Constant tension brake for underwater winch

Abstract

A constant tension brake for an underwater winch comprises an oil cylinder power unit, a transmission shaft system, a rope pressing device, a chain type brake band and a cam mechanism, all parts of the cam mechanism are arranged on the transmission shaft system and the rope pressing device, and the transmission shaft system is used for transmitting movement of the oil cylinder power unit and the cam mechanism. The transmission shaft system comprises two sets of independent transmission units; the two winch side plates are distributed in a spaced mode, a winding drum is installed between the winch side plates, the transmission shaft system penetrates through the winch side plates, the oil cylinder power unit and the chain type brake band are connected through the transmission shaft system and distributed on the two sides of the winch side plates, and the chain type brake band surrounds the winding drum. The braking torque is linearly related to the chain tension, and the braking torque is accurate and controllable; the device has the advantages of being accurate and adjustable in braking torque, accurate and controllable in braking slip cable tension, self-adaptive to cable arrangement layer number change and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of brakes for diving devices, in particular to a constant tension brake for an underwater winch. Background Art

[0002] The underwater winch is equipped with diving equipment and works in the deep sea environment. The diving equipment is deployed and recovered by the deck winch of the mother ship. The underwater winch winds the steel cable to guide the diving equipment along the steel cable path to approach the underwater target (the end of the steel cable is connected to the underwater target), and assists the diving equipment to dock with the target. The deck winch, diving equipment and underwater target are connected in series by armored cables and steel cables in turn. During the operation, affected by the heave and sinking of the mother ship or the misoperation of the deck winch, the underwater winch in the braking state is instantly subjected to uncertain surface tension. Under this working condition, the brake of the underwater winch needs to slip under the action of external force, passively release part of the steel cable, release the additional load transmitted from the water surface, and prevent the underwater winch and underwater target from being damaged or the steel cable from breaking. To ensure the safety of the equipment, during the braking and slipping of the underwater winch, the brake torque must be stable and the brake tension of the winch cable outlet must be constant.

[0003] Due to the limitation of the main size of the equipment and the influence of the operating depth, underwater winches usually use multi-layer cable arrangement. When the braking torque of the brake is constant, the outer diameter of the drum changes greatly due to the number of cable layers, which will cause large fluctuations in the braking tension of the cable. The brake needs to adapt to the change in the number of cable layers to adjust the braking torque. Commonly used brakes on the market usually do not support the braking slip function. After long-distance braking slip, the brake pads are easy to wear and the braking torque drops significantly. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing production technology, the applicant provides a constant tension brake for an underwater winch, which has the characteristics of precise adjustable braking torque, precise controllable braking slip cable tension and adaptive change of cable arrangement layer number.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A constant tension brake for an underwater winch, comprising an oil cylinder power unit, a transmission shaft system, a rope presser, a chain brake belt and a cam mechanism, wherein the components of the cam mechanism are arranged on the transmission shaft system and the rope presser, the transmission shaft system is used to transmit the movement of the oil cylinder power unit and the cam mechanism, and the transmission shaft system comprises two sets of independent transmission units;

[0007] It also includes two winch side plates that are distributed at intervals, a drum is installed between the winch side plates, a transmission shaft system runs through the winch side plates, a cylinder power unit and a chain brake belt are connected through the transmission shaft system and distributed on both sides of the winch side plates, and the chain brake belt surrounds the drum.

[0008] Its further technical solution is:

[0009] The oil cylinder power unit is vertically mounted on the outside of one of the winch side plates.

[0010] The cylinder power unit is the power and motion output unit of the brake. The structure of the cylinder power unit is: it includes a cylinder body, a disc spring tube, a disc spring, a cylinder pull rod and a cylinder hinge shaft. The output end of the cylinder body is connected to the cylinder pull rod. A disc spring is installed on the outside of the cylinder pull rod. A disc spring tube is installed on the outside of the disc spring. The cylinder pull rod performs telescopic motion along the disc spring tube under the joint action of the cylinder body and the disc spring.

[0011] The oil cylinder articulated shaft is connected with the transmission shaft system.

[0012] The structure of the transmission shaft system is: including a brake pull rod swing arm, a cam rocker arm, a cam lift roller, a cylinder seat, a cylinder pull rod swing arm, a solid shaft, a hollow shaft and a key; the hollow shaft passes through and is installed on the winch side plate, and the two ends of the hollow shaft are respectively connected to the cylinder seat and the cam rocker arm to form a hollow shaft transmission unit; the solid shaft is adapted to the central through hole of the hollow shaft, and the two ends of the solid shaft are respectively connected to the cylinder pull rod swing arm and the brake pull rod swing arm to form a solid shaft transmission unit.

[0013] The structure of the chain brake belt is as follows: it includes a roller chain, a nylon damping block, a movable end pull rod, a fixed end pull rod and a spring. A series of nylon damping blocks are embedded in each chain link groove of the roller chain. The nylon damping block embraces the drum. The two ends of the movable end pull rod are respectively connected to the roller chain and the brake pull rod swing arm. The preload force is applied to the nylon block through the roller chain, thereby braking the drum.

[0014] An annular flange is arranged on the outer side of the reel, and the nylon damping block surrounds the annular flange.

[0015] The structure of the cam mechanism is as follows: it includes a cam swing rod, a cam lift roller, a cam swing arm and a cam plate, the cam swing arm is fixed on the rope presser and swings along with the rope presser, and the cam plate contacts the cam lift roller.

[0016] The cam plate is fastened to the cam swing arm by bolts. In the braking and cable-releasing condition, when the rope presser and the cam swing arm swing with the change of the number of cable layers, the cam plate drives the cam swing rod to rotate through the cam lift roller, and successively transmits the motion to the chain brake belt through the hollow shaft transmission unit, the cylinder power unit and the solid shaft transmission unit, thereby adjusting the braking torque of the brake and keeping the braking tension of the steel cable unchanged.

[0017] The cam plate adopts an integrated structure, and the working profile of the cam plate is divided into a non-working section, an initial position section and a lifting section. The initial position section corresponds to the innermost layer of the cable, and the number of cable layers on the drum increases gradually from the initial position section to the lifting section.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] The invention has a compact and reasonable structure and is easy to operate. The invention realizes related functions through the cooperation between the module components such as the oil cylinder power unit, the transmission shaft system, the chain brake belt and the cam mechanism, and cooperates with the winch drum and the rope presser. The oil cylinder power unit is composed of an oil cylinder, an oil cylinder pull rod, a disc spring assembly and a disc spring barrel, etc. The chain brake belt can be driven by the transmission shaft system to release the brake or maintain the brake. The chain brake belt is composed of a chain, a nylon damping block, a pull rod and a spring, etc. A series of nylon damping blocks are embedded in each chain of the chain. In the joint groove, under the action of the chain preload, the nylon damping block embraces the annular flange on the side of the winch drum, thereby realizing the braking function and ensuring that the braking torque is linearly related to the chain tension and the braking torque is precisely controllable; the cam plate on the chain cam mechanism is installed on the winch rope presser swing arm and swings with the rope presser, the rope presser is close to the cable in the winch drum and swings with it, and the lift roller of the cam mechanism drives the transmission shaft system to adjust the braking torque of the chain brake belt, thereby ensuring that the cable slip tension of different cable layers of the winch is constant.

[0020] At the same time, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0021] (1) The present invention is very suitable for underwater environments and does not need to be made into a pressure-bearing structure or a pressure-compensating structure;

[0022] (2) The present invention adopts a chain brake belt, which has precise friction resistance compared to traditional brakes, provides precise braking torque for the underwater winch, and protects the winch wire rope;

[0023] (3) The present invention adopts a cam mechanism, which is adaptive to the number of cable layers of the drum, and drives the cam mechanism through the rope presser to fine-tune the preload of the chain brake belt to ensure that the braking slip tension of the steel cables at different cable layers is constant when the winch brakes slip;

[0024] (4) The present invention is a brake with precisely adjustable braking torque and precisely controllable braking cable tension, which greatly improves the environmental adaptability and working reliability of the underwater winch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is the front view of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Full section view along section AA.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the oil cylinder power unit of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 It is a partial composition diagram of the brake of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Side view of.

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Full cross-sectional view along section BB.

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cam plate of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.10 It is a front view of the cam plate of the present invention.

[0035] Among them: 1. Cylinder power unit; 2. Transmission shaft system; 3. Rope presser; 4. Chain brake belt; 5. Drum; 6. Winch side plate;

[0036] 101, oil cylinder body; 102, disc spring tube; 103, disc spring; 104, oil cylinder tie rod; 105, oil cylinder articulated shaft;

[0037] 201, brake lever arm; 202, cam swing arm; 203, cam lift roller; 204, oil cylinder seat; 205, oil cylinder lever arm; 206, solid shaft; 207, hollow shaft;

[0038] 301, cam swing arm; 302, cam plate;

[0039] 3021, non-working section; 3022, initial position section; 3023, lifting section;

[0040] 401, roller chain; 402, nylon damping block; 403, movable end tie rod; 404, spring; 405, fixed end tie rod;

[0041] 501. Annular flange. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, the constant tension brake for underwater winch of this embodiment includes a cylinder power unit 1, a transmission shaft system 2, a rope presser 3, a chain brake belt 4 and a cam mechanism. The components of the cam mechanism are arranged on the transmission shaft system 2 and the rope presser 3. The transmission shaft system 2 is used to transmit the movement of the cylinder power unit 1 and the cam mechanism. The transmission shaft system 2 includes two sets of independent transmission units.

[0044] It also includes two winch side plates 6 that are distributed at intervals, a drum 5 is installed between the winch side plates 6, a transmission shaft system 2 passes through the winch side plates 6, a cylinder power unit 1 and a chain brake belt 4 are connected through the transmission shaft system 2 and distributed on both sides of the winch side plates 6, and the chain brake belt 4 embraces the drum 5.

[0045] The cylinder power unit 1 is vertically mounted on the outside of one of the winch side plates 6 .

[0046] The cylinder power unit 1 is the power and motion output unit of the brake. The structure of the cylinder power unit 1 is: it includes a cylinder body 101, a disc spring tube 102, a disc spring 103, a cylinder pull rod 104 and a cylinder hinge shaft 105. The output end of the cylinder body 101 is connected to the cylinder pull rod 104. The disc spring 103 is installed on the outside of the cylinder pull rod 104. The disc spring 103 is installed on the outside of the disc spring 103. The cylinder pull rod 104 performs telescopic motion along the disc spring tube 102 under the joint action of the cylinder body 101 and the disc spring 103.

[0047] The cylinder articulated shaft 105 is connected to the transmission shaft system 2 .

[0048] The structure of the transmission shaft system 2 is: including a brake rod swing arm 201, a cam rocker 202, a cam lift roller 203, a cylinder seat 204, a cylinder rod swing arm 205, a solid shaft 206, a hollow shaft 207 and a key; the hollow shaft 207 passes through and is installed on the winch side plate 6, and the two ends of the hollow shaft 207 are respectively connected to the cylinder seat 204 and the cam rocker 202 to form a hollow shaft transmission unit; the solid shaft 206 is adapted to the central through hole of the hollow shaft 207, and the two ends of the solid shaft 206 are respectively connected to the cylinder rod swing arm 205 and the brake rod swing arm 201 to form a solid shaft transmission unit.

[0049] The structure of the chain brake belt 4 is: including a roller chain 401, a nylon damping block 402, a movable end pull rod 403, a fixed end pull rod 405 and a spring 404. A series of nylon damping blocks 402 are embedded in each chain link groove of the roller chain 401. The nylon damping block 402 embraces the reel 5. The two ends of the movable end pull rod 403 are respectively connected to the roller chain 401 and the brake rod swivel arm 201. The pre-tightening force is applied to the nylon block through the roller chain 401, thereby braking the reel 5.

[0050] An annular flange 501 is disposed on the outer side of the reel 5 , and the nylon damping block 402 surrounds the annular flange 501 .

[0051] The structure of the cam mechanism is: including a cam rocker 202, a cam lift roller 203, a cam rocker arm 301 and a cam plate 302, the cam rocker arm 301 is fixed on the rope presser 3 and swings with the rope presser 3, and the cam plate 302 is in contact with the cam lift roller 203.

[0052] The cam plate 302 is fastened to the cam swing arm 301 by bolts. In the braking and cable-releasing condition, when the rope presser 3 and the cam swing arm 301 swing with the change of the number of cable layers, the cam plate 302 drives the cam swing rod 202 to rotate through the cam lift roller 203, and successively transmits the motion to the chain brake belt 4 through the hollow shaft transmission unit, the cylinder power unit 1 and the solid shaft transmission unit, and adjusts the braking torque of the brake to keep the braking tension of the steel cable unchanged.

[0053] The cam plate 302 adopts an integrated structure, and the working profile of the cam plate 302 is divided into a non-working section 3021, an initial position section 3022 and a lifting section 3023. The initial position section 3022 corresponds to the innermost layer of the cable, and the number of cable layers on the corresponding drum 5 increases gradually from the initial position section 3022 to the lifting section 3023.

[0054] The specific structure and function of the constant tension brake for underwater winch described in the present invention are as follows:

[0055] It mainly includes a cylinder power unit 1, a transmission shaft system 2, a rope presser 3, a chain brake belt 4 and a cam mechanism.

[0056] Among them, the various parts of the cam mechanism are arranged on the rope presser 3 and the transmission shaft system 2.

[0057] The transmission shaft system 2 penetrates the winch side plate 6, the cylinder power unit 1 and the chain brake belt 4 are connected through the transmission shaft system 2 and distributed on both sides of the winch side plate 6, and the chain brake belt 4 surrounds the drum 5 and forms a brake unit therewith.

[0058] Among them, the cylinder power unit 1 is the power and motion output unit of the brake, which is composed of components such as a cylinder body 101, a disc spring tube 102, a disc spring 103, a cylinder pull rod 104 and a cylinder articulated shaft 105.

[0059] The cylinder rod 104 telescopes along the disc spring tube 102 under the joint action of the cylinder body 101 and the disc spring 103. The cylinder rod 104 extends when the cylinder body 101 is pressurized and retracts when the pressure is released. The disc spring tube 102 is fastened to the cylinder seat 204 by bolts and swings with the cylinder seat 204. The cylinder articulated shaft 105 is hinged to the cylinder rod swing arm 205 in the transmission shaft system 2.

[0060] The transmission shaft system 2 transmits the movement and power of the oil cylinder power unit 1 and the cam mechanism, controls the braking tension of the chain brake belt 4, and includes two sets of independent transmission units.

[0061] The transmission shaft system 2 is composed of a brake rod swing arm 201, a cam rocker 202, a cam lift roller 203, a cylinder seat 204, a cylinder rod swing arm 205, a solid shaft 206, a hollow shaft 207 and a key and other parts: the hollow shaft 207 passes through and is installed on the winch side plate 6, and the two ends of the hollow shaft 207 are respectively connected to the cylinder seat 204 and the cam rocker 202 by keys to form a hollow shaft transmission unit; the solid shaft 206 is adapted to the central through hole of the hollow shaft 207 and can rotate around the hole, and the two ends of the solid shaft 206 are respectively connected to the cylinder rod swing arm 205 and the brake rod swing arm 201 by keys to form a solid shaft transmission unit.

[0062] Among them, the chain brake belt 4 is composed of parts such as a roller chain 401, a nylon damping block 402, a movable end pull rod 403, a spring 404 and a fixed end pull rod 405. A series of nylon damping blocks 402 are embedded in each chain link groove of the roller chain 401. The nylon damping block 402 embraces the annular flange 501 on the side of the drum 5. The two ends of the movable end pull rod 403 are respectively connected to the roller chain 401 and the brake pull rod swing arm 201. The preload force is applied to the nylon damping block 402 through the roller chain 401, thereby braking the winch drum 5. The threaded end of the fixed end pull rod 405 is fastened to the winch side plate 6 by a nut, and the other end is hinged to the roller chain 401.

[0063] Compared with the traditional modular brake, the friction system between nylon and steel fluctuates less, and after the nylon damping block 402 on the chain brake belt 4 is worn, the friction coefficient changes less, and the friction resistance of the brake is more precise. After the nylon damping block 402 is slightly worn, it only needs to adjust the end nut of the active end pull rod 403 to re-pretighten the roller chain 401 to restore to the rated braking torque. If the wear is large, the nylon damping block 402 can be replaced on site, which is more convenient to operate.

[0064] Among them, the cam mechanism is composed of a cam rocker 202, a cam lift roller 203, a cam swing arm 301 and a cam plate 302. The cam plate 302 is fastened to the cam swing arm 301 by bolts. The cam swing arm 301 is fixed on the rope presser 3 and swings around its rotating axis synchronously with the rope presser 3. The cam plate 302 is in contact and meshing with the cam lift roller 203.

[0065] In the winch brake and cable release working condition, when the rope presser 3 and the cam swing arm 301 swing with the change of the number of cable layers, the cam plate 302 drives the cam swing arm 202 to rotate through the cam lift roller 203, and transmits the motion to the chain brake belt 4 through the hollow shaft transmission unit, the cylinder power unit 1 and the solid shaft transmission unit in turn, and adjusts the braking torque of the brake to keep the steel cable braking tension unchanged. For example, when the number of steel cable layers on the drum 5 increases by one layer, the steel cable force arm increases. To maintain the steel cable braking tension unchanged, the brake braking torque needs to be increased in the same proportion. In this working condition, the rope presser 3 will swing toward the outside of the drum 5 by a cable diameter. Figure 6The cam swing arm 301 and the cam plate 302 in the figure rotate counterclockwise following the rope presser 3, and the cam plate 302 lifts the cam lift roller 203, driving the cam swing arm 202 to rotate clockwise, and then drives the brake rod rotating arm 201 to rotate clockwise through the hollow shaft transmission unit, the cylinder power unit 1 and the solid shaft transmission unit in sequence, thereby increasing the preload force of the active end of the chain brake belt 4 and increasing the braking torque of the brake.

[0066] Similarly, when the number of layers of the drum 5 decreases, the braking torque of the brake needs to be reduced, the rope presser 3 moves toward the inside of the drum 5, the brake lever arm 201 will rotate counterclockwise, the preload force of the active end of the chain brake belt 4 is reduced, and the braking torque of the brake is reduced.

[0067] Fig. 9 and Fig.10 This is the appearance diagram of the cam plate 302. The working contour of the cam plate 302 is divided into three sections, namely the non-working section 3021, the initial position section 3022 and the lifting section 3023. The initial position, wherein the initial position section 3022 corresponds to the innermost layer of the cable, and from the initial position section 3022 to the lifting section 3023, the number of cable layers on the corresponding drum 5 increases successively.

[0068] During the normal cable-retracting and -releasing operation of the winch, the brake needs to be fully opened, at which point the cylinder body 101 is pressurized to drive the cylinder rod 104 to lift out of the disc spring tube 102, and the cylinder rod 104 and the disc spring tube 102 bear opposite interaction forces: the disc spring tube 102 drives the hollow shaft transmission unit and the brake rod swivel arm 201 to rotate clockwise, causing the cam plate 302 and the cam lift roller 203 to separate quickly, thereby releasing the influence of the cam on the brake; the cylinder rod 104 drives the solid shaft transmission unit and the brake rod swivel arm 201 to rotate counterclockwise, releasing the preload of the chain brake belt 4, and the winch is in a non-braking state.

[0069] Due to the limitation of the main scale of the equipment and the influence of the operating depth, underwater winches usually use multi-layer cable arrangements. When the braking torque of the brake is constant, the outer diameter of the drum 5 changes greatly due to the number of cable layers, which will cause large fluctuations in the cable-out braking tension. The brake needs to adapt to the changes in the number of cable layers to adjust the braking torque.

[0070] The brake of the present invention is composed of modules such as a cylinder power unit 1, a hollow shaft transmission unit, a solid shaft transmission unit, a chain brake belt 4 and a cam mechanism, forming two motion and power transmission paths. In addition to having the functions of a conventional brake, the cam mechanism can also feedback the number of layers of the cable on the drum 5, adapt to the change in the number of layers of the winch cable, automatically adjust the braking torque, and keep the winch braking slip cable tension unchanged.

[0071] The chain brake belt 4 of the present invention is mainly composed of a nylon damping block 402, a roller chain 401, a fixed end pull rod 405 and a braking force adjustment component (including a movable end pull rod 403 and its end nut). The roller chain 401 provides a preload, and the nylon damping block 402 embraces the annular flange 501 on the side of the reel 5 to provide braking resistance. The braking torque is easy to adjust, and the nylon block is easy to replace after wear. The nylon block is used as a friction material to support long-distance braking and slipping. The friction coefficient between the nylon block and the steel structure has a small fluctuation range, and the brake braking torque is more accurate. In addition, the chain brake belt 4 of the present invention is fully adapted to the underwater environment, and no additional design is required for underwater pressure requirements.

[0072] Compared with the traditional modular brake, the friction system between nylon and steel fluctuates less, and after the nylon damping block 402 on the chain brake belt 4 is worn, the friction coefficient changes less, and the friction resistance of the brake is more precise. After the nylon damping block 402 is slightly worn, it only needs to adjust the end nut of the active end pull rod 403 to re-pretighten the roller chain 401 to restore to the rated braking torque. If the wear is large, the nylon damping block 402 can be replaced on site, which is more convenient to operate.

[0073] The present invention can adapt to underwater environment and does not need to be made into a pressure-bearing structure or a pressure-compensating structure.

[0074] The present invention adopts a chain brake belt 4, which has precise friction resistance compared to traditional brakes, provides precise braking torque for the underwater winch, and protects the winch wire rope.

[0075] The present invention adopts a cam mechanism, an adaptive winding drum 5 cable layer number, drives the cam mechanism through a rope press 3, fine-tunes the preload of a chain brake belt 4, and ensures that the braking skidding tension of steel cables in different cable layers is constant when the winch brakes and skids.

[0076] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined in the claims. Any form of modification may be made within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch, characterized in that: The invention comprises an oil cylinder power unit (1), a transmission shaft system (2), a rope presser (3), a chain brake belt (4) and a cam mechanism, wherein the components of the cam mechanism are arranged on the transmission shaft system (2) and the rope presser (3), the transmission shaft system (2) is used to transmit the movement of the oil cylinder power unit (1) and the cam mechanism, and the transmission shaft system (2) comprises two sets of independent transmission units; The invention also comprises two winch side plates (6) which are arranged at intervals, a drum (5) is installed between the winch side plates (6), a transmission shaft system (2) passes through the winch side plates (6), a cylinder power unit (1) and a chain brake belt (4) are connected through the transmission shaft system (2) and are distributed on both sides of the winch side plates (6), and the chain brake belt (4) surrounds the drum (5).

2. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The oil cylinder power unit (1) is vertically mounted on the outside of one of the winch side plates (6).

3. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder power unit (1) is a power and motion output unit of the brake. The structure of the cylinder power unit (1) is as follows: it includes a cylinder body (101), a disc spring tube (102), a disc spring (103), a cylinder pull rod (104) and a cylinder hinge shaft (105). The output end of the cylinder body (101) is connected to the cylinder pull rod (104). The disc spring (103) is installed on the outside of the cylinder pull rod (104). The disc spring (103) is installed on the outside of the disc spring (103). The cylinder pull rod (104) performs telescopic movement along the disc spring tube (102) under the joint action of the cylinder body (101) and the disc spring (103).

4. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The oil cylinder articulated shaft (105) is connected to the transmission shaft system (2).

5. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the transmission shaft system (2) is as follows: it includes a brake lever arm (201), a cam rocker (202), a cam lift roller (203), a cylinder seat (204), a cylinder lever arm (205), a solid shaft (206), a hollow shaft (207) and a key; the hollow shaft (207) passes through and is installed on the winch side plate (6), and the two ends of the hollow shaft (207) are respectively connected to the cylinder seat (204) and the cam rocker (202), forming a hollow shaft transmission unit; the solid shaft (206) is adapted to the central through hole of the hollow shaft (207), and the two ends of the solid shaft (206) are respectively connected to the cylinder lever arm (205) and the brake lever arm (201), forming a solid shaft transmission unit.

6. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The structure of the chain brake belt (4) is as follows: it includes a roller chain (401), a nylon damping block (402), a movable end pull rod (403), a fixed end pull rod (405) and a spring (404), a series of nylon damping blocks (402) are embedded in each chain link groove of the roller chain (401), the nylon damping block (402) surrounds the reel (5), and the two ends of the movable end pull rod (403) are respectively connected to the roller chain (401) and the brake pull rod rotating arm (201), and a pre-tightening force is applied to the nylon block through the roller chain (401), thereby braking the reel (5).

7. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: An annular flange (501) is provided on the outer side surface of the reel (5), and the nylon damping block (402) embraces the annular flange (501).

8. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The structure of the cam mechanism comprises a cam swing rod (202), a cam lift roller (203), a cam swing arm (301) and a cam plate (302); the cam swing arm (301) is fixed on the rope presser (3) and swings along with the rope presser (3); and the cam plate (302) contacts the cam lift roller (203).

9. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The cam plate (302) is fastened to the cam swing arm (301) by bolts. In the braking and cable-releasing working condition, when the rope presser (3) and the cam swing arm (301) swing with the change of the number of cable layers, the cam plate (302) drives the cam swing rod (202) to rotate through the cam lift roller (203), and successively transmits the motion to the chain brake belt (4) through the hollow shaft transmission unit, the cylinder power unit (1) and the solid shaft transmission unit, so as to adjust the braking torque of the brake and keep the braking tension of the steel cable unchanged.

10. A constant tension brake for an underwater winch as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The cam plate (302) adopts an integrated structure, and the working profile of the cam plate (302) is divided into a non-working section (3021), an initial position section (3022) and a lifting section (3023). The initial position section (3022) corresponds to the innermost layer of the cable, and the number of cable layers on the corresponding drum (5) increases gradually from the initial position section (3022) to the lifting section (3023).

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