An adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system

Abstract

This invention relates to an adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system, comprising a waveguide, a lossy bypass pipe, an obstacle, and a lossless bypass pipe. The obstacle is rotatably positioned at the center of the waveguide. The lossy and lossless bypass pipes are symmetrically installed at the left and right ends of the waveguide, with two of each type. The two lossy bypass pipes are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the waveguide, and the two lossless bypass pipes are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the waveguide. Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the ability to control singularities, greater adaptability and practicality, and advantages such as simple structure and adjustability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of acoustic wave manipulation technology, and in particular to a controllable unidirectional non-reflective system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, research on non-Hermitian systems has revealed many novel physical phenomena, especially singularities—special points of merging where eigenvalues ​​and their corresponding eigenvectors simultaneously converge. Originally derived from quantum mechanics, the concept of singularities has been extended to classical wave physics and, in the field of acoustics, has enabled phenomena such as one-way transparency and acoustic invisibility through parity-time symmetry achieved by balancing gain and loss. However, due to limitations such as material loss and dispersion, the frequency of singularities is usually fixed. Recently, researchers have achieved flexible manipulation of singularities by introducing active acoustic gain media or altering the structural geometry.

[0003] Nevertheless, current research still faces many challenges: parity-time symmetric systems rely on complex feedback mechanisms and active control devices, while passive systems require specially designed structures. These limitations severely hinder the development of singularities in more complex applications, such as acoustic orientation sensing and logic gates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, where most traditional non-Hermitian systems are designed with fixed structures and lack the ability to be adjusted, which becomes a limitation in practical applications and cannot meet many practical application requirements, and to provide an adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] An adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system includes a waveguide, a lossy side branch, an obstacle, and a lossless side branch.

[0007] The obstacle is rotatably positioned at the center of the waveguide.

[0008] The lossy and lossless side branches are symmetrically installed at the left and right ends of the waveguide. There are two lossy and two lossless side branches. The two lossy side branches are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the waveguide, and the two lossless side branches are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the waveguide.

[0009] Preferably, the waveguide includes a first horizontal side, a first vertical side, a second horizontal side, and a second vertical side connected end to end, wherein the first horizontal side and the second horizontal side are distributed in parallel, and the first vertical side and the second vertical side are distributed in parallel.

[0010] Preferably, the lossy side branch includes a third horizontal side, a third vertical side, a fourth horizontal side, and a fourth vertical side connected end to end. The third horizontal side and the fourth horizontal side are distributed in parallel, and the third vertical side and the fourth vertical side are distributed in parallel. The shape of the third horizontal side matches the shape of the horizontal side of the waveguide.

[0011] Preferably, the lossless side branch includes a fifth horizontal side, a fifth vertical side, a sixth horizontal side, and a sixth vertical side connected end to end. The fifth horizontal side and the sixth horizontal side are distributed in parallel, and the fifth vertical side and the sixth vertical side are distributed in parallel. The shape of the fifth horizontal side matches that of the horizontal side of the waveguide.

[0012] Preferably, the obstacle includes a seventh horizontal side, a seventh vertical side, an eighth horizontal side, and an eighth vertical side connected end to end. The seventh horizontal side and the eighth horizontal side are parallel to each other, and the seventh vertical side and the eighth vertical side are parallel to each other. The rotation angle of the obstacle is adjustable.

[0013] Preferably, the angle between the eighth vertical side of the obstacle and the first horizontal side of the waveguide is in the range of 0-90 degrees.

[0014] Preferably, the waveguide, the lossy side branch, and the lossless side branch are all made of plexiglass.

[0015] Preferably, the obstacle is made of epoxy resin.

[0016] Preferably, the waveguide, lossy side branch, obstacle, and lossless side branch are all integrally formed by 3D printing or wire cutting.

[0017] Preferably, the reflection coefficient of the end of the waveguide near the lossy side branch is close to 0.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] (1) This scheme achieves flexible control of the system's singularity by adding a rotatable component to the waveguide structure to adjust the system's gradient exponent. This design links the adjustment of the system's singularity to a simple structural parameter, namely the rotation angle of the obstacle, greatly simplifying the operation process. Compared with traditional complex multi-parameter adjustment methods, this single-parameter control method is not only more intuitive but also has higher stability and repeatability, making the system easier to dynamically adjust and adapt to diverse application needs.

[0020] (2) Unlike traditional parity-time symmetric systems that rely on active gain and complex feedback mechanisms, this system adopts a purely passive design, requiring no active control devices. This design avoids dependence on high-precision electronic components, reduces implementation difficulty and cost, and improves system reliability. The passive design also makes the system more suitable for application in resource-constrained or complex environments, providing a more practical solution for the research and practical engineering applications of non-Hermitian wave phenomena. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 A top view of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A diagram showing the left reflection coefficient of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 The left reflection phase diagram of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 The sound pressure amplitude diagram at a certain frequency of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 The sound pressure amplitude diagram at a certain frequency of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 The sound pressure amplitude diagram at another frequency of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 The reflection coefficient diagram of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention at a certain rotation angle is shown in the simulation and experiment.

[0029] Figure 9 The simulation and experimental reflection phase diagrams of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention at a certain rotation angle;

[0030] Figure 10 The reflection coefficient diagram of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention at a certain rotation angle is shown in the simulation and experiment.

[0031] Figure 11 The simulation and experimental reflection phase diagrams of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention at a certain rotation angle;

[0032] Figure 12The reflection coefficient diagram of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention at another rotation angle is shown in the simulation and experiment.

[0033] Figure 13 The simulation and experimental reflection phase diagrams of the adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system provided by the present invention at another rotation angle;

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Waveguide, 2. Lossy side branch, 3. Obstacle, 4. Lossless side branch, 11. First horizontal side, 12. First vertical side, 13. Second horizontal side, 14. Second vertical side, 21. Third horizontal side, 22. Third vertical side, 23. Fourth horizontal side, 24. Fourth vertical side, 31. Seventh horizontal side, 32. Seventh vertical side, 33. Eighth horizontal side, 34. Eighth vertical side, 41. Fifth horizontal side, 42. Fifth vertical side, 43. Sixth horizontal side, 44. Sixth vertical side. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0036] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0037] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed during use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0040] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system, including a waveguide 1, a lossy side branch 2, an obstacle 3, and a lossless side branch 4.

[0043] Obstacle 3 is rotatably positioned at the center of waveguide 1;

[0044] Lossy side branch 2 and lossless side branch 4 are symmetrically installed at the left and right ends of waveguide 1. There are two of each type of side branch 2 and lossless side branch 4. The two lossy side branch 2 are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of waveguide 1, and the two lossless side branch 4 are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of waveguide 1.

[0045] Specifically, the waveguide 1 includes a first horizontal side 11, a first vertical side 12, a second horizontal side 13, and a second vertical side 14 connected end to end. The first horizontal side 11 and the second horizontal side 13 are distributed in parallel, and the first vertical side 12 and the second vertical side 14 are distributed in parallel.

[0046] Furthermore, the lossy side branch 2 includes a third horizontal side 21, a third vertical side 22, a fourth horizontal side 23, and a fourth vertical side 24 connected end to end. The third horizontal side 21 and the fourth horizontal side 23 are distributed in parallel, and the third vertical side 22 and the fourth vertical side 24 are distributed in parallel. The shape of the third horizontal side 21 matches the shape of the horizontal side of the waveguide 1.

[0047] Furthermore, the lossless side branch 4 includes a fifth horizontal side 41, a fifth vertical side 42, a sixth horizontal side 43, and a sixth vertical side 44 connected end to end. The fifth horizontal side 41 and the sixth horizontal side 43 are distributed in parallel, and the fifth vertical side 42 and the sixth vertical side 44 are distributed in parallel. The shape of the fifth horizontal side 41 matches the shape of the horizontal side of the waveguide 1.

[0048] The obstacle 3 includes a seventh horizontal side 31, a seventh vertical side 32, an eighth horizontal side 33, and an eighth vertical side 34 connected end to end. The seventh horizontal side 31 and the eighth horizontal side 33 are parallel to each other, and the seventh vertical side 32 and the eighth vertical side 34 are parallel to each other. The rotation angle of the obstacle 3 is adjustable.

[0049] Specifically, the angle between the eighth vertical side 34 of the obstacle 3 and the first horizontal side 11 of the waveguide 1 ranges from 0 to 90 degrees.

[0050] This system achieves flexible control of singularities by incorporating a rotatable component into the waveguide 1 structure to adjust the gradient exponent. This design links singularity adjustment to a simple structural parameter, greatly simplifying the operation. Compared to traditional, complex multi-parameter adjustment methods, this single-parameter control approach is not only more intuitive but also offers higher stability and repeatability, making the system easier to dynamically adjust and adapt to diverse application requirements.

[0051] The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system consists of a waveguide, a lossy side branch, an obstacle, and a lossless side branch. The waveguide has a height of h1 and a width of w. i The height of the lossy side branch is h2, the width is w, and the length of the obstacle is l. o Width is w o The rotation angle is θ, which is the angle between the eighth vertical side 34 of obstacle 3 and the first horizontal side 11 of waveguide 1. The height of the lossless side branch is h3, the width is w, and the distance between the lossy side branch and the lossless side branch is d. i h2, w, l o w o h3 and d can be freely designed and adjusted according to actual conditions to meet the sound wave control needs of different frequency bands.

[0052] This embodiment obtains suitable frequencies and geometric parameters by theoretically calculating the overall left and right reflection matrices of the system. Based on the calculated structural parameters h1 = 5cm, w i =79.5cm,h2=8.75cm,w=2.5cm,l o =2.5cm,w o =0.5cm, h3=7.5cm, and d=62.5cm, with the rotation angle θ ranging from 0° to 90°.

[0053] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the system can control the singularity by adjusting the rotation angle θ of obstacle 3. When the rotation angle changes from 0° to 90°, a reflection coefficient close to zero can be obtained at different frequencies. In addition, the reflected phase of the incident light from the left side exhibits a sharp transition from -π to π.

[0054] Furthermore, such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown, when the rotation angles θ are 0°, 45° and 90°, the frequencies are 1050.3Hz, 1042.3Hz and 1034.1Hz, respectively. For the incident sound wave on the left, the almost uniform sound pressure amplitude distribution in the left region indicates that the sound wave propagates without reflection. However, for the incident sound wave on the right, the obvious standing wave sound pressure amplitude distribution on the right indicates that the sound wave has significant reflection.

[0055] Specifically, waveguide 1, lossy bypass 2, and lossless bypass 4 are all made of acrylic glass. Obstacle 3 is made of epoxy resin. Waveguide 1, lossy bypass 2, obstacle 3, and lossless bypass 4 are all integrally formed using 3D printing or wire cutting. Utilizing the ease of processing of waveguide 1, lossy bypass 2, obstacle 3, and lossless bypass 4, they are integrally formed, improving manufacturing efficiency and dimensional accuracy.

[0056] Due to the adjustable design of the unidirectional non-reflective system, it is expected to achieve singularities of different frequencies at different rotation angles. This invention calculates and measures the reflection coefficient and reflection phase at different rotation angles θ. Figures 8 to 13 As shown, when the rotation angles θ are 0°, 45°, and 90°, the system can achieve unidirectional no reflection on the left side and significant reflection on the right side at a specific frequency. Furthermore, the reflection phase on the left side exhibits a drastic change from -π to π, while the reflection phase of the incident light on the right side remains almost unchanged. Therefore, the tunable unidirectional no-reflection system proposed in this invention can control the singularity at different rotation angles without requiring additional electrical energy input.

[0057] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system, characterized in that, It includes waveguide (1), lossy side branch (2), obstacle (3) and lossless side branch (4); The obstacle (3) is rotatably positioned at the center of the waveguide (1); The lossy side branch (2) and the lossless side branch (4) are symmetrically installed at the left and right ends of the waveguide (1). There are two lossy side branch (2) and two lossless side branch (4). The two lossy side branch (2) are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the waveguide (1), and the two lossless side branch (4) are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the waveguide (1). The obstacle (3) includes a seventh horizontal side (31), a seventh vertical side (32), an eighth horizontal side (33), and an eighth vertical side (34) connected from end to end. The seventh horizontal side (31) and the eighth horizontal side (33) are parallel to each other, and the seventh vertical side (32) and the eighth vertical side (34) are parallel to each other. The rotation angle of the obstacle (3) is adjustable.

2. The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide (1) includes a first horizontal side (11), a first vertical side (12), a second horizontal side (13), and a second vertical side (14) connected from end to end. The first horizontal side (11) and the second horizontal side (13) are parallel to each other, and the first vertical side (12) and the second vertical side (14) are parallel to each other.

3. The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lossy side branch (2) includes a third horizontal side (21), a third vertical side (22), a fourth horizontal side (23), and a fourth vertical side (24) connected end to end. The third horizontal side (21) and the fourth horizontal side (23) are distributed in parallel, and the third vertical side (22) and the fourth vertical side (24) are distributed in parallel. The third horizontal side (21) matches the shape of the horizontal side of the waveguide (1).

4. The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lossless side branch (4) includes a fifth horizontal side (41), a fifth vertical side (42), a sixth horizontal side (43), and a sixth vertical side (44) connected end to end. The fifth horizontal side (41) and the sixth horizontal side (43) are distributed in parallel, and the fifth vertical side (42) and the sixth vertical side (44) are distributed in parallel. The fifth horizontal side (41) matches the shape of the horizontal side of the waveguide (1).

5. The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the eighth vertical side (34) of the obstacle (3) and the first horizontal side (11) of the waveguide (1) is in the range of 0-90 degrees.

6. The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide (1), the lossy side branch (2), and the lossless side branch (4) are all made of plexiglass.

7. The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The obstacle (3) is made of epoxy resin.

8. The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide (1), lossy side branch (2), obstacle (3) and lossless side branch (4) are all integrally formed by 3D printing or wire cutting.

9. The adjustable unidirectional non-reflective system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflection coefficient of the waveguide (1) near the end of the lossy side branch (2) is close to 0.

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