Multi-direction self-adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device and experimental method
By designing a multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy capture device, the problem that traditional piezoelectric energy capture devices is difficult to effectively collect multi-directional vibration energy is solved, and a more efficient and reliable energy acquisition effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510128436.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
AI Technical Summary
Traditional piezoelectric energy capture devices can only capture vibration energy in a single direction, and it is difficult to effectively collect multi-directional vibration energy in complex and changeable practical applications, resulting in low energy collection efficiency.
A multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy trap experimental device is designed. Through components such as vibrator, mount, angle adjuster, mounting frame, piezoelectric energy trap, etc., the stable and precise clamping of multi-directional vibration energy is achieved, reducing the obstacles to energy transmission, and through the worm gear and worm gear adjustment mechanism and the shaker adjustment mechanism, the piezoelectric energy trap can stably receive multi-directional vibration energy.
It improves the energy acquisition efficiency and reliability of multi-directional piezoelectric energy capture devices in practical application scenarios, reduces the risk of equipment failure caused by external interference, and ensures that the system operates continuously and efficiently under complex operating conditions.
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Figure CN119995399A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of special mechanical fixture design and vibration energy recovery, and relates to a multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device and an experimental method. Background Art
[0002] Piezoelectric energy harvesters are devices that convert external mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy based on the positive piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials. They have efficient and sustainable energy recovery characteristics and play an important role in green energy, wireless sensor networks and vibration monitoring systems. In actual application scenarios, vibration energy often comes from multiple directions. For example, in bridge structure health monitoring, the bridge will be subject to vertical vibration caused by vehicle driving, and will also produce horizontal vibration due to wind force; in industrial equipment, the vibration of rotating machinery may contain axial, radial and tangential components in multiple directions. However, traditional piezoelectric energy harvesters can usually only capture vibration energy in a single direction. Their structural design and working principle limit the effective capture of multi-directional vibration energy, resulting in low energy collection efficiency and difficulty in meeting the sensor node's demand for electrical energy in complex and changeable practical applications.
[0003] In order to improve the ability of piezoelectric energy harvesters to capture multi-directional vibration energy, researchers have tried to design multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvesters. However, there are still some challenges in the design and implementation of existing multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvesters. For example, although the designs of some multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvesters can capture vibration energy in multiple directions, they have complex structures, high manufacturing costs, and are difficult to work stably in practical applications. In addition, a key issue in the practical application of multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvesters is how to install them stably, reliably and accurately on the vibration source, and ensure that the piezoelectric energy harvester effectively senses vibration excitation from the corresponding direction. The existing research on multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvesters is limited to the structural design and performance analysis of piezoelectric energy harvesters, and it is difficult to clearly describe the connection between the multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvester and the experimental vibration source.
[0004] In view of the limitations of existing research, this paper proposes an experimental device and experimental method for a multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to ensure the stable installation of the multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvester while minimizing the obstacles to the multi-directional vibration energy transmission, improving the energy collection efficiency and reliability of the multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvester in actual application scenarios, so as to promote the widespread application of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology in the field of self-powered wireless sensor nodes.
[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the inventors have obtained the technical solution of the present invention through practice and summary. The present invention can achieve stable and precise clamping of multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvesters, avoiding energy loss and data deviation caused by unstable clamping during the operation of the energy harvester. On the one hand, it improves the efficiency and stability of energy harvesting of the energy harvester, and on the other hand, it reduces the risk of equipment failure caused by external interference. At the same time, it also improves the reliability and durability of the entire piezoelectric energy harvesting system, ensuring that it can continue to operate efficiently under complex working conditions, and providing strong technical support and guarantee for related energy harvesting fields. The following technical solutions are specifically adopted:
[0007] A multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device, comprising:
[0008] Vibrator,
[0009] A mounting base, the mounting base is connected to the vibration exciter;
[0010] An angle adjustment member connected to the mounting seat for adjusting the angle of the piezoelectric energy harvester;
[0011] The mounting frame includes a vertical plate mounted on an end of the angle adjustment member away from the vibration exciter;
[0012] The piezoelectric energy harvester includes a main beam and a cross plate, one end of the main beam is mounted on a vertical plate, and the other end is connected to a curved surface structure. A shear mode piezoelectric component is mounted on the main beam, the cross plate is mounted on the vertical plate, a mounting block is mounted on the cross plate, and the mounting block is connected to a pendulum ball in the curved surface structure via a connecting rope. The shear mode piezoelectric component is firmly attached to the main beam by an adhesive to ensure that electrical energy can be effectively output when the main beam is deformed. The main beam is reliably connected to the curved surface structure by bolts, nuts or adhesives to ensure the integrity and stability of the structure during vibration.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the angle adjustment member includes a top plate and a bottom plate symmetrically mounted on a mounting seat, the top plate and the bottom plate are connected with an angle adjustment plate via a worm gear shaft, a worm gear structure is provided on the side of the angle adjustment plate away from the piezoelectric energy harvester, a worm is meshed with a worm on the side of the worm gear structure facing away from the piezoelectric energy harvester, and C-shaped plates one and two symmetrically distributed front and back are rotatably mounted at both ends of the worm, the C-shaped plates one and two are located between the top plate and the bottom plate and fixedly connected to the two, and a rotating crank is connected to one end of the worm.
[0014] Preferably, the horizontal plate is provided with an adjustment groove 1, the mounting block is slidably fitted in the adjustment groove 1, a stop bolt is installed on the mounting block, the stop bolt is used to lock the mounting block at a certain position in the adjustment groove 1, a hook bolt is installed on the mounting block, one end of the connecting rope is connected to the hook bolt, and the other end is connected to the swing ball.
[0015] The pendulum length of the hooked pendulum ball is adjusted by adjusting the rope length, and the position of the pendulum ball in the curved surface structural member is adjusted by rotating the hooked bolt, moving the cross plate and the mounting block position.
[0016] In a preferred solution, one end of the main beam is a clamping end connected to a clamp body, and the other end is a mounting end for connecting a curved structural member, and the clamp body is connected to a vertical plate.
[0017] Preferably, the vertical plate is provided with adjustment slot 2 and adjustment slot 3, adjustment slot 2 is installed with adjustment bolt 2, adjustment bolt 2 is used to connect one end of the horizontal plate and the vertical plate, adjustment slot 3 is installed with adjustment bolt 3, adjustment bolt 3 is used to connect the clamp body and the vertical plate.
[0018] In a preferred solution, the main beam comprises a sandwich beam, a filling groove is provided on the sandwich beam, the filling groove is evenly and densely filled with a low shear modulus body, and a surface upper beam and a surface lower beam are respectively installed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sandwich beam.
[0019] During the energy capture period, since the main beam needs to have a certain torsional stiffness but also needs to take into account the energy capture efficiency, the torsional stiffness cannot be too large, which is not conducive to torsional deformation, thereby making the energy capture efficiency low; the torsional stiffness cannot be too small, which will lead to poor structural strength and durability, resulting in energy capture failure. Therefore, the inventors solve the contradiction between torsional stiffness and energy capture efficiency by designing the main beam structure in a targeted manner, and the following effects are obtained:
[0020] 1) Accurately perform slotting operations on the beam. The location and size of the slots can be determined through theoretical analysis, numerical calculation or experiments to ensure that the main beam has sufficient structural strength and long service life while meeting functional requirements.
[0021] 2) Fill the opened grooves with materials with lower shear modulus (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene or soft magnetic alloys, etc.). The goals of this material selection strategy are: first, to optimize and simplify the preparation process of the overall structure, and second, to significantly enhance or improve the mechanical properties of the structure. For example, because materials with lower shear modulus are easy to shape and fill, the complexity and cost of the preparation process can be significantly reduced. This type of material is not only easy to adapt to various groove designs, but also can effectively avoid preparation difficulties caused by material stress concentration, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the structure. In addition, under the action of shear stress, these materials can effectively slow down stress transfer and reduce stress concentration inside the structure, thereby significantly improving the fatigue durability of the structure under long-term use.
[0022] 3) A thin layer of metal is evenly covered on the upper and lower surfaces of the beam, so that the rectangular beam forms a structurally complete and stable main beam as a whole. Using this construction method, by adjusting the parameters such as the slot position, depth, width, spacing, and selecting appropriate filling materials based on factors such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, and density, the torsional stiffness of the main beam can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the energy capture efficiency of the main beam.
[0023] In a preferred embodiment, a path guide structure is provided inside the curved surface structure to guide the movement trajectory of the pendulum ball during the vibration of the main beam. The design of the guide path structure can optimize the movement path of the pendulum ball, making it easier to move to a position with higher energy output, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of low energy collection efficiency and limited performance improvement of traditional piezoelectric energy harvesters.
[0024] Preferably, a curved surface structure is provided on the side of the curved surface structure opposite to the pendulum ball, and the curved surface structure is used to convert the swing of the pendulum ball into rolling along the curved surface structure when the piezoelectric energy harvester is subjected to a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the main beam, or into rolling along the curved surface structure after swinging at a certain angle and hitting the curved surface structure.
[0025] One is to swing at a certain angle, hit the curved surface structure, and then roll along the curved surface structure, such as Figure 5 (a); or the curved surface structure converts the swing of the pendulum ball into the rolling of the pendulum ball, such as Figure 5 As shown in (b), at this time, the length d of the swing ball in its natural state is greater than the distance d1 from the lowest end of the bolt to the curved surface structure.
[0026] In a preferred solution, when the pendulum ball rolls along the curved surface structure, at least one curved surface is provided on the inner wall of the curved surface structure from bottom to top. When the exciting force increases, the path of the pendulum ball will be enlarged. In order to ensure that the pendulum ball rolls continuously and stably in the curved surface structure, the rolling path of the curved surface structure needs to be appropriately extended. However, this will increase the size of the curved surface structure. For some situations where space is limited, the increase in size will cause structural interference, so the complexity of the curved surface structure is increased. For example, multiple curved surfaces are used, and arc curved surfaces are used for transition between the multiple curved surfaces, and the radius of the curved surface is gradually reduced from bottom to top. This solves the problem of structural interference caused by limited space and the inability to ensure continuous and stable rolling of the pendulum ball.
[0027] An experimental method of a multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device, comprising:
[0028] Step 1: Structure assembly
[0029] Install the mounting base on the output end of the vibrator, and install the top plate and bottom plate on the mounting base;
[0030] Install bearings on both ends of the worm, install the bearings on C-shaped plate 1 and C-shaped plate 2 by interference fit, and install a crank handle on the end of the worm;
[0031] Install the bearing on the angle adjustment plate, place the angle adjustment plate between the C-shaped plate 1 and the C-shaped plate 2 and tightly mesh with the worm;
[0032] The worm gear shaft passes through the top plate and the bottom plate and is installed in the bearing, and the shaft sleeves are installed at both ends of the worm gear shaft and the worm gear shaft is fixed;
[0033] The vertical plate is installed on the angle adjustment plate, the horizontal plate and the clamp body are installed on the vertical plate, the end of the horizontal plate is connected to the vertical plate by passing through the adjustment slot 2 with the adjustment bolt 2, the clamp body is connected to the vertical plate by passing through the adjustment slot 3 with the adjustment bolt 3, and the clamp body is connected to the clamping end of the main beam;
[0034] Install the shear mode piezoelectric component and the curved surface structural component on the main beam, and connect the clamping end of the main beam to the clamping body;
[0035] Install a mounting block in the adjustment slot 1 of the horizontal plate, install a hook bolt on the mounting block, and connect the two ends of the connecting rope to the hook bolt and the swing ball respectively. Ensure the swing ball is in the curved structure by adjusting the height of the hook bolt or the horizontal plate relative to the vertical plate.
[0036] Step 2: Structural inspection and preliminary experiments
[0037] Check the connection tightness of each component and the docking method of the components to ensure that the components are firmly installed;
[0038] Conduct preliminary experiments on the piezoelectric energy harvester. Based on the experimental results, determine whether the piezoelectric energy harvester is working properly. If there is any abnormality, check whether the device is firm and ensure that there is no looseness or misalignment. Check whether the piezoelectric element in the shear mode of the piezoelectric energy harvester is broken or the electrode is detached. Adjust and optimize the device based on the inspection results to ensure that all components are firmly connected.
[0039] Step 3: Model experiment
[0040] Step 31: Power Generation Experiment
[0041] The exciter drives the mounting seat and the vertical plate to apply vibration excitation to the piezoelectric energy harvester in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the main beam. Under the traction of the connecting rope, the pendulum ball guides the structure to swing continuously and stably in the curved surface structure along the path, and the main beam is torsionally deformed, and the piezoelectric element in shear mode outputs electricity.
[0042] Step 32: Adjust the excitation direction
[0043] Shake the handle, the worm rotates to drive the angle adjustment plate to rotate the corresponding angle to adjust the excitation direction of the piezoelectric energy harvester, and the piezoelectric energy harvester is subjected to experimental power generation in each excitation direction;
[0044] During the test, it is necessary to carefully observe whether the worm wheel surface and worm gear have self-locking phenomenon under the vibration state, and analyze whether the output of the piezoelectric energy harvester is stable and meets the expected standards. If the turbine rotates during the vibration, it is necessary to analyze whether the turbine worm gear meets the self-locking conditions and whether the installation is firm. Under normal circumstances, the output of the piezoelectric energy harvester under different excitation directions is recorded in detail for subsequent analysis and optimization.
[0045] Step 33: Adjust the horizontal position of the swing ball
[0046] When the length of the main beam increases, first loosen the stop bolt to adjust the mounting block to the corresponding position, and tighten the brake bolt to ensure that the pendulum ball rolls in the curved structure or rolls along the curved structure after hitting the curved structure.
[0047] When the structural parameters of the piezoelectric energy harvester, such as the main beam and curved surface structure, change, the device needs to be readjusted so that it can continue to tightly and effectively clamp the piezoelectric energy harvester, ensuring that the energy harvester can maintain a stable working state and optimal energy conversion efficiency under different structural parameters. For example: when the length of the main beam increases, first loosen the stop bolt, and then tighten the stop bolt when the mounting block is moved to the appropriate position to ensure that the pendulum ball can roll or hit the curved surface structure. According to the designed pendulum length, first adjust the rope length. When the rope length meets the length requirement but does not meet the movement conditions of the hooked pendulum ball (hitting the curved surface structure or rolling on the curved surface structure during vibration), first adjust the hook bolt. If adjusting the hook bolt does not meet the requirements, then adjust the position of the horizontal plate 5 (first loosen the bolts and nuts used to connect the horizontal plate and the vertical plate 4, and then move the horizontal plate to the appropriate position, and tighten the bolts and nuts used to connect the horizontal plate and the vertical plate). In addition, the clamping configuration can be improved by moving the clamp body or replacing the vertical plate to ensure that the clamping effect meets specific needs.
[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0049] 1. By designing adjustable mounting blocks, cross plates and other components, it is possible to conveniently analyze the effects of pendulum length, main beam length and curved surface structure on the performance of the piezoelectric energy harvester. The structural components or their positions of the entire device can be flexibly adjusted and optimized according to the different configuration requirements of the piezoelectric energy harvester to meet diverse experimental requirements.
[0050] 2. The device designed in the present invention makes full use of the self-locking characteristics of the worm gear to achieve stable maintenance of the vibration excitation direction of the piezoelectric energy harvester, ensuring that the piezoelectric energy harvester can stably receive real vibration energy during the experiment, avoiding shaking or displacement of the piezoelectric energy harvester during the experiment, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data.
[0051] 3. The experimental device designed in the present invention utilizes a crank adjustment mechanism to adjust the vibration excitations in different directions to the piezoelectric energy harvester, effectively simulating the multi-directional complexity of the vibration environment, verifying the adaptive energy harvesting capability and high efficiency of the piezoelectric energy harvester under multi-dimensional vibration excitation, and laying a solid foundation for promoting the practical application and technological innovation of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology.
[0052] 4. When the piezoelectric energy harvester is subjected to vibration excitation perpendicular to the thickness direction of the main beam, the present invention utilizes the rolling of the pendulum ball in the curved structure or the rolling motion of the pendulum ball along the curved structure after hitting the curved structure to dynamically change the center of gravity position of the piezoelectric energy harvester or the impact force applied to the curved structure. The change of the center of gravity or the impact force can effectively force the main beam to undergo torsional deformation, and the shear mode piezoelectric element attached to the main beam fully utilizes the torsional deformation of the main beam to efficiently output electrical energy, thereby achieving the energy conversion efficiency and multi-directional energy harvesting design goals of the piezoelectric energy harvester.
[0053] 5. In actual application, the parameters of the piezoelectric energy harvester of the present invention can be further optimized and adjusted according to the specific characteristics of the vibration environment and the energy recovery requirements. For example, the mass and length of the pendulum ball, the size of the main beam and the material parameters can be changed. Through a series of experiments and analyses, the best parameter combination can be determined to achieve the most efficient vibration energy recovery effect and meet the energy requirements in different scenarios.
[0054] 6. When the length of the main beam increases, first loosen the stop bolt, then move the stop block to the appropriate position, and tighten the stop bolt to ensure that the pendulum ball can roll in the curved structure or hit the curved structure. According to the designed pendulum length, first adjust the rope length. When the rope length meets the length requirements but does not meet the conditions for the movement of the pendulum ball (hitting the curved structure or rolling on the curved structure during vibration), first adjust the hook bolt. If adjusting the hook bolt does not meet the requirements, then adjust the position of the cross plate (first loosen the bolts and nuts used to connect the cross plate and the vertical plate, and then move the cross plate to the appropriate position, and tighten the bolts and nuts used to connect the cross plate and the vertical plate). You can also improve the clamping configuration by moving the clamp body or replacing the vertical plate to ensure that the clamping effect meets specific needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0055] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device.
[0056] Figure 2 It is an exploded diagram of the positional relationship between the mounting base and the vibrator.
[0057] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation at the worm gear.
[0058] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation at the angle adjustment point.
[0059] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between a pendulum ball and a curved surface structure.
[0060] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a main beam.
[0061] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a curved structural part.
[0062] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection node between the clamp body and the main beam.
[0063] Fig. 9 The present invention is a position structure distribution diagram of a locking body and a moving block.
[0064] In the figure: 1-mounting seat; 2-top plate; 3-angle adjustment plate; 4-vertical plate; 5-horizontal plate; 6-mounting block; 7-stop bolt; 8-hook bolt; 9-connecting rope; 10-swing ball; 11-curved surface structure; 111-path guide structure; 12-main beam; 121-sandwich beam; 122-surface upper beam; 123-surface lower beam; 13-shear mode piezoelectric element; 14-clamp body; 141-body; 142-installation Groove; 143-conical column; 144-vertical short plate; 145-socket hole; 146-rotating plate one; 147-rotating plate two; 148-elastic pad; 149-locking body; 1491-operating block; 1492-locking block; 1493-elastic sheet; 1494-rotating shaft; 1411-moving block; 15-bottom plate; 16-C-shaped plate one; 18-worm; 20-C-shaped plate two; 22-crank handle; 23, worm gear shaft.
[0065] 17, 19, 24, 28-bearings; 21, 25, 29-sleeves; 27, 30-nuts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.
[0067] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0068] Example 1
[0069] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device comprises:
[0070] Vibrator,
[0071] Mounting base 1, the mounting base 1 is connected to the vibration exciter;
[0072] An angle adjustment member, which is connected to the mounting seat 1 and is used to adjust the angle of the piezoelectric energy harvester;
[0073] The mounting frame includes a vertical plate 4 mounted on an end of the angle adjustment member away from the exciter;
[0074] The piezoelectric energy harvester includes a main beam 12 and a transverse plate 5. One end of the main beam 12 is installed on the vertical plate 4 and the other end is connected to a curved surface structure 11. A shear mode piezoelectric component 13 is installed on the main beam 12. The transverse plate 5 is installed on the vertical plate 4. A mounting block 6 is installed on the transverse plate 5. The mounting block 6 is connected to a pendulum ball 10 in the curved surface structure 11 via a connecting rope 9.
[0075] The angle adjustment member includes a top plate 2 and a bottom plate 15 symmetrically mounted on the mounting seat 1, the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 15 are connected with an angle adjustment plate 3 through a worm gear shaft 23, a worm gear structure is arranged on the side of the angle adjustment plate 3 away from the piezoelectric energy harvester, a worm 18 is meshed with the side of the worm gear structure facing away from the piezoelectric energy harvester, and the two ends of the worm 18 are rotatably mounted with a C-shaped plate 16 and a C-shaped plate 20 symmetrically distributed front and back, the C-shaped plate 16 and the C-shaped plate 20 are located between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 15 and are fixedly connected to the two, and one end of the worm 18 is connected with a rotating crank 22. The two ends of the worm gear shaft 23 pass through the top plate 26 and the bottom plate 2 through bearings 24, 28 and bearings 25, 29 and are connected with nuts 27, 30 to complete the installation. The two ends of the worm 18 are mounted on the C-shaped plate through bearings 17, 19 and bearing 21.
[0076] When the piezoelectric energy harvester is subjected to vibration excitation in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the main beam 12, the pendulum ball 10 swings continuously and stably in the curved structure 11 under the traction of the connecting rope 9, thereby torsional deformation of the main beam 12 occurs, and then the shear mode piezoelectric element 13 outputs electricity. By turning the crank 22 to rotate the worm 18, the worm wheel surface drives the angle adjustment plate 3 to rotate a certain angle, thereby adjusting the vibration excitation direction, simulating the energy harvesting experiment in multiple directions.
[0077] Example 2
[0078] On the basis of the above implementation plan, Figure 1As shown, since the length of the connecting rope 9 is the length of the pendulum ball 10, in order to cope with the need to adjust the pendulum length and the length change of the main beam 12, the cross plate 5 is provided with an adjustment slot 1, the mounting block 6 is slidably fitted in the adjustment slot 1, the mounting block 6 is provided with a stop bolt 7, the stop bolt 7 is used to lock the mounting block 6 at a certain position in the adjustment slot 1, the mounting block 6 is provided with a hook bolt 8, one end of the connecting rope 9 is connected to the hook bolt 8, and the other end is connected to the pendulum ball 10. The change of the pendulum length is coped with by adjusting the hook bolt 8, and the change of the length of the main beam 12 is coped with by adjusting the position of the connecting rope 9 through the stop bolt 7.
[0079] One end of the main beam 12 is a clamping end and is connected to a clamp body 14 , and the other end is a mounting end for connecting the curved surface structural member 11 . The clamp body 14 is connected to the vertical plate 4 .
[0080] The vertical plate 4 is provided with an adjustment slot 2 and an adjustment slot 3, in which an adjustment bolt 2 is installed, which is used to connect one end of the horizontal plate 5 and the vertical plate 4, and in which an adjustment bolt 3 is installed, which is used to connect the clamp body 14 and the vertical plate 4. The vertical positions of the horizontal plate 5 and the clamp body 14 are adjusted by adjusting the adjustment bolts 2 and 3, thereby adjusting the position of the pendulum ball 10 in the curved surface structural member 11. The change of the pendulum length is further dealt with by adjusting the relative distance between the horizontal plate 5 and the main beam 12.
[0081] Example 3
[0082] On the basis of the above implementation plan, Figure 6 As shown, the main beam 12 includes a sandwich beam 121, a filling groove is provided on the sandwich beam 121, and the filling groove is uniformly and densely filled with a low shear modulus body, and a surface upper beam 122 and a surface lower beam 123 are respectively installed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sandwich beam 121. During energy capture, since the main beam needs to have a certain torsional stiffness but also needs to take into account the energy capture efficiency, the torsional stiffness cannot be too large, which is not conducive to torsional deformation, and thus makes the energy capture efficiency low; the torsional stiffness cannot be too small, which will result in poor structural strength and durability, resulting in energy capture failure. Therefore, the inventor solves the contradiction between torsional stiffness and energy capture efficiency by designing the main beam structure in a targeted manner, and the following effects will be obtained:
[0083] 1. Accurately perform slotting operations on the beam. The location and size of the slots can be determined by theoretical analysis, numerical calculation or experiments to ensure that the main beam has sufficient structural strength and long service life while meeting functional requirements. 2. Fill the slots with materials with low shear modulus (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene or soft magnetic alloy, etc.). The goals of this material selection strategy are: first, to optimize and simplify the preparation process of the overall structure, and second, to significantly enhance or improve the mechanical properties of the structure. For example, because materials with low shear modulus are easy to shape and fill, the complexity and cost of the preparation process can be significantly reduced. This type of material is not only easy to adapt to various slot designs, but also can effectively avoid preparation difficulties caused by material stress concentration, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the structure. In addition, under the action of shear stress, these materials can effectively slow down stress transfer and reduce stress concentration inside the structure, thereby significantly improving the fatigue durability of the structure under long-term use. 3. Evenly cover the upper and lower surfaces of the beam with a thin layer of metal, so that the rectangular beam forms a complete and stable main beam as a whole. By using this construction method, by adjusting parameters such as the slot position, depth, width, spacing, and selecting appropriate filling materials based on factors such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, and density, the torsional stiffness of the main beam can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the energy capture efficiency of the main beam.
[0084] Example 4
[0085] On the basis of the above implementation plan, Figure 1 As shown, a path guide structure 111 is provided inside the curved surface structure 11 to guide the movement trajectory of the pendulum ball 10 during the vibration of the main beam 12. The design of the guide path structure 111 can optimize the movement path of the pendulum ball 10, making it easier to move to a position with higher energy output, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of low energy collection efficiency and limited performance improvement of traditional piezoelectric energy harvesters.
[0086] Example 5
[0087] On the basis of the above implementation plan, Figure 5 As shown, the curved surface structure 11 is provided with a curved surface structure on one side of the swing ball 10. The curved surface structure is used to convert the swing of the swing ball 10 into rolling along the curved surface structure or rolling along the curved surface structure after hitting the curved surface structure after swinging a certain angle when the piezoelectric energy harvester is subjected to the thickness direction of the vertical main beam 12. One is that the swing ball 10 swings a certain angle and hits the curved surface structure and then rolls along the curved surface structure, such as Figure 5 (a); or the curved surface structure converts the swing of the pendulum ball 10 into the rolling of the pendulum ball 10, such as Figure 5 As shown in (b), at this time, the length d of the swing ball 10 in the natural state is greater than the distance d1 from the lowest end of the hook bolt 8 to the curved surface structure.
[0088] Example 6
[0089] On the basis of the above implementation plan, Figure 7 As shown, when the pendulum ball 10 rolls along the curved surface structure, at least one curved surface is set on the inner wall of the curved surface structure 11 from bottom to top. When the exciting force increases, the path of the pendulum ball 10 will be enlarged. In order to ensure that the pendulum ball 10 rolls continuously and stably in the curved surface structure, the rolling path of the curved surface structure needs to be appropriately extended, but the size of the curved surface structure 11 will increase. For some situations where space is limited, the increase in size will cause structural interference, so the complexity of the curved surface structure is increased, for example, multiple curved surfaces are used, and the radius of the curved surface is gradually reduced from bottom to top. This solves the problem of structural interference caused by cramped space and the inability to ensure continuous and stable rolling of the pendulum ball.
[0090] Example 7
[0091] On the basis of the above implementation plan, Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, if the bolts and nuts of the above scheme are used to assemble the main beam 12 and the clamp body 14, problems of over-tightening or over-loosening may occur during the assembly process. In particular, over-tightening will cause the shear mode piezoelectric element 13 to deform and output electricity in advance. The clamp body 14 includes a main body 141. A mounting groove 142 is provided on the side of the main beam 12 close to the main beam 12. A conical column 143 is provided at the root of the mounting groove 142. A vertical short plate 144 is provided at the end of the sandwich beam 121. A socket 145 is provided on the side of the vertical short plate 144 close to the conical column 143. The socket 145 and the conical column 143 are socket-fitted and installed. A rotating piece 146 is rotatably installed in the mounting groove 142, and a torsion spring is provided on the rotating node. A rotating piece 2 147 is connected to the end of the rotating piece 146. An elastic pad 148 is provided between the rotating piece 146 and the rotating piece 2 147. The rotating piece 2 147 is used to rotate to the A vertical short plate 144 is pushed near one side of the body 141, wherein two corresponding grooves are arranged on the vertical short plate 144, a moving block 1411 is slidably matched on the body 141, and a locking body 149 is arranged on the moving block 1411, and the locking body 149 is used to lock and fix the rotating piece 146, and the locking body 149 includes an operating block 1491 and a locking block 1492 which are vertically slidably matched on the moving block 1411, and an elastic thin plate 1493 is connected to the bottom of the operating block 1491 and the top of the locking block 1492, and the free ends of the two elastic thin plates 1493 are connected to the rotating shaft 1494, and the rotating shaft 1494 is installed in the body 141. During installation, the vertical short plate 144 first enters the installation groove 142, and passes through the two rotating pieces 147, and is initially adapted through the socket 145 and the tapered column 143. Apply pressure downward on the operating block 1491, and the elastic sheet 1493 is bent and deformed, and another elastic sheet 1493 is bent and deformed through the rotating shaft 1494. The bending and deformation drives the locking block 1492 upward, and the horizontal sliding moving block 1411 squeezes the rotating sheet 146 to deflect a certain angle. After deflecting a certain angle, the rotating sheet 147 pushes the vertical short plate 144 to make the conical column 143 and the socket hole 145 fit together. When it is unable to deflect further, the elastic pad 148 is squeezed to fix the vertical short plate 144. A tooth pattern is provided between the rotating sheet 146 and the locking block 1492, and the tooth pattern adaptation is used to ensure that the vertical short plate 144 will not loosen. This method can realize quick disassembly and replacement of the pressure beam 12. When the locking block 1492 and the rotating piece 146 are locked, the side of the moving block 1411 is attached to the rotating piece 146 to form a self-locking, and the rotating piece 146 will not be loosened under the action of the torsion spring. The moving block 1411 will not move up and down relative to the body 141 when sliding horizontally.When replacing, it is only necessary to adjust the operating block 1491 in the reverse direction to apply pressure to drive the locking block 1492 and the rotating piece 146 to separate, and then slide the moving block 1411 in the reverse direction. The rotating piece 146 is reset under the action of the torsion spring. After the reset, it will not affect the removal of the vertical short plate 144. The pressure beam 12 of the new length can be replaced and reinstalled.
[0092] An experimental method of a multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device, comprising:
[0093] Step 1: Structure assembly
[0094] Install the mounting base 1 at the output end of the vibrator, and install the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 15 on the mounting base 1;
[0095] Bearings are installed at both ends of the worm 18, and the bearings are installed on the C-shaped plate 16 and the C-shaped plate 20 by interference fit, and a crank 22 is installed at the end of the worm 18;
[0096] The bearing is installed on the angle adjustment plate 3, and the angle adjustment plate 3 is placed between the C-shaped plate 1 16 and the C-shaped plate 2 20 and is tightly meshed with the worm 18;
[0097] The worm shaft is passed through the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 15 and installed in the bearing, and the shaft sleeves are installed at both ends of the worm shaft and the worm shaft is fixed;
[0098] The vertical plate 4 is installed on the angle adjustment plate 3, and the horizontal plate 5 and the clamp body 14 are installed on the vertical plate 4. The end of the horizontal plate 5 is connected to the vertical plate 4 through the second adjusting bolt penetrating the second adjusting slot, and the clamp body 14 is connected to the vertical plate 4 through the third adjusting bolt penetrating the third adjusting slot, and the clamp body 14 is connected to the clamping end of the main beam 12;
[0099] Install the shear mode piezoelectric component 13 and the curved surface structural component 11 on the main beam 12, and connect the clamping end of the main beam 12 and the clamping body 14;
[0100] Install the mounting block 6 in the adjusting groove 1 of the horizontal plate 5, install the hook bolt 8 on the mounting block 6, and connect the two ends of the connecting rope 9 to the hook bolt 8 and the swing ball 10 respectively, and ensure the position of the swing ball 10 in the curved structure by adjusting the height position of the hook bolt 8 or the horizontal plate 5 relative to the vertical plate 4;
[0101] Step 2: Structural inspection and preliminary experiments
[0102] Check the connection tightness of each component and the docking method of the components to ensure that the components are firmly installed;
[0103] Conduct preliminary experiments on the piezoelectric energy harvester. Based on the experimental results, determine whether the piezoelectric energy harvester is working properly. If there is any abnormality, check whether the device is firm to ensure that there is no looseness or misalignment. Check whether the piezoelectric element 13 of the piezoelectric energy harvester is broken in shear mode or the electrode is detached. Adjust and optimize the device based on the inspection results to ensure that all components are firmly connected.
[0104] Step 3: Model experiment
[0105] Step 31: Power Generation Experiment
[0106] The exciter drives the mounting seat 1 and the vertical plate 4 to apply vibration excitation to the piezoelectric energy harvester in a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the main beam 12. The pendulum ball 10 swings continuously and stably along the path guide structure 111 in the curved surface structure 11 under the traction of the connecting rope 9. The main beam 12 is torsionally deformed, and the shear mode piezoelectric element 13 outputs electricity.
[0107] Step 32: Adjust the excitation direction
[0108] The crank 22 is shaken, and the worm 18 rotates to drive the angle adjustment plate 3 to rotate a corresponding angle to adjust the excitation direction of the piezoelectric energy harvester, and the piezoelectric energy harvester is subjected to experimental power generation in each excitation direction;
[0109] Step 33: Adjust the horizontal position of the swing ball 10
[0110] When the length of the main beam 12 increases, first loosen the stop bolt 7 to adjust the mounting block 6 to the corresponding position, and tighten the brake bolt to ensure that the swing ball 10 rolls in the curved structure or rolls along the curved structure after hitting the curved structure.
[0111] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The replacement may be a replacement of a part of the structure, device, method step, or a complete technical solution. Any equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device, characterized in that: include: Vibrator, A mounting base (1), the mounting base (1) being connected to the vibration exciter; An angle adjustment member connected to the mounting seat (1) and used for adjusting the angle of the piezoelectric energy harvester; The mounting frame comprises a vertical plate (4) mounted on an end of the angle adjustment member away from the vibration exciter; The piezoelectric energy harvester comprises a main beam (12) and a transverse plate (5), wherein one end of the main beam (12) is mounted on a vertical plate (4) and the other end is connected to a curved surface structural member (11), a shear mode piezoelectric member (13) is mounted on the main beam (12), the transverse plate (5) is mounted on the vertical plate (4), a mounting block (6) is mounted on the transverse plate (5), and the mounting block (6) is connected to a swing ball (10) in the curved surface structural member (11) via a connecting rope (9).
2. The multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle adjustment member comprises a top plate (2) and a bottom plate (15) which are symmetrically mounted on a mounting seat (1) in an upper and lower manner; an angle adjustment plate (3) is connected to the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (15) via a worm gear shaft; a worm gear structure is arranged on the side of the angle adjustment plate (3) away from the piezoelectric energy harvester; a worm gear (18) is meshed with the side of the worm gear structure facing away from the piezoelectric energy harvester; two ends of the worm gear (18) are rotatably mounted with a C-shaped plate 1 (16) and a C-shaped plate 2 (20) which are symmetrically distributed frontward and rearward; the C-shaped plate 1 (16) and the C-shaped plate 2 (20) are located between the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (15) and are fixedly connected to the two; one end of the worm gear (18) is connected to a rotating crank (22).
3. The multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transverse plate (5) is provided with an adjustment groove (1), a mounting block (6) is slidably fitted in the adjustment groove (1), a stop bolt (7) is installed on the mounting block (6), the stop bolt (7) is used to lock the mounting block (6) at a certain position in the adjustment groove (1), a hook bolt (8) is installed on the mounting block (6), one end of the connecting rope (9) is connected to the hook bolt (8), and the other end is connected to the swing ball (10).
4. The multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the main beam (12) is a clamping end connected to a clamp body (14), and the other end is a mounting end for connecting to a curved surface structural member (11). The clamp body (14) is connected to a vertical plate (4).
5. The multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertical plate (4) is provided with an adjustment groove 2 and an adjustment groove 3, in which an adjustment bolt 2 is installed, and the adjustment bolt 2 is used to connect one end of the horizontal plate (5) and the vertical plate (4), and in which an adjustment bolt 3 is installed, and the adjustment bolt 3 is used to connect the clamp body (14) and the vertical plate (4).
6. The multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main beam (12) comprises a sandwich beam (121), a filling groove is provided on the sandwich beam (121), the filling groove is evenly and densely filled with a low shear modulus body, and a surface upper beam (122) and a surface lower beam (123) are respectively installed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sandwich beam (121).
7. The multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A path guiding structure (111) is provided inside the curved surface structural member (11) for guiding the movement trajectory of the swing ball (10) during the vibration of the main beam (12).
8. The multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved surface structure (11) is provided with a curved surface structure on one side opposite to the swing ball (10). The curved surface structure is used to convert the swing of the swing ball (10) into rolling along the curved surface structure when the piezoelectric energy harvester is subjected to a load in the thickness direction of the vertical main beam (12), or to convert the swing of the swing ball (10) into rolling along the curved surface structure after hitting the curved surface structure after swinging at a certain angle.
9. The multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the swing ball (10) rolls along the curved surface structure, at least one curved surface is arranged on the inner wall of the curved surface structure (11) from bottom to top, and when there are multiple curved surfaces, the radius of the curved surface gradually decreases from bottom to top.
10. An experimental method for a multi-directional adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester experimental device, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Structure assembly Installing a mounting base (1) at the output end of the vibration exciter, and installing a top plate (2) and a bottom plate (15) on the mounting base (1); Bearings are installed at both ends of the worm (18), and the bearings are installed on the C-shaped plate 1 (16) and the C-shaped plate 2 (20) by interference fit, and a crank (22) is installed at the end of the worm (18); A bearing is installed on the angle adjustment plate (3), and the angle adjustment plate (3) is placed between the C-shaped plate 1 (16) and the C-shaped plate 2 (20) and is tightly meshed with the worm (18); The worm gear shaft is passed through the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (15) and installed in the bearing, and shaft sleeves are installed at both ends of the worm gear shaft to fix the worm gear shaft; A vertical plate (4) is mounted on the angle adjustment plate (3), a horizontal plate (5) and a clamp body (14) are mounted on the vertical plate (4), an end of the horizontal plate (5) is connected to the vertical plate (4) by means of an adjusting bolt (2) penetrating an adjusting groove (2), the clamp body (14) is connected to the vertical plate (4) by means of an adjusting bolt (3) penetrating an adjusting groove (3), and the clamp body (14) is connected to the clamping end of the main beam (12); A shear mode piezoelectric component (13) and a curved surface structural component (11) are installed on the main beam (12), and a clamping end of the main beam (12) is connected to a clamping body (14); A mounting block (6) is installed in an adjustment groove of the horizontal plate (5), a hook bolt (8) is installed on the mounting block (6), and two ends of a connecting rope (9) are respectively connected to the hook bolt (8) and the swing ball (10), and the swing ball (10) is ensured to be in a position in the curved structure by adjusting the height of the hook bolt (8) or the horizontal plate (5) relative to the vertical plate (4); Step 2: Structural inspection and preliminary experiments Check the connection tightness of each component and the docking method of the components to ensure that the components are firmly installed; Conduct a preliminary experiment on the piezoelectric energy harvester, and judge whether the piezoelectric energy harvester is working normally according to the experimental results. If there is any abnormality, check whether the device is firm to ensure that there is no looseness or misalignment, and check whether the piezoelectric energy harvester has shear mode piezoelectric element (13) cracks or electrode detachment; according to the inspection results, adjust and optimize the device until all components are firmly connected; Step 3: Model experiment Step 31: Power Generation Experiment The exciter drives the mounting seat (1) and the vertical plate (4) to apply vibration excitation to the piezoelectric energy harvester in a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the main beam (12); the pendulum ball (10) swings continuously and stably along the path guide structure (111) in the curved surface structure (11) under the traction of the connecting rope (9); the main beam (12) is torsionally deformed, and electric power is output through the shear mode piezoelectric element (13); Step 32: Adjust the excitation direction The handle (22) is shaken, and the worm (18) rotates to drive the angle adjustment plate (3) to rotate a corresponding angle to adjust the excitation direction of the piezoelectric energy harvester, and the piezoelectric energy harvester is subjected to experimental power generation in each excitation direction; Step 33, lateral position adjustment of the swing ball (10) When the length of the main beam (12) increases, the stop bolt (7) is first loosened to adjust the mounting block (6) to a corresponding position, and the brake bolt is tightened to ensure that the swing ball (10) rolls in the curved surface structure or rolls along the curved surface structure after hitting the curved surface structure.