Device for coating a substrate with a powder material

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100; 100 ') for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdery material (004). 100 *), having at least one first application unit (101; 101 '), the first application unit comprising a first roller (102; 102 ') and a second roller (103; 103 ') for forming a film, the first and second rollers forming a first roller gap (104; 104') for forming a film in a nip between the shell surfaces thereof; 104 ') through which the powdered material (004) can be fed in order to form a first dry film (003), and which has a second roller gap (104'; 106) and a roller (103 '; the pressing roller (106) forms a second roller gap (107) with the second roller (103) or a further roller following indirectly or directly downstream with respect to the second roller (103) in the material flow direction, a substrate path is provided which is guided through the second roller gap (107), on which substrate path the carrier substrate web (106) to be coated can be guided during operation, and on the first side, the pressing roller (106) is arranged in the second roller gap (107), and on the second side, the pressing roller (106) is arranged in the second roller gap (107). A dry film (106) formed in the first roller gap (104) can be loaded. According to the invention, in order to adjust two adjacent rollers (102; 103, 103; the two rollers (102, 103, 102 ', 103') have a roller gap (104, 107) between the two rollers (102, 103, 102 ', 103'), at least one traction device (141, 165) having a drive mechanism (132, 133) is arranged on the frame side, by means of which traction device the two rollers (102, 103, 102 ', 103') can be moved in the adjustment direction towards each other or can be tensioned and can be moved away from each other again or at least again unloaded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdery material according to claim 1 . Background Art

[0002] In WO2020 / 150254A1, a film is produced by calendering a powder mixture and winding the film onto a roll so that it can be fed into a further process in which the film can be laminated onto a current collector. In one embodiment, the powder mixture is placed onto a belt and guided onto the belt into the gap between two rollers.

[0003] KR102359521B1 discloses a device for dry coating a current collector web with an active material layer, wherein a first roller and a second roller are provided for each side of the web, an active material layer is formed between the rollers, and the corresponding active material layer is applied to the current collector web at the pressing portion between the two second rollers. A first and a second device for swinging the roller spacing are provided, and the spacing between the first roller and the second roller can be adjusted by the first and second devices, respectively. The first device and the second device include a mechanical cylinder driven by a servo motor. In addition, a third device for adjusting the roller gap formed between the second rollers is provided. Thus, the thickness of the electrode can be easily controlled by the gap width. In one embodiment, a cylinder can also be provided between the second rollers to keep the spacing constant.

[0004] DE 10 2008 009 341 A1 relates to a method for grinding, mixing, dispersing, homogenizing, etc., liquid to pasty materials in a roller train having a plurality of rollers, each supported at two ends in a bearing receptacle, wherein the material is continuously conveyed from a first roller to a last removal roller and removed there by a scraper. By pivoting the axis bearing, the spacing or proximity of two of the three rollers to the middle roller can be changed. The end bearing seats of at least one roller are designed to be adjustable transversely to the roller axis independently of one another by corresponding eccentric bearings, so that by deflecting the eccentric in the opposite direction, the crossed position relative to the other rollers can be adjusted. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention is based on the object of providing a device for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdery material.

[0006] According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1 .

[0007] The advantages achievable with the invention are, in particular, that the device can be used to reliably produce coated support substrates having an active material layer that is as uniform and / or defined as possible.

[0008] In an embodiment of the device for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdery material, which is particularly suitable for the present invention, the device has at least one first application unit, the first application unit includes a first roller and a second roller, the first roller and the second roller form a first gap for film formation in the pressing part between their shell surfaces, the powdery material can be fed through the first gap in order to form a first dry film there, and the device has a roller used as a pressing roller, which forms a second gap with the second roller of the first application unit or with another roller that follows the second roller indirectly or directly downstream as viewed in the direction of the material flow, the carrier substrate to be coated can be guided through the second gap and can be loaded with the dry film formed in the first gap and, in particular, conveyed to the second gap via the second roller and, if necessary, also another roller.

[0009] According to the present invention, in order to adjust the roller gap between two adjacent rollers that are arranged to be movable relative to each other, at least one traction device with a drive mechanism is provided on each frame side, through which the two rollers can be moved closer to each other or tightened in the adjustment direction, and can be moved away from each other or at least loosened again.

[0010] Preferably, the adjusting device including the drive engages with its two active ends on the first roller and the second roller, so that the adjusting device acts on the rollers with adjusting forces directed toward each other for adjusting the gap between the first roller and the second roller.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a cylinder-piston system that can be loaded with a pressure fluid is provided as the drive mechanism. In an advantageous embodiment, the cylinder-piston system is supplied or can be supplied with a pressure fluid via a control mechanism fluidically connected to the cylinder-piston system from a pressure fluid source connected to the control mechanism on the input side, the pressure fluid source providing and / or being able to provide a pressure fluid with a pressure of at least 100 bar or 10 MPa.

[0012] In an advantageous embodiment, means for emergency shutoff are provided, by means of which the pressure medium supply of the cylinder-piston system is or can be depressurized or a switch to a disconnecting operating mode is or can be achieved.

[0013] Preferably, the first gap between the first roller and the second roller is adjusted by the adjustment device in a position-dependent manner, ie adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width.

[0014] In an advantageous development, the rollers between which the respective gap is formed are supported on both sides on machine walls of mutually different sub-machine frames, wherein the adjustment device acts in each case on the machine walls of two rollers between which the respective gap is formed.

[0015] In an advantageous embodiment, the roller used as a combining roller is designed at the same time as a laminating roller as part of a second application unit which is arranged on the other side of the substrate path, the second application unit comprising a first roller of the second application unit which, together with the laminating roller used as a combining roller or with a further roller of the second application unit located therebetween, forms a first roller gap of the second application unit, through which powdery material can be fed in order to form a second dry film again, which second dry film can be applied in the second roller gap via the laminating roller of the second application unit to the second side of the carrier substrate which is guided through the second gap via the conveying path during operation.

[0016] Further advantageous refinements and developments can be gathered individually or in combination from the claims and the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0018] in:

[0019] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of a product to be manufactured;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the creation and application of a dry film;

[0021] Figure 3 An example of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product using an application phase according to an embodiment of the first group of examples with a dry film applied on a carrier substrate is shown;

[0022] Figure 4 Show Figure 3 An enlarged view of the application phase of the first embodiment of FIG.

[0023] Figure 5 An alternative embodiment to the embodiment of the first set of examples is shown;

[0024] Figure 6 Showing further alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments;

[0025] Figure 7 Showing further alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments;

[0026] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing an implementation scheme of a second set of embodiments;

[0027] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram showing another implementation of the second set of embodiments;

[0028] Fig.10An example of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product using an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of examples with a dry film applied on a carrier substrate is shown;

[0029] Fig.11 A first design with two rollers coupled in pairs is shown. Fig.10 A magnified view of the application phase in FIG.

[0030] Fig.12 A second design with two rollers coupled in pairs is shown. Fig.10 A magnified view of the application phase in FIG.

[0031] Fig.13 A diagram showing a removal device viewed obliquely from below is shown;

[0032] Fig.14 An oblique view showing a product segment with a slight excess of primer on the side;

[0033] Fig.15 Another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product using an application phase according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments with a dry film applied on a carrier substrate is shown;

[0034] Fig.16 Another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product using an application phase according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments with a dry film applied on a carrier substrate is shown;

[0035] Fig.17 Another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product using an application phase according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments with a dry film applied on a carrier substrate is shown;

[0036] Fig.18 A perspective view of an embodiment of an application unit, in particular a double application unit, with a multi-part frame is shown;

[0037] Fig.19 Showing the basis of a multi-piece frame Fig.18 A perspective view of an embodiment of an application unit, in particular a double application unit;

[0038] Fig. 20 A cross-sectional view showing a sub-frame of a multi-piece frame;

[0039] Fig.21 A schematic cross-sectional view showing a storage area of ​​a sub-rack;

[0040] Fig. 22 A cross-sectional view showing a sub-frame with a stop mechanism for limiting the positioning movement;

[0041] Fig.23A schematic diagram showing a roller having two mutually inclined rotation axes;

[0042] Fig.24 A front view showing a sub-frame with bearings to enable pivoting;

[0043] Fig.25 A sectional view showing an alternative embodiment of an application unit, in particular a double application unit, with a multi-part frame;

[0044] Fig.26 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control circuit for adjusting the gap width of a film-forming gap is shown in a side view in a) and in a top view of a portion of an application unit in b) with a control element formed by a multi-way valve;

[0045] Fig. 27 A schematic diagram showing a multi-way valve;

[0046] Fig.28 A schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a control circuit for regulating the gap width of a film-forming gap is shown in a side view in a) and in a top view of a portion of an application unit in b) with a control mechanism formed by a pump;

[0047] Fig.29 A schematic diagram of an application unit with a regulating circuit for regulating the gap width is shown;

[0048] Fig.30 A schematic diagram of an application unit with a control loop for adjustment based on layer thickness is shown;

[0049] Fig.31 shows a schematic diagram of an application unit with an alternative control loop for adjustment based on layer thickness;

[0050] Fig.32 shows a schematic diagram of an application unit having a further alternative control loop for adjusting based on layer thickness;

[0051] Fig.33 A schematic diagram showing an application unit with a regulating circuit for adjusting based on grammage;

[0052] Fig.34 A schematic diagram of an application unit with an alternative regulating circuit for grammage-based regulation is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The device or machine described below relates to the production of electrode cells 001 of electrochemical energy stores, in particular as used in batteries or accumulators, for example lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries or in particular lithium-ion batteries, and solid-state batteries.

[0054] The product 001; 002 to be manufactured by the following machine can, for example, be formed by a workpiece that has yet to be cut, such as a web-like intermediate product 002, such as a product strip 002 designed as an electrode strip 002, or by a single paper-like final product 001 that has already been cut in the machine, such as a product segment 001 formed as an electrode unit 001 (electrode 001 for short).

[0055] In order to produce such a product 001; 002, which has a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web 006, for example a carrier substrate web 006, for example a current conductor substrate 006 formed by, for example, a current conductor film 006, a material layer 003; 003' applied on one side or on both sides, in particular an active material layer 003; 003' preferably as a dry film 003; 003', there is now a device 100; 100* for coating, in particular dry coating, for example, the above-mentioned carrier substrate 006 with the above-mentioned material layer 003; 003', preferably a dry film 003; 003', in particular a powder composite film 003, which is referred to as coating device 100; 100* for short, which comprises at least a first application unit 101, by which a powdery, preferably dry material 004; 004', in particular a preferably solvent and / or dry powder mixture 004; 004' can first be processed into a dry film 003, in particular by pressing and / or using a pressing force, and this dry film 003; 003' can then be applied to the first side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or using a pressing force. The dry film 003; 003' to be applied should have a thickness of 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably 40 μm to 100 μm after application and pressing, for example.

[0056] The above-mentioned powder mixture 004; 004', which is present in particular as a dry powder, is particularly intended for the production of an electrode unit 001 for a lithium-ion battery or storage battery with, for example, more than ninety percent by weight of active materials, such as lithium compounds: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide and / or lithium titanate, including some, for example 3% by weight of lead additives, some, for example graphite or so-called carbon nanotubes (CNTs), i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and some, for example two% by weight of synthetic materials that act as binders in the subsequent powder composite material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0057] The carrier substrate 006, for example, simultaneously represents the current conducting layer of the electrode unit 001 and is formed, for example, by a film-like, nonwoven-like or woven conductive material, for example, of a metal. The conductive material is formed, for example, in particular for the production of the electrode unit 001 for lithium-ion cells or accumulators, of aluminum or copper and / or has, for example, a thickness d006 of 5 to 16 μm. In the case of the production of the anode, the conductive material is in particular made of copper, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 5 to 13 μm, and in the case of the production of the cathode, in particular of aluminum, with a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 μm.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the carrier substrate 006 has a surface coating with a connection auxiliary or connection enabling agent 007; 007', for example an adhesive 007; 007', a primer 007; 007' or an adhesive 007; 007', at least in the surface area to be coated with the dry film 003; 003'. Such a medium 007; 007' can be formed by a thermoplastic or reactive adhesive or primer and, for example, comprises a thermoplastic component and / or has a thickness d007 of only a few micrometers, for example of at most 5 μm, in particular of at most 3 μm.

[0059] The thickness d003; d003' of the active material layer 003; 003' of the product 001; 002 (ie the electrode unit 001 or the electrode core wire 002) is, for example, at most 240 μm, in particular at most 150 μm, preferably at most 100 μm and / or, for example, at least 20 μm, in particular at least 30 μm, preferably at least 40 μm.

[0060] The total thickness of the product 001; 002 coated on both sides, for example, is, for example, at most 500 μm, in particular at most 320 μm, preferably at most 220 μm and / or at least 50 μm, in particular at least 70 μm, preferably at least 90 μm, after a calendering process, which is connected in-line or in another machine to the process of applying or coating the dry film 003; 003' to the carrier substrate 006. In this case, the density of the applied material 004, 004 is, for example, greater than 3000 kg / m 3 , preferably greater than at least 3500 kg / m 3 The intermediate product 002 which leaves the machine for pure coating, which is also referred to here as a prefabricated product, can optionally have a lower density, but for example a density of 2000 kg / m 3 , preferably at least 2500kg / m 3 , especially at least 2900 kg / m 3In the case of coating on only one side, the total thickness of the finished product 001; 002, which may be further compacted by at least one calendering process, reaches, for example, 255 μm, in particular 165 μm, preferably 65 μm and / or 30 μm, in particular at least 40 μm, preferably at least 50 μm.

[0061] The above-mentioned values ​​for the total thickness and / or density of the final product 001 or, for example, an intermediate product 002 which only needs to be cross-cut are also shown in the case of a subsequent calendering process following the coating process, if a sufficiently large force is provided during the coating process or simultaneously with the process of applying the dry film 003; 003' or this force can be applied in the lamination gap.

[0062] In order to ensure an efficient production process, the carrier material 006, which is preferably in web form, is preferably processed into the above-mentioned end product or intermediate product, which has, for example, a width b006 of at least 300 mm, advantageously 500 mm, in particular at least 550 mm or even 600 mm and more, and in a particularly advantageous embodiment even up to 1200 mm. In this case, the carrier material 006 is not coated with the dry film 003; 003' over its entire width, but only with the exception of the exposed edge region, in which the surface of the metallic conductive carrier material 006 is exposed and remains accessible, for example, for the purpose of line connection. Such a width b003 of the coating is, for example, up to at least 200 mm, advantageously at least 230 mm or even up to 300 mm and more.

[0063] In order to manufacture the dry film 003 in the above-mentioned manner, the first roller 102, in particular the metering roller 102, and the second roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103, of the first application unit 101 are arranged in the following manner so that a first gap 104, in particular the first film-forming gap 104, is formed between the rollers. In order to form the dry film 003, the powder mixture 004, for example, which is conveyed by the device 700 for conveying a powdery material into the counter-pressing portion (referred to as the powder conveying device 700), can be conveyed through the first film-forming gap (see, for example, Figure 2 ). The clear width of the first gap 104 at its narrowest point determines the thickness of the dry film 003, which may be greater than the thickness in the subsequent product 001; 002, even before the dry film passes the application point, where the dry film is applied to the carrier substrate 006, especially under pressure.

[0064] Here, the application point is preferably formed directly by the counterpressure portion of the second roller 103, which in this case acts as a laminating roller 103, and a roller 106; 103, which acts as a pressing roller 106; 103', or by a roller which cooperates with the second roller 103 directly or via one or more additional rollers and acts as a laminating roller and a roller 106; 103, which acts as a pressing roller 106; 103' (not shown here). The second or further roller used as laminating roller 003 and the roller 106; 103 used as combining roller 106; 103 form a second gap 107 in the counter-pressure portion between their shell surfaces, in particular an application gap 107, also referred to hereinafter as a lamination gap 107, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the side facing away from the combining roller 106; 103, can be loaded with a dry film 003 formed by the first film-forming gap 104, for example with a thickness of at least 40 µm, for example between 50 μm and 200 μm, in particular between 60 and 120 μm.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the application stage 100; 100* comprises a second application unit 101 '(see, for example Figures 3 to 13 ), by means of the second application unit, the powder mixture 004', which is also particularly solvent-free and / or dry, for example, conveyed in the counter-press by means of the second device 700' for conveying powdery material (referred to as powder conveying device 700' for short), can first be processed, in particular by pressing and / or using pressing forces, into a second dry film 003'; 003 and the second dry film can subsequently be applied to the other second side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or using pressing forces. In principle, this can be a powder mixture 004' that is the same as or different from the first powder mixture 004'.

[0066] Similarly, in the second application unit 101', preferably, the first roller 102', in particular the metering roller 102' and the second roller 103', in particular the laminating roller 103' are arranged in the following manner so that the first roller and the second roller have a first gap 104', in particular a second film-forming gap 104', in the pressing portion between their shell surfaces, and the powder mixture 004' can be conveyed through the second film-forming gap to form a second dry film 003'.

[0067] Here too, the second roller 003' of the second application unit 101', which directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller 003' or via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller (not shown here), forms a gap 107'; 107 with the roller 106'; 103 used as a pressing roller 106'; 103 in the pressure section between its shell surfaces, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular, on the second side facing away from the second pressing roller 106'; 103, can be loaded with the second dry film 003' formed by the second film-forming gap 104'; 104.

[0068] In a first set of embodiments of the coating apparatus 100 (see, for example, Figures 3 to 7 ), the second gap 107' is formed by a second application gap 107' which is different from the first application gap or lamination gap 107, for example, the lamination gap 107' and a second roller 106' which acts as a pressing roller 106 and acts on the first pressing roller 106 of the first application unit 101 and / or a second pressing roller 106' which is different from the lamination roller 103, and the carrier substrate 006 can be guided through the gap and, in particular, on the second side facing away from the second pressing roller 106', can be loaded with the second dry film 003' formed by the second film-forming gap 104'. In this embodiment, two independent application units 101; 101' are provided for both sides of the carrier substrate 106. Therefore, different conditions for the corresponding application process can be adjusted independently of each other in the relevant lamination gaps 107; 107'. Here, for example, different pressing forces or linear forces and / or temperatures as necessary can be adjusted.

[0069] For such an embodiment, for example for a large degree of wrapping, in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', the metering roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103' and the pressing roller 106; 106' which forms a laminating gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller can, in a first embodiment variant, be arranged relative to each other in such a way that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102' of the respectively adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at an angle α, which is, for example, between 40° and 130°, in particular between 70° and 110°, preferably between 80° and 100°. 106 'of better heat transfer and / or better, for example, vibration-free upper and lower rollers (see, for example Figures 3 to 5 ).

[0070] Thus, the respective closing roller 106; 106' can be arranged, for example, below the laminating roller 103; 103' so that the plane connecting the axes of rotation R103; R106; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' deviates from the vertical by a maximum of ±30°, in particular by a maximum of ±15°. The pressing force and the gravity in the laminating gap act primarily in the same direction.

[0071] In a second embodiment variant which is advantageous, for example, with regard to the forces acting and the direction of loading, in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', the metering roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103' and the pressing roller 106; 106' which forms a laminating gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller are arranged relative to each other, for example, in such a way that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the respective pairs of adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at most at an acute angle α, which is a maximum of 20°, in particular at 0°, so that the rotation axes R102 of the three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the same application unit 101; 101'; R103; R106; R102'; R103' are located in the same plane. The arrangement is therefore very rigid, since the forces and reaction forces are at least mainly directed in opposite directions to one another. In this arrangement of three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106 (also referred to as a "flat arrangement"), the three rollers are arranged one behind the other in a row in such a way that the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of these rollers intersect at least one identical straight line extending perpendicularly to the respective axis of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103'. In this case, the axes of rotation may be slightly inclined or tiltable relative to one another as described below.

[0072] Here, the two application units 101; 101 'with their laminating rollers 103; 103 'arranged on different sides of the substrate path, and can be arranged one above the other in such a manner that the two laminating gaps 107; 107 'in one embodiment are arranged vertically overlapping each other (see, for example Figure 6 ) or in another embodiment, in particular by at least half and at most one and a half laminating roller diameters (see for example Figure 7 ). Figure 7, for example, a substrate guiding concept that can also be transferred to other embodiments is indicated by a dotted line, by which a larger wrap angle and thus a better heat transfer and / or a more stable upper roller can be achieved. For this purpose, the substrate path is deflected by an additional substrate guiding element 121 in such a way that when winding up onto the subsequent roller 106; 106', the transport direction T S Relative to the conveying direction T of the output substrate 006 S Tilt at least 45°.

[0073] 102 ', the second roller 103; 103 'or the second roller directly or indirectly through one or more other rollers and the roller acting as a laminating roller, in an advantageous improvement, there is provided an additional roller 118; 118 '(see for example Figure 5 103') in accordance with the operating conditions, i.e. during the production process, of the laminating roller 103; 103', the circumferential segment between the metering gap 104; 104' and the laminating gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' in the form of a calendering roller 118; 118' can be in contact with the dry film 003; 003' which can be conveyed or guided on the laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0074] For the above-mentioned embodiments, variants and implementations, in a first configuration for roller support, the laminating roller 103; 103' of the corresponding application unit 101; 101' can be fixed in position with its rotation axis R103; R103' depending on the operating situation, but can be adjusted in position if necessary, and the metering roller 102; 102' and the pressing roller 106; 106' can be supported so as to be adjustably in a direction having at least one movement separation towards and / or away from the corresponding laminating roller 103; 103' via respective adjustment drives 109; 109'; 111; 111'. Here and hereinafter, the term "adjustment drive device" 109; 109'; 111; 111' refers to the entirety of the structure that enables and / or is capable of direct or indirect adjustment of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106', which mechanisms are also referred to hereinafter as adjustment devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' and include at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' that guides the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' along an adjustment movement and one or more drive mechanisms 132; 132'; 133; 133' that enable the adjustment.

[0075] In order to adjust the respective metering roller 102; 102' onto the second roller 103; 103', in a first embodiment, a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' or an adjustment mechanism 109; 109' for position-based adjustment is provided, i.e. an adjustment drive 109; 109' or an adjustment mechanism 109; 109', by means of which a defined position for the component to be adjusted can be achieved. The position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' or the position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' can be positioned, for example, in a defined and / or defined position or can be operated or adjusted in a position-controlled or even position-adjustable manner.

[0076] Such a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' can be realized, for example, in the following way: the drive mechanism 132; 133, for example the drive motor itself, can occupy a defined, predeterminable position, which is possible, for example, for a position-controllable servo drive or motor (see, for example, the embodiment of the drive mechanism 132 as a hydraulically operated piston-cylinder system 132 that is controllable and / or adjustable in terms of piston position described below), or in the following way: the adjustment path can be defined at least towards the critical side, for example, by a stop mechanism 119 that is adjustable by means of an adjustment and / or drive mechanism 146, for example an adjustable stop 119, which defines the end position and the component to be adjusted in terms of position is adjusted or can be adjusted towards this stop by means of, for example, a force-based or non-position-controllable drive mechanism (see, for example, the corresponding Fig.19 or Fig. 22 113 '). In this case, the roller 102; 102' is supported, for example, in or on an adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed, for example, by a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' which executes the adjustment path with high position accuracy. This is particularly advantageous for small adjustment ranges under high forces, for example, by a bearing 113; 113' with an eccentric, for example a three-ring bearing 113; 113'. For example, in the case of an adjustment parallel to the adjustment direction and therefore more direct with respect to the adjustment path, a linear bearing 112; 112' extending in the adjustment direction may also be advantageous instead.

[0077] In order to adjust the respective pressing roller 103; 106; 106', in this first advantageous embodiment, a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' or an adjustment mechanism 111; 111' for force-based adjustment, i.e. an adjustment drive 111; 111' or an adjustment mechanism 111, is provided, by which a contact with a defined force on a support can be achieved. The force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' or the adjustment mechanism 111; 111' for force-based adjustment can be adjusted, for example, to a defined and / or defined force or can be operated or adjusted in a force-controlled or even adjustable manner.

[0078] Such a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111', which is particularly arranged on at least one side, can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the drive mechanism 132, for example the drive motor 132 itself can apply a defined and predeterminable force, which is feasible for example for a torque-adjustable or controllable, in particular torque-adjustable or controllable servo drive or motor, or in such a way that the roller to be adjusted can be pressed against another roller 103; 103' with an adjustment force towards the critical side by a drive mechanism that can be operated by means of a pressure medium, for example by a pneumatically or hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132; 133, wherein the pressure of the drive mechanism 132; 133 is preferably adjustable. Here, the pressing roller 106; 106" is supported, for example, in or on an adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' which realizes the adjustment force based on force, i.e. without additional mechanical limitation of the adjustment path. Thus, for example, on at least one side, but preferably on both sides, a bearing mechanism 112; 112' designed as a linear bearing 112; 112' can be advantageously formed as such a bearing mechanism.

[0079] However, in a second embodiment, in the opposite way, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted based on force, and the pressing roller 106; 106' can be adjusted based on position. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding schemes.

[0080] However, in the third design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0081] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or a combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' or a combined adjustment mechanism 109; 109'; 111; 111' is provided for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least the pressing roller 106; 106', which selectively realizes position-based adjustment of the relevant rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' or force-based adjustment.

[0082] Such a combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is formed, for example, by an adjustment drive 109; 111; 109'; 111' with an adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' or an adjustment mechanism 109; 111; 109', in whose drive path a stop 119 can be selectively inserted for defining the position, for example, by the drive mechanism and / or the adjustment mechanism. Alternatively, it is also advantageous for the adjustment drive 109; 111; 109'; 111' to include, as a drive mechanism 132; 133; 132'; 133', a motor 132; 132'; 133; 133', in particular a servomotor, which can be operated in a position-adjustable or controllable manner or in a torque-adjustable or controllable manner.

[0083] In a second construction for roller support, the pressing roller 106; 106' of the respective application unit 101; 101' can be fixed in position with its axis of rotation R106; R106' depending on the operating situation, but can also be adjusted if necessary, and the laminating roller 103; 103' and the respectively assigned metering roller 102; 102' are paired in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding pressing roller 106; 106' via a corresponding common bearing arrangement 112; 112' and / or an adjusting drive 111; 111', and in addition, the respective metering roller 102; 102' is supported so as to be adjustably via a bearing arrangement 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or an adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' along a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0084] In a first advantageous embodiment, for adjusting the respective metering rollers 102; 102', a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' is provided in the above-described manner, for example a bearing arrangement 112; 112'; 113; 113' formed by a three-ring bearing 113; 113' or a linear bearing 112; 112'; 113; 113' is provided on one or both sides. For adjusting the laminating rollers 103; 103' in pairs with the respective metering rollers 102; 102', a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' can be provided in the above-described manner.

[0085] However, in a second design, in the opposite manner, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjustable based on force, and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be adjustable based on position. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding schemes.

[0086] However, in the third design, the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are adjustable based on force, and in the fourth design, the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are adjustable based on position. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0087] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, in order to adjust at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for the swinging roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 is provided in the above manner and / or in the above embodiment, which allows the roller pair to be adjusted towards the pressing roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 based on position or force.

[0088] In a second group of embodiments of the application device 100* (see, for example, Figures 8 to 12 , Figures 15 to 19 , Fig.25 , Fig.26 and Fig.28As shown in FIG. 1 ), the second roller 003' of the second application unit 101' or the roller of the second application unit 101' that cooperates with the second roller 103' directly or indirectly through one or more additional rollers and the second or additional roller 103 of the first application unit 101 that acts as a laminating roller 103 form a common gap 107 that acts as a double-sided lamination gap 107 in the counter-pressure portion between their shell surfaces, wherein the two laminating rollers 103; 103' that form the gap 107 between each other act as pressing rollers 103'; 103. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through between the laminating rollers and, in particular, on both sides, can be applied with a dry film 003', 003' formed via the first and second film-forming gaps 104; 104', respectively. This arrangement of two application units 101; 101' that cooperate for simultaneous application on both sides is also referred to as a double application unit 101; 101' hereinafter.

[0089] In the corresponding application unit 101; 101', the planes formed by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering roller 102; 102' and the laminating roller 103; 103' intersect at an acute angle α at most, for example, which acute angle is, for example, a maximum of 20°, advantageously a maximum of 5°, in particular 0°, so that in the case of 0°, the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103'; 106' of the two application units 101; 101' that cooperate in the lamination gap 107 on both sides are located in the same plane or are parallel to each other but distributed vertically offset.

[0090] In a first embodiment variant, the two planes extend in a common horizontal plane or extend horizontally, but are offset from one another vertically (see, for example, Figure 8 ).

[0091] In a second embodiment variant, which is advantageous, for example, in terms of a small wrap, the two planes extend in a common plane inclined to the horizontal plane, or in two planes inclined to the horizontal plane but offset vertically from each other. In this case, the common plane or the two offset planes are inclined to the horizontal plane, for example, at an acute angle β of 2° to 15°, in particular 3° to 10° (see, for example, Fig. 9). In the case of a configuration in which all, in particular all four rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' of the double application unit 101; 101' are arranged in one plane (also referred to as a "flat arrangement"), the rollers are arranged one behind the other in such a way that the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102' of the rollers intersect at least one identical straight line extending perpendicularly to the respective rotation axis R102; R103; R106; R102'. In this case, the rotation axes may be slightly inclined or tiltable relative to one another as described below.

[0092] 102 'and the second roller 103; 103 ', in an advantageous improvement, there may also be provided a calendering roller 118; 118 'of the type of additional roller 118; 118 '(see, for example Figure 8 and Fig. 9 All embodiments of the second group shown in dashed lines).

[0093] For the above-mentioned embodiment variants and embodiments, in a first construction for roller support, the first laminating roller of the two laminating rollers 103 or the other roller of the first application unit of the two application units 101 acting as a laminating roller can be supported with its rotation axis R103 in a fixed position according to the operating situation, but if necessary, it can also be adjusted, while the second laminating roller of the laminating roller 103' or the other roller acting as the second laminating roller is coupled to the corresponding metering roller 102; 102' in pairs via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' along a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding pressing roller 106; 106', and in addition to this, the corresponding metering roller 102; 102' is coupled via a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or an adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is mounted so as to be adjustable in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned laminating roller 103; 103' or another roller. In the case of one or more further rollers between the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller used as laminating roller, these are also adjustable together, for example, via a common bearing arrangement 112; 112' and / or a common adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding pressing roller 106; 106'.

[0094] In a first advantageous embodiment, a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' is provided for adjusting the respective metering roller 102; 102' in the manner and / or with the design described above. For adjusting the second laminating roller 103' in pairs with the respective metering roller 102', a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' can be provided for force-based adjustment in the manner and / or with the design described above.

[0095] However, in a second design, in the opposite manner, the metering roller 102; 102' can be based on force regulation, while the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be based on position regulation. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding schemes.

[0096] However, in the third design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on position. For this purpose, this is transferred and applied in the above-mentioned manner with corresponding corresponding solutions.

[0097] In a favorable fifth design, in order to adjust at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for the swinging roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 in the above-mentioned manner and / or with the above-mentioned design, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' is provided, which selectively realizes position-based adjustment of the roller pair toward the laminating roller 103'; 103 acting as the pressing roller 103'; 103 by means of a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109', and realizes force-based adjustment by means of a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111'.

[0098] In the following combination Fig.18 and Fig.19 or Figure 25 to Figure 28In the advantageous sixth embodiment described in detail, for adjusting the first gap 104; 104' or the corresponding metering roller 102; 102', a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' is provided in the manner described above and / or in the embodiments described above, and for adjusting the second gap 107 or adjusting the closing roller 103, a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' for force-based adjustment in the manner described above is provided, wherein the two metering rollers 102; 102' and the closing roller 103; 103' to be adjusted are each adjustable individually, i.e. without a paired connection. In a particularly advantageous development of this embodiment, here, for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting the second roller 107 or adjusting the closing roller 103', a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' is provided in the manner described above and / or in the embodiments described above.

[0099] For all embodiments of the two groups of embodiments with jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these rollers can be supported on both sides in carriers 122'; 122, in particular in side parts of the frame, which in turn are supported in the frame accommodating the application unit 101; 101' via bearing arrangements 112'; 112; 113'; 113 formed by linear bearings 112'; 112; 113'; 113.

[0100] Alternatively, two jointly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be supported on both sides in a carrier, in particular in a side part of the chassis, which in turn is pivotably supported about a pivot axis parallel to the first laminating roller 103; 103' supported in a fixed position (see, for example, Fig.12 ).

[0101] As already mentioned, in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', at least one further roller serving as a laminating roller and forming a laminating gap 107; 107' with the pressing roller 106; 103' can be arranged between the second roller 103; 103' and the pressing portion with the pressing roller 106; 103'.

[0102] For all embodiments of both sets of embodiments, in a particularly advantageous development, a removal device 114; 114', in particular a cleaning blade 114; 114', which is comprised by, for example, a material removal element 127; 127' and can be selectively brought into contact with and moved away from the outer surface of the first roller 102; 102' for cleaning purposes, is provided in the respective application unit 101; 101'. The removal device covers, for example, at least the width of the roller outer surface that is effective for film formation.

[0103] Alternatively or advantageously in addition, the material removal element 127; 127' in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', when viewed in parallel with the axis of the second roller 103; 103', comprises two removal devices 116; 116', in particular side edge scrapers 116; 116', which are adjustable in parallel with the axis and are or can be brought into contact with the second roller 103; 103', spaced apart from each other, by which the dry film 003; 003' conveyed by the second roller 103; 103' can be removed in the region of its side edges and can be discharged, for example, into a collecting device 117; 117'. This removal is used, for example, as so-called edge trimming to obtain a straight edge and / or a desired width b003; b003' of the dry film 003; 003'. The collected amount can, for example, be returned to the conveying section of the powder mixture 004; 004'. Such a removal device 116; 116' can also be used to remove edge strips 008; 008' which are used, for example, to determine the density of the material layer 003; 003'.

[0104] For cleaning purposes, a removal device 129; 129', in particular a cleaning scraper 129; 129', which can be brought close to and removed from the shell of the second roller 103; 103' can advantageously be provided, the removal device for example covering at least the width of the roller shell that is effective for film formation, and, if necessary, a suction removal part or collecting device (not shown) can be provided.

[0105] In order to convey or introduce the powder mixture 004; 004' into the first gap 004; 004, the above-mentioned powder conveying device 700; 700' is configured to convey powdered material, wherein, in the area of ​​the wedge-shaped portion above the gap 104; 104', i.e. in the gap 104; 104' constructed between the shell surfaces of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in a space that is particularly wedge-shaped or triangular in profile, a filling and / or storage space 126 is preferably constructed and / or provided, which has a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller 103; 103'.

[0106] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the application unit 101; 101', two boundaries 124, in particular side plates 124, spaced apart from each other and, for example, adjustable in the direction parallel to the axis relative to the first roller 102; 102' are arranged above the first gap 104; 104', which respectively seal the region of the upper wedge formed between the shell surfaces of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' towards the two end faces of the application unit 101; 101', thereby forming a filling and / or storage space 126 located therebetween, preferably of variable width, for accommodating the powder mixture 004; 004'. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003; 003', the filling and / or storage space 126 can thus be varied and / or variable in terms of the position of its lateral boundaries 124 on at least one side, preferably on both sides. As an alternative to a filling and / or storage space 126 which is directly bounded by the shell surface in the lower region, at least if this does not conflict with other design features of the application unit 101; 101' or the powder conveying device 700; 700', in principle a filling and / or storage space 126 in the form of a filling or storage funnel can also be provided, for example directly in or above the wedge, similar to the introduction aid mentioned below.

[0107] For all the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, constructions, implementations or designs, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the first roller 102; 102' are preferably designed so that the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' is adjusted according to the operating conditions to a variable net width at the narrowest point of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, in particular at least 50 μm, and / or the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' is adjustable at least by the above-mentioned position-based drive mechanism 132; 132' and / or by a stop mechanism 119 on at least one side which defines the abutment position in the direction of the counter-pressure point and is adjustable in its position, i.e., for example, the above-mentioned particularly adjustable or positionable stop 119.

[0108] Alternatively or additionally thereto, the bearing arrangement 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' are advantageously designed to adjust and / or apply a linear force of, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, in the first gap 104; 104', at least in the region of its width which contributes to film formation, between the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104'.

[0109] As described above, in order to shift the metering roller 102; 102' toward the second roller 103; 103', for example in the above-mentioned embodiment and / or in the above-mentioned manner, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 can be provided, which selectively realizes position-based adjustment by means of a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109', for example in one operating mode, and realizes force-based adjustment by means of a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111', for example in a second operating mode.

[0110] For all the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs and independently of the above-mentioned embodiments of the coating device 100; 100* having a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressing rollers 106; 106' or an application unit 101; 101' with a combination of pressing rollers 103'; 103 acting on each other, in a particularly advantageous design, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first roller and the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be adjusted based on a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' which is positionable in a specified position or is position-controllable or position-adjustable in the above-mentioned manner, for example, in terms of the gap width b104 which can be positioned, for example by means of a control chain S b ; S F ;S d ; S" d controllable or via, for example, a regulating loop R b ; R d ; R" d ; R Fadjustable, i.e., for example, adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width b104; b104', for example positionable, controllable or adjustable, wherein the position-based adjustment is directed to a defined and constant relative position or gap width b104 of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' in their working position, and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the closing roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 in the manner described above by a force-based, for example force-controllable or adjustable adjustment drive 111; 111' is adjustable based on, for example, in terms of adjustment force by, for example, a pressure regulating valve or, for example, a control section including such a pressure regulating valve or, for example, by, for example, a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, i.e., for example, a constant and / or defined abutment or linear force is adjusted, for example, controllable or adjustable, wherein the force-based adjustment is particularly for a defined and / or constant abutment or linear force between the two rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103' in their working position. Just for the sake of clarification, it should be noted that the linear force or abutment force acting between the two rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 involved in the second gap 107; 107 does not act directly, but rather via the material guided through the gap, in the case of the film-forming gap 104; 104', for example via powdered material 004; 004' and in the case of the laminating gap 107; 107' via the product strip 002 having a dry film 007 on one or both sides.

[0111] Without limiting the above-identified embodiments, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can in principle be adjusted by a corresponding adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111' and / or supported on a corresponding adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above-mentioned manner. This also applies to the case in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involving an associated gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjustably supported together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' not involving this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0112] Also, for example, independently of the above-described embodiments of the coating device 100; 100* having a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressing rollers 106; 106 or a combined application unit 101; 101' with pressing rollers 103'; 103 acting on each other, in an embodiment that is particularly advantageous with regard to optimal adjustability, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first roller and the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the cooperating pressing roller 106; 106; 103'; 103 is, for example, not only based on position or force, but also with a combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111 ', optionally in particular in the manner described above, based on positional adjustment, for example positionable in relation to the gap width b104, for example by means of a control chain S b ;S F ; S d ; S" d can be controlled or controlled by, for example, a regulating loop R b ; R d ; R" d ; R FAdjustable, i.e., in one operating mode, for example, a constant and / or defined relative position of the two rollers and / or a constant and / or defined gap width b104 can be adjusted, for example, positionable or controllable or adjustable, or in another operating mode, for example, adjustable based on force, for example controllable in relation to the regulating force by, for example, a pressure regulating valve or a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, or, for example, a control section including such a pressure regulating valve is designed to be adjustably, i.e., in another operating mode, for example, a defined and / or constant abutment force or linear force can be adjusted, for example, controllable or adjustable. In particular, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' relating to the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is selectively supported in a position- or force-adjustable manner in a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113, and / or the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be selectively adjusted in the above manner to a constant and / or defined gap width or a constant and / or defined contact force or linear force, in particular controllable or adjustable. It is also possible here to limit the above-defined embodiments to the fact that in principle any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involving the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be adjusted in this way by a corresponding combined adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or can be correspondingly supported on a corresponding combined adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above-described manner. This also applies to the case where one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' which involves the associated gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjustably supported in this manner together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' which does not involve the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0113] In an advantageous embodiment, the combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is formed by a force-based, in particular force-controllable or adjustable adjustment drive 111; 111' with an adjustment mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112', in the adjustment path of which a stop 119 is selectively inserted, which can be positioned, for example, by a drive and / or adjustment mechanism 145; 146. In this case, a cylinder-piston system 133 which can be operated by a pressure medium, in particular hydraulically, is preferably provided as the drive mechanism 133.

[0114] For adjustment, the first roller 102; 102' is supported adjustably via a bearing arrangement 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force, in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103'. Additionally or alternatively, the closing roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 can be supported adjustably via a bearing arrangement 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force, in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the second or further roller 103; 103' located therebetween.

[0115] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' and the corresponding second roller 102; 102' can be supported movably in pairs in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding pressing roller 106; 106' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common, for example position-based or force-based or selectively position-based or force-based adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', and additionally, the corresponding first roller 102; 102' can be supported adjustably in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103' via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an, for example position-based or force-based or selectively position-based or force-based adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0116] For all the above embodiments, variants, constructions, implementations or designs, the first roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103, 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with the first roller are driven or drivable mechanically in rotation independently of each other in opposite directions and with different circumferential speeds according to the operating conditions and / or can be driven or drivable by different drive mechanisms 148; 149, such as drive motors 148; 149, in particular servomotors with at least adjustable or controllable speed.

[0117] Here, the first roller 102; 102' operates at a lower speed, wherein the first roller 102; 102', in particular the metering roller 102; 102' and the corresponding second roller 103; 103', in particular the laminating roller 103; 103' can operate or can operate, for example, with a ratio of the circumferential speeds of the first roller and the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103' V102 (102'): V103 (103'), which ratio is in the range of 1:5 to 3:5, in particular 1:4, depending on the operating conditions.

[0118] The rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' which form a second gap 107; 107' with each other are preferably driven or drivable mechanically independently of each other at the same circumferential speed by a common drive motor 148, in particular a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors 148, in particular servo motors 148, depending on the operating conditions.

[0119] In an advantageous embodiment, the mechanically independent drive motors 148; 149 can be operated by a drive controller via an electronic, in particular virtual, control console.

[0120] An improvement is particularly advantageous in which the first roller 102; 102' in its shell area that contributes to film formation has a surface that repels material more with respect to the powder mixture and / or a shell surface with less good bonding effect than the second roller 103; 103' in its shell area that contributes to film formation.

[0121] At least the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can have a polished and / or chrome-plated or ceramic-coated surface at least in its shell area that contributes to film formation. The first roller 102; 102' can have a structured or material-repelling surface at least in its side area that contributes to film formation.

[0122] For all the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, constructions, implementations or designs, the first and / or second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be temperature-controlled, in particular heated, preferably so that its shell surface - for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C - can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C.

[0123] Alternatively or preferably in addition to this, the rollers 106; 106'; 103; 103 of the first group of embodiments which act only as pressing rollers 106; 106'; 103 can also be temperature-controlled, in particular heated, preferably in such a way that their shell surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C, for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0124] The temperature control or heating can be realized in principle electrically, but here in an advantageous embodiment, it is realized by flowing a temperature control or heating fluid through the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature controlled. In this case, the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature controlled have a temperature control fluid, for example correspondingly temperature controlled water, introduced into or discharged from the relevant rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' via temperature control lines 134 and, for example, a rotating through-conductor.

[0125] For all of the above-described embodiments, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs, the two application units 101; 101', together with one or more substrate guide elements 121, which are arranged directly in front, behind or between them, are supported in a common or possibly multi-part frame 128, for example on two end frame walls 131 of the same or possibly multi-part frame 128. In the case of a common frame 128 with multi-part frame walls 131, a particularly rigid arrangement of the application units 101; 101' in a laminating unit 100; 100* designed as an assembly 100; 100*, for example a laminating assembly 100; 100*, can be provided.

[0126] If a calendering unit 600; 600*, for example as described below and also referred to as calendering unit 600, 600*, is to be arranged in the substrate path, for example directly downstream of the laminating unit 100; 100*, the rollers 601; 601'; 602; 602* surrounded by the calendering unit 600; 600* can also be supported in this frame 603 in an improved embodiment or, for example as a separate assembly 600; 600*, for example a calendering unit 600; 600*, in a side wall of a separate frame 603 which is arranged directly on and / or above the frame 128 carrying the application unit 101; 101'.

[0127] In the machine, for example Fig.15 and Fig.16 In the embodiment shown in , the machine is optionally longer, but the risk of vibration transmission between the units 100; 100*; 600; 600*, in particular at least the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600; 600*, is reduced, the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600 arranged therein being arranged horizontally next to each other, preferably completely in separate frames 128; 603, which are separated from each other, for example in terms of vibration technology. Figure 3 , Fig.10 , Fig.15 and / or Fig.16In a variant not shown, the calendering assembly 600; 600* can also be omitted. Advantageous embodiments of such a machine in which no additional calendering unit is arranged in the substrate path are, for example, Fig.17 and described in more detail below.

[0128] For example, Fig.15 and Fig.16 The calendering assembly 600; 600* shown in the drawing or the calendering additionally arranged downstream after the application of the dry film 003; 003* is not mandatory and can also be completely omitted in another embodiment of the machine for coating. In the latter case, the calendering can be completely omitted or can be performed or can be performed in a separate process and / or in a separate, for example, second machine. In this case, the second machine can include, for example, a substrate unwinder on the input side, from which the web-shaped intermediate product 002 can be unwound and guided along the substrate path through at least one calendering unit 600 to a reel on the output side or via a cross-cutting device to a delivery device.

[0129] In principle, independently of, but advantageously in combination with, one of the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, constructions, implementations or designs of the application unit 101; 101' and / or the coating device 100; 100* and / or the machine construction, the frame 128 of the coating device 100; 100* for coating is designed as a multi-piece in a particularly advantageous embodiment (see, for example, Fig.18 , Fig.19 , Fig. 20 , Fig. 20 , Fig.21 , Fig. 22 , Fig.24 , Fig.25 , Fig.26 and Fig.28). In this case, at least two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 of the application unit 101; 101' in an advantageous embodiment, at least two rollers 103; 103'; 106 which form a lamination gap 107; 107' with each other and / or act as pressing rollers 103; 103'; 106 with each other are supported on both sides in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of two different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the rollers being arranged in their relative position perpendicularly to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106 of at least one of the two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; The adjustment directions of extension R106' are positionally variable relative to one another in such a way that the distance between the roller shell surfaces or the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' and / or between the shell surfaces of two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106, for example, the contact force acting by a carrier substrate 006 applied or coated on at least one side or by a powdered material 004; 004' can be changed or adjusted. Here, in a preferred variant, one of the two sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is arranged fixedly relative to the rack, for example on a placement surface of the coating device 100; 100* or in or on a superior rack structure 145, for example a base plate 145, and the other sub-rack of the adjacent sub-rack 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is adjustable within at least one adjustment range along the relevant adjustment direction via a bearing mechanism 112; 113, and in another variant, one sub-rack and the other sub-rack of the adjacent sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are adjustable along the adjustment direction. The subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in particular each comprise two frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4, which are rigidly connected to one another, although if necessary detachable, by one or more transverse connecting elements, for example one or more crossbeams 136; 137. Thus, the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 adjustable in the above manner can be moved as a whole together with the roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 or rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 supporting them.

[0130] In the above-described embodiment of the application unit 101 for single-sided application only, i.e., having the first roller 102, such as a metering roller 102, the second roller 103, such as a laminating roller 103, and the consolidation roller 106, in a first but not shown embodiment variant, for example, the first and second rollers 102; 103 can be supported together in or on the frame wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the consolidation roller 106 can be supported in or on the frame wall 131.2 of the second sub-frame 128.2. For this purpose, for example, the first roller 102 in or on the first sub-frame 128.1 can be adjusted and supported in a force-based manner, such as force-definedly, force-controllably or force-adjustably, in terms of its abutting force and / or based on position, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, in terms of its distance from the second roller 103, by means of the above-described adjustment mechanisms 109; 111 (wherein the "and" variant in the "and / or" expression represents a combined adjustment drive that can be selectively adjusted based on force or based on position). In an alternative variant, for example, the second roller 102; 103 and the consolidation roller 106 are supported in or on the frame wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the first roller 102, such as the metering roller 102, is supported on the frame wall 131.3 of a separate sub-frame 128.3. For this purpose, for example, the consolidation roller 106 in or on the first sub-frame 128.1 can be adjusted and supported at a distance from the second roller 103 in a force-based manner, such as force-definedly, force-controllably or force-adjustably, and / or based on position, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, by means of the above-described adjustment devices 109; 111.

[0131] In the above-described embodiment of the application unit 101 for single-sided coating only, the first, second, and consolidation rollers 102; 103; 106 are supported in or on the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3 of their respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3. Here, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3, preferably the sub-frame 128.2 carrying the second roller 103, is arranged fixed relative to space or the frame, while the other two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3 are supported movably relative to this sub-frame in the adjustment direction. For example, in Fig.18 , for this embodiment, for example, the right sub-frame 128.4 with the frame wall 131.4 and the roller 102' is omitted, and in, the roller 103' is designed as the consolidation roller 106.

[0132] In the preferred embodiment of the application units 101; 101' as double application units 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides and for example in Figures 8 to 12 and Fig.15 , Fig.16 and Fig.17In the embodiment shown in the figure, in a first variant not shown, two pairs of rollers consisting of a metering roller and a laminating roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be supported in pairs in each sub-frame 128.1; 128.2, wherein the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 are positionally variable relative to each other in such a way that the distance between the rotation axes R103; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103' forming the laminating gap 107 with each other and / or the contact forces acting indirectly or directly between the shell surfaces can be changed. In this case, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 can be supported fixedly relative to the space or the frame, while the other sub-frame 128.1; 128.2 can be supported movably in the adjustment direction. The metering roller 102; 102' is supported, for example in the corresponding sub-frame 128.1; 128.2, by the above-mentioned adjustment mechanism 109; 111 so that the distance from the adjacent laminating roller 103 can be adjusted based on force, for example force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable and / or based on position, for example positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable. In an alternative variant, also not shown, a pair of rollers 103, 103' forming the lamination gap 107; 107' can be supported in a first common sub-frame 128.1, and the two metering rollers 102; 102' can each be supported in its own sub-frame 128.3; 128.4, wherein the first sub-frame 128.2 is, for example, fixed relative to the space or the frame, and the other two sub-frames 128.3; 128.4 can be moved relative to the first sub-frame 128.1 in such a way that: in the above-mentioned manner, the distance between the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or the contact forces acting indirectly or directly between the shell surfaces can be changed. Here, one of the laminating rollers 103; 103' can be supported at a distance from the other laminating roller 103 by the above-mentioned adjustment mechanism 109; 111 based on force, for example force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable, and / or based on position, for example positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable.

[0133] However, in a preferred embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' as a double application unit 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides, all four or, for example, all rollers 102; 103, 102'; 103' in the case of additional intermediate rollers are supported in a frame wall 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of a respective sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Here, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the second sub-frame 128.1 or the sub-frame carrying the laminating roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103 of the first application unit 101 is arranged fixedly relative to the space or the frame, and the remaining sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are preferably supported along the rotation axis R103; R103' of the laminating roller 103, which is preferably perpendicular to the laminating roller 103; 103' and in particular is supported fixedly relative to the space or the frame and / or along a straight line, in particular along an adjustment direction extending horizontally.

[0134] Preferably, at least the roller 103 of the first application unit 101 that follows upstream in relation to the material flow and / or the first roller 102 that participates in forming the second gap 107; 107' is supported in or on a third sub-frame 128.3, and the third sub-frame can be shifted along an adjustment direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' of at least the roller 103 of the first application unit 101 that participates in forming the second gap 107. In the case of a double application unit 101; 101', in a preferred embodiment, additionally, a laminating roller 103' of the second application unit 101', which participates in forming the second gap 107; 107' relative to the first application unit 101' and follows upstream with respect to the material flow, in particular the first roller 102, is supported in or on a fourth sub-frame 128.4, which is movable along an adjustment direction extending at least perpendicularly to the rotation axis R103 of the roller 103 supported in or on a sub-frame 128.1 fixed relative to the space or the frame.

[0135] For all the above-mentioned embodiments with movable sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, these sub-frames are preferably movable on linear guides 112; 112', which can be provided with their own guide segments 138, for example rails 138, for each movable sub-frame 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, or with continuous guides 138 or rails 138 for two or more movable adjacent sub-frames 128.2; 128.4. The sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can have support feet 139 that are designed on the bottom side corresponding to the guide segments 138 or guides 138 and, for example, include sliding bodies or rolling bodies.

[0136] Rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 can in principle be supported in a torsionally fixed manner on the corresponding shafts in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the corresponding sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, via corresponding bearings 151 or advantageously, for example, as in Figures 18 to 22 as well as Fig.25 , Fig.26 and Fig.28 As can be seen in the figure, the bearing 151 is rotatably supported by a journal at the end in a bearing 151, in particular a radial bearing 151, which in turn is arranged in or on the relevant frame wall 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4.

[0137] In this preferred embodiment, the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which are arranged adjacent to each other and can be moved relative to each other, can be moved towards each other in the adjustment direction, in particular can be clamped, and can be moved away from each other or at least released again on each frame side via at least one drive mechanism 132; 132'; 133; 133', in particular via at least one adjustment device 141; 165 comprising a drive mechanism 132; 132'; 133; 133' and, if necessary, via other mechanisms for transmitting adjustment movements or adjustment forces, preferably via two or at least two adjustment devices 141, in particular a traction device 141, for example in the form of a clamping device 141, so as to be movable towards each other, in particular can be clamped, and can be moved away from each other or at least released again. Here, the traction device 141 can be designed so that not only the above-mentioned traction force can be applied through the traction device, but also, if necessary, a force pointing in the opposite direction and / or moving the sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 away from each other, for example a thrust acting between the sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be applied. In this case, the mutually facing sides of adjacent and mutually movable sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are designed correspondingly to each other, for example, so that adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 carried by the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example, are moved with their active shell surfaces into the relative position desired for operation when the stop mechanism 119 is adjusted accordingly, whereby the desired gap width b104; b104' or the gap width b104; b104' adjusted based on the load is optionally present. The contents explained here for the first gap 104; 104' will be transferred to the adjustment of the second gap 107 and its gap width b107 accordingly for the case of the second gap 107 adjusted based on the position.

[0138] In an advantageous embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' having a multi-part sub-frame 128, at least one adjustment drive device 109; 109' which realizes adjustment, for example change, of the position and / or the contact force between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and includes a drive mechanism 132; 133 is designed in a position-based manner, for example positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, or in a particularly advantageous embodiment, can optionally operate in a position-based manner, for example force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable, or in a position-based manner, for example positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable.

[0139] In this case, in a first embodiment variant (see for example Figures 18 to 22) For example, as a drive mechanism 133, there is provided a drive mechanism 133 that is coupled to a sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying a first roller 102; 102' and a sub-frame 128.1; 128.2 carrying a second roller 103; 103'; 106 and is operable or operable based on force, in particular capable of operating or operable in a force-controllable or force-adjustable manner, in particular a cylinder-piston system 133 loadable with a pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically, and at least one sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying a first roller 102; 102' and a sub-frame 128.1 carrying a second roller 103; 103'; 106; 128.2 and, for example, adjustable or controllable by means of an adjustment and / or drive mechanism 146 and / or by means of an adjustment motor 155, which, if necessary, can be controlled or adjusted in terms of its stop effect, for example, can be introduced into the adjustment stroke selectively and / or in a manner that more or less defines the stroke. In principle, any, preferably adjustable, stop mechanism 119 can be provided as a stop mechanism 119, by means of which the contact movement between two associated sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be defined and preferably adjusted in relation to the end position. This can be, for example, one or more stops 119 based on corresponding threads, which can be moved, in particular rotatable, manually or by means of a remotely operated adjustment and / or drive mechanism 146, if necessary, by means of a transmission and / or by means of an adjustment motor 155 to a desired position. In this preferred embodiment, as stop means 119, stop means 119 based on a wedge drive, for example, strips which are wedge-shaped in opposite directions, which cooperate with opposite sides in pairs and have a thickness which varies in opposite directions, are provided. For adjustment, it is sufficient that, for example, one of the wedge-shaped strips is displaced or displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the pair of strips relative to the other strip by a suitable adjustment and / or drive mechanism 146, for example a motor-driven adjustment drive 146, for example consisting of a screw drive, or a motor-driven toothed rack. With such a stop means 119, a very sensitive change of the end position to be defined by the stop means 119 can be achieved with a large length of the cooperating side faces and a small gradient in thickness.

[0140] In a preferred embodiment, at least one adjustment drive device 109; 109' which realizes a change and / or abutment force between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second roller gap 107; 107' and includes a drive mechanism 132; 133 is designed based on force or, in a particularly preferred embodiment, can be operated optionally based on force or based on position. Here, for example, provided as the drive mechanism 133 are a drive mechanism 133 which indirectly or directly engages two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 forming the second roller 107; 107' therebetween and operates or can be operated based on force, in particular in a force-controllable or force-adjustable manner, in particular a cylinder-piston system 133 loadable with a pressure fluid, preferably hydraulically, and at least one stop mechanism 119 acting between the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 and adjustable by means of a control and / or drive mechanism 146. The stop mechanism 119 can be designed in the above-described manner or in a manner different therefrom, but with regard to its stop effect it can be at least adjusted, for example controllable or adjustable.

[0141] The drive mechanism 133 can be indirectly or directly connected to two adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' in that, on the one hand, one active side end of each of the drive mechanisms 132; 133, for example, a piston or a piston rod 142 of a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 which can be loaded with a pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically, and which can be operated or operated in a force-controllable or position-adjustable manner, and / or on the other hand, one end of the cylinder 166 is, for example, directly connected to the corresponding sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or the corresponding roller 102; 103; 102'; 103'. However, the connection can also be indirect, for example, via another mechanism for transmitting the adjustment movement and / or the adjustment force, such as a one-piece or multi-piece transmission element that extends or extends the piston 167 or the piston rod 142 on the one hand and / or the cylinder body 166 on the other hand, which can withstand traction and / or thrust loads, for example in the form of a pull rod and / or a push rod. Here, the corresponding connection of the adjustment device 141 including the drive mechanism 133 or directly the drive mechanism 133 itself, for example, through a thrust plate and / or a traction plate 143; 144, determines the joint surface for the action of the drive mechanism 132; 133 in this sense. Preferably, from the adjustment direction, the two active ends of the adjustment device 141 or the drive mechanism 133 included therein are connected to the corresponding subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 not only in a tensile manner but also in a compressive manner. In addition to approaching each other, this also achieves active distance from each other.

[0142] In a preferred embodiment, between two or each two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, at least one adjustment device 141; 165, which comprises a drive mechanism 132; 133 and realizes a relative adjustment movement and / or traction force between the two sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular the above-mentioned traction device 141; 165, for example in the form of a clamping device 141; 165, engages the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in such a way that the adjustment device engages the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is fed toward each other with a force into a predetermined gap width b104 soll The relative position or abutment degree related to the relative position or abutment force and / or the relative position and / or the abutment force are maintained constant by a force which is opposite to the adjustment direction of the powdered material 004 or the coated carrier substrate 006, if necessary, except for different provisions regarding the relative position and / or the abutment force to be maintained. That is, a traction force can be introduced into the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 by a drive mechanism 132; 133 which is adjustable or controllable or adjustable, for example, based on position or force, and this force adjusts the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' to the desired gap width b104 based on position. sollIn the case of a desired contact force or in the case of a force-based adjustment, it is possible to move against the opposing force caused by the material 004 or the product strip 002 or to hold it in such a force. Compared to applying a pure thrust force from the outside to one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, it is advantageous that the contact force acts only on the relevant roller gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' and, for example, by the possible co-produced squeezing of the other roller 103'; 106 by the second roller 103, a force is additionally and uncontrolled applied to the adjacent, for example, second gap 107; 107', as viewed in the adjustment direction. At least one drive mechanism 132; 133 or an adjustment device 141; 165 including a drive mechanism 132; 133 engages mutually adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with its two active sides or active ends, in particular in such a way that, in order to adjust the associated gaps 104; 104'; 107 between adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', the adjustment device applies adjustment forces towards each other to these rollers or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, i.e., a traction force causing a movement and / or abutment force is introduced between the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which brings about the above-mentioned advantages.

[0143] Thus, in the advantageous solution proposed here, between two or each two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, one or more adjustment devices 141, for example the above-mentioned, with a drive mechanism 132; 133, engage with the adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with their respective active ends, i.e. the ends of the drive mechanism 132; 133 or the adjustment device 141 which can be changed by a certain distance from each other and / or by a traction force applied between them, so that for example a position-based or force-based adjustment can be achieved between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames. 103' or the relative movement between the sub-frames and / or the traction force of the contact force between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' is introduced so that the adjustment device 141 or the drive mechanism 132; 133 pulls the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 closer to each other for example based on position or based on force adjustment.

[0144] In accordance with Figures 18 to 22 In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to adjust the first and second gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107', a drive mechanism 133 that operates or can be operated based on force, in particular in a force-controllable or force-adjustable manner, and / or a drive mechanism 133 that is designed as a cylinder-piston system 133 that can be loaded with a pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically, is preferably provided. Such a cylinder-piston system 133 is preferably constructed or designed so that a force of at least 20 kN, preferably at least 50 kN, can be loaded in the relevant roll gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' through the cylinder-piston system. Preferably, at least two such cylinder-piston systems 133 that act between two adjacent sub-frames are provided on each frame side, wherein, through the integrity of these systems, for example, a force or a linear force can be applied.

[0145] Rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 can in principle be supported in a rotationally fixed manner on the corresponding shafts in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the corresponding sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, or advantageously, for example, as in Figures 18 to 22 and Fig.25 , Fig.26 and Fig.28As shown in the figure, the roller journal at the end is rotatably supported in a bearing 151 designed as a radial bearing 151, wherein the bearing 151 is in turn arranged or disposed in or on the relevant frame wall 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4. In both cases, viewed in the axial direction, the roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 or its roller journal or shaft is effectively supported radially over a width b151 of the bearing 151, which is determined by one or more rows of bearing elements supporting the roller journal or shaft toward the relevant subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. In the case of a rotatable radial bearing 151, this can be one or more rows of rolling elements or sliding surfaces arranged in the circumferential direction. In this case, the effective support width b151 is generated by the distance between the two outer edges of a single row of bearing elements or two outer rows of bearing elements.

[0146] In an embodiment which is particularly advantageous, for example with regard to the smallest possible deformation, on two or each two adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which can be varied in terms of the distance between each other and / or the contact force between each other, the adjustment device 141; 165 engages with its two active ends whose distance between each other can be varied in such a way that the same plane G extending perpendicularly to the axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' of at least one sub-frame supported in the two adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular extending within the width of the frame wall, at least with the rollers 102; 103; supported in the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4; 102'; 103'; 106; 106', respectively, the effective support width b151, viewed in the axial direction, of the bearings 102'; 103'; 106; 106' intersects also the joint surface of the corresponding subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which is formed in the region of the active end, for example the push and / or traction plate 143; 144, which is supported on the end side of the adjustment device 141; 165 on the corresponding subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or is fixed thereto, in particular the entire working cross section, that is, the effective piston or cylinder inner cross section in the cylinder 166, which, for example, forms the drive mechanism 133 from the cylinder-piston system 133. This ensures that the traction stress acts in the alignment of the support and avoids tilting in the bearing 151 caused by the traction stress.

[0147] In a preferred embodiment, for all the embodiments of the application unit 101; 101' or the double application unit 101; 101' described in combination with the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, there is also another design of a one-piece or multi-piece frame 128, in which the rollers 102; 103; 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106'; 106' are arranged relative to each other at least in the operating position in such a way that their rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' intersect the same connecting straight line in at least one radial directrix. This embodiment should also be understood as having one or more rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' arranged slightly inclined to each other in the manner described, wherein the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' are preferably supported in the middle area of ​​the corresponding roller length at least along the same connecting straight line.

[0148] For a force-based drive 133 or adjustment drive 133, the force applied by the drive 133 is preferably adjustable, in particular controllable or adjustable. In the case of a cylinder-piston system 133 using a pressure fluid, for example compressed air or preferably a pressure fluid (for example oil under overpressure), the pressure of the pressure fluid provided by the pressure source is adjustable, in particular controllable or adjustable, at least within the adjustment range required for operation, for example via a pressure control valve or a pump which can be controlled or regulated with respect to the pressure to be provided on the output side.

[0149] In the case of a force-controlled or controllable or regulated second roller gap 107; 107' and a position-controlled or regulated, controlled or regulated first roller gap 104; 104', at least the corresponding first roller 102; 102' or its subframe 131.3; 131.4 is not fixed in position in the adjustment direction within the scope of production operation, but is movable or freely supported at least within an adjustment range of, for example, at least ±5 µm. As a result, the first roller 102; 102' can be moved forward if the distance d104; d104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' fluctuates due to possible slight fluctuations in the material density.

[0150] In principle, independently of, but in combination with, one of the above-mentioned designs, variants, constructions, embodiments or improvements of the application unit 101; 101' and / or the coating device 100; 100* and / or the machine structure and / or the frame 128, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' are supported or can be supported with their rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R102'; R103; R102'; R103' generally or in at least one operating condition, tilted to each other, i.e. non-parallel (see, for example, Fig.23 Here, however, the axes of rotation preferably extend in two parallel planes.

[0151] If such a bearing is generally implemented without the possibility of variation, an inclined arrangement is already conceivable when the bearing 151 is arranged in a one-piece or multi-piece machine frame 128 . 1 , 128 . 2 , 128 . 3 , 128 . 4 .

[0152] However, the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' are preferably tiltable towards each other, ie can be tilted from a parallel position to opposite or different tilt angles α. Here, for example, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', in particular the second roller 103, 103', is fixed in space in the distribution of its R102; R102', R103; R103' orientation in space depending on the operating situation, although the rollers can be moved parallel in space without changing the inclination, while another roller of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', in particular the first roller 102; 102', is supported so that its rotation axis R102; R102' is tilted relative to its rotation axis R102; 102'; 103; 103' orientation in space and / or relative to the direction of the rotation axis R103; R103'; R102; R102' of another roller 103; 103';102; 102', in particular the second roller 103; 103'. The pivoting here preferably takes place about an actual or imaginary pivot axis which, for example, is located in a plane comprising the rotation axes R102; R102'; R103; R103' of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or preferably extends perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or intersects their rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'.

[0153] This tilting can in principle be achieved directly by a special design of the bearing for accommodating the tiltable roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' in the frame 128. Thus, for example, a bearing 151, for example a bearing 151 comprising an eccentric, can be provided on at least one side, preferably on both sides, by means of which the radial position of the relevant axis of rotation R102; R103, R102'; R103' in the bearing 151 can be varied. Alternatively, a radially movable bearing can be provided on the frame 128 on one side or preferably on both sides, by means of which the bearing location in question can be radially varied.

[0154] Preferably, the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' are supported in or on different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example on the first and / or second application unit 101; 101', according to the embodiments of the multiple sub-frames 128 described above or below, for example, wherein one of the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102' is generally, that is, connected to the corresponding frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, one or more crossbeams 136; 137 and the rollers 102; 103; 102' supported therein; 103 'together, about a pivot axis S perpendicular to its axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' extending and at least in the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' of the maximum effective width of the roller intersecting with the pivot axis S can be pivoted (see for example Figures 18 to 20 and Figure 22 to Figure 25 ).

[0155] In an advantageous embodiment, the pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is supported on at least two support locations 153 spaced apart from each other on arcs K extending in the circumferential direction about the pivot axis S, wherein the support portions are at a radius R S The inner portion is located on an arc K extending around the pivot axis S and / or determining the position of the pivot axis S (see for example Fig.24 The bearing point 153 is formed, for example, by a sliding body or preferably a rolling element 153, for example a roller, which is arranged in two spaced-apart bearing seats 147. The roller can rotate about an axis parallel to the pivot axis S. The radius R of the arc K SFor example, greater than half of the entire maximum available width of the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' pivoted together with the subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. This enables a large adjustment stroke to be achieved for minimal tilt changes.

[0156] The bearing seat 147 is supported, for example, on a guide 138 extending perpendicularly to the rotation axis R102; R103, R102'; R103' of the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' supported by a pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and on which it, together with the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 supported thereon, can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103, R102'; R103'.

[0157] In a preferred embodiment, the bearing 153 for supporting the pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 cooperates with a bearing surface 154 facing the bearing 153, the bearing 153 being arranged in the lower region of the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular in the region of the lower end of at least one of the two associated frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, and / or having a surface supported on at least one bearing 153, which surface has a contour that is curved in the shape of a circular arc at least in the adjustment range, at least in the circumferential direction of the arc K. The radius of curvature preferably corresponds to the above-mentioned radius R S .

[0158] In principle, the pivoting can be effected manually, but preferably a drive mechanism, in particular one which can be remotely operated, is used, by means of which the relevant sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be pivoted.

[0159] The pivot angle or inclination angle α is, for example, an angle between 0.1° and 2.0°, in particular between 0.5° and 1.5°, preferably 1.0°. The adjustment range of the pivoting can then be, for example, from 0° to at least 1°, advantageously from 0° to at least 1.5°, or even from 0° to 2.0° or possibly a larger range.

[0160] The above contents concerning the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 pivotable about the pivot axis S apply to all embodiments proposed for the dividing frame 128; 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, but with the proviso that a simple sub-frame 128.1; 128.3, i.e. a first or second roller 102; 103 of an application unit 101 for single-sided application, in particular a simple first roller 102, or a double application unit 101; 101' having two application units 101; 101', a first or second roller 102; 103 of which is arranged for single-sided application, or a sub-frame 128.1; 128.3; 128.2; 128.4 pivotable in the manner described above and advantageously provided with the above-mentioned mechanism.

[0161] Regardless of whether the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' are pivoted together with or not with the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the pivot axis S is preferably located in the plane of the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or extends at least perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', advantageously perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', and / or at least perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable rollers 102; 103; The rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable roller 102; 102'; 103' intersects advantageously with the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'. The pivot axis S of the pivotable roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' advantageously intersects with the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', advantageously with the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; 103'. The first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', R103', are preferably spaced apart from the center in a middle region, i.e., for example, at most 15% of the available length, or intersect in particular at the center level of the maximum available roller width. In the preferred embodiment shown, the pivoting movement of the axis of rotation R102; R103, R102'; R103' takes place in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis S, which plane does not move in the direction of the pivot axis during the pivoting and / or the pivot axis does not change its position in space. This makes it possible to pivot independently of the contact and separation and vice versa.

[0162] In an alternative embodiment of the above-described embodiment of the adjustment drive 109; 109', the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' or the roller gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107', in particular the associated or corresponding first roller 102; 102', and / or the gap width b104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be adjusted based on position, for example, operated or operable in a position-controlled or position-controlled manner, the first and second rollers 102; 103 relative to each other or their adjustment drive 109; 109' includes one or more drive mechanisms 132 that operate or can be operated in a position-controllable or position-adjustable manner, wherein, for example, a defined and / or predeterminable position can be assumed by itself or by corresponding control or adjustment.

[0163] In a particularly advantageous embodiment shown here, a drive mechanism 132 which is operated or operable in a position-controllable or adjustably manner based on a stroke or based on a position-adjustable adjustment drive 109 is controlled and / or regulated or controllable and / or controllable by a position-controlled drive, for example a drive controlling a rotor or in particular a piston 167, is controlled and / or regulated or controllable and / or controllable by a control or regulation value and is controlled and / or regulated or controllable and / or controllable by a pressure fluid, in particular a hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132, in particular with respect to the position of the piston 167, piston position for short, with respect to a value determined by the gap width b104 or with respect to and / or representing the gap width b104, and is formed as an adjustment drive (see, for example, Fig.25 and Fig.26 ). In principle, this corresponds to an external value, such as the nominal gap width b104 soll Or another quantity related to and / or representing it, for example using the piston position itself - the piston 167 of the cylinder-piston system 132 viewed in the actuation direction is controlled and / or regulated in a defined manner with respect to its position by means of a setpoint or reference quantity, and in particular in a position presented by a change, for example in the working area, regardless of the force of the piston changing in its direction of movement, for example, a new change is intentionally brought about on the input side by means of a new setting point provision. Although the piston 167 is controllable or regulated with respect to its absolute position, it must at least be positionable in a defined manner by means of an associated control and / or regulating mechanism 156 and be able to be maintained in this position by means of a corresponding control or regulation. The cylinder-piston system 132 is particularly designed to be double-acting, i.e. the piston 167 can be acted upon by pressure fluid from both sides.

[0164] The value associated with and / or representing the gap width b104 can in principle be any measured value that describes the size of the adjustment movement, the change in the orientation of the measuring point or the distance that changes during the adjustment, such as the piston position, the roller-fixed measuring point or the distance between moving points in the transmission system.

[0165] Specifically, the adjustment drive 109 thus includes a path- or position-based positioning of the gap 104 as an adjustment drive, that is, as a drive mechanism 132, the hydraulic cylinder-piston system 132 can be operated or operable, in particular controlled or adjusted, by an adjustment drive formed by an adjustment mechanism 164; 164* relative to a rated or command value formed by the gap width b104 or a value related to and / or representing the gap width b104.

[0166] In this case, the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132 which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to a piston position relative to a setpoint or reference value can in principle be controlled or controllable to a predetermined or predeterminable gap width b104 or a value representing the gap width b104 as a setpoint gap width b104. soll Control chain S b as a component of or as a function of the nominal gap width b104 soll The regulation loop R b The predetermined or predeterminable gap width b104 or the dimension representing the gap width b104 should be adjusted or set to the rated gap width b104. soll (See, for example, Figure 26 to Figure 29 ).

[0167] The adjusting mechanism 164; 164* is preferably an adjusting member together with the cylinder-piston system 132 used as an actuator, together with the sensor device 157 for detecting the gap width b104 or a value related to the gap width b104 and / or representing the gap width b104, together with the adjusting mechanism 164; 164* and the control device 171, for example, the regulator 171 for short, which is a regulating loop R bThe component of the gap width b104 can be adjusted as a reference value by the controller 171 to obtain and maintain the rated width b104. The drive including the cylinder-piston system 132, the adjustment mechanism 164; 164* and the controller 171 as a whole forms, for example, here in particular a position or position adjustment or controllable hydraulic drive, in particular a servo-hydraulic adjustment drive or drive. The term "control device 171" or "controller 171" is used here to include, in addition to the controller circuit or logic itself, any power supply, amplifier stage, etc. that may be required for this purpose. The adjustment mechanism 164; 164* together with the control device 171 acting thereon can be summarized as one of the terms adjustment device 156, for example, the adjustment device 156 itself can be shown in a partially simplified manner in the figure.

[0168] In the case of control, for example via a control chain S b It may be possible for the control mechanism of the drive mechanism 132 to give a defined piston position, or a defined change in an assumed piston position, for example by providing an integrated position sensor in the cylinder-piston system 132 itself, by means of which the control chain S can be realized. b Provisions provided.

[0169] In the case of a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controllable or adjustable with respect to the piston position towards another external dimension, such as gap width b104, layer thickness d003 or grammage FG, the cylinder-piston system is integrated into a corresponding control chain S b ; S F ; S d ; S" d or with corresponding external sensors or external measuring systems R b ;R d ; R" d ; R F Then, for example, the specified nominal gap width b104 soll or piston position via control chain S related to external dimensions b ; S F ; S d ; S" d Or regulation loop R b ; R d ; R" d ; R F Change accordingly.

[0170] The drive mechanism 132 that is operated or operable in a position-controlled or controllable manner has no effect on the rated gap width b104. sollWhether or not the values ​​related thereto and / or indicating them are used as setpoint or reference values ​​for positioning the piston 167 are preferably formed by the above-described hydraulically operated or operable cylinder-piston system 132 of at least one cylinder 166, wherein the piston 167 movable in the cylinder 166 fluidically separates at least two chambers 168; 169 from each other. The piston 167 acts on a piston rod 142 which is led out of the cylinder 166 at the end via suitable seals and can be designed as a single piece or extended in a tensile and compressive manner by one or more traction rods and / or push rods.

[0171] In this preferred embodiment, the piston position is controlled and / or regulated by the above-mentioned setpoint or reference value of the hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132, in particular the cylinder-piston system 132, regardless of the setpoint gap width b104. soll The gap width b104 of the form still represents the gap width b104 soll The gap width b104 in the form of or a value representing the gap width b104 and / or a value related to the gap width and / or a value representing the gap width are used as a rated or reference value for positioning the piston 167, the chambers 168; 169 separated from each other by the piston 169 are metered and / or selectively loaded with more or less pressure fluid to a defined extent by the adjustment mechanism 164; 164* via the pressure medium pipeline 158; 159, in particular, so that the position or posture of the piston depends on the inflow and outflow in the chamber 168; 169 in a defined manner in the cylinder body. The piston rod 142 extending from the cylinder 166 or its possibly extended active end protrudes, wherein, for example, the cylinder 166 is indirectly or directly arranged on the roller 102 forming the first gap 104; 103, for example the first roller 102, and the piston rod 142 - possibly via an extension - indirectly or directly engages the other roller 103; 102 of the adjacent pair of rollers 102, 103, for example the second roller 103, or vice versa. This is due to the action length of the drive mechanism 132, in particular the cylinder-piston system 132, or the change in the action length, which is due to the change in the position of the piston 167 in the cylinder 166, and therefore to the change in the distance between the engagement points of the drive mechanism 132 or the adjustment device 141 including the drive mechanism 132 on the two rollers 102; 103 or their subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0172] The corresponding chamber 168; 169 can optionally be loaded with additional pressure fluid via the adjustment mechanism 164; 164* when necessary, ie when adjustment is required, and the other chamber 169; 168 removes the pressure medium or discharges it by squeezing it out according to the volume to be released.

[0173] In an advantageous first embodiment (see, for example, Fig.26 and Fig. 27 ), the adjustment mechanism 164 used as an adjustment member can be composed of an adjustable or switchable valve 164, in particular a multi-way valve 164, for example a reversing valve 164 for short, through which, according to the selected switching state s0; s1; s2; s3, in the first switching state s1, for example the holding state s1, no chamber 168; 169 is or can be applied with additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, or in the second switching state s2, for example the first conduction state s2, one of the chambers is or can be applied with additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, or in the third switching state s3, for example the second channel state s3, another chamber 168; 169 is or can be applied with additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, and preferably at the same time another chamber 169; 168 is or can be correspondingly relieved of load or can be relieved of load by discharging into the reservoir R. Preferably, a pressure fluid source P, for example a pressure medium container containing a pressure fluid, can be supplied again with a hydraulic working fluid under overpressure, for example hydraulic oil, from a reservoir R, for example at the ambient pressure level or at least at a pressure level below the working pressure level in the cylinder 166, via a corresponding pump or compressor. The first or maintaining switching state s1, which relates to maintaining the state achieved, should also include embodiments in which a flow, in particular a small and / or possibly adjustable flow, can be achieved in both chambers 168; 169 in order to compensate for any losses caused by leakage and thus maintain the assumed piston position and / or the existing pressure despite the leakage. In this regard, in the maintaining switching state s1, the two chambers 168; 169 are not in fluid communication with the pressure fluid source P at all, or may not be in fluid communication with the pressure fluid source P, in particular to a small degree or a throttling degree. Since the purpose of the maintaining state s1 is to achieve a balance between the two chambers 168; 169 in a manner in which the piston 167 does not move to one side or the other, this can also be referred to here as a balanced state. Specifically, in the holding state s1, there is no or no significant pressure difference between the chambers 168; 169, so that the piston 167 remains stationary in the assumed position.

[0174] In the second or third switching state s2; s3, the position of the piston 167 and thus the active end connected to the piston 167 can be changed to a defined extent in the cylinder 166 by the targeted and / or metered supply of pressure fluid into one of the chambers 168; 169, in particular by simultaneously removing pressure fluid from the other chamber 169; 168. The cylinder-piston system 132 is an active component and is, for example, operatively connected to these rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, so that the distance can be changed in a defined manner when viewed in the adjustment direction.

[0175] In the case preferred here and as described above, the adjustment device 141 acting on or between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with their active ends is dosed into the chamber 169 on the side of the piston rod 142, the active length of the cylinder-piston system 132 is shortened and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are placed towards each other by traction, for example when dosed into the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142, the active length increases and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are placed towards each other by traction, for example when dosed into the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142, the active length increases and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are separated and closed from each other by pushing pressure.

[0176] For the case not shown here, in which the adjustment device for position- or path-based adjustment is designed and arranged so that adjustment takes place or is possible by pressing one roller in the direction of the other roller, in the opposite way, one roller will separate from the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one separates from the other roller when the metered quantity enters the chamber 169 on the side of the piston rod 142. The sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are placed away from each other by traction and, for example, when the metered quantity enters the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142, one roller is adjusted in the direction of the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one is adjusted in the direction of the other sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0177] For example Fig. 27As shown, the reversing valve 164, for example as a four-position four-way valve 164, additionally has a fourth switching state s4, i.e., a switching state s4, in which the two chambers 168; 169 are connected to the reservoir R via a return portion, and are then switched to decompression, for example. The reversing valve 164 is preferably designed so that the fourth switching state s4 also represents the basic switching state s4, and the reversing valve 164 returns to the basic switching state s4 when the adjustment drive 176 is not working. In the case of this fourth switching state s4, the throttling device is only symbolically indicated, for example, the throttling device can provide a so-called pipeline choke. This means that when the cylinder-piston system 132 is decompressed, for example, when the operation is terminated, a sudden load release can be avoided.

[0178] Independently of this or advantageously in addition to the above, in an advantageous embodiment, the directional or multi-way valve 164 can not only be binary switched in at least one of its active switching states to pass or block, but can also be binary switched in the form of a proportional valve 164, in particular as a proportional reversing valve 164, for at least one, preferably for two passing states s2; s3, through which the fluid flows relative to the proportional valve 164 in the relevant switching state s2; s3. The flow rate and / or can be controlled or regulated according to the fluid pressure applied to the output side. In this advantageous embodiment, in the above case, the reversing valve 164 is preferably a proportional reversing valve 164. The fourth switching state s4 is, for example, as a four-position four-way proportional reversing valve 164, in addition to one of the above, also by the valve, in particular by adjusting the drive device 176. The holding state S1, the second switching state s2, in particular the first channel state s2 whose flow rate and / or output pressure can be changed, and / or the third switching state S3, in particular the second channel state s3 whose flow rate and / or output pressure can be changed.

[0179] Regardless of the design, the reversing valve 164 or its adjustment drive 176 is a reversing valve 164 with only a binary channel state s2; s3 or a reversing valve 164 with at least one, preferably two, opening degrees such as flow and / or output pressure, a variable channel state s2; s3 or a channel state s2; s3 that can be adjusted by the adjustment drive 176, which can be formed, for example, by a motor or preferably by a controllable electromagnet 176. The reversing valve 164 is preferably controlled by the controller 171 as a control loop R mentioned below b ; R d ;R” d ; R F The components are controlled or controllable, or, if necessary, in the case of a path- or position-based adjustment of the gap 104 involved, can be controlled by a correspondingly arranged control device and an internal control loop related to the piston position via the relationship between the piston position and the gap width b104.

[0180] Independently of the specific embodiment of the upper valve 164 , the cylinder-piston system 132 together with the directional valve 164 and a control unit 171 acting on the directional valve 164 forms, for example, a so-called servo-hydraulic actuating drive 132 , 164 .

[0181] In order to provide and maintain a specific gap width b104 when pressing the powder 004; 004 into the film 007, an overpressure of, for example, at least 100 bar, preferably at least 150 bar, in particular at least 200 bar, is provided by the compressed air source P pressure fluid, where 1 bar = 100 kPa. The same applies to the drive mechanism 133 of the first embodiment, which is designed as a cylinder-piston system 133 and in which it works against the stop mechanism 119. For path-based positioning, this ensures that, for example, the gap width b104 remains constant, despite the large amount of material that may be squeezed in the film-forming gap 104; in force-based adjustment, this ensures the feasibility of high compaction and / or strong squeezing with the carrier substrate 006 in the application gap 107.

[0182] In an alternative embodiment, the adjusting mechanism 164* (see, for example, Fig.28 ), which is designed as a pump 164*, which is driven by a motor, in particular a servomotor, in particular reversible, and can be adjusted and / or regulated, in particular with respect to a defined, in particular volume-related delivery volume, by which the pressurized fluid is delivered to one or the other chamber 168; 169 or from the other chamber 169; 168. Depending on the design of the cylinder-piston system 132, additional elements such as expansion tanks and / or valves can be provided. The cylinder-piston system 132 together with the servomotor-driven pump 164* and possibly further components, such as a control 171 acting on the pump 164*, such as a so-called servohydraulic actuator 132, 164*.

[0183] For example, in the case of a hydraulic drive 132 for adjusting the gap width b104, the adjusting mechanism 164 is loaded directly on the input side with a load representing the desired gap width b104. soll corresponding control commands.

[0184] For all embodiments with a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 that can be acted upon by a pressure medium, an emergency shut-off is advantageously provided, in particular because high pressure is maintained and excessive abutment forces are prevented, by means of a pressure sensor 177, when one or the first roller abuts against the adjacent other or the second roller 103; 103'; 102; 102', the pressure sensor 177 detects that the cylinder-piston system 132; 133 is provided with a pipeline path for supplying pressure fluid, and a switching logic implemented in the control device and connected to the signal of the pressure sensor 177, when the pipeline supplies one roller to the adjacent other roller, due to the pressure in the pipeline path rising above a threshold value, so that, for example, when the above-mentioned device is used, the pressure medium supply of the cylinder-piston system 132; 133 is depressurized. For example, when the above-mentioned device is used, the reversing valve 164 is switched to the switching state s4 of depressurization, or to an operating mode that causes shutdown. The reversing valve 164 is switched to the switching state s2 of closing. The pressure sensor 177 can be arranged in the line connection 159 or, as shown, in the valve internal outlet-side line path. The switching logic can be integrated into the control device 171 controlling the reversing valve 164, for example as a loop or as a software routine.

[0185] In a preferred embodiment of the hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132 for adjusting the gap width b104, the adjusting mechanism 164 or the adjusting drive device 176 for adjusting the adjusting mechanism 164 (regardless of whether it is designed as a reversing valve 164 or a pump 164) is supplied with an adjustment command from the controller 171 on the input side, and the controller compares the gap width b104 determined by the sensor device 157 with the required or specified gap width b104. soll , for example, rated gap width b104 soll The gap width b104 is compared and, based on the deviation, a corresponding adjustment command is sent to the adjustment mechanism 164 or its adjustment drive device to increase or decrease the gap width b104 soll For the gap width b104 to be compared; b104 soll , should also be the corresponding gap width b104; b104 should include representative values.

[0186] The controller 171 receives the determined gap width b104 indirectly or directly from the sensor device 157, which provides the measured value of the gap width b104 or the gap width 104, if necessary via an evaluation device 161 provided specifically for the sensor device 157 used. The preferred sensor device 157 used here comprises two sensors 157.1; 157.2, for example capacitive sensors 157.1; 157.2, which are directed to the shortest distance line between the two rollers 102; 103 on the cylindrical roller surface of one of the two rollers 102; 103 or to a rotationally symmetrical rotating cylindrical measuring surface, for example a so-called measuring ring, on one of the respective rollers 102, 103 about its rotation axis R102; R103. Sensors 157.1; 157.2 each output a distance or a quantity representing the distance as a measured value, the sum of which is related to one of the calibration measurements, for example a gap width of zero or a smaller calibration thickness, and a determined reference value, for example after a corresponding evaluation in the evaluation device 161, provides the actual gap width b104 or a dimensional value representing it.

[0187] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one such hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132 is located indirectly or directly between the first and second rollers 102 , 103 on each frame side, but preferably there are two or, if necessary, even more such drive mechanisms 132 on each frame side.

[0188] In the case of multiple sub-frames 128 for adjusting the individual movable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106 or for the movable sub-frames 128.1; 128.3; 128.4, a linear adjustment stroke is provided and / or an adjustment stroke with a possible adjustment range of multiple, for example at least 2 mm, in particular or even at least 4 mm, is provided, for example despite the small thickness of the dry film 003; 003' or the product strip 002. The latter can provide a sufficiently large parking space for maintenance purposes or accidents.

[0189] Although the path- or position-based adjustment drive 109 is explained in conjunction with the first gap 104 which is preferably used for this purpose, what has been explained must also apply accordingly if the second gap 107 is also to be adjusted or regulated path- or position-based.

[0190] Even if only reference numerals without underlining are used to describe the adjustment drive, if a second, first gap 1034 ′ is present, this should also be transferred to the corresponding adjustment drive 109 ′ with a reference numeral with a prime.

[0191] In principle, the design of the corresponding adjustment drive 109; 109' engaged between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' of a pair of rollers with active ends according to the first embodiment has a force-based adjustment drive 133 and a stop mechanism 119, and in the second embodiment, i.e., has one or more hydraulically operated drive mechanisms 132, which are controlled and / or adjusted relative to the piston position, applied to the arrangement of the rollers 102, 103; 102; 103' in the integrated frame 128 and / or are respectively engaged and adjustably supported on the side walls of the integrated or multi-sub frame 128 and support the rollers 102 to be placed using bearings or bearing blocks. For example, the roller 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' to be placed can be rotatably accommodated with roller journals on both sides in a bearing or a bearing block, which can be supported on the frame 128, a frame part or a chassis so as to be linearly movable along the adjustment direction.

[0192] However, this arrangement of the adjustment drive 109; 109' is preferably also combined with a multi-sub-frame 128 of multiple sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in a second embodiment of the adjustment drive in combination with one of the above, the above being used to design the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and / or to configure a single or double application unit and / or one of the pivot rollers 102, 103, in particular the first roller 102, and / or to engage in plane G and / or form a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' for the second roller gap 107, after which the second gap 107 is adjusted between the roller 103'; 107 used as the pressing roller 103'; 107 and the first roller 102 or other rollers in between. Preferably, in the manner of the above-mentioned first embodiment, the force-based or combined adjustment drive device 111 has at least one drive mechanism 133, which can operate or be operated based on force, in particular can operate or be operated in a force-controllable or force-adjustable manner, for example, the drive mechanism 133 is provided with one or preferably multiple cylinder-piston systems 133 and, if necessary, an adjustable stop 119.

[0193] In a preferred embodiment, at least one drive mechanism 132 or an adjustment device 165 including a drive mechanism 132 engages with its two active sides or active ends on the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or on their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 to engage the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, specifically, in a particular manner: in order to adjust the gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', adjustment forces are applied to these or their sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 towards each other, i.e. on the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which brings about the above-mentioned advantage that the force generated by the position-based adjustment only acts on the relevant first roller gap 104; 104' and not additionally on the second gap 104; 104', such as may occur when the outer roller 102; 102' is subjected to a force from the outside. In the solution proposed here, the corresponding drive mechanism 132 or the adjustment device 165 including the drive mechanism 132 is each indirectly or directly connected to one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one of its sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, and is indirectly or directly connected to the other effective end on the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or its sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, thereby determining the relative position and / or the abutment force applied between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'.

[0194] The principle of an adjustment device 141, in particular a traction device 141, engaged between rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', for example the principle presented in the form of a clamping device 141, by which the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be brought closer to each other or loaded with forces towards each other in order to abut or adjust the approach in an adjustment direction, in particular for the first and second embodiments of the adjustment drive 141; 165 or the drive mechanism 132, 133, of course, should be understood or applied to the following solution, in which the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' that are moved towards each other are not indirectly located in a relatively movable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, but are additionally in the frame 128, the secondary frame or the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. In this case, for example, at least one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' pulled toward each other can be supported in or on the relevant frame 128, subframe or subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in the adjustment direction. The adjustable roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' can advantageously be supported in a linear bearing so that it can be moved in the adjustment direction.

[0195] In an alternative, a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132 which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position can be used as a control chain S with respect to a predetermined or predeterminable layer thickness d003 or a value representing the layer thickness d003. d The components of the substrate are controlled, or for example by connecting a control loop R with a sensor device 172 arranged in the substrate path for determining the layer thickness d003. d , but is adjusted with respect to a predetermined or predeterminable layer thickness d003 or a value representing the layer thickness d003 (see, for example, Fig.30 and Fig.31 Such a sensor element 172 for determining the layer thickness d003 can be, for example, at least one sensor 172.1 which works, for example, capacitively or inductively, preferably in a combination of inductively and capacitively and / or for example for determining a circumferential region of the relevant roller 103 between the second roller or the roller arranged between the second roller and the closing roller 103; 103'; 106 and / or pointing to the formation or reception and output of the dry film 003. This can be, for example, Fig.30 As shown in the example in FIG. 1 , the measured layer thickness d003 is directly input into the control device 156 and based on the setpoint thickness d003 sollThe comparison between the measured layer thickness d003 and the hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132 can be changed via the adjustment mechanism 164 in the event of deviations. Or it can be, for example, Fig.31 As shown in the example, the external control loop R" d The measured layer thickness d003 in the first place is compared by the controller 174 with the set thickness d003 soll A comparison is made and in the event of deviations, for example based on a defined relationship, a set gap width b104 is first generated. soll which is fed into and / or used as the above-mentioned control loop R b The basis for adjusting the gap width b104 as the internal control loop R b To achieve the new nominal gap width b104 soll .

[0196] In a further alternative to the control or regulation of a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132 which is adjusted and / or regulated with respect to the piston position, this can be controlled and / or regulated with respect to the above-mentioned piston position at a setpoint or reference value, at a predetermined or predeterminable grammage FG or a value representing the grammage FG, by integration into the control loop R FG 413.2, which is arranged in the substrate path, is used to determine the grammage FG relative to a predetermined or predeterminable grammage FG or a value representing the grammage FG (see, for example, Fig.33 and Fig.34 ). For the underlying internal regulation loop R with or without the control of the gap width b104 b The above also applies here. and must be applied accordingly.

[0197] Even though in the above text and in the related drawings, the embodiment of the hydraulically actuated drive mechanism 132 is specifically presented and illustrated only for a pair of first and second rollers 102; 103 in combination with rollers 103'; 107 serving as pressing rollers 103'; 107, this of course also applies correspondingly to the second pair having first and second rollers 102'; 103' in the case of a double application unit 101; 101'.

[0198] The above control chain S b ; S d ; S" d ; S F Or regulation loop R b ; R d ; R" d ; R F 109 'of the first embodiment, provided that: the relevant control chain Sb ; S d ; S" d ; S F or the related regulation loop R b ; R d ;R” d ; R F Instead of acting on the hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position, the adjustment mechanism 146, in particular the adjustment motor 155 comprised by the adjustment mechanism 146, is acted on for adjusting the stop mechanism 119, in particular the stop 119. These variants are Figure 29 to Figure 31 and Fig.33 The adjusting mechanism 146 is identified by the reference numeral 146 indicated in brackets.

[0199] In a preferred embodiment, for all combined sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 of the application unit workpiece 101; 101' or the double application unit workpiece 101; 101' and for all designs with single-part or multiple sub-frames designed in any other way, the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' arranged in the double application unit 101; 101'; 101; 101' are arranged relative to each other at least in the operating position so that the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106 of these rollers intersect with the same connecting straight line, which extends in particular horizontally here, in at least one radial directrix along the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R106. In the case of one or more inclined rollers 102; 103; 102'; 102, 103'; 106; 106', the connecting straight line coincides, for example, with the corresponding pivot axis S. In the case of rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' without inclination, the axes of rotation R102; R103, R102'; R103'; R106 are advantageously arranged parallel to each other, for example as explained in the embodiment variants described above, and even in the same plane, which in particular extends horizontally here.

[0200] For all the above-mentioned embodiments, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs, at least the adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107' and / or the bearing means 112; 112'; 113; 113' surrounded by them are preferably designed to form a gap width of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, in particular at least 50 μm at the narrowest point, depending on the operating conditions, and / or to form a product strip 002; 002' to be formed between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' and / or by at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112' and / or at least one adjustment drive 109; 109', and / or in the second gap 107; 107', at least in the region of its width that contributes to film formation and / or film application, between the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107', a linear force of, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm is adjusted and / or a desired linear force is kept constant even if the dry film thickness fluctuates, for example by autonomous or regulated tracking of at least one of the two rollers 103; 106; 106; 103'. Autonomous tracking, in contrast to tracking regulated via a control loop, is, for example, tracking that is performed by a preferably force-adjustable, in particular force-controllable or force-adjustable drive or the force it exerts itself and does not require post-regulation via an additional control loop.

[0201] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, constructions, embodiments or designs, in a particularly advantageous development, a suction outlet 123; 123' is provided above the corresponding application unit 101; 101' or multiple application units 101; 101', through which the dissipated gas or the generated vapor can be sucked out if necessary.

[0202] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' of the above-mentioned application unit 101; 101' are preferably designed with a width that can be used for film formation and / or application in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, in particular 500 mm to 700 mm.

[0203] In principle, independently of, but particularly advantageously in combination with one of the designs, variants, constructions, embodiments or improvements of the coating device 100; 100* and / or one of the equipment and / or configurations for the machine explained in more detail below, it is quite advantageous to form a dry film, in particular for subsequent application to a carrier substrate 006 in, for example, the above-mentioned application unit 101; 101, in particular in combination with the above-mentioned multi-part design and / or design of the adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0204] As described above, in order to form or produce a dry film 003; 003' from, for example, the above-mentioned powdery material 004 using a first roller 102; 102' and a second roller 103; 103' forming a roller gap 104; 104' between its shell surfaces with the first roller 102; 102', the powdery material 004; 004' is supplied to the roller gap 104; 104' via the area of ​​the pointed corner above the roller gap 104; 104' and the powdery material is fed through the roller gap 104; 104' so that when passing through the roller gap 104; 104', a dry film 003; 003' is formed which is further fed on the shell surface of the second roller 103; 103'. In this case, the first roller 102; 102' can be driven or can be driven in the area of ​​its outer surface at a first peripheral speed V(102; 102'), and the second roller 103; 103' can be driven or can be driven in the area of ​​its outer surface at a second peripheral speed V103; 103'. The gram weight FG of the dry film 003; 003' formed by the roller gap 104; 104', i.e. the mass per unit area of ​​the dry film 003; 003' (e.g. in milligrams per square centimeter (mg / cm 2 ) is changed by intentionally causing a change in the ratio V(102; 102'):V(103; 103') between the circumferential speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102' in its shell area and the circumferential speed V(103; 103') of the second roller 103; 103' in its shell area, that is, for example, intentionally adjusting it.

[0205] The ratio V (102; 102'): V (103; 103') varies, for example, in the range of 1: 3 to 1: 6, advantageously at least in the range of 1: 4 to 1: 5. The change of the ratio V (102; 102'): V (103; 103') can be achieved by changing the differential speed, and vice versa, so that the above-mentioned change of the ratio V (102; 102'): V (103; 103') can also be regarded as changing the differential speed, and vice versa.

[0206] It is particularly advantageous if a control loop, for example a so-called closed loop, is provided, wherein during operation the weight FG or the measured value representing the value of the weight FG is adjusted to the setpoint value FG by changing the ratio between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of the measured value representing the value of the weight FG. soll or a value within the permitted range (see, for example, Fig.32 ).

[0207] The variation of the ratio between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') is advantageously carried out at a fixed but adjustable gap width b104. The gap width can be adjustable in size, for example, based on the position and / or with respect to the above-mentioned magnitudes.

[0208] Preferably, the change in the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') is preferably achieved by changing the peripheral speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102', while the second roller 103; 103' continues to run, for example, at the current, in particular fixed, machine speed.

[0209] The change of the circumferential speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102 is achieved, for example, by applying a control signal that realizes a change in relative speed to a rotary drive device, in particular a control and / or control device 173 of a drive mechanism, which controls and / or regulates the first roller 102, wherein, in the preferred case where the first roller 102 is driven by a single motor, the control element is a control and / or control device 173 that controls and / or regulates the drive motor 147, and the reference value is, for example, the value of the change in the transmission coefficient. In the case where the drive of the first roller 102 is mechanically coupled via a transmission, the control and / or control device 173 can be formed by a control drive of a transmission stage whose speed ratio can be adjusted, and the control signal is, for example, a control signal that adjusts the transmission ratio.

[0210] The change occurs, for example, along a particularly linear decreasing relationship between the differential speed on the shell surface or a variable characterizing the differential speed on the one hand and the grammage or a measured value representing the grammage on the other hand. In this case, for example, at least in the applied adjustment range, a particularly negative slope results in, for example, a change in the differential speed in the range of 1%, of 1.0 to 1.5 mg / cm 2 , especially 1.1 to 1.3 mg / cm 2 Weight changes within the range.

[0211] The value of the current grammage can be determined by measuring on the dry film 003; 003' that has not yet been applied, at a location behind the roller gap 104; 104' in the transport path of the dry film 003; 003', for example on the second roller 103; 103', or on the dry film 003; 003' that has already been applied to the carrier substrate 006, for example on the product strip 002. This can be done, for example, in combination with or under the guidance of the above-mentioned measurement method for density, wherein the value for grammage is obtained together, or preferably by, for example, the measuring device 413 or sensor device 413.1, 413.2 mentioned below, and preferably by ultrasound-based measurement, which obtains the value of the grammage FG, for example by comparison with the results from one or more reference measurements.

[0212] By such a process, small fluctuations in grammage can be corrected without the need for oscillating rollers 102, 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106 or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0213] This method is accordingly suitable for setting or regulating the volume-dependent density by varying the ratio between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103').

[0214] The drive or drive motor 147 of the first roller together with the control and / or regulating device 173 and the measuring device 413 or sensor elements 413 . 1 , 413 . 2 form a control loop R′. FG , for adjusting the relationship between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of the grammage FG determined in particular online (see for example Fig.34 ).

[0215] In an alternative to regulating the relationship between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') in the manner described as a function of the determined grammage FG, the layer thickness d003 determined by the above-mentioned sensor device 172 can also be used on the input side instead of the determined grammage. In this case, the drive device or drive motor 147 of the first roller 102 together with the control and / or regulating device 173 for determining the layer thickness d003 and the sensor device 172 form a control loop R' d , for adjusting the relationship between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') according to the layer thickness d003 of the dry film 003 formed, which is determined in particular online (see for example Fig.32 ).

[0216] A machine for producing a multilayer product, in particular in an in-line process (see for example Figure 3 , Fig.10 , Fig.15 , Fig.16 or Fig.17 ), which has the above-mentioned dry film 003 formed by the powder mixture on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006; 003', preferably includes: a substrate conveying section 200, through which the carrier material 006 can be conveyed to the machine on the input side; a first substrate path segment 300, through which the carrier substrate 006 is conveyed to the application stage 100; 100*, for applying the dry film 003; 003' on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006; and a second substrate path segment 400, through which the carrier substrate 006 provided with the dry film 003 on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006 can be conveyed to the product receiving section 500, through which the products can be assembled into a product assembly, such as a roll or a stack.

[0217] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the application phase 100; 100* is implemented in the above-described embodiments, designs, configurations, implementations or variants of the above-described apparatus 100; 100*. Figure 3 The application phase 100 shown as an example in FIG. 1 may be used in all embodiments, modifications, configurations, embodiments or variations of the first group of embodiments, and in place of Fig.10 , Fig.15 and Fig.16 The application phase 100* shown in FIG. 1 employs all embodiments of the second group. Fig.15 and Fig.16 101 'In the embodiment shown in, as a variant, it is also possible to use an embodiment, design, configuration, implementation or modification of the first group for the application stage 100, ie, having a separate application device 101; 101 '

[0218] In an advantageous embodiment, the substrate transport 200 is formed by a substrate unwinder 200, in particular a reel changer 200, preferably a reel changer 200 comprising a plurality of roller positions and / or suitable for uninterrupted reel change. Advantageously, it can be a substrate guide element 202 designed as a motor-driven roller 202, in particular a traction roller 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203, for example in the form of a pull rod, which is, for example, an oscillating roller 203 that is elastically biased or deflected with force transversely to the substrate path on a rod or guide.

[0219] The carrier substrate web 006 is unwound on a substrate unwinder 200 and, in the unwound position, is conveyed on the input side to a substrate path leading through the machine.

[0220] In the case of a traction roller 202 included in the substrate unwinder and, for example, structurally assigned thereto (see, for example, Figure 3 or Fig.10), the traction roller can be comprised by a traction mechanism 207, in particular a pull-in mechanism 207, which for example comprises, in addition to the traction roller 202, a drive mechanism, in particular a drive motor, which is driven independently of the other traction rollers and can be regulated and / or controlled in terms of speed, for example in the form of a servomotor, and / or a pressure roller which can be pressed against the traction roller 202, to adjust an increased friction force. Depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 202, the roller 202 or the drive mechanism can also be operated or operable in a generator-like manner or to inhibit the advancement of the carrier substrate web 006, in order to establish or maintain a certain and / or desired web tension, for example in the following substrate path segment 300 and, for example, extending up to the next clamping or web pulling point or in a part of the substrate path segment 300 formed by the subsequent substrate path segment.

[0221] For example, a substrate guide element 208; 307 can be constructed in the substrate path as a measuring roller 208, for example a web tension measuring roller 208; 307 (as an example of all embodiments, for example in Fig.16 308; 401; 502, in particular motor-driven web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502, for example, are measured via the measuring roller, e.g. the web tension or at least a parameter representing the web tension, so that it can be used, for example, to adjust the web tension, e.g. via the transport speed of the individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502.

[0222] The substrate transport device 200 designed as a roll changer 200 advantageously comprises a roller drive which is mechanically independent from the rest of the machine and / or driven by a single motor and / or lifting device to assist the roll loading and / or roll unloading process.

[0223] In an advantageous embodiment, also in the substrate path section of the substrate transport section 200 and / or in the following first substrate path 300, a device 204 for cross-web edge control can be provided (as an example for all embodiments, for example in Fig.15 ) in particular sensor means for detecting the edge of the web, and adjustment means for achieving a lateral displacement of the supporting substrate, for example, around a direction perpendicular to the transport direction T S In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the web edge controller 204 is combined with a gluing device 206 , such as a gluing station 206 .

[0224] Alternatively or additionally, in an advantageous embodiment, a spreading device, in particular a single-piece or multi-piece web guiding element with a convex shell surface, is provided in a substrate path section of the substrate transport device 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300 .

[0225] In an advantageous development, a single-piece or multi-piece pre-treatment station 302, in particular a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by means of which surface impurities, such as dust or cutting residues and / or charge carriers, are or can be removed from the carrier substrate 006 on one or both sides in a contactless or contact method.

[0226] In the first substrate path 300, in particular downstream of the cleaning that may be provided, a measuring station 303 is advantageously provided, in particular with a sound- or radiation-based measuring device 303, by means of which the material thickness of the carrier material 006 is checked with regard to its thickness and / or thickness uniformity and / or impurity content and, for example, optical and / or acoustic warning signals and / or error signals are transmitted to a machine controller and / or a control center if there are inadmissible deviations from target specifications.

[0227] For all embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous embodiment, in the substrate path section which structurally corresponds to the reel changer 200 and / or in the following substrate path section of the first substrate path 300, a substrate guide element 208 can be provided; 307 as a measuring roller 307 (as an example for all embodiments as in Fig.15 and Fig.16 ), by means of which the web tension can be determined, for example, so that the transport speed of the web, for example through the individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-force-driven web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502, can be used, for example, to adjust the web tension. In this case, only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307 or advantageously both measuring rollers 208; 307 can be provided, in the latter case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or adjust the web tension in the web path section before the first or only application point as follows.

[0228] In an advantageous development, a pretreatment station 304 designed as an application station 304 is provided in the first substrate path 300, for example, by means of which adhesive and / or primer can be applied to the carrier material 006 on one side or both sides. In this case, a dryer (not shown), for example a hot air or radiation dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the application station 304.

[0229] In a particularly preferred embodiment, in principle viewed alone, but advantageously in combination with one or more other embodiments of the machine, a thermal pre-treatment station 306, in particular a temperature control station 306, for example an infrared radiation source 306, is provided in the substrate path directly before the application stage 100; 100*, i.e., for example downstream of the last substrate guide element 301; 307 cooperating with the carrier substrate web 006, by means of which the carrier material 006 can be heated to above the ambient temperature, in particular to more than 60° C., preferably to at least 80° C. This can be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating a joining aid or enabling agent 007; 007′ provided or applied to the carrier substrate 006. In principle independently of this, but advantageously in combination with such a temperature control station 306, a sensor 311 can be used to determine the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006, for example a temperature sensor 311, in particular a contactless and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311. The sensor 311 , for example, as a temperature sensor 311 , can be part of a control circuit for controlling the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006 together with the optionally provided temperature control station 306 .

[0230] Instead of the traction roller 202 or traction mechanism 207 which is counted as the substrate unwinder 200, or if necessary in addition thereto, a traction roller 308 or traction mechanism 309 can be arranged following the substrate unwinder 200 and / or at the location where the first or only dry film is applied, i.e., at the substrate path segment 300 leading to the first or only lamination gap 107; 107'. In the case where there is only one pulling roller 202; 308 or only one pulling mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between the unwinding section on the roll 201 and the entrance into the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', such a pulling roller 202; 308 or such a pulling mechanism 207; 309 can in principle be structurally corresponding on the input side to the substrate path segment 300 extending between the substrate unwinder 200, in particular the unwinding section, and the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the first or only application location, or can also be structurally well corresponding or can correspond to the application stage 100; 100* on the input side. It is important here that such a traction roller 202; 308 or such a traction mechanism 207; 309 is arranged in the substrate path before the first application point, i.e. the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', in order to establish or maintain a certain and / or desired web tension, for example in the subsequent substrate path segment or in the part of the partial substrate path segment formed by the following substrate path section. In this case, corresponding to the traction mechanism 207 already described above, the traction mechanism has, for example, in addition to the traction roller 308, a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 308, in particular independently of the other traction rollers and can be regulated and / or controlled in terms of speed, for example in the form of a servo drive motor, and / or a pressure roller that can be directed toward the traction roller 308 to increase the friction. Here, the roller 308 or the drive mechanism can also be operated or operable, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 308, in the manner of a generator or to suppress the advancement of the carrier substrate web 006, in order to establish or maintain a determined and / or desired web tension, for example in a subsequent substrate path segment that extends, for example, to the next clamping or web pulling point or in a part of the substrate path segment that is formed by a subsequent substrate path segment.

[0231] In an advantageous embodiment, in the second substrate path 400, in particular in the substrate path immediately after the application stage 100; 100*, a calendering unit 600 as described above or a calendering unit 600 having two rollers 601; 602 forming a gap, for example a calendering gap, between them, in particular calendering rollers 601; 602, is provided. This has the advantage, for example, that if the desired density is not achieved during the dry film application, a final product 001 with the desired density or an intermediate product 002 which only needs to be cut can still be produced in the active material layer 003; 003'.

[0232] In an alternative embodiment, which has been mentioned above but is not shown here, the advantages lie, for example, in the independence of the processes and their optimization, and thus in the quality and / or the lower susceptibility to faults, for example, in an apparatus or system with a plurality of machines, the first machine mentioned above for coating a carrier substrate 006, in particular the carrier substrate web 006 mentioned above, with a dry film 003; 003' formed from a powdery material 004; 004', preferably comprising in the substrate path a coating device 100; 100* according to one of the above-mentioned advantageous embodiments and a separate second machine for compacting the dry film 003; 003' by at least one calendering unit 600; 600* arranged in the substrate path of the second machine. Although these machines can in principle be arranged at different locations, they are preferably arranged, for example, in the same plant, in an apparatus or machine structure for producing a multilayer product 001, for producing a multilayer product 001 with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate, in particular for producing an electrode bundle 002 or an electrode unit 001. In this case, the product strip 002, which is referred to here as the primary product and which has not yet been further compacted, is formed into a roll 501 of the primary product, for example, on the outlet side of a machine for coating in a product receiving section 500, which is particularly designed as a product winder 500, and the roll 501 is subsequently or at a later point in time fed to a second machine on the inlet side, in particular to an unwinder arranged in the machine on the inlet side. The product strip 002 consisting of the primary product is unwound there, guided through a calendering unit 600; 600' arranged in the substrate path, and wound up on the outlet side as a completely compacted product strip 001 to form a product roll 501, or is sent out after a cross-cutting arranged downstream of the calendering unit 600, if necessary.

[0233] Whether the above-mentioned calendering process is carried out in an online manner in the same machine in which the dry film 003; 003' is applied to the carrier substrate 006, or whether the calendering is carried out separately from the application process in another second machine having a calendering unit 600; 600*, the calendering unit 600; 600* comprises two rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, for example calendering rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, wherein, for example, at least one, preferably both calendering rollers can be heated, in particular so that their shell surface is heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°, for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C and / or a pressure having a preferably adjustable linear force of at least 500N / mm, advantageously at least 700N / mm, in particular at least 1000N / mm, preferably up to at least 2000N / mm or preferably between 500N / mm and 3000N / mm can be applied therebetween. The product strip 002 coated on at least one side can pass through the calendering gap to further compact the dry film 003; 003' using a pressing force and / or a temperature above the ambient temperature. The calendering rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602* have a diameter of, for example, at least 400 mm, in particular at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm, and / or a usable width of, for example, at least 400 mm, in particular at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm. For the production of the mentioned product 001; 002, it is particularly advantageous for the circular concentricity of each roller 601; 601*; 602; 602* to have a maximum deviation of a maximum of ±2 mm, preferably a maximum of ±1 mm.

[0234] In principle, independent of one or more other implementation variants of the machine, but advantageously in combination therewith, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the second substrate path 400 after the application stage 100; 100*, if necessary with a calendering unit 600, a cooling device 402 is provided downstream thereof which has one or more partially wrapped, temperature-controlled cooling rollers 402.1; 402.2, by means of which the product strip 002 guided therethrough can be cooled, for example, by at least 20°C, in particular by at least 50°C.

[0235] In principle, independently of one or more other embodiments of the machine, but advantageously in combination therewith, in an advantageous development, there is a checking device 403; 403.1; 403.2, in particular based on optical and / or acoustic measurements, in the second substrate path 400, for example with a sensor 403.1 pointing to one side and a sensor 403.2 pointing to the other side, by means of which the product surface is checked for errors or defects, for example the surface and / or thickness integrity of the applied dry film 003; 003' can be checked. The checking device 403; 403.1, 403.2 can, for example, be Fig.15As shown, the substrate is arranged in the substrate path downstream of the calendaring unit 600, or as shown, for example Fig.16 As shown, it can be arranged in the substrate path downstream of the application stage 100; 100' but upstream of the calendering unit 600. In the first case, errors caused by calendering can be detected, while in the second case, errors caused in the application stage 100; 100' can be identified as early as possible. The inspection device 403 can preferably have a camera, for example a line scan camera, as a sensor 403.1; 403.2 on each side, by which the corresponding surface is photographed or optically scanned, and the position of the error or defect is evaluated by a downstream evaluation device.

[0236] In principle, independent of one or more other implementation variants of the machine but advantageously in combination therewith, in particular in combination with an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2 arranged in the substrate path, in an advantageous development, a device for defect marking 412 is provided, which can, for example, be provided by a printing device, such as an inkjet print head or an insertion device, the latter being, for example, a physical marking mechanism, such as a so-called marking flag or marking label, which can be applied or arranged on the carrier substrate web 006.

[0237] For all embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous embodiment, at least one substrate guiding element 409 can be designed as a measuring roller 409 in the second substrate path 400, by means of which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use it, for example, to adjust the web tension, for example, by the relative transport speeds of the individual assemblies 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Preferably, at least one substrate guiding element 409 is designed as a measuring roller 409 at least in the substrate path section of the second substrate path segment 400 that is located after the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the last or only application point, and preferably in particular in the substrate path section of the second substrate path segment 400 before the optionally provided calendering unit 600, in particular before the point of calendering that may occur. Alternatively or additionally thereto, the substrate guide element 507 structurally assigned to the product winder 500 can be designed as a measuring roller 507 which is arranged in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600 .

[0238] In order to ensure an optimal passage of the substrate through the application stage 100; 100*, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 401 designed as a motor-force-driven traction roller 401 is provided in the second substrate path 400, preferably directly after the application stage 100; 100*, but before the calendering unit 600, which may be provided. The substrate guide element may be comprised by a traction mechanism 411, for example, which, in addition to the traction roller 401 itself, has a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 401, in particular independently of other traction rollers, and can be regulated and / or controlled in terms of speed, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, and / or has a pressure roller that can be pressed against the traction roller 401 to increase the friction. Here, the roller 401 or the drive mechanism can in principle also be operated or operable in the form of a generator or in a manner that suppresses the feed of the carrier substrate web 006, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements that exist before and after the roller 401, but here is used to establish and / or maintain the web tension on the upstream substrate path section, i.e., in the conveying direction T S The conveying carrier substrate web 006 is or can be operated at an advance amount relative to, for example, the speed of the stretching roller 202; 301 immediately upstream and / or the circumferential speed of the last or only laminating roller 107; 107' or the pair of laminating rollers 107; 107'.

[0239] Alternatively or additionally thereto, in a preferred embodiment, a web tension compensation and / or adjustment device 406 is present in the second substrate path 400, downstream of the application stage 100, 100*, if necessary between the application stage 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600 provided in an advantageous embodiment (e.g. Fig.15 , for example, with an oscillating roller 407 which is elastically prestressed transversely to the substrate path, for example on a rod or a guide spring, or which is deflected by means of a force, by means of which, for example, fluctuations in the web tension can be compensated, and / or in particular, by the swinging out of the oscillating roller 407, the transport speed of a preceding or succeeding assembly or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502 can be adjusted.

[0240] For example, Fig.17 The machine shown in FIG. 1 , which for example does not have a calendering unit 600 arranged downstream of the application station 100 , 100 * in the substrate path, can optionally be equipped with a plurality of or all of the calendering units 600 in addition to the calendering unit 600 . Fig.15 or Fig.16The devices and / or substrate guiding elements 202; 203; 208; 307; 308; 401; 404; 401; 404; 409; 502; 503 are shown. Thus, for example, in the first substrate path section 300, the above-mentioned oscillating roller 203 and / or at least one above-mentioned traction roller 308 and / or at least one above-mentioned web tension measuring roller 307 and / or at least one above-mentioned temperature control station 306 are arranged, and in the second substrate path section 400, the above-mentioned web tension measuring roller 409 and / or a cooling device 402, in particular with at least one cooling roller 402.1; 402.2, at least one above-mentioned traction roller 401 and / or at least one above-mentioned inspection device 403 for detecting one and / or several defects and / or a measuring station 408 for determining the thickness of the product strip and / or a device 412 for marking defects and / or at least one oscillating roller 503 are arranged. In addition, in the second substrate path segment 400, there is provided Fig.17 For example, in the example, a cleaning station 414 for removing loose particles and residues from the surface, which can also be provided advantageously for other embodiments, and / or in Fig.18 In the example, a measuring device 413 for determining the grammage FG, which can also be provided advantageously for other exemplary embodiments, is provided.

[0241] The measuring device 413 for determining the grammage FG is preferably based on an ultrasonic measuring system 413.1, 413.2 or a sensor device 413.1, 413.2. Preferably, an ultrasonic transmitter 413.1 is arranged on the first strip side of the substrate path, by which the product strip 002 can be loaded with ultrasonic waves, and a receiver 413.2 is arranged on the same side or preferably on the other side of the substrate path, by which the reflected ultrasonic waves can be detected in the case of the same side and the emitted ultrasonic waves can be detected in the case of the other side. In both cases, the value of the grammage can be determined by the transmission and / or reflection characteristics of the quantity related to the grammage and / or representative of the grammage by appropriate calibration. In an advantageous embodiment, the sensor device 413.1; 413.2 is designed to determine the value of the grammage continuously or at multiple locations in the width, i.e. transversely to the substrate strip, in the width direction, for example, corresponding to at least half of the width of the substrate strip and for example symmetrically relative to the center point of the substrate strip. For example, a plurality of individual ultrasonic transmitters 413.1 and / or receivers 413.2 or extended ultrasonic transmitters 413.1 and / or receivers 413.2 formed with a corresponding width are arranged adjacent to one another, for example, over a width corresponding to at least half the length of the product strip 002, viewed transversely to the conveying direction. In an advantageous refinement, deflection rollers are arranged in the substrate path before and after the measuring point acted upon by the ultrasonic transmitter 413.1, respectively, which are at least slightly wrapped around the product strip 002. In order to achieve defined conditions, the distance between the measuring point and the corresponding deflection roller in the substrate path is, for example, at most corresponding to twice the strip width, preferably at most corresponding to the strip width.

[0242] As described above, the measuring device 413 or the measuring system 413.1; 413.2 included therein can serve as the above-mentioned control loop R' for adjusting the grammage FG by changing the ratio of the peripheral speed V (102; 102'; 103; 103') FG or as a component of the above-mentioned regulating loop R for adjusting the grammage FG by changing the gap width FG components to provide the measured values ​​for grammage determination.

[0243] For all the designs and variants of the machine mentioned here, the following embodiment is particularly advantageous, in which, in the substrate path arranged after the application phase 100; 100*, in the case of a calendering unit 600; 600 arranged in the substrate path, after the only or last calendering unit 600; 600*, before the combination to form the product aggregate 501 in the product receiving section, a measuring station 408 is provided for determining the product strip thickness, in particular the total thickness (for example, at Fig.15 , Fig.16 and Fig.17 shown as an example for all embodiments).

[0244] Instead of or in addition to the above-described cooling device 402 in the second substrate path section 400, such or another cooling device 402; 504 can also be arranged in the substrate path section that counts as the product receiving section 500 or on its frame. Such a cooling device 504 can be formed, for example, by a substrate guide element 504 designed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504 that counts as the second substrate path section 400 or structurally counts as the product receiving section 500 can also be formed by one or more temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2 that are partially wound one after the other.

[0245] In a further development, a sensor 508 can be provided, for example, downstream of the optionally provided cooling device 504, for determining the temperature of the product 002, in particular the product strip 002, in the substrate path downstream of the optionally provided calendering unit 600, but at the latest before the delivery, for example before winding in the product winder 500. The sensor 508 is designed, for example, as a temperature sensor 508, in particular as a contactless and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, and / or can be part of a control circuit for controlling the temperature with the optionally provided cooling device 504.

[0246] In an advantageous embodiment, the product receiving portion 500 is designed in the form of a product reel 500 , in particular a reel changer 500 .

[0247] Preferably, the product winder 500 is suitable for uninterrupted roll changing and / or includes a substrate guiding element 502 and / or a substrate guiding element 503 designed as one of the above-mentioned motor-driven traction rollers 502, which is in the form of, for example, an oscillating roller 503 that is elastically biased or deflected by force on a rod or guide member transversely to the substrate path.

[0248] In order to ensure an optimum web run between the calendering unit 600, which may be provided, and the roll on the product winder 500, in an advantageous embodiment, a web guide element 401; 502 is provided in the web path 400 or in the web path section which can be counted as the product winder 500 as a motor-force-driven traction roller 401; 502. The web guide element can be comprised by a traction mechanism 411; 506, which, for example, in addition to the traction roller 401; 502, has a drive mechanism, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, which drives the traction roller 401; 502, in particular independently of the other traction rollers, and which can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed drive, and / or has a pressure roller which can be brought into contact with the traction roller 401; 502 to increase the friction.

[0249] In an embodiment which is particularly advantageous, in particular for stable and low-interference online continuous operation, of a machine comprising, for example, a calendering unit 600, at least one positively driven pulling roller 202; 308; 401; 502 and / or at least one measuring roller 208; 307; 401; 502 are provided in a first substrate path section between the position of unwinding from the substrate roll 201 in the substrate unwinder 200 to the entry into the only or first laminating gap 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100*, and in a second substrate path section between the position of the exit of the carrier substrate web, which is then provided with a dry film 003; 003' at least on one side, from the only or downstream last laminating gap 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100* and for an embodiment with a calendering unit 600; 600*, between the entry into the calendering gap between two calendering rollers 601; 602. In an advantageous development of the design with the calendering unit 600; 600*, a positively driven traction roller 502 and / or a measuring roller 409; 507 are provided in the third substrate path section between the position of the exit of the carrier substrate web 006 provided with a dry film 003; 003' at least on one side from the calendering nip and the position of being wound up onto the product reel 501 in the product winder 500 for determining the web tension.

[0250] Preferably, a web tension adjustment device (not shown here) is provided, which is connected on the input side to each of the or one measuring rollers 208; 307; 409 arranged in the first and the or one arranged in the second substrate path section, and on the output side to a drive controller of each control roller drive device of the or one traction roller 202; 308; 401 arranged in the first and the or one arranged in the second substrate path section, and the web tension adjustment device in particular has a data processing and / or electronic switching mechanism, which is configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension in each of the two substrate path extensions and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two substrate path extensions by appropriately controlling the drives of one or more traction rollers 202; 308; 401. In an improved solution, the web tension adjustment device can also be connected to the measuring roller 409; 507 arranged in the above-mentioned third substrate path section on the input side, and to the drive controller of the control-related traction roller 502 arranged in the above-mentioned third substrate path section on the output side, and for example, it can also be adjusted with respect to a predetermined web tension degree and / or a predetermined web tension degree difference with the substrate path section arranged upstream.

[0251] Quite generally, in particular for embodiments of the machine in which there is no calendering unit downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, the contents described above regarding stretching rollers 202; 308; 401; 502 and measuring rollers 208; 307; 409, signal connections and web tension adjustment devices can be transferred or used for embodiments in which there is at least one measuring roller and / or at least one pulling roller 208; 307; 202; 308 in the first substrate path between the unwinding section and the first application site through the application stage 100; 100* and at least one pulling roller 409; 507; 401; 502 in the substrate path section between the only or last site of dry film application leaving the application stage 100; 100* and between the winding section in the winder 500.

[0252] By means of the above-mentioned oscillating roller 203; 407; 503 and a control circuit which comprises the oscillating roller and is for example integrated into the above-mentioned web tension control device, fluctuations in web tension can be compensated or controlled and / or the conveying speed of the upstream or downstream assembly 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, for example the drive of the upstream substrate unwinder 200 or the downstream substrate rewinder 500 or the upstream or downstream traction roller 202; 308; 401; 502 can be controlled, in particular by pivoting the oscillating roller 407. The oscillating roller is, for example, elastically biased transversely to the web path on a guide or on a rod, in particular pneumatically or elastically biased with a force in the opposite direction of the web tension of the substrate web 006 or the product strip 002 which is wrapped around the roller in a sleeve-like manner.

[0253] The above-mentioned traction rollers 203; 308; 401; 502, for example, include a speed-adjustable and / or controllable drive motor, in particular a servomotor, and / or are coupled with one or more pressing elements, such as pressure rollers, for example, to improve the conveying performance, and / or, depending on the position in the substrate path, are operated and / or can be operated in a generator-like manner, i.e. with a braking effect, by means of a motor or, for example, to generate or maintain upstream web tension, and / or are included in a regulating circuit that regulates the web tension and, for example, is integrated into the above-mentioned web tension regulation device, for example, as a regulating element.

[0254] As an alternative to designing the machine with a product receiving section 500 designed as a coiler 500, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a cross-cutting device can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or at the inlet of the product receiving section 500, by means of which the product strips 002 produced in the machine can already be cross-cut into product segments 001. In this case, the product receiving section 500 is designed, for example, as a stacking boom, in particular as a multi-stack boom that delivers a plurality of stacks one behind the other.

[0255] In the above-mentioned machine and / or device 100; 100*, for example, a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 is continuously and preferably on both sides provided with a dry film 003; 003' having a width smaller than the width of the carrier substrate, so that the carrier substrate retains uncoated edges on both sides.

[0256] Reference numerals list

[0257] 001Product, final product, product segment, electrode unit, electrode

[0258] 002 products, intermediate products, product strips, electrode strips

[0259] 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite material film (especially solvent-free)

[0260] 003'Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite material film (especially solvent-free)

[0261] 004 Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry)

[0262] 004'Powdered materials, powdered mixtures (especially dry)

[0263] 005-

[0264] 006 Web-shaped carrier substrate, carrier substrate web, current conductor substrate, current conductor film

[0265] 007 Medium, primer, adhesive, bonding agent to assist or achieve connection

[0266] 007'Medium, primer, adhesive, bonding agent to assist or achieve connection

[0267] 008 parts, material strips, edge strips

[0268] 100Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, laminating assembly, laminating unit

[0269] 100*Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, laminating assembly, laminating unit

[0270] 101 first application unit

[0271] 101' Second application unit

[0272] 102 first roller, metering roller

[0273] 102' first roller, metering roller

[0274] 103 second roller, laminating roller, closing roller

[0275] 103' Second roller, laminating roller, closing roller

[0276] 104 first gap, film-forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, counter-pressing part

[0277] 104' first gap, film-forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, counter-pressing part

[0278] 105-

[0279] 106 rollers, combined pressure rollers

[0280] 106' roller, combined pressure roller

[0281] 107 Second gap, application gap, lamination gap

[0282] 107' Second gap, application gap, lamination gap

[0283] 108-

[0284] 109 Position-based adjustment drive device, adjustment member

[0285] 109' Position-based adjustment drive device, adjustment member

[0286] 110-

[0287] 111 Force-based adjustment drive, adjusting element

[0288] 111'Force-based adjustment drive, adjusting element

[0289] 112 Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0290] 112' adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0291] 113 adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing

[0292] 113' adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing

[0293] 114 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0294] 114' Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0295] 115-

[0296] 116 Removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0297] 116' removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0298] 117 Collection device, collection tank

[0299] 117' Collection device, collection tank

[0300] 118 Other rollers, calendering rollers

[0301] 118'Other rollers, calendering rollers

[0302] 119-

[0303] 120-

[0304] 121 substrate guide elements, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0305] 122 Carrier, side parts (chassis)

[0306] 122' Carrier, Side Parts (Chassis)

[0307] 123 Suction unit

[0308] 123' Suction unit

[0309] 124 border, side shield

[0310] 125-

[0311] 126 Filling and / or storage space

[0312] 127 Material removal department

[0313] 127' Material removal unit

[0314] 128 racks (application stage)

[0315] 128.1 First sub-rack

[0316] 128.2 Second sub-rack

[0317] 128.3 The third sub-rack

[0318] 128.4 Fourth sub-rack

[0319] 129 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0320] 129' removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0321] 130-

[0322] 131 rack wall

[0323] 131.1 Rack Wall

[0324] 131.2 Rack Wall

[0325] 131.3 Rack Wall

[0326] 131.4 Rack Wall

[0327] 132 Path-based or position-based drive mechanism, position-controllable and / or adjustable motor

[0328] 132' Path-based or position-based drive mechanism, position-controllable and / or adjustable motor

[0329] 133 Force-based drive mechanisms, cylinder-piston systems, torque-controllable and / or adjustable motors

[0330] 133' Force-based drive mechanisms, cylinder-piston systems, motors with controllable and / or adjustable torque

[0331] 134 Temperature control fluid pipeline

[0332] 135-

[0333] 136 beam, bottom plate

[0334] 137 beam, transverse carrier

[0335] 138 Guide rail segments, track parts, guide parts, tracks

[0336] 139 load-bearing foot

[0337] 140-

[0338] 141 Adjustment device, traction device, tensioning device

[0339] 142 piston rod

[0340] 143 Push and / or pull plate

[0341] 144 Push and / or pull plate

[0342] 145 rack structure, bottom plate

[0343] 146 Adjustment and / or drive mechanism, adjustment drive device

[0344] 147 Storage Blocks

[0345] 148 Rotary drive mechanism, speed adjustable or controllable drive motor, servo motor

[0346] 149 Rotary drive mechanism, speed adjustable or controllable drive motor, servo motor

[0347] 150-

[0348] 151 bearings, radial bearings

[0349] 153 bearing parts, rolling elements, sliding elements,

[0350] 154 Support surface

[0351] 155 Electric and hydraulic servomotors

[0352] 156 Control and / or regulating devices, adjustment devices

[0353] 157 sensor element (gap width)

[0354] 157.1 Sensor

[0355] 157.2 Sensor

[0356] 158 Pressure medium pipeline

[0357] 159 Pressure medium pipeline

[0358] 159 valve

[0359] 160-

[0360] 161 Assessment Agency

[0361] 162 Parts, roller journals (belonging to 102)

[0362] 163 roller journal (belongs to 103)

[0363] 164 Adjustment mechanism, (switchable) multi-way valve, (reversible) pump

[0364] 165 Adjustment device, traction device, tensioning device

[0365] 166 cylinders

[0366] 167 Piston

[0367] Room 168

[0368] Room 169

[0369] 170-

[0370] 171 Regulator

[0371] 172 Sensors, measuring devices (layer thickness)

[0372] 172.1 Sensor

[0373] 173 Control and / or regulating mechanism, drive device controller

[0374] 174 Regulator

[0375] 175-

[0376] 176 Adjustment drive device, electromagnet

[0377] 177 Pressure Sensor

[0378] 200 substrate conveyor, substrate unwinder, roll changing device

[0379] 201 roll, substrate roll

[0380] 202 Forced driven substrate guiding elements, rollers, pulling rollers

[0381] 203 substrate guide element, swing roller

[0382] 204 Web edge controller

[0383] 205-

[0384] 206 Gluing device, glue coating table

[0385] 207 traction mechanism, pulling mechanism

[0386] 208 substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0387] 300 The first substrate path segment, the conveying section, is located on the upstream side and the conveying side

[0388] 301 substrate guiding elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0389] 302 pre-treatment station, cleaning station, deionization station

[0390] 303 Measuring station (Carrier substrate thickness)

[0391] 304 pre-treatment station, application station

[0392] 305-

[0393] 306 Thermal pre-treatment station, temperature control station, infrared radiation source

[0394] 307 substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0395] 308 Forced driven substrate guide elements, rollers, traction rollers

[0396] 309 traction mechanism

[0397] 310-

[0398] 311 sensor, temperature sensor

[0399] 400 The second substrate path segment, the conveying section, is located at the downstream side and the discharge side

[0400] 401 Forced driven substrate guiding elements, rollers, pulling rollers

[0401] 402 Cooling device

[0402] 402* Cooling device (alternatively or additionally)

[0403] 403 Check Device

[0404] 404 substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0405] 405-

[0406] 406 Web tension compensation and / or adjustment device

[0407] 407 Swing Roller

[0408] 408 measuring station (product strip thickness)

[0409] 409 substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0410] 410-

[0411] 411 traction mechanism

[0412] 412 Defect Marker

[0413] 500 Product storage unit, product loading machine, roll changer

[0414] 501 Product storage unit, roll, product roll

[0415] 502 Forced driven substrate guiding element, traction roller

[0416] 503 swing roller

[0417] 504 Cooling device, substrate guiding element, roller, cooling roller

[0418] 504.1 Cooling roller

[0419] 504.2 Cooling roller

[0420] 505-

[0421] 506 traction mechanism

[0422] 507 substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0423] 508 sensor, temperature sensor

[0424] 600 calendering unit, assembly, calendering assembly

[0425] 600*calendering unit (alternatively or additionally), assembly, calendering assembly

[0426] 601 Heated first roller, calendering roller

[0427] 601*First roller, calendaring roller (alternatively or additionally)

[0428] 602 Heated second roller, calendering roller

[0429] 602* Second roller, calendaring roller (alternatively or additionally)

[0430] 603 frame (calendering assembly)

[0431] 700 Device for conveying powdered materials, powder conveying device

[0432] 700' Device for conveying powdered materials, powder conveying device

[0433] bWidth

[0434] b151 support width

[0435] d thickness, layer thickness

[0436] b003 (003; 003') width

[0437] b006 (006) width

[0438] b008 (008) width

[0439] d003 (003) thickness, layer thickness

[0440] d003' (003') thickness, layer thickness

[0441] d006 (006) thickness

[0442] d008 (008) thickness, layer thickness

[0443] G-Plane

[0444] K arc

[0445] α angle, tilt angle

[0446] P pressure fluid source

[0447] R Storage

[0448] R S Radius (of pivoting motion)

[0449] s1 switch state, keep switch state

[0450] s2 switch state, conduction state

[0451] s3 switch state, conduction state

[0452] s4 switch status, basic switch status

[0453] R102 Rotation Axis

[0454] R102' Rotation axis

[0455] R103 Rotation Axis

[0456] R103' Rotation axis

[0457] R106 Rotation Axis

[0458] R106' Rotation axis

[0459] S pivot axis

[0460] T S Conveying direction (of product string 002, carrier substrate 006)

Claims

1. A device (100; 100*) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdery material (004), the device comprising at least one first application unit (101; 101'), the at least one first application unit comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103'), the first roller and the second roller forming a first roller gap (104; 104') for film formation in a press between their shell surfaces, the powdery material (004) being able to be fed through the first roller gap in order to form a first dry film (003) therein, and the device comprising a roller (103'; 106) serving as a press roller (103'; 106), the roller serving as a press roller forming a second roller gap (107) with the second roller (103) or with another roller following indirectly or directly downstream relative to the second roller (103) in the material flow direction, wherein: A substrate path is provided for guiding through the second roller gap (107), and during operation, a carrier substrate web (106) to be coated can be guided on the substrate path and, on a first side, can be loaded with a dry film (106) formed in the first roller gap (104), characterized in that, in order to adjust the roller gap (104; 107) between two adjacent rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') arranged to be movable relative to each other, at least one traction device (141; 165) with a drive mechanism (132; 133) is provided on the frame side, with the help of which the two rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') can be moved towards each other in an adjustment direction or can be tensioned and can be moved away from each other again or at least relieved of load again.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that An adjustment device (141; 165) comprising a drive mechanism (132; 133) is engaged with its two active ends on the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') in such a way that the adjustment device loads the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') with an adjustment force directed toward each other in order to adjust the gap (104; 104') between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103').

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (132; 133) is designed as a cylinder-piston system (132; 133) which can be loaded with a pressurized fluid.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The cylinder-piston system (132; 133) is supplied or can be supplied with pressure fluid from a pressure fluid source (P) connected to the adjustment mechanism (164; 164*) on the input side via an adjustment mechanism (164; 164*) fluidly connected to the cylinder-piston system (132; 133), and the pressure fluid is provided and / or can be provided at a pressure of at least 100 bar or 10 MPa.

5. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that A mechanism for emergency shut-off is provided, the mechanism for emergency shut-off comprising a pressure sensor (177), the pressure sensor being arranged in a first pipeline path for supplying pressure fluid to the cylinder-piston system (132; 133) when a roller or a first roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') abuts against another adjacent roller or a second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103'), the mechanism for emergency shut-off comprising a switching logic implemented in a control device and connected to a pressure sensor signal, wherein when a roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') abuts against another adjacent roller (102; 103; 102'; 103'), due to a pressure rise in the first pipeline path above a threshold value, the switching logic reduces the pressure medium supply to the cylinder-piston system (132; 133), or switches to an operating mode for achieving separation.

6. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that The first gap (104) between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') can be adjusted by the adjustment device (141; 165) based on the position, ie can be adjusted to a constant and / or defined gap width (b1904).

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that An adjusting device (141; 165) for adjusting a first gap (104; 104') based on position has an adjusting drive (111; 111') that operates or is capable of operating based on force, the adjusting drive having a cylinder-piston system (133) as a drive mechanism (133) that can be loaded with a pressure fluid and an adjusting mechanism (112; 112'; 113; 113'), in which a positionable stop (119) can be inserted in the adjustment stroke of the adjusting mechanism in order to limit the position.

8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that An adjusting device (141; 165) for adjusting a first gap (104; 104') based on position comprises a drive mechanism (132) as a drive mechanism (132) which can be adjusted in terms of the position of the drive mechanism on its output side and / or a hydraulic drive mechanism (132, 164, 171) which can be adjusted or adjusted in terms of position or location, and the hydraulic drive mechanism has a cylinder-piston system (132) which can be loaded with a pressure fluid.

9. The device according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that An adjusting device (141) for adjusting and / or keeping constant a gap width (b104) of a first gap (104) has a double-acting hydraulic cylinder-piston system (132) which is adjusted or adjustable via a switching valve (164).

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that The switching valve (164) as the adjusting element, the cylinder-piston system (132) as the actuator, the sensor device (157) for detecting the gap width (b104) or being associated with the gap width (b104) and / or representing the value of the gap width (b104), and the regulator (171) for adjusting the adjusting element based on the result provided by the sensor device (157) are a control circuit (R b ) is a component that regulates or is capable of regulating the gap width (b104) through a regulating loop to obtain and / or maintain a nominal gap width (b104 soll ) or a rated value which is correspondingly associated with the rated gap width and / or represents the rated gap width.

11. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that The rollers (102; 103; 106) forming a gap (104; 107) between each other are supported on both sides in the frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of different sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), and the adjustment device (141; 165) is respectively engaged on the frame walls (131.1; 131.2, 131.3; 131.4) of two rollers (102; 103; 106) forming a corresponding gap (104; 107) between each other.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that The sub-frame (128.1) carrying the second roller or the additional roller (103) of the first application unit (101) is supported in a fixed manner relative to the space or the frame, and the sub-frame (128.3; 128.2) carrying the first roller (102) and the pressing roller (106) is supported in a manner such that the interval with the second roller or the additional roller (103) arranged fixedly relative to the space or the frame can be adjusted.

13. The device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that The adjustably supported sub-frame (128.3; 128.2) is movably supported on a linear guide (112; 112').

14. The device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that The roller (103') used as a pressing roller (103') is also a laminating roller (103') and is designed as part of a second application unit (101') located on the other side of the substrate path, the second application unit comprising a first roller (102') of the second application unit (101'), the first roller of the second application unit and the laminating roller (103') used as a pressing roller (103') or another roller located between the second application unit (101') forming a first roller gap (104; 104') of the second application unit (101'), a powdery material (004') can be fed through the first roller gap of the second application unit to form a second dry film (003) therein, the second dry film can be applied in the second roller gap (107) via the laminating roller (103') of the second application unit (101') to the second side of the carrier substrate (106) which is guided during operation via a conveying path passing through the second roller gap (107).

15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that Between the two rollers (102'; 103') forming the first gap (104') of the second application unit (101'), at least one adjustment device (141; 165) capable of operating and / or being designed as a traction device (141; 165) and having a drive mechanism (132; 133) is indirectly or directly engaged on both sides, by means of which the two rollers (102; 103; 106) participating in forming the respective gap (104; 107) can be moved toward each other and / or can be loaded with forces toward each other.

16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that The first gap (104') between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') of the second application unit (101') can be adjusted by the adjustment device (141; 165) based on the position, i.e. can be adjusted to a constant and / or defined gap width (b1904).

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that An adjustment device (141; 165) according to claim 7 or claim 8.

18. The device according to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that The rollers (102'; 103') between which the first gap (104') of the second application unit (101') is formed are supported on both sides in the frame walls (131.1; 131.2, 131.3; 131.4) of two different sub-frames (128.2; 128.4), and the adjustment device (141; 165) is respectively engaged on the frame walls (131.2; 131.4) of the two rollers (102'; 103') between which the corresponding gap (104') is formed.

19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that The sub-frame (128.4) that supports the first roller (102') of the second applying unit (101') and the second roller (103') of the second applying unit (103') are supported in a manner that allows a variable interval.

20. The device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 or 19, wherein: In order to carry out adjustment along the adjustment direction, a linear adjustment stroke and / or a bearing mechanism (112; 112'; 113; 113') formed by a linear bearing (112; 112'; 113; 113') is provided.

21. The device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, characterized in that A second gap (107; 107') between a pressing roller (106; 106'; 103'; 103) of a first application unit (101; 101') and a second roller or a further roller (103; 103') situated therebetween can be adjusted on the basis of a force-based adjustment drive (111; 111') by means of an adjustment device (141; 165) acting between the two rollers (103; 103'; 106), i.e. can be adjusted to a constant and / or defined contact force or linear force.

22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that The adjustment device (141; 165) for force-based adjustment of the second gap (107') comprises a cylinder-piston system (133) which is adjustable in terms of pressure as a drive mechanism (133).

23. The device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22, characterized in that A first roller (102; 102') of the same application unit (101; 102') or a subframe (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) carrying the first roller (102; 102') is arranged in a pivotable or pivotable manner relative to the second roller (103; 103') about a pivot axis (S), which extends perpendicularly to the axis of rotation (R102; R103; R102; R103') of the first and / or second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or is in contact with the axis of rotation (R102; R103; R102; R103') of the first roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or the second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103'). R102;R103') intersect.

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