picks up amplitude information, frequency information, phase information, and waveform information from the electrical signals;

[0079] Analyze the displacement of the bridge bearings according to the phase information and waveform information, and correct the analysis results of the bearing displacement according to the amplitude information and frequency information;

[0080] Obtain the correction results, perform displacement risk analysis on each bridge bearing based on the correction results, and further evaluate the bridge stability in combination with the displacement risk analysis results of each bridge bearing;

[0081] The analysis logic of the bridge bearing displacement is expressed as:

[0082] ;

[0083] In the formula: is the displacement of the bridge bearing; is the number of microwave vibration measurement devices corresponding to the bridge bearing; is the displacement reflected by the v-th microwave vibration measurement device; is the configuration weight of the v-th microwave vibration measurement device; is the phase difference; is the microwave wavelength;

[0084] Among them, , the weights are all positive numbers, and they follow the rule that the closer the microwave vibration measurement device is to the bridge bearing, the larger the weight value, and vice versa, the smaller the weight value. Based on the above formula, the displacement of each bridge bearing is obtained and denoted as , then each calculation and analysis result of the bridge bearing displacement takes as an example and is denoted as, , Similarly;

[0085] The further correction logic of the bridge bearing displacement analysis result is expressed as:

[0086] ;

[0087] In the formula: is the corrected bridge bearing displacement; is the total number of frequency components; , are the amplitude and frequency of the p-th frequency component; is the time variable starting from the operating time of the microwave vibration measurement device;

[0088] Among them, based on the above formula, the bridge bearing displacements calculated each time are corrected, then is denoted as , is denoted as ;

[0089] The bridge bearing displacement risk analysis logic is expressed as:

[0090] Taking the of bridge bearing a as an example;

[0091] ;

[0092] In the formula: is the displacement risk of bridge bearing a; is the number of displacement analyses of bridge bearing a; , are the displacement values obtained from the r-th and (r + 1)-th analyses of bridge bearing a; is the operation of taking the minimum value within the brackets;

[0093] Among them, and both originate from . The larger the displacement risk value of the bridge bearing a, the higher the risk; conversely, the lower the risk.

[0094] Through the above logical formula, the analysis results of the bridge bearing displacement are further corrected, so as to improve the accuracy of the amplified displacement detection results in the above embodiments.

[0095] The bridge stability evaluation logic is expressed as:

[0096] ;

[0097] In the formula: is the bridge stability performance value; is the displacement risk of the bridge bearing a; is the stability influence ratio of the bridge bearing a;

[0098] Among them, the sum value of is 1, and each item in is a positive number, and the values of each item in follow the setting logic that the closer the product object bridge bearing is to the midpoint of the bridge, the larger the value; conversely, the smaller the value. The smaller the bridge stability performance value , the more stable the bridge; conversely, the more unstable the bridge.

[0099] Through the above logical formula, combined with the displacement detection results of each bridge bearing, the bridge stability is evaluated, so as to further realize bridge safety management based on the method in Embodiment 1.

[0100] In this embodiment, through the execution of the method in the above embodiment, the existing microwave vibration measurement technology is assisted to perform displacement tests on the bridge bearings, effectively improving the accuracy of the test scenario, so as to ensure that the detection results are more referenceable and reliable when the microwave vibration measurement technology is applied to bridge bearing displacement tests.

[0101] See Figure 2 shown. This figure further exemplarily shows the structure of the bridge bearing;

[0102] See Figure 3 shown. This figure further shows the limitation and source of the ranging area 4 through the local structure display of the bridge bearing;

[0103] See Figure 4 shown. This figure shows by intercepting Figure 2The local structure is shown as an example for the microwave vibration measurement device 5, and the inclination angle 6 is marked, further showing the deployment attitude of the microwave vibration measurement device 5;

[0104] See Figure 5 、 Figure 6 As shown, it further shows the deployment position of the microwave vibration measurement device 5 when the method in this embodiment is applied to an actual scenario, which is determined based on the above method;

[0105] See Figure 5 As shown, the marked distance between nodes in the figure can be used as the point position when the microwave vibration measurement device performs the ranging operation. In this attached figure scenario, through reasonable spacing settings, the point positions for the microwave vibration measurement device to perform the ranging operation are set reasonably and effectively;

[0106] It should be noted that when determining the deployment position of the microwave vibration measurement device and the point positions for performing the ranging operation selected in the ranging area, it should be determined through on-site negotiation by technicians to ensure the rationality of the device deployment position and the feasibility of the ranging operation during the implementation stage of this technical solution.

[0107] Embodiment 2:

[0108] At the specific implementation level, based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further specifically describes a method for testing the displacement of bridge bearings based on microwave vibration measurement in Embodiment 1 with reference to Figure 1 :

[0109] The ranging device is a laser rangefinder. During the stage when the ranging device operates to collect the dimensional information of each structure of the bridge bearing, its own position information is obtained synchronously. When constructing the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing, the attitude characteristics of the bridge bearing are retained synchronously. The attitude characteristics of the bridge bearing include: the inclination direction and the inclination angle;

[0110] The nearest and largest planar component on the bridge bearing is the component that is the nearest to the installation ground surface of the bridge bearing, has a planar bottom surface and is the largest. When measuring the distance from the installation ground surface of the bridge bearing to the nearest and largest planar component on the bridge bearing, the ranging area on the ground surface is defined based on the contour of the nearest and largest planar component from its top-down view. Select no less than three point positions in the ranging area to perform the ranging operation, and create a reference plane based on the ranging results;

[0111] Among them, the reference plane and the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing are constructed and created in the same three-dimensional space. After both the reference plane and the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing are completed in construction and creation, the reference plane and the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing are moved until the bottom surface of the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is tangent to the reference plane to complete the operation of placing the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing on the reference plane;

[0112] The points for performing the ranging operation selected in the ranging area are customized by the user terminal. During the stage of performing the ranging operation in the ranging area, the position information of the point where the laser beam emitted by the ranging device falls on the surface of the nearest and largest planar component on the bridge bearing is obtained, and the ranging result is accumulated based on the position information to obtain the position coordinates of the ranging device on the land surface when performing the ranging operation. Based on the position coordinates, a closed graph is connected adjacent to each other in the three-dimensional space, and the plane where the graph is located is denoted as the reference plane;

[0113] Among them, after the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is placed behind the reference plane, the ratio between the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing and the bridge bearing is calculated by applying any real coordinates on the bridge bearing and the corresponding coordinates on the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing. Based on the calculation result of the ratio, the scale of the three-dimensional space where the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is located is adjusted so that the size of the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing in the three-dimensional space is exactly the same as the size of the bridge bearing;

[0114] In the stage of selecting the deployment position of the microwave vibration measurement device, the deployment position of the microwave vibration measurement device is selected in the ranging area of the three-dimensional space where the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing and the reference plane are located after the ratio adjustment is completed;

[0115] The deployment directions of the microwave vibration measurement devices are all: making the microwave emission direction of the microwave vibration measurement device parallel to the vibration direction of the bridge bearing;

[0116] Among them, the vibration direction of the bridge bearing is the direction defined by the vertical central axis of the bridge bearing. When the microwave vibration measurement device is deployed, the included angle formed by the reference plane and the vertical central axis of the bridge bearing in the perspective of a straight line on the reference plane is used as a reference. In the stage of deploying the microwave vibration measurement device, the microwave vibration measurement device is placed on the land surface and further buried obliquely so that the sum of the inclination angle when the microwave vibration measurement device is buried and the included angle is 180 degrees.

[0117] In this embodiment, through the above settings, further execution logic and data support are provided for the execution of the method in Embodiment 1 above, and the logic for adjusting the placement posture of the microwave vibration measurement device is defined, ensuring the stable operation of the microwave vibration measurement device and collecting and obtaining microwave signals.

[0118] To sum up, during the execution of the method in the above embodiment, by constructing the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing and the reference plane, the deployment position, posture and quantity of the microwave vibration measurement device are adaptively designed. At the same time, through the state monitoring of the vehicles driving on the bridge, the best microwave signal acquisition time is selected to collect microwave signals, enabling the microwave vibration measurement device to comprehensively and accurately collect microwave signal information. Then, based on the collected information, displacement detection of the bridge bearing is carried out, and further, according to the displacement detection result of the bridge bearing, safety assessment of the bridge bearing and the bridge supported by each bridge bearing is carried out, effectively improving the use safety of the bridge and ensuring that the bridge is in a healthy state to serve the traffic scenario.

[0119] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge support displacement test method based on microwave vibration measurement, characterized in that: include: The distance measuring device is used to collect the structural dimension information of the bridge bearing in the bridge bearing installation scene, and the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is constructed according to the collected structural dimension information of the bridge bearing. The distance from the bridge bearing installation land surface to the nearest largest plane component on the bridge bearing is measured based on the distance measuring device, and a reference surface is created according to the measurement results, and the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is placed on the reference surface; According to the result of placing the three-dimensional model of the bridge support on the reference surface, select the deployment position and direction of the microwave vibration measurement equipment; Set the operation cycle of the microwave vibration measuring equipment, deploy dynamic weighing equipment at the entrance and exit of the bridge, and use the dynamic weighing equipment to sense whether there are vehicles on the bridge during the operation cycle of the microwave vibration measuring equipment. If there are no vehicles on the bridge, the microwave vibration measuring equipment will be triggered to operate. The microwave vibration measuring equipment transmits microwave signals to the bridge bearings, simultaneously receives the reflected signals from the bridge bearings, further converts the reflected information into electrical signals, and picks up the amplitude information, frequency information, phase information and waveform information from the electrical signals; Analyze the bridge support displacement according to the phase information and waveform information, and correct the support displacement analysis results according to the amplitude information and frequency information; The correction results are obtained, and displacement risk analysis is performed on each bridge bearing based on the correction results. The bridge stability is further evaluated in combination with the displacement risk analysis results of each bridge bearing.

2. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance measuring device is a laser distance meter. The distance measuring device collects the information of each structural dimension of the bridge bearing and simultaneously obtains its own position information. The three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing simultaneously retains the posture characteristics of the bridge bearing when constructing. The posture characteristics of the bridge bearing include: tilt direction and tilt angle; The closest largest plane component on the bridge bearing is the component on the bridge bearing that is closest to the land surface on which the bridge bearing is installed and has a flat bottom surface and is the largest. When measuring the distance from the land surface on which the bridge bearing is installed to the closest largest plane component on the bridge bearing, a distance measurement area on the land surface is defined based on the outline of the closest largest plane component in a bird's-eye view, and no less than three points are selected in the distance measurement area to perform a distance measurement operation, and a reference surface is created based on the distance measurement results; Among them, the reference surface and the bridge support three-dimensional model are constructed and created in the same three-dimensional space. The reference surface and the bridge support three-dimensional model are both constructed and created. The reference surface and the bridge support three-dimensional model are moved and translated until the bottom surface of the bridge support three-dimensional model is tangent to the reference surface to complete the operation of placing the bridge support three-dimensional model on the reference surface.

3. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The point selected in the ranging area for performing the ranging operation is customized by the user end. In the ranging operation stage in the ranging area, the position information of the point where the laser beam emitted by the ranging device falls on the surface of the nearest largest plane component on the bridge support is obtained, and the ranging results are accumulated based on the position information to obtain the position coordinates of the ranging device itself on the land surface when performing the ranging operation. Based on the position coordinates, adjacent and mutually connected in three-dimensional space are obtained to obtain a closed figure, and the surface where the figure is located is recorded as the reference surface; Among them, after the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is placed on the reference surface, the ratio of the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing and the bridge bearing is calculated by using any real coordinates on the bridge bearing and the corresponding coordinates on the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing. Based on the ratio calculation result, the scale of the three-dimensional space where the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing is located is adjusted so that the size of the three-dimensional model of the bridge bearing in the three-dimensional space is exactly the same as the size of the bridge bearing.

4. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In the stage of selecting the deployment position of the microwave vibration measuring device, the deployment position of the microwave vibration measuring device is selected in the distance measuring area of ​​the three-dimensional space where the three-dimensional model of the bridge support after the scale adjustment is completed and the reference surface is located; The deployment direction of the microwave vibration measuring equipment is: the microwave emission direction of the microwave vibration measuring equipment is parallel to the vibration direction of the bridge support; Among them, the vibration direction of the bridge bearing is the direction defined by the vertical central axis of the bridge bearing. When the microwave vibration measuring equipment is deployed, the angle formed by the reference plane and the vertical central axis of the bridge bearing when the reference plane is in a straight line is used as a reference. During the deployment of the microwave vibration measuring equipment, the microwave vibration measuring equipment is placed on the land surface, and the microwave vibration measuring equipment is further tilted to be buried so that the sum of the tilt angle and the included angle when the microwave vibration measuring equipment is buried is 180 degrees.

5. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deployment location of the microwave vibration measuring device is customized by the user end, and the deployment quantity of the microwave vibration measuring device is subject to: ； Where: Deployment quantity of microwave vibration measurement equipment; is the area of ​​the ranging region; is the bottom surface area of ​​the bridge bearing in the measuring area; The service life of the bridge bearings; Design service life for bridge bearings; is the softness coefficient of the geological layer of the bridge bearing foundation; The total amount of bridge bearings applied for the bridge installation; Among them, the number of microwave vibration measurement equipment deployed When calculating, round up to the nearest integer, the softness coefficient of the geological layer of the bridge support foundation The calculation is performed by the following formula: ； Where: It is the volume of rock and soil in loose state after excavation of geological layer; excavating volumes for geological layers; is the correction factor, 0.9≤ ≤1.1, and subject to: The larger the proportion of soil in the excavated rock mass in the geological layer, the larger the correction factor The larger the value, the smaller the correction factor. The smaller the value.

6. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The operation cycle of the microwave vibration measuring device is customized by the user end; The dynamic weighing equipment deployed at the entrance and exit of the bridge runs in real time to store the dynamic weighing results and perform interactive operations in real time: ； Where: is the judgment value; The vehicles entering the bridge are weighed by dynamic weighing equipment; A collection of weighing results of vehicles passing through a dynamic weighing device to output the bridge; is the number of weighing results in the weighing result set other than the intersection of the two sets; Among them, the judgment value When the value is 0, the microwave vibration measurement equipment is triggered to run.

7. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The analysis logic of the bridge support displacement is expressed as: ； Where: For bridge support displacement; The number of microwave vibration measuring equipment corresponding to the bridge bearings; is the displacement of the vth microwave vibration measuring device; is the configuration weight of the vth microwave vibration measurement device; is the phase difference; is the microwave wavelength; in, , the weights are all positive numbers, and the closer the distance between the microwave vibration measuring equipment and the bridge support, the larger the weight value, and vice versa. Based on the above formula, the displacement of each bridge support is obtained and recorded as , then each calculation and analysis result of the bridge support displacement is For example, let's write , Same reason.

8. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The further correction logic of the bridge support displacement analysis result is expressed as: ； Where: is the corrected bridge support displacement; is the total number of frequency components; , is the amplitude and frequency of the pth frequency component; is the time variable calculated from the moment the microwave vibration measuring equipment is put into operation; Among them, based on the above formula, the bridge support displacement calculated each time is corrected, then Recorded as , Recorded as .

9. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The bridge support displacement risk analysis logic is expressed as: The bridge bearing a For example; ； Where: is the displacement risk of bridge bearing a; is the number of displacement analysis of bridge bearing a; , is the displacement value obtained from the r-th and r+1-th analysis of bridge bearing a; This is the operation to take the minimum value between brackets; in, , All come from , the displacement risk of bridge bearing a The larger the value, the higher the risk, and vice versa.

10. The bridge support displacement testing method based on microwave vibration measurement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bridge stability evaluation logic is expressed as: ； Where: is the bridge stability performance value; is the displacement risk of bridge bearing a; is the stability influence ratio of bridge bearing a; in, The sum of is 1, and Every term in is a positive number, and The values ​​of each item in the equation follow the setting logic that the closer the bridge bearing of the product object is to the midpoint of the bridge, the larger the value, and vice versa, the smaller the value, the bridge stability performance value The smaller it is, the more stable the bridge is, and vice versa.

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