Electric motor, vehicle equipped with electric motor, and method for operating electric motor

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric motor (1) comprising:-a rotor (2); -a stator (3), the rotor (2) being rotatable relative to the stator (3) about an axis of rotation (5). Furthermore, a first coil row (7) is formed, which has a plurality of first coils (8), which are arranged on the rotor (2) or on the stator (3) in a distributed manner about the axis of rotation (5) in a first regular pattern. Furthermore, a second coil row (9) is formed, which has a plurality of second coils (10), which are arranged on the rotor (2) or on the stator (3) in a distributed manner about the axis of rotation (5) in a second regular model, the first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) are arranged spatially separate from each other on the same component selected from the rotor (2) or the stator (3), and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) can be energized independently of the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an electric motor, a vehicle equipped with the electric motor and a method for operating the electric motor. Background Art

[0002] DE 25 11 452 A1 discloses an electric motor.

[0003] The electric motor known from DE 25 11 452 A1 has insufficient mass. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an electric motor with an improved structure. Furthermore, a vehicle equipped with the electric motor and an improved method for operating the electric motor should be provided.

[0005] This object is achieved by a device and a method according to the claims.

[0006] According to the present invention, an electric motor is constructed. The electric motor comprises:

[0007] - rotor;

[0008] -stator;

[0009] - an axis of rotation about which the rotor is rotatable relative to the stator.

[0010] In addition, a first coil row is constructed, the first coil row has a plurality of first coils, and the first coils are arranged on the rotor or the stator in a distributed manner around the rotation axis in a first regular pattern. In addition, a second coil row is constructed, the second coil row has a plurality of second coils, the second coils are arranged on the rotor or the stator in a distributed manner around the rotation axis in a second regular pattern in space separated from the first coil row, and the second coils of the second coil row can be energized independently of the first coils of the first coil row.

[0011] The electric motor according to the invention thus has the advantage that a plurality of operating modes can be realized by the design according to the invention with two coil rows, and thus the electric motor can be used in a variety of ways.

[0012] The expression "one and the same component selected from the group consisting of rotor and stator" has the following meaning: If the first coil row is arranged on the rotor, then the second coil row is also arranged on the rotor. If the first coil row is arranged on the stator, then the second coil row is also arranged on the stator.

[0013] A plurality of first coils of a first coil row can be indexed and thus identified as individual coils. Such an index can be constructed as follows: first first coil, second first coil, third first coil, fourth first coil, and so on.

[0014] A plurality of second coils of the second coil row can be indexed and thus identified as individual coils. Such an index can be constructed as follows: first second coil, second second coil, third second coil, fourth second coil, and so on.

[0015] Furthermore, it may be expedient for all first coils of the first coil row to be arranged offset about the rotation axis by an offset angle relative to the nearest second coil of the second coil row. This has the advantage that improved operating properties of the electric motor can be achieved by this measure.

[0016] In other words, the first coil of the first coil row and the second coil of the second coil row can have the same regular model about the angular distribution in the arrangement structure around the rotation axis. The regular model of the second coil of the second coil row can be moved with respect to the regular model of the first coil of the first coil row by an offset angle. Thus, the first first coil can be arranged with an offset angle offset relative to the first second coil.

[0017] Furthermore, it can be provided that: a first core is inserted into the first coil, in particular the first cores each have a first laminate group, the first laminate group has a plurality of first laminates arranged one above the other, the first core is constructed in a U-shape with a first leg and a second leg and a first base connecting the two legs, and the first leg of the first core is respectively arranged within one of the first coils, and

[0018] A second core is inserted into the second coil, in particular the second core has a second laminated core, the second laminated core has a plurality of second laminated cores arranged one above the other, the second core is U-shaped with a first leg and a second leg and a second base connecting the two legs, and the first leg of the second core is arranged in each case within the second coil. This opposition brings the following unexpected advantage: this measure can achieve an improved efficiency of the electric motor. In particular, the structure of the core consisting of laminated cores can bring about a simplification in terms of manufacturability.

[0019] Furthermore, it can be provided that the offset angle is selected such that the second leg of the second core is arranged in an extension of the first leg of the first core and the first leg of the second core is arranged in an extension of the second leg of the first core. These measures can further improve the course of the magnetic lines of force, thereby further increasing the efficiency of the electric motor.

[0020] Also advantageous is a solution according to which it can be provided that the individual first coils of the first coil row can be energized completely independently of one another. This measure makes it possible to achieve a precise angular positioning of the rotor relative to the stator. In addition, this measure makes it possible to easily adapt the rotational speed.

[0021] In an alternative embodiment, it can be provided that the first coils of the first coil row are combined into a plurality of energized groups, the first coils of one energized group can be energized together, and the first coils of different energized groups can be energized independently of each other. This measure can achieve precise angular positioning of the rotor relative to the stator. In addition, this measure can simply adapt the speed.

[0022] In particular, it can be provided that the first coils of the first coil row are combined into a first energized group, a second energized group, and a third energized group. Thus, the individual first coils can be assigned to energized groups as follows: the first first coil—the first energized group; the second first coil—the second energized group; the third first coil—the third energized group; the fourth first coil—the first energized group; the fifth first coil—the second energized group; the sixth first coil—the third energized group; and so on.

[0023] In particular, it may be provided that the first coil row and the second coil row include the same number of coils.

[0024] In particular, it can be provided that the number of coils is divisible by three.

[0025] In particular, it can be provided that the first coil row includes twelve coils, four of which are combined into a first current-carrying group, four of which are combined into a second current-carrying group, and four of which are combined into a third current-carrying group. This design of the electric motor brings with it unexpected advantages with regard to the ratio of motor power to motor weight.

[0026] According to an improved solution, it is possible to construct a holding brake, on which a brake element is movably arranged, in particular movably in the axial direction, on the stator, and which is configured to engage in a positive locking manner with a shaped recess on the rotor. This measure can achieve that the universal applicability of the electric motor can be further improved. In particular, in combination with the expanded application possibilities of the first and second coil rows, the holding brake brings unexpected technical advantages in terms of application. In particular, when the electric motor is used in a vehicle, an external holding brake can be omitted by integrating the holding brake. As a result, the overall structure of the vehicle can be kept as simple as possible.

[0027] Furthermore, it may be expedient to form a toothing on the brake element and a mating toothing on the rotor, with which the toothing can be brought into positive engagement. In particular, a holding brake formed in this way can be activated by the toothing in any position, thereby enabling the rotor to be locked in almost any position.

[0028] In addition, it can be provided that: the first coil of the first coil row is controlled by the first circuit board, and the second coil of the second coil row is controlled by the second circuit board, and the first coil row and the second coil row are configured for redundant operation. The reliability of the electric motor can be improved by this measure. In particular, the electric motor can be used in safety-critical applications by this measure. For example, if the electric motor is used to operate in a vehicle and the electric motor is used to provide the necessary braking energy, it may be necessary or unavoidable in terms of safety technology that the electric motor has redundancy and thus produces a redundant braking system. In currently known applications, a separate and independently constructed emergency braking system can always be used here. The structure of the electric motor according to the present invention can save the separately constructed emergency braking system, and sufficient reliability can be achieved by the redundancy of the electric motor.

[0029] In addition, it can be provided that a plurality of the electric motors are installed in a vehicle. In this case, the individual electric motors can be designed redundantly with respect to one another. This can be the case, for example, if the electric motors are designed as wheel hub motors.

[0030] In addition, it can be provided that: the first coil row and the second coil row are arranged on the stator at a distance from each other in the axial direction, a central rotor disk of the rotor is arranged between the first coil row and the second coil row in the axial direction, the rotor is configured as an internal rotor, a central rotor disk magnet is arranged on the rotor disk in a first regular pattern distributed around the rotation axis, the rotor disk magnet is configured to cooperate with the first coil of the first coil row and the second coil of the second coil row, the rotor disk magnet has a south pole facing the first coil row and a north pole facing the second coil row in the first arrangement structure, and the rotor disk magnet has a north pole facing the first coil row and a south pole facing the second coil row in the second arrangement structure, in particular, the first arrangement structure of the rotor disk magnet and the second arrangement structure of the rotor disk magnet are alternated. This configuration has a particularly simple structure and can be simply manufactured and is also very strong.

[0031] In particular, it can be provided that the rotor disk magnet is designed to be cylindrical. Furthermore, it can be provided that the central axis of the cylindrical rotor disk magnet is parallel to the axis of rotation.

[0032] Of course, the rotor disk magnet can also be designed in a different shape and can have a rectangular cross section, for example.

[0033] According to a particular solution, it is possible that the first coil row and the second coil row are arranged on the stator at a distance from each other in the axial direction, the rotor is configured as an external rotor, and the rotor has a first end wall and a second end wall, the first coil row is assigned to the first end wall, and the second coil row is assigned to the second end wall. The electric motor configured in this way has a high power density.

[0034] According to an advantageous development, it can be provided that the rotor has first air gaps arranged in a first regular pattern around the rotation axis in the first end wall and is designed as a reluctance rotor. An electric motor designed in this way has a simple structure and can therefore be manufactured less prone to errors and also cost-effectively.

[0035] Advantageously, first end wall magnets are arranged on the first end wall in a distributed manner around the rotation axis in a first regular pattern, the first end wall magnets are configured to cooperate with the first coil of the first coil row, the first end wall magnets have a south pole facing the first coil row and a north pole facing away from the first coil row in the first end wall magnet arrangement structure, and the first end wall magnets have a north pole facing the first coil row and a south pole facing away from the first coil row in the second end wall magnet arrangement structure, and in particular, the first arrangement structure of the first end wall magnets and the second arrangement structure of the first end wall magnets are alternated. This brings the following advantages: the power of the electric motor can be further improved by this measure.

[0036] In addition, it can be provided that: second end wall magnets are arranged distributed around the rotation axis in a second regular pattern on the second end wall, the second end wall magnets are configured to cooperate with the second coil of the second coil row, the second end wall magnets have a south pole facing the second coil row and a north pole facing away from the second coil row in the second end wall magnet arrangement structure, and the second end wall magnets have a north pole facing the second coil row and a south pole facing away from the second coil row in the second end wall magnet arrangement structure, in particular, the first arrangement structure of the second end wall magnets and the second arrangement structure of the second end wall magnets are alternated. This brings the following advantages: the power of the electric motor can be further improved by this measure.

[0037] In particular, it can be provided that the end wall magnet is designed in a cylindrical manner. Furthermore, it can be provided that the central axis of the cylindrical rotor disk magnet is parallel to the axis of rotation.

[0038] Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that: first housing magnets are arranged on a housing radially outside the first coil in a first regular pattern distributed around the rotation axis, the first housing magnets are configured to cooperate with the first coil of the first coil row, the first housing magnets have a south pole facing the first coil row and a north pole facing away from the first coil row in the first housing magnet arrangement structure, and the first housing magnets have a north pole facing the first coil row and a south pole facing away from the first coil row in the second housing magnet arrangement structure, in particular, the first arrangement structure of the first housing magnet and the second arrangement structure of the first housing magnet are alternated. This brings the following advantage: the power of the electric motor can be further improved by this measure.

[0039] In addition, it can be provided that: second housing magnets are arranged distributed around the rotation axis in a second regular pattern on a housing radially outside the second coil, the second housing magnets are configured to cooperate with the second coil of the second coil row, the second housing magnets have a south pole facing the second coil row and a north pole facing away from the second coil row in the first housing magnet arrangement structure, and the second housing magnets have a north pole facing the second coil row and a south pole facing away from the second coil row in the second housing magnet structure, in particular, the first arrangement structure of the second housing magnet and the second arrangement structure of the second housing magnet are alternated. This brings the following advantage: the power of the electric motor can be further improved by this measure.

[0040] Furthermore, it can be provided that the first end wall of the rotor has a shaped element to which the motor connection component is coupled, in particular the shaped element being designed in the form of one or more pins protruding axially from the first end wall. This has the advantage that the number of components can be reduced overall by this measure. In particular, it can be provided that the pins protruding axially from the first end wall have a thread and can thus be used to accommodate a wheel rim. In particular, it can be provided that a centering shoulder is provided in the central region of the rotor. The centering shoulder can be used to center the wheel rim.

[0041] In particular, it can be provided that a motor designed in this way is used as a wheel hub motor.

[0042] A component that is coupled to a motor or driven by a motor, such as a wheel rim, may be referred to as a motor-connecting component.

[0043] Furthermore, it can be provided that the first core is inserted into the first coil such that the open end of the first leg of the first core facing away from the first base and the open end of the second leg of the first core facing away from the first base face in the direction of the first end wall. This measure can further improve the power of the electric motor.

[0044] An advantageous embodiment is also one according to which it can be provided that a motor housing is formed, within which a temperature sensor is arranged. This measure can improve the monitorability of the electric motor and thus the durability of the electric motor.

[0045] According to a further development, it is possible to provide a position transmitter on the rotor. In particular, it can be provided that a sensor is configured to cooperate with the position transmitter. This measure allows the speed and position of the rotor to be monitored with high accuracy.

[0046] In particular, it can be provided that the position transmitter is designed in the form of a disk with flanks arranged on the circumference. Furthermore, it can be provided that a position sensor is provided for detecting the position of the position transmitter. In particular, it can be provided that the position sensor is designed in the form of a Hall sensor which detects each of the flanks.

[0047] In an alternative embodiment variant, it is also conceivable to use a permanent magnet of the motor as a position transmitter for a position sensor, in particular a Hall sensor.

[0048] Furthermore, it may be expedient for the first coil row and the second coil row to be arranged on the stator at a distance from one another in the radial direction. An electric motor constructed in this way may in particular have a short structure in the axial direction and may thus be installed for various applications where space is limited. In particular, it may be provided that the first coil is arranged on a first diameter and the second coil is arranged on a second diameter.

[0049] Furthermore, it can be provided that a brake surface is formed directly on the rotor and a brake lining is provided on the stator, which is intended to cooperate with the brake surface in a friction-locking manner. This brings with it the advantage that the electric motor can be used simultaneously as a mechanical brake. This can additionally increase the operating safety. For example, when the electric motor is used as a wheel hub motor, sufficient operating safety can be achieved by this measure.

[0050] In addition, it can be provided that: the rotor comprises a first rotor disk and a second rotor disk, the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk are arranged at a distance from each other, the first coil row is assigned to the first rotor disk, and the second coil row is assigned to the second rotor disk, a first slide guide is constructed in the first rotor disk, and a second slide guide is constructed in the second rotor disk, a guide pin is constructed, the guide pin is guided in the first slide guide and the second slide guide, the guide pin is coupled to a connecting member, and the connecting member extends radially outward between the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk. This brings about additional application possibilities of the electric motor.

[0051] According to the invention, a vehicle is constructed. The vehicle comprises an electric motor constructed according to one of the above-described embodiments. In particular, it can be provided that the electric motor is designed as a wheel hub motor.

[0052] The use of the electric motor according to the invention as a vehicle motor, in particular as a wheel hub motor, brings with it the advantage that the vehicle safety can be unexpectedly improved by this measure. This can be attributed to the redundancy or the diverse possibilities of use of the electric motor.

[0053] According to the invention, a method for operating the electric motor is provided in which the second coils of the second coil row are energized independently of the first coils of the first coil row in different operating modes.

[0054] The method according to the invention thus offers the advantage that a plurality of operating modes can be realized and the electric motor can thus be used in a variety of ways.

[0055] According to a particular solution, it is possible that: in a normal operating mode, the first coil of the first coil row and the second coil of the second coil row are energized so that the first coil of the first coil row and the second coil of the second coil row are used to apply a driving torque to the rotor;

[0056] In the recuperation mode, the first coil of the first coil row and the second coil of the second coil row are energized so that the first coil of the first coil row and the second coil of the second coil row are used to apply a braking torque to the rotor, and the energy generated thereby is fed into the grid or buffered in a battery;

[0057] In the hybrid mode, the first coil of the first coil row and the second coil of the second coil row are energized so that the first coil of the first coil row is used to apply a braking torque to the rotor and simultaneously the second coil of the second coil row is used to apply a driving torque to the rotor, and the energy generated in the first coil row is used in the second coil row.

[0058] Operating the electric motor in the aforementioned operating mode is advantageous in many applications. The aforementioned operating mode brings advantages in particular when the electric motor is used in a vehicle and in this case in particular as a wheel hub motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail with the aid of the following drawings.

[0060] Respectively in a strongly simplified schematic diagram:

[0061] Figure 1 A half-section view of a first embodiment of an electric motor having a motor housing is shown;

[0062] Figure 2 A detail view showing a first embodiment of an electric motor;

[0063] Figure 3 A half-section view showing a second embodiment of an electric motor having a motor housing;

[0064] Figure 4 A third embodiment of an electric motor having an air gap instead of magnets is shown;

[0065] Figure 5 A fourth embodiment of an electric motor having radially inner and radially outer coil rows is shown;

[0066] Figure 6 A fifth embodiment of an electric motor with a slide guide is shown;

[0067] Figure 7 A sixth exemplary embodiment of an electric motor with a mechanical friction lining brake is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] First of all, it should be pointed out that in the different described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, and the disclosure contained in the entire description can be transferred to the same parts with the same reference numerals or the same component names. The selected positional descriptions in the description, such as top, bottom, sideways, etc., also refer to the directly described and shown figures and these positional descriptions are transferred to the new positions in the case of a change in position.

[0069] Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an electric motor 1. The electric motor 1 comprises a rotor 2 and a stator 3. Figure 1 As can be seen, it can be provided that the electric motor 1 is designed as an internal rotor. In this case, the stator 3 can include a motor housing 4. In particular, it can be provided that the motor housing 4 includes a plurality of individual components. Figure 1The motor housing 4 is shown in a half-section, so that the internal components of the electric motor 1 are visible.

[0070] Furthermore, it can be provided that the rotor 2 can rotate relative to the stator 3 about the rotation axis 5. Furthermore, it can be provided that a rotor shaft 6 is provided for coupling the components to be driven with the electric motor 1. Figure 1 As can also be seen, provision can be made for a first coil row 7 having a plurality of first coils 8 and a second coil row 9 having a plurality of second coils 10 to be coupled to the stator 3 .

[0071] The individual first coils 8 of the first coil row 7 can be arranged in a regular pattern distributed around the rotation axis 5. In particular, it can be provided that the individual first coils 8 have the same structure. The individual first coils 8 arranged distributed on the periphery can also have specific index marks, such as the first first coil 8.1, the second first coil 8.2, the third first coil 8.3, etc.

[0072] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 Details in the Figure 2 The individual coils 8, 10 and the structure of the coils 8, 10 are shown in FIG. Figure 2 One of the second coils 10 is hidden in the figure. The other of the second coils 10 and one of the first coils 8 are shown in a half-section view so that components described later are visible.

[0073] As from Figure 2 As can be seen particularly well, provision can be made for a first core 11 to be formed. The first core 11 can include a first laminated core 12 consisting of a plurality of individual first laminated cores 13. The individual first laminated cores 13 can be arranged in overlapping layers.

[0074] In particular, it can be provided that the first iron core 11 has a first leg 14 and a second leg 15. The first leg 14 and the second leg 15 can be arranged parallel to each other. In addition, it can be provided that the first leg 14 and the second leg 15 are coupled to each other by means of the first base 16. In particular, it can be provided that the first leg 14, the second leg 15 and the base 16 are configured in a U shape. In addition, it can be provided that the first coil 8 surrounds the first leg 14.

[0075] Furthermore, provision may be made for a second core 17 to be formed. The second core 17 may have a second laminated core 18 consisting of a plurality of individual second laminated cores 19. The individual second laminated cores 19 may be arranged one above the other in overlapping layers.

[0076] In particular, it can be provided that the second core 17 has a first leg 20 and a second leg 21. The first leg 20 and the second leg 21 can be arranged parallel to each other. In addition, it can be provided that the first leg 20 and the second leg 21 are coupled to each other by means of the second base 22. In particular, it can be provided that the first leg 20, the second leg 21 and the base 16 are configured in a U shape. In addition, it can be provided that the second coil 10 surrounds the first leg 20.

[0077] The first leg 14 and the second leg 15 of the first core 11 and the first leg 20 and the second leg 22 of the second core 17 may face each other at their open ends.

[0078] In particular, it can be provided that the first coil 8 is screwed to the motor housing 4 by means of the first iron core 17 and the second coil 10 is screwed to the motor housing 4 by means of the second iron core 17. In this case, the first iron core 17 or the second iron core 17 can be screwed directly to the motor housing 4.

[0079] In particular, it can be provided that the first leg 14 of the first core 11 and the second leg 21 of the second core 17 are arranged opposite one another or in extension of one another. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first leg 20 of the second core 17 and the second leg 15 of the first core 11 are arranged opposite one another or aligned with one another. Thus, it can be provided that the first first coil 8.1 and the first second coil 10.1 are arranged at an offset angle 23 to one another. Here, the offset angle 23 results from the distance between the first leg 14 and the second leg 15 of the first core 11.

[0080] As from Figure 2 As can be clearly seen, it can be provided that the first coil 8 and the first core 11 are designed to be identical in structure to the second coil 10 and the second core 17. In particular, it can be provided that the second coil 10 and the second core 17 are mounted rotated 180° relative to the first coil 8 and the first core 11.

[0081] As from Figure 1 and Figure 2 As can be seen, provision can be made for a central rotor disk 24 to be formed which is rotatable about the axis of rotation 5 as part of the rotor 2 .

[0082] A rotor disk magnet 25 may be arranged in the central rotor disk 24. Here, the rotor disk magnet 25 may penetrate the central rotor disk 24 in the axial direction. In addition, it may be provided that the rotor disk magnets 25 are alternately arranged in the central rotor disk 24 so that the north pole of one of the rotor disk magnets 25 is assigned to the first coil row 7 and the south pole of this rotor disk magnet 25 is assigned to the second coil row 9. The rotor disk magnet 25 adjacent thereto may be constructed so that the south pole of this adjacent rotor disk magnet 25 faces the first coil row 7 and the north pole of this adjacent rotor disk magnet 25 faces the second coil row 9.

[0083] Here, the first leg 14 and the second leg 15 of the first core 11 can face the central rotor disk 24 at their open ends facing away from the first base 16. In particular, it can be provided that the first core 11 together with the central rotor disk 24 or the rotor disk magnets 25 arranged in the central rotor disk 24 are used to form magnetic field lines.

[0084] As from Figure 2 As can also be seen, it can be provided that a holding brake 26 is formed in the electric motor 1. In this case, it can be provided that a brake element 27 is accommodated on the stator 3 so as to be displaceable in the axial direction. Furthermore, it can be provided that a shaped recess 28 is formed on the rotor 2, with which the brake element 27 can be brought into a positive engagement by axial displacement. In the present exemplary embodiment, a toothing 29 is formed on the brake element 27. A mating toothing 30 is formed on the rotor 2, which can cooperate with the toothing 29. In particular, it can be provided that the mating toothing 30 is arranged on the central rotor disk 24.

[0085] Of course, the holding brake 26 can also be designed differently in different configurations.

[0086] As in Figure 1 As schematically shown in , it can be provided that: a first circuit board 31 and a second circuit board 32 are constructed. The first circuit board 31 can be used to control the first coil row 7, and the second circuit board 32 can be used to control the second coil row 9. The first circuit board 31 and the second circuit board 32 can be used to control the corresponding coil rows independently of each other, so that the electric motor 1 can have redundancy for safe operation. In particular, it can be provided that: the first circuit board 31 and the second circuit board 32 are controlled by a common control device. In an alternative embodiment variant, it can be provided that: in order to control the first circuit board 31 and the second circuit board 32, a separate control device is constructed respectively.

[0087] Furthermore, it may be provided that a temperature sensor 33 is arranged within the motor housing 4 . The temperature sensor 33 may be used to determine the internal temperature in the motor housing 4 .

[0088] As from Figure 1 As can also be seen, it can be provided that a position transmitter 34 is provided, which can be used together with a corresponding sensor to determine the angular position of the rotor 2. In particular, it can be provided that the position transmitter 34 is designed in the form of a disk, which has individual flanks on its outer circumference, which have a tooth-like shape. The rising flanks can be detected by means of the sensor, and the current angular position can be calculated back via the division of the flanks.

[0089] exist Figure 3 A further and possibly independent embodiment of an electric motor 1 is shown in FIG. 1 , which also uses the same components as in the previous Figure 1 and Figure 2 In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference or reference to the previous Figure 1 and Figure 2 Detailed description in .

[0090] Figure 3 The second embodiment of the electric motor 1 in FIG. Figure 1 The view shown.

[0091] As from Figure 3 As can be seen, it can be provided that the electric motor 1 is designed as an external rotor motor. In particular, it can be provided that the motor housing 4 of the external rotor motor is designed as part of the rotor 2 .

[0092] Furthermore, it can be provided that a first end wall 35 is formed and a second end wall 36 is formed. The first end wall 35 can be associated with the first coil row 7 and the second end wall 36 can be associated with the second coil row 9 .

[0093] The first end wall 35 and the second end wall 36 can be coupled to the motor housing 4 in a rotationally rigid manner, or the first end wall 35 and the second end wall 36 can be formed directly in the motor housing 4 and thus form part of the rotor 2 .

[0094] As from Figure 3 As can also be seen, provision can be made for a first end wall magnet 37 to be arranged in the first end wall 35 . Furthermore, provision can be made for a second end wall magnet 38 to be arranged on the second end wall 36 .

[0095] Here, the first end wall magnets 37 can be alternately arranged in the first end wall 35, so that the north pole of one of the first end wall magnets 37 is assigned to the first coil row 7, and the south pole of this first end wall magnet 37 faces outward. The first end wall magnets 37 adjacent thereto can be constructed so that the south pole of this adjacent first end wall magnet 37 faces the first coil row 7 and the north pole of this adjacent first end wall magnet 37 faces outward.

[0096] Similarly to this, the second end wall magnets 38 may be alternately arranged in the second end wall 36 .

[0097] As in Figure 3 As also shown in FIG. 4 , in addition or alternatively to the end wall magnets 37 and 38, a first housing magnet 50 and a second housing magnet 51 can be arranged in the motor housing 4. Here, the first housing magnet 50 can be arranged radially outside the first coil row 7. The second housing magnet 51 can be arranged radially outside the second coil row 10.

[0098] Furthermore, it can be provided that a shaped element 39 is coupled to the first end wall 35 or to the motor housing 4, which serves to drive or to transmit a rotational torque to the motor connecting component in a form-fitting manner. In particular, it can be provided that the shaped element 39 is designed in the form of a pin protruding axially from the first end wall 35. If the electric motor 1 is designed, for example, as a wheel hub motor, it can be provided that the shaped element 39 is designed as a threaded pin and serves directly to accommodate the wheel rim.

[0099] As from Figure 3 As can also be seen, provision can be made for the first coil row 7 and the second coil row 9 to be arranged axially between the first end wall 35 and the second end wall 36 .

[0100] Furthermore, it may be provided that the first base 16 of the first core 11 and the second base 22 of the second core 17 face each other. Furthermore, the first leg 14 and the second leg 15 of the first core 11 may face the first end wall 35 and open in the direction of the first end wall 35. Furthermore, the first leg 20 and the second leg 22 of the second core 17 may face the second end wall 36 and open in the direction of the second end wall 36.

[0101] As from Figure 3 As can also be seen, provision can be made for the stator 3 to include a carrier component 40 which is arranged between the first coil row 7 and the second coil row 9 and serves to accommodate the first coil row 7 and the second coil row 9 .

[0102] exist Figure 4 A further and possibly independent embodiment of an electric motor 1 is shown in FIG. 1 , which also uses the same components as in the previous Figures 1 to 3 In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference or reference to the previous Figures 1 to 3 Detailed description in .

[0103] Figure 4 Show Figure 3 An embodiment of a variation of the external rotor motor in Figure 3 The electric motor 1 in FIG. has a similar structure. Figure 4As can be seen, it can be provided that a plurality of first air gaps 41 are arranged distributed over the circumference in the first end wall 35. These first gaps 41 can be designed instead of the first end wall magnets 37. This arrangement of the first air gaps 41 can form a reluctance motor.

[0104] Similar to the first end wall 35 , an air gap may also be provided in the second end wall 36 .

[0105] exist Figure 5 A further and possibly independent embodiment of an electric motor 1 is shown in FIG. 1 , which also uses the same components as in the previous Figures 1 to 4 In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference or reference to the previous Figures 1 to 4 Detailed description in .

[0106] As from Figure 5 As can be seen, it can be provided that in this other configuration, the first coil row 7 is arranged radially outside around the second coil row 9. Here, the individual first coils 8 or the individual second coils 10 can be constructed as in the previous embodiments. For simplicity, the structure of the coils 8, 10 refers to the scheme already mentioned.

[0107] In accordance with Figure 5 In the embodiment of the present invention, it can be provided that the first core 11 and the second core 17 have the same orientation. In particular, it can be provided that the first end wall magnet 37 for cooperating with the first coil 8 and the second end wall magnet 38 for cooperating with the second coil 10 are both arranged in the first end wall 35 .

[0108] according to Figure 5 The electric motor 1 can also be designed as an external rotor.

[0109] exist Figure 6 A further and possibly independent embodiment of an electric motor 1 is shown in FIG. 1 , which also uses the same components as in the previous Figures 1 to 5 In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference or reference to the previous Figures 1 to 5 Detailed description in .

[0110] As in accordance with Figure 6 As can be seen in the embodiment of the electric motor 1, it can be provided that a first rotor disk 42 and a second rotor disk 43 are configured. The first rotor disk 42 can be assigned to the first coil row 7. The second rotor disk 43 can be assigned to the second coil row 9. In addition, it can be provided that a first sliding groove guide 44 is configured in the first rotor disk 42. In addition, it can be provided that a second sliding groove guide 45 is configured in the second rotor disk 43.

[0111] In addition, it can be provided that a guide pin 46 is provided, which is engaged in the first slot guide 44 and the second slot guide 45. In addition, it can be provided that a connecting piece 47 is configured, which is coupled to the guide pin 46 and is pulled out through the motor housing 4. In particular, it can be provided that the first slot guide 44 and the second slot guide 45 have eccentric slot tracks. By rotating the first rotor disk 42 and the second rotor disk 43 by means of the first coil row 7 and the second coil row 9, the radial movement of the guide pin 46 can be achieved.

[0112] By coupling the connecting element 47 to the guide pin 46 , a radial displacement of the connecting element 47 can be achieved similarly to a crankshaft.

[0113] In particular, it can be provided that the first slotted link guide 44 and the second slotted link guide 45 are arranged helically in the first rotor disk 42 or in the second rotor disk 43. This measure allows a radial displacement of the guide pin 46 during a rotation of the rotor disks 42, 43.

[0114] exist Figure 7 A further and possibly independent embodiment of an electric motor 1 is shown in an exemplary sectional view, the same reference numerals or component names being used as in the previous Figures 1 to 6 To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference or Figures 1 to 6 Detailed description in .

[0115] As from Figure 7 As can be seen, provision can be made for a brake surface 48 to be formed on the rotor 2 , which serves to cooperate with a brake lining 49 . In particular, provision can be made here for the brake lining 49 to be coupled to the motor housing 4 so as to be axially displaceable and to be formed to press against the brake surface 48 .

[0116] Each embodiment shows possible implementation variants. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the implementation variants specifically shown. On the contrary, different combinations of the various implementation variants are possible and this possibility of variation is within the capabilities of those skilled in the art based on the teaching of the technical means through the specific present invention.

[0117] The scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the description and the drawings are to be taken into account for the interpretation of the claims. Individual features or combinations of features in the different embodiments shown and described may be independent inventive solutions in themselves. Tasks based on independent inventive solutions can be derived from the description.

[0118] All descriptions of numerical ranges in a specific specification should be understood as including any and all sub-ranges resulting therefrom, for example, the description 1 to 10 should be understood as including all sub-ranges starting from a lower limit of 1 and an upper limit of 10, that is, all sub-ranges starting with a lower limit of 1 or greater and ending with an upper limit of 10 or less, for example 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1, or 5.5 to 10.

[0119] Finally, it should be pointed out that, in order to facilitate a better understanding of the construction, some elements are shown not to scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

[0120] Reference numerals list

[0121] 1 Electric motor

[0122] 2 rotors

[0123] 3. Stator

[0124] 4Motor housing

[0125] 5 Rotation axis

[0126] 6 Rotor shaft

[0127] 7First coil row

[0128] 8First coil

[0129] 9 Second coil row

[0130] 10 Second coil

[0131] 11First Core

[0132] 12 The first lamination group

[0133] 13 First stack

[0134] 14First leg of the first core

[0135] 15 The second leg of the first core

[0136] 16First base of the first core

[0137] 17 Second core

[0138] 18 Second lamination group

[0139] 19 Second stack

[0140] 20First leg of the second core

[0141] 21 The second leg of the second core

[0142] 22 second base of the second core

[0143] 23Offset Angle

[0144] 24 center rotor disc

[0145] 25 rotor disk magnets

[0146] 26 Stop brake

[0147] 27 Braking elements

[0148] 28 forming gap

[0149] 29 teeth

[0150] 30 matching teeth

[0151] 31 First Circuit Board

[0152] 32 Second circuit board

[0153] 33 Temperature sensor

[0154] 34 Position transmitter

[0155] 35 first end wall

[0156] 36 Second end wall

[0157] 37 first end wall magnet

[0158] 38 Second end wall magnet

[0159] 39 Forming elements

[0160] 40 load-bearing components

[0161] 41 First Air Gap

[0162] 42 first rotor disk

[0163] 43 Second rotor disc

[0164] 44 first chute guide portion

[0165] 45 second chute guide portion

[0166] 46 guide pins

[0167] 47 Connectors

[0168] 48 braking surface

[0169] 49 brake lining

[0170] 50 first shell magnet

[0171] 51 Second housing magnet.

Claims

1. An electric motor (1), comprising: - rotor (2); - a stator (3), the rotor (2) being rotatable relative to the stator (3) about a rotation axis (5), It is characterized in that A first coil row (7) is constructed, the first coil row having a plurality of first coils (8), the first coils (8) being arranged on the rotor (2) or on the stator (3) in a distributed manner around the rotation axis (5) in a first regular pattern, and A second coil row (9) is configured, the second coil row having a plurality of second coils (10), the second coils (10) being arranged on the rotor (2) or on the stator (3) in a distributed manner around the rotation axis (5) in a second regular pattern, The first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) are arranged spatially separated from each other on the same component selected from the rotor (2) or the stator (3). The second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) can be energized independently of the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7).

2. The electric motor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that All first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) are arranged offset by an offset angle (23) about the rotation axis (5) relative to the nearest second coil (10) of the second coil row (9).

3. The electric motor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A first iron core (11) is inserted into the first coil (8), in particular the first iron core (11) comprises a first laminate group (12), the first laminate group comprises a plurality of first laminates (13) arranged one above the other, the first iron core (11) is constructed in a U-shape with a first leg (14) and a second leg (15) and a first base (16) connecting the two legs (14, 15), and the first leg (14) of the first iron core (11) is respectively arranged within one of the first coils (8), and A second core (17) is inserted into the second coil (10), in particular the second core (17) comprises a second laminated core (18), the second laminated core comprises a plurality of second laminated cores (19) arranged one above the other, the second core (17) is constructed in a U-shape with a first leg (20) and a second leg (21) and a second base (22) connecting the two legs (20, 21), and the first leg (20) of the second core (17) is arranged within the second coil (10).

4. The electric motor (1) according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that The offset angle (23) is selected such that the second leg (21) of the second core (17) is arranged in an extension of the first leg (14) of the first core (11) and the first leg (20) of the second core (17) is arranged in an extension of the second leg (15) of the first core (11).

5. The electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The individual first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) can be energized completely independently of each other, or The first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) are combined into a plurality of energized groups; the first coils (8) of one energized group can be energized together, and the first coils of different energized groups can be energized independently of each other.

6. The electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A holding brake (26) is provided, on the stator (3) a braking element (27) being arranged displaceably, in particular displaceably in the axial direction, and being designed to engage in a positively locking manner with a shaped recess (28) on the rotor (2).

7. The electric motor (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that A toothing (29) is formed on the brake element (27), and a mating toothing (30) is formed on the rotor (2), with which the toothing (29) can be brought into positive engagement.

8. The electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The first coil (8) of the first coil row (7) is controlled by a first printed circuit board (31), and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) is controlled by a second printed circuit board (32), the first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) being designed for redundant operation.

9. The electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) are arranged on the stator (3) at a distance from each other in the axial direction. A central rotor disk (24) of the rotor (2) is arranged between the first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) in the axial direction. The rotor (2) is configured as an internal rotor. Central rotor disk magnets (25) are arranged on the rotor disk (24) in a distributed manner around the rotation axis (5) in a first regular pattern. The rotor disk magnets (25) are configured to cooperate with the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9). In a first arrangement structure, the rotor disk magnets (25) respectively have a south pole facing the first coil row (7) and a north pole facing the second coil row (9), and in a second arrangement structure, the rotor disk magnets (25) respectively have a north pole facing the first coil row (7) and a south pole facing the second coil row (9). In particular, the first arrangement structure of the rotor disk magnets (25) and the second arrangement structure of the rotor disk magnets (25) are alternated.

10. The electric motor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) are arranged on the stator (3) at a distance from each other in the axial direction, the rotor (2) is configured as an external rotor, and the rotor (2) has a first end wall (35) and a second end wall (36), the first coil row (7) is assigned to the first end wall (35), and the second coil row (9) is assigned to the second end wall (36).

11. The electric motor (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that The rotor (2) has first air gaps (41) which are arranged distributed in a first regular pattern around the rotation axis (5) in the first end wall (35) and are configured as a reluctance rotor.

12. The electric motor (1) according to any one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that First end wall magnets (37) are distributed on the first end wall (35) in a first regular pattern around the rotation axis (5), and the first end wall magnets (37) are configured to cooperate with the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7). The first end wall magnets (37) have a south pole facing the first coil row (7) and a north pole facing away from the first coil row (7) in the first end wall magnet arrangement structure, and the first end wall magnets (37) have a north pole facing the first coil row (7) and a south pole facing away from the first coil row (7) in the second end wall magnet arrangement structure. In particular, the first arrangement structure of the first end wall magnets (37) and the second arrangement structure of the first end wall magnets (37) are alternated.

13. The electric motor (1) according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that The first end wall (35) of the rotor (2) has a shaped element (39), and the motor connection component is coupled to the shaped element (39) of the rotor (2), in particular, the shaped element (39) is configured in the form of one or more pins protruding axially from the first end wall (35).

14. The electric motor (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 13 and 10 to 13, characterized in that The first core (11) is inserted into the first coil (8) so that the open ends of the first leg (14) and the second leg (15) of the first core (11) facing away from the first base (16) face in the direction of the first end wall (35).

15. The electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A motor housing (4) is provided, within which a temperature sensor (33) is arranged.

16. The electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A position transmitter (34) is arranged on the rotor (2).

17. The electric motor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) are arranged on the stator (3) at a distance from each other in a radial direction.

18. The electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A braking surface (48) is formed directly on the rotor (2), and a brake lining (49) is arranged on the stator (3), which is used to cooperate with the braking surface (48) in a friction-locking manner.

19. The electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The rotor (2) comprises a first rotor disk (42) and a second rotor disk (43), the first rotor disk (42) and the second rotor disk (43) being arranged at a distance from each other, the first coil row (7) being assigned to the first rotor disk (42), and the second coil row (9) being assigned to the second rotor disk (43), a first slot guide (44) being configured in the first rotor disk (42), and a second slot guide (45) being configured in the second rotor disk (43), a guide pin (46) being configured, the guide pin being guided in the first slot guide (44) and in the second slot guide (45), the guide pin (46) being coupled to a connecting piece (47), the connecting piece extending radially outward between the first rotor disk (42) and the second rotor disk (43).

20. A vehicle having an electric motor, It is characterized in that The electric motor is designed according to one of the preceding claims, in particular the electric motor is used as a wheel hub motor.

21. Method for operating an electric motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that In different operating modes, the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) is energized independently of the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7).

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that In a normal operation mode, the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) are energized so that the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) are used to apply a driving torque to the rotor (2); In the recuperation mode, the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) are energized so that the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) are used to apply a braking torque to the rotor (2), and the energy generated thereby is fed into a power grid or buffered in an energy storage device; In the mixed mode, the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) are energized so that the first coil (8) of the first coil row (7) is used to apply a braking torque to the rotor (2) and the second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) is used to apply a braking torque to the rotor (2) at the same time, and the energy generated in the first coil row (7) is used in the second coil row (9).

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