Boiler plant fire alarm detector and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of plant fire-fighting equipment, and particularly relates to a boiler plant fire-fighting alarm detector and a control method thereof.The fire-fighting alarm detector comprises a shell, the interior of the shell is divided into a control cavity and a detection cavity through a middle partition plate, and a first sealing outer cover is fixedly arranged in the middle of the control cavity; a display screen is fixedly arranged in the first sealing outer cover, a fireproof power source is arranged on the side edge of the first sealing outer cover, a second sealing outer cover is arranged below the fireproof power source, a storage battery is arranged in the second sealing outer cover, a third sealing outer cover is arranged below the second sealing outer cover, and a temperature difference power generation assembly is arranged in the third sealing outer cover. A locking piece is arranged on the outer cover plate, a water storage interlayer is arranged at the top of the control cavity, a liquid coolant is stored in the water storage interlayer, an electric control valve is arranged at the bottom of the water storage interlayer, and a detection assembly is arranged in the detection cavity. The system can actively detect smoke and give an alarm, continuously work to analyze smoke components, and assist in determining the position of a fire source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of factory fire protection equipment, and in particular relates to a boiler plant fire alarm detector and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fire alarm controllers are mainly used in fire protection projects of industrial and civil buildings, automated buildings, and smart communities, such as hotels, shopping malls, warehouses, libraries, exhibition halls, ancient buildings, ships, and factories. Their functions are to monitor fire conditions, automatically alarm, and control fire linkage in these important places. They are of great significance for discovering early fire information, issuing warning signals, activating relevant fire fighting equipment, and automatically extinguishing fires, thus minimizing fire losses.

[0003] Fire alarm for boiler plants is an extremely important part of production safety. Boiler plants are originally at a high temperature and have a lot of combustibles. If they are not discovered and handled in time, major safety accidents are likely to occur. Current fire alarm-related equipment has problems such as poor compatibility, high difficulty in maintenance and management, complex operation, inability to clearly indicate smoke composition, and inability to guide escape.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application aims to propose a boiler plant fire alarm detector and its control method, which can be portable and connected to various fire alarm equipment, is easy to operate, actively detects smoke and issues an alarm, and when a fire occurs and expands, continuously works to analyze the smoke composition and assists in determining the location of the fire source to provide assistance for subsequent emergency rescue and firefighting work. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology and to propose a fire alarm detector that can be portable and connected to various fire alarm equipment. It is simple to operate, actively detects smoke and issues an alarm, and when a fire occurs and expands, it continues to work to analyze the smoke composition and assist in determining the location of the fire source to provide assistance for subsequent emergency rescue and firefighting work.

[0006] The objectives of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A fire alarm detector, comprising a shell, the interior of the shell is divided into a control cavity and a detection cavity by a middle partition, a first sealed outer cover is fixedly arranged in the middle of the control cavity, a display screen is fixedly arranged inside the first sealed outer cover, a fireproof power supply is arranged on the side of the first sealed outer cover, a second sealed outer cover is arranged below the fireproof power supply, a battery is arranged inside the second sealed outer cover, a third sealed outer cover is arranged below the second sealed outer cover, a temperature difference power generation component is arranged inside the third sealed outer cover, an outer cover is rotatably connected to the control cavity, a locking piece is arranged on the outer cover, a water storage compartment is arranged on the top of the control cavity, liquid coolant is stored inside the water storage compartment, an electric control valve is arranged at the bottom of the water storage compartment, and a detection component is arranged in the detection cavity.

[0007] Preferably, a fourth sealed outer cover is further provided inside the control cavity, and a control module and a signal transceiver component are provided inside the fourth sealed outer cover.

[0008] Preferably, the detection component includes a three-way pipe fixedly arranged inside the detection cavity, a gas inlet leading to one end of the three-way pipe is opened on the side wall of one side of the shell, an exhaust fan is provided on the side of the three-way pipe close to the gas inlet, one opening of the three-way pipe is connected to a first pipe, a smoke detection sensor is provided in the first pipe, the other opening of the three-way pipe is connected to a second pipe, a reversing valve is provided at the intersection of the two openings of the three-way pipe, the first pipe is connected to a first air outlet located on the side wall of the shell, and the second pipe is connected to a second air outlet located on the side wall of the shell.

[0009] Preferably, the radius of the first air outlet range is greater than the radius of the first pipe cross section.

[0010] Preferably, an infrared signal receiver is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the second pipe, and an infrared signal transmitter is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the middle partition, and one end of the infrared signal transmitter passes through the interior of the second pipe.

[0011] Preferably, an interface at the bottom of the temperature difference power generation component is connected to a cooling fin, the outer wall of the cooling fin is wrapped with a first thermal insulation sleeve, and another interface at the bottom of the power generation component is connected to a heat conducting plate, the heat conducting plate passes downward through the middle partition to the inside of the second pipe, the outer side of the heat conducting plate is wrapped with a second thermal insulation sleeve, and the second thermal insulation sleeve extends downward to contact the second pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the three-way pipe and the second pipe are covered with a cover shell on their outer peripheries, a water passage cavity is formed between the cover shell, the three-way pipe and the second pipe, a flow limiting valve is provided on the middle partition, and the flow limiting valve is arranged below the cooling fin.

[0013] Preferably, a rotating sleeve is rotatably arranged on the outer periphery of the infrared signal transmitter, the rotating sleeve is provided with fan blades, the rotating sleeve is rotatably and sealingly connected to the second pipe, a section of the rotating sleeve extending into the second pipe is connected with a flexible scraper, and the flexible scraper is closely attached to the emission position of the infrared signal transmitter.

[0014] Preferably, the battery is electrically connected to the display screen, the exhaust fan, the smoke detection sensor, the infrared signal receiver, the infrared signal transmitter, the reversing valve, and the electric control valve, and an active alarm button is also provided on the housing.

[0015] The fire alarm detector is also used in conjunction with a control method, the specific steps are as follows: S1: Install the device in the environment that needs to be detected, connect the power supply, make the exhaust fan start working, the smoke detection sensor detects the ambient gas, the gas is discharged through the first outlet, and the display screen lights up to provide normal warning information; S2: When the smoke detection sensor detects smoke, the reversing valve starts to switch the smoke outlet, and the gas is passed into the second channel to analyze the smoke composition through the infrared signal receiver and infrared signal transmitter, and a smoke alarm is issued. The smoke composition report will be sent to the server together; S3: When the fire inevitably spreads, the display starts to light up, indicating the direction of the escape exit for emergency evacuation; S4: If the external circuit is burned out due to fire, the internal battery will continue to supply power and generate electricity through the temperature difference power generation component, thus extending the working time of the device and continuously outputting smoke composition information and escape route indication information to provide information support for subsequent emergency rescue; S5: Through the installation of multiple fire alarm detectors, the location of the fire source can be assisted in determining based on the different smoke components and concentrations obtained by the devices installed in different locations. After the location of the fire source is determined, the escape location away from the fire source can be pointed out through the display screen.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this boiler plant fire alarm detector and its control method have the following advantages: It can proactively detect smoke and sound the alarm. When a fire occurs and expands, it can continue to work to analyze the composition of the smoke, assist in determining the location of the fire source to provide assistance for subsequent emergency rescue and firefighting work, proactively provide fire escape instructions, and be able to continue working in the event of a power outage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is another perspective stereogram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the detection cavity of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a top view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is Figure 4 A cross-sectional view taken at A-A in

[0022] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 A partial enlarged view at B in

[0023] In the figure: housing 1, outer cover plate 2, locking member 3, first sealed outer cover 4, display screen 5, active alarm button 6, second air outlet 7, first air outlet 8, gas inlet 9, water storage partition layer 10, fourth sealed outer cover 11, control module 12, signal transceiver assembly 13, electric control valve 14, fireproof power supply 15, second sealed outer cover 16, storage battery 17, third sealed outer cover 18, thermoelectric generation assembly 19, first heat insulation sleeve 20, cooling fin 21, second heat insulation sleeve 22, heat conduction sheet 23, flow limiting valve 24, middle partition plate 25, housing 26, three-way pipe 27, liquid outlet hole 28, reversing valve 29, smoke detection sensor 30, infrared signal receiver 31, first pipe 32, second pipe 33, rotating sleeve 34, flexible scraper 35, control cavity 36, detection cavity 37, exhaust fan 38, infrared signal emitter 39, fan blade 40. Specific embodiments

[0024] The core of the present invention is to provide a fire alarm detector for a boiler house and its control method, which can actively detect smoke and give an alarm. In the case of a fire occurring and spreading, it continuously works to analyze the smoke components and assist in determining the location of the fire source to provide help for subsequent emergency rescue and fire extinguishing work.

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] It should be noted here that the upper and lower orientation words involved in this article are defined based on Figures 1 to 6 the positions of the components in the figure and the positions of the components relative to each other, only for the sake of clarity and convenience of expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the orientation words adopted in this article should not limit the scope of protection requested by this application.

[0027] As shown in the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 6As shown, a fire alarm detector includes a housing 1, the interior of the housing 1 is divided into a control cavity 36 and a detection cavity 37 by a middle partition 25, a first sealed outer cover 4 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the control cavity 36, a display screen 5 is fixedly arranged inside the first sealed outer cover 4, a fireproof power supply 15 is arranged on the side of the first sealed outer cover 4, a second sealed outer cover 16 is arranged below the fireproof power supply 15, a battery 17 is arranged inside the second sealed outer cover 16, a third sealed outer cover 18 is arranged below the second sealed outer cover 16, a temperature difference power generation component 19 is arranged inside the third sealed outer cover 18, an outer cover plate 2 is rotatably connected in the control cavity 36, a locking member 3 is arranged on the outer cover plate 2, a water storage compartment 10 is arranged on the top of the control cavity 36, a liquid coolant is stored inside the water storage compartment 10, an electric control valve 14 is arranged at the bottom of the water storage compartment 10, and a detection component is arranged in the detection cavity 37. The locking member 3 is used to lock the outer cover plate 2 and the housing 1, which will not be described in detail here. When the outer cover 2 is locked with the shell 1, the inside of the detection cavity 37 reaches a waterproof and sealed state, which can be achieved by adding a rubber sealing strip. The display screen 5 uses an industrial-grade touch screen as the whole machine parameter setting and alarm prompt interface. The operation is simple and the alarm prompt is intuitive, which almost gets rid of the inefficient situation of setting parameters while reading the manual. The fireproof power supply 15 converts 85~260V AC power into 12.6V DC power to power the entire fire alarm detector. Once the input voltage of the fireproof power supply 15 is powered off, the 11.1V battery 17 can continuously power the main control board. Before the battery voltage is exhausted, it will actively send a low-voltage message to the fire host, and at the same time, a low-voltage alarm will pop up on the on-site display to notify the administrator.

[0028] As a further embodiment, a fourth sealed outer cover 11 is further provided inside the control cavity 36, and a control module 12 and a signal transceiver component 13 are provided inside the fourth sealed outer cover 11. The control module 12 can control the working state of the display screen 5, the exhaust fan 38, the smoke detection sensor 30, the infrared signal receiver 31, the infrared signal transmitter 39, the reversing valve 29, and the electric control valve 14. The signal transceiver component allows access to traditional wired and bus detectors. The smoke detector alarm data forwarded by the server is received through 4G or wired network, and the alarm and voice instructions are issued in real time, and the records are stored in the chip to avoid leakage of fire data. The alarm and voice instructions are issued through the buzzer and speaker installed in the fire main body.

[0029] As a further embodiment, the detection assembly includes a three-way pipe 27 fixedly arranged inside the detection cavity 37, a gas inlet 9 leading to one end of the three-way pipe 27 is opened on the side wall of one side of the shell 1, and a fan 38 is provided on the side of the three-way pipe 27 near the gas inlet 9. One port of the three-way pipe 27 is connected to a first pipe 32, and a smoke detection sensor 30 is provided in the first pipe 32. The other port of the three-way pipe 27 is connected to a second pipe 33. The three-way pipe 27 is provided with a reversing valve 29 at the intersection of the two ports. The first pipe 32 is connected to the first air outlet 8 located on the side wall of the shell 1, and the second pipe 33 is connected to the second air outlet 7 located on the side wall of the shell 1. The reversing valve 29 is an electrically controlled small reversing valve.

[0030] As a further embodiment, the radius of the first air outlet 8 is larger than the cross-sectional radius of the first pipe 32. The first air outlet 8 is porous, and its distribution radius is larger than the cross-sectional radius of the first pipe 32, so that the inside of the detection cavity 37 can be ventilated with the outside.

[0031] As a further embodiment, an infrared signal receiver 31 is fixedly arranged at the lower side of the second pipe 33, and an infrared signal transmitter 39 is fixedly arranged at the lower end surface of the middle partition 25, and one end of the infrared signal transmitter 39 passes through the inside of the second pipe 33. The infrared signal receiver 31 and the infrared signal transmitter 39 constitute an infrared flue gas analyzer to analyze the concentration of flue gas components.

[0032] As a further embodiment, an interface at the bottom of the temperature difference power generation component 19 is connected to a cooling fin 21, and the outer wall of the cooling fin 21 is wrapped with a first insulation sleeve 20. Another interface at the bottom of the power generation component 19 is connected to a heat conducting sheet 23. The heat conducting sheet 23 passes downward through the middle partition 25 to the inside of the second pipe 33. The outer side of the heat conducting sheet 23 is wrapped with a second insulation sleeve 22, and the second insulation sleeve 22 extends downward to contact the second pipe 33.

[0033] As a further embodiment, the outer periphery of the three-way pipe 27 and the second pipe 33 is covered with a cover 26, a water passage cavity is formed between the cover 26, the three-way pipe 27 and the second pipe 33, and a flow limiting valve 24 is provided on the middle partition 25, and the flow limiting valve is arranged below the cooling fin 21. A liquid outlet 28 is provided on the lower side of the cover 26 for the coolant to flow out, and after the coolant flows out, it can be heated and evaporated and discharged from the first air outlet 8.

[0034] As a further embodiment, a rotating sleeve 34 is rotatably arranged on the outer periphery of the infrared signal transmitter 39, and a fan blade 40 is provided on the rotating sleeve 34. The rotating sleeve 34 is rotatably and sealedly connected to the second pipe 33. A section of the rotating sleeve 34 extending into the second pipe 33 is connected to a flexible scraper 35, and the flexible scraper 35 is closely attached to the emission position of the infrared signal transmitter 39.

[0035] As a further embodiment, the battery 17 is electrically connected to the display screen 5, the exhaust fan 38, the smoke detection sensor 30, the infrared signal receiver 31, the infrared signal transmitter 39, the reversing valve 29, and the electric control valve 14, and an active alarm button 6 is also provided on the housing 1.

[0036] As a further embodiment, an intelligent voice unit may be provided in the housing 1, and the intelligent voice unit may be connected to the ARM processor, so that the fire alarm detector may be controlled by voice input.

[0037] The fire alarm detector is also used in conjunction with a control method, the specific steps are as follows: S1: Install the device in the environment that needs to be detected, connect the power supply, make the exhaust fan 38 start working, the smoke detection sensor 30 detects the environmental gas, and the gas is discharged through the first air outlet 8. At the same time, the display screen 5 lights up to realize normal warning information. At the same time, the MCU chip realizes data configuration and remote LORA data communication through SPI and LORA chip, monitors the data sent by the remote LORA detector in real time, and judges the data collected by the remote detector by calculating and analyzing the received data. Once a fire-related alarm occurs, the alarm program is immediately started.

[0038] S2: When the smoke detection sensor 30 or the LORA detector or the FSK wireless detector detects smoke, an alarm will be sent to the server. The server determines whether a fire has occurred by sending data. When the judgment result is that a fire has occurred, the reversing valve 29 starts to switch the smoke outlet, and the gas is passed into the second channel 33 to analyze the smoke composition through the infrared signal receiver 31 and the infrared signal transmitter 39, and a smoke alarm is issued, and the speaker and buzzer sound, and the smoke composition report is sent to the server together; S3: After confirming the fire information, the display screen 5 starts to light up, indicating the direction of the escape exit, and emergency evacuation is carried out. The fire situation and the location of the fire are broadcast through the loudspeaker, and the fire host is connected to the fire equipment to participate in the work of extinguishing the fire.

[0039] S4: If the external circuit is burned out due to the fire, the internal battery 17 continues to supply power, and the temperature difference power generation component 19 continues to generate electricity, thereby extending the working time of the device, and continuously outputs smoke composition information and escape route indication information to provide information support for subsequent emergency rescue; S5: Through the installation of multiple fire alarm detectors, the fire source location can be assisted in determining based on the fire alarm conditions, smoke composition, and concentration obtained by the equipment installed in different locations and the LORA detectors and FSK wireless detectors. After the fire source location is determined, the escape location away from the fire source is indicated through the display screen 5.

[0040] In normal operation, the exhaust fan 38 starts working, the smoke detection sensor 30 detects the ambient gas, and the gas is discharged through the first gas outlet 8, and the display screen 5 lights up to realize normal warning work. When the smoke detection sensor 30 detects smoke, the reversing valve 29 starts to switch the smoke outlet, and the gas is passed into the second pipe 33 for smoke component analysis, and a smoke alarm is issued. The smoke composition information will be sent to the server together. At this time, the display screen 5 lights up to indicate the location information of the escape exit until the host receives the information instruction that the fire is over.

[0041] When the fire inevitably spreads and the ambient temperature rises significantly, the emergency working mode is started, the electric control valve 14 is opened, and the liquid coolant in the water storage compartment 10 flows out into the detection cavity 36, gradually filling the internal space of the detection cavity 36. The internal waterproof measures have been taken, and there will be no problem of water seepage and leakage causing equipment failure. Then the liquid coolant enters the water passage cavity formed between the cover 26 and the three-way pipe 27 and the second pipe 33 through the flow limiting valve 24, cooling the exhaust fan 38, infrared signal receiver 31, and infrared signal transmitter 39 on the lower side, ensuring the normal operation of the equipment as much as possible, indicating the escape information, and sending the received smoke composition and concentration information to the host.

[0042] In this process, when the liquid coolant flows through the fan blades 40, it drives the fan blades 40 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating sleeve 34 to rotate, thereby driving the flexible scraper 35 to rotate and scrape the transparent cover on the surface of the transmitting end of the infrared signal transmitter 39, thereby preventing the black smoke in the smoke from adhering to the surface of the infrared signal transmitter 39 and causing it to fail. The traditional infrared signal transmitter 39 should be scraped as much as possible during use. This is an emergency situation, and it is possible to ensure that the approximate information of the smoke composition can be continuously output as much as possible to create opportunities for fire rescue.

[0043] In the case of a circuit being burned and power outage, which is inevitable in a fire, the storage battery 17 is involved in power supply. At this time, the outside is high-temperature smoke, which passes through the second pipe 33 and is discharged from the second air outlet 7. The high-temperature gas is released from the heat conductive sheet 23, and the low-temperature liquid coolant on the upper side contacts the cooling sheet 21, and generates electricity through the temperature difference power generation component 19, which can be stored in the storage battery 17. Through temperature difference power generation, the coolant can not only cool down and maintain the operation of the equipment, but also further provide continuous power to the equipment in the case of external power outage, which may enable the equipment to work for a long time in the case of a fire.

[0044] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire alarm detector, comprising a housing (1), wherein the interior of the housing (1) is divided into a control cavity (36) and a detection cavity (37) by a middle partition (25), characterized in that: A first sealed outer cover (4) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the control cavity (36), a display screen (5) is fixedly arranged inside the first sealed outer cover (4), a fireproof power supply (15) is arranged on the side of the first sealed outer cover (4), a second sealed outer cover (16) is arranged below the fireproof power supply (15), a storage battery (17) is arranged inside the second sealed outer cover (16), a third sealed outer cover (18) is arranged below the second sealed outer cover (16), a temperature difference power generation component (19) is arranged inside the third sealed outer cover (18), an outer cover plate (2) is rotatably connected inside the control cavity (36), a locking member (3) is arranged on the outer cover plate (2), a water storage partition (10) is arranged on the top of the control cavity (36), a liquid coolant is stored inside the water storage partition (10), an electric control valve (14) is arranged at the bottom of the water storage partition (10), and a detection component is arranged inside the detection cavity (37).

2. A fire alarm detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fourth sealed outer cover (11) is also provided inside the control cavity (36), and a control module (12) and a signal transceiver component (13) are provided inside the fourth sealed outer cover (11).

3. A fire alarm detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component comprises a three-way pipe (27) fixedly arranged inside the detection cavity (37); a gas inlet (9) leading to one end of the three-way pipe (27) is provided on a side wall of one side of the shell (1); a blower (38) is provided on the side of the three-way pipe (27) close to the gas inlet (9); one opening of the three-way pipe (27) is connected to a first pipe (32); a smoke detection sensor (30) is provided in the first pipe (32); the other opening of the three-way pipe (27) is connected to a second pipe (33); a reversing valve (29) is provided at the intersection of the two openings of the three-way pipe (27); the first pipe (32) is connected to a first gas outlet (8) located on the side wall of the shell (1); and the second pipe (33) is connected to a second gas outlet (7) located on the side wall of the shell (1).

4. A fire alarm detector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The range radius of the first air outlet (8) is greater than the cross-sectional radius of the first pipe (32).

5. A fire alarm detector according to claim 3, characterized in that: An infrared signal receiver (31) is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the second pipe (33), and an infrared signal transmitter (39) is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the middle partition (25), and one end of the infrared signal transmitter (39) passes through the interior of the second pipe (33).

6. A fire alarm detector according to claim 3, characterized in that: A cooling fin (21) is connected to an interface at the bottom of the temperature difference power generation component (19), and the outer wall of the cooling fin (21) is wrapped with a first thermal insulation sleeve (20). Another interface at the bottom of the power generation component (19) is connected to a heat conducting fin (23), and the heat conducting fin (23) passes downward through a middle partition (25) to the inside of a second pipe (33). The outer side of the heat conducting fin (23) is wrapped with a second thermal insulation sleeve (22), and the second thermal insulation sleeve (22) extends downward to contact the second pipe (33).

7. A fire alarm detector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the three-way pipe (27) and the second pipe (33) is covered with a cover shell (26), and a water passage cavity is formed between the cover shell (26), the three-way pipe (27) and the second pipe (33). A flow limiting valve (24) is provided on the middle partition plate (25), and the flow limiting valve is arranged below the cooling fin (21).

8. A fire alarm detector according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rotating sleeve (34) is rotatably arranged on the outer periphery of the infrared signal transmitter (39), and a fan blade (40) is arranged on the rotating sleeve (34). The rotating sleeve (34) is rotatably sealed with the second pipe (33), and a section of the rotating sleeve (34) extending into the second pipe (33) is connected with a flexible scraper (35), and the flexible scraper (35) is closely attached to the emission position of the infrared signal transmitter (39).

9. A fire alarm detector according to claim 7, characterized in that: The storage battery (17) is electrically connected to the display screen (5), the exhaust fan (38), the smoke detection sensor (30), the infrared signal receiver (31), the infrared signal transmitter (39), the reversing valve (29), and the electric control valve (14), and the housing (1) is also provided with an active alarm button (6).

10. A fire alarm detector according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fire alarm detector is also used in conjunction with a control method, the specific steps are as follows: S1: Install the device in an environment that needs to be detected, connect the power supply, and start the exhaust fan (38) to work. The smoke detection sensor (30) detects the ambient gas, and the gas is discharged through the first gas outlet (8). At the same time, the display screen (5) lights up to realize normal warning information; S2: When the smoke detection sensor (30) detects smoke, the reversing valve (29) starts to switch the smoke outlet, and the gas is passed into the second channel (33) to analyze the smoke composition through the infrared signal receiver (31) and the infrared signal transmitter (39), and a smoke alarm is issued. The smoke composition report will also be sent to the server; S3: After confirming the fire information, the display screen (5) starts to light up, indicating the direction of the escape exit, and emergency evacuation is carried out; S4: If the external circuit is burned out due to the fire, the internal storage battery (17) continues to supply power, and the temperature difference power generation component (19) continues to generate electricity, thereby extending the working time of the device, and continuously outputs smoke composition information and escape route indication information, providing information support for subsequent emergency rescue; S5: By installing multiple fire alarm detectors, the location of the fire source can be determined based on the different smoke components and concentrations obtained by the devices installed at different locations. After the location of the fire source is determined, the display screen (5) indicates an escape location away from the fire source.

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