Simulation method, simulation device, electronic device, and electronic paper display device

Abstract

Provided is an emulation method for an electronic paper display device, comprising: a model parameter acquisition step: acquiring model parameter information, including the total charge amount of various charged particles, the charge volume density of each of the various charged particles, and an applied electric field force; a built-in electric field strength calculation step: calculating the built-in electric field strength through the model parameter information and a pre-constructed built-in electric field model, the input of the built-in electric field model including the total charge amount of various charged particles and the charge volume density of each of the various charged particles; a built-in electric field force calculation step: calculating the built-in electric field force received by each charged particle based on the built-in electric field strength; a motion simulation step: simulating the motion of each charged particle according to the applied electric field force and the built-in electric field force received by each charged particle; and a gray scale determination step: determining the display gray scale under the applied electric field force in response to the motion of each charged particle stopping, to acquire an emulation relationship between the display gray scale and the applied electric field force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and more particularly to a simulation method, simulation device, electronic device, and electronic paper display device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently available electronic paper display devices generally suffer from slow response times and low refresh rates, necessitating the development of newer devices with faster response times and better display effects. However, how to develop electronic paper display devices, improve R&D efficiency, and reduce R&D costs remains a crucial research topic for researchers.

[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In one aspect, a simulation method for an electronic paper display device is provided, characterized in that the method includes: a model parameter acquisition step: acquiring model parameter information, wherein the model parameter information includes the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, the charge volume density of each charged particle, and the applied electric field force; and a built-in electric field strength calculation step: calculating the built-in electric field strength of the electronic paper display device using the model parameter information and a pre-constructed built-in electric field model, wherein the input of the built-in electric field model includes the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device and the charge volume density of each charged particle, and the applied electric field force; The built-in electric field model outputs a built-in electric field strength based on the built-in charge volume density. The built-in electric field force calculation step involves calculating the built-in electric field force experienced by each charged particle in the electronic paper display device based on the built-in electric field strength. A motion simulation step simulates the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device according to the applied electric field force and the built-in electric field force experienced by each charged particle. A grayscale determination step determines the display grayscale under the applied electric field force in response to the cessation of motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device, thereby obtaining the simulation relationship between the display grayscale and the applied electric field force.

[0005] According to some exemplary embodiments, in the built-in electric field model, the built-in electric field strength is positively correlated with the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device; and / or, in the built-in electric field model, the built-in electric field strength is positively correlated with the charge volume density of each charged particle.

[0006] According to some exemplary embodiments, the various charged particles include display particles used to adjust the grayscale of the display; the acquisition of model parameter information includes: acquiring the total charge of the display particles.

[0007] According to some exemplary embodiments, the display particles include first color particles and second color particles; obtaining the total charge of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution quantity of the first color particles and the second color particles respectively; calculating the total charge of the first color particles based on the distribution quantity of the first color particles and the charge of a single first color particle; calculating the total charge of the second color particles based on the distribution quantity of the second color particles and the charge of a single second color particle; and calculating the average of the absolute value of the total charge of the first color particles and the absolute value of the total charge of the second color particles, and using the average value as the total charge of the display particles.

[0008] According to some exemplary embodiments, the display particles include monochromatic particles; obtaining the total charge of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution number of the monochromatic particles; and calculating the total charge of the monochromatic particles based on the distribution number of the monochromatic particles and the charge of a single monochromatic particle.

[0009] According to some exemplary embodiments, the display particles include first color particles, second color particles, and third color particles; obtaining the total charge of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution quantity of each of the first color particles, the second color particles, and the third color particles; calculating the total charge of the first color particles based on the distribution quantity of the first color particles and the charge of a single first color particle; calculating the total charge of the second color particles based on the distribution quantity of the second color particles and the charge of a single second color particle; calculating the total charge of the third color particles based on the distribution quantity of the third color particles and the charge of a single third color particle; and calculating the average of the absolute values ​​of the total charge of the first color particles, the absolute values ​​of the total charge of the second color particles, and the absolute values ​​of the total charge of the third color particles, and using the average value as the total charge of the display particles.

[0010] According to some exemplary embodiments, the various charged particles also include charged colloidal particles and polarization charges; the acquisition of model parameter information further includes: acquiring the total charge of the charged colloidal particles; and acquiring the total charge of the polarization charges.

[0011] According to some exemplary embodiments, obtaining the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device includes: determining the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device as the sum of the total charge of the display particles, the total charge of the charged particles, and the total charge of the polarization charge.

[0012] According to some exemplary embodiments, the various charged particles include charged particles, polarized charges, and display particles for adjusting the display grayscale; the acquisition of model parameter information includes: acquiring the charge volume density of the display particles; acquiring the charge volume density of the charged particles; and acquiring the charge volume density of the polarized charges.

[0013] According to some exemplary embodiments, obtaining the charge volume density of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution volume of the first color particles and the second color particles respectively; obtaining the total charge of the display particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the display particles based on the distribution volume of the first color particles and the second color particles and the total charge of the display particles; and / or, obtaining the charge volume density of the charged particles includes: estimating the distribution volume of the charged particles; obtaining the total charge of the charged particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the charged particles based on the distribution volume of the charged particles and the total charge of the charged particles; and / or, obtaining the charge volume density of the polarized charge includes: estimating the distribution volume of the polarized charge; obtaining the total charge of the polarized charge; and calculating the charge volume density of the polarized charge based on the distribution volume of the polarized charge and the total charge of the polarized charge.

[0014] According to some exemplary embodiments, obtaining the charge volume density of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution volume of the single-color particles; obtaining the total charge of the display particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the display particles based on the distribution volume of the single-color particles and the total charge of the display particles; or, obtaining the charge volume density of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution volume of the first-color particles, the second-color particles, and the third-color particles respectively; obtaining the total charge of the display particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the display particles based on the distribution volume of the first-color particles, the second-color particles, and the third-color particles respectively and the total charge of the display particles.

[0015] According to some exemplary embodiments, the motion simulation step specifically includes: for the i-th particle, in response to the fact that the absolute value of the external electric field force on the i-th particle is greater than or equal to the sum of the absolute value of the built-in electric field force and the absolute value of the resistance on the i-th particle, the i-th particle is simulated to perform accelerated motion, and the position of the i-th particle is refreshed.

[0016] According to some exemplary embodiments, the motion simulation step further includes: for the i-th particle, in response to the fact that the absolute value of the external electric field force on the i-th particle is less than the sum of the absolute value of the built-in electric field force and the absolute value of the resistance on the i-th particle, the i-th particle is simulated to decelerate, and the position of the i-th particle is refreshed.

[0017] According to some exemplary embodiments, the method further includes: after the i-th particle simulates accelerating or decelerating, determining the relationship between i and the total number of particles N in the electronic paper display device; and in response to i not being equal to N, assigning the value of i+1 to i, and then repeating the motion simulation step.

[0018] According to some exemplary embodiments, the method further includes: recalculating the charge volume density of each of the various charged particles in response to i equaling N; and repeatedly performing the built-in electric field strength calculation step, the built-in electric field force calculation step, and the motion simulation step based on the recalculated charge volume density.

[0019] According to some exemplary embodiments, the method further includes: for the i-th particle, determining the motion direction of the i-th particle in response to the fact that the absolute value of the applied electric field force on the i-th particle is less than the sum of the absolute values ​​of the built-in electric field force and the resistance force on the i-th particle; and determining that the motion of the i-th particle stops in response to the fact that the motion direction of the i-th particle is reversed.

[0020] According to some exemplary embodiments, the built-in electric field model is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Where E is the built-in electric field strength, m is a preset constant, s is the cross-sectional area of ​​a single display pixel in the electronic paper display device parallel to the direction of the built-in electric field, Q is the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, ρ1 is the charge volume density of the display particles, ρ2 is the charge volume density of the charged particles, ρ3 is the charge volume density of the polarization charge, and the operation symbol && indicates that the built-in electric field strength E is positively correlated with the charge volume densities ρ1, ρ2, and ρ3 of each charged particle.

[0023] According to some exemplary embodiments, the built-in electric field model is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where E is the built-in electric field strength, m is a preset constant, s is the cross-sectional area of ​​a single display pixel in the electronic paper display device parallel to the direction of the built-in electric field, Q1(t) is the total charge of the displayed particles at time t, f1(t) is the charge volume density of the displayed particles at time t, Q2(t) is the total charge of the charged particles at time t, f2(t) is the charge volume density of the charged particles at time t, Q3(t) is the total charge of the polarized charge at time t, and f3(t) is the charge volume density of the polarized charge at time t.

[0026] According to some exemplary embodiments, the charge volume density f1(t) of the particle at time t is calculated by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, V P1 (t) represents the distribution volume of the first-color particles at time t, V P2 (t) represents the distribution volume of the second-color particles at time t, and z1 is the first volume correction coefficient; and / or,

[0029] The charge volume density f2(t) of the charged colloidal particles at time t is calculated using the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, V C1 (t) represents the distribution volume of the positively charged colloidal particles at time t, V C2 (t) represents the distribution volume of the negatively charged particles at time t, and z2 is the second volume correction coefficient; and / or,

[0032] The volumetric charge density f3(t) of the polarized charge at time t is calculated by the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, V PL1 (t) represents the volume of positively polarized charge distribution at time t, V PL2 (t) represents the volume of negatively polarized charge distribution at time t, and z3 is the third volume correction coefficient.

[0035] On the other hand, a simulation device for an electronic paper display device is provided, characterized in that the device includes: a model parameter acquisition module for acquiring model parameter information, wherein the model parameter information includes the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, the charge volume density of each charged particle, and the applied electric field force; and a built-in electric field strength calculation module for calculating the built-in electric field strength of the electronic paper display device using the model parameter information and a pre-constructed built-in electric field model, wherein the input of the built-in electric field model includes the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device and the charge volume density of each charged particle. The built-in electric field model outputs the charge volume density, including the built-in electric field strength; a built-in electric force calculation module, used to calculate the built-in electric force on each charged particle in the electronic paper display device based on the built-in electric field strength; a motion simulation module, used to simulate the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device according to the applied electric force and the built-in electric force on each charged particle in the electronic paper display device; and a grayscale determination module, used to determine the display grayscale under the applied electric field force in response to the cessation of the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device, so as to obtain the simulation relationship between the display grayscale and the applied electric field force.

[0036] In another aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors perform the method according to any one of the preceding claims.

[0037] In another aspect, an electronic paper display device is provided, wherein the relationship between the display grayscale and the applied electric field force of the electronic paper display device is determined based on the method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0038] According to some exemplary embodiments, the electronic paper display device includes: a substrate; a first electrode disposed on the substrate; a second electrode disposed on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate; and charged particles disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the charged particles being configured to be driven to the display side under the action of an external electric field applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, so as to achieve a display grayscale that satisfies the relationship between the display grayscale and the external electric field force. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The foregoing contents, as well as other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure, will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0040] Figure 1 This is a plan view of an electronic paper display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a single sub-pixel of an electronic paper display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 3A This is a plan view of a display element according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, in which various charged particles are shown; Figure 3B This is a plan view of a display element according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein a monochromatic particle is shown; Figure 3C This is a plan view of a display element according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, showing three colored charged particles;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a simulation method for an electronic paper display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a simulation method for an electronic paper display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, which illustrates the process of charged particles moving from initial motion to final equilibrium under the action of an external electric field;

[0045] Figures 6A-6F These are schematic diagrams illustrating the states of various charged particles in the display element of an electronic paper display device under different conditions. Figure 6A The initial states of various charged particles are shown. Figure 6B The early states of various charged particles under an applied positive voltage are shown. Figure 6C The steady-state states of various charged particles are shown when an applied positive voltage reaches a steady state. Figure 6D The early states of various charged particles after voltage switching are shown. Figure 6E The intermediate states of various charged particles after voltage switching are shown. Figure 6F The steady-state of various charged particles after voltage switching is shown;

[0046] Figures 7A-7I This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the grayscale of the display element and the applied electric field in an electronic paper display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of a simulation device for an electronic paper display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display panel included in an electronic paper display device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0050] It should be noted that, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, structures, or regions in the accompanying drawings used to describe embodiments of the present invention may be enlarged or reduced; that is, these drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0052] It should be noted that, for clarity and / or descriptive purposes, the dimensions and relative dimensions of components may be enlarged in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the dimensions and relative dimensions of the individual components are not necessarily limited to those shown in the drawings. In the specification and accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar parts.

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that an element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0054] In this document, unless otherwise specified, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" are used to indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the accompanying drawings, and are used only for the convenience of describing this disclosure, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device, element, or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. It should be understood that when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationships they represent may also change accordingly. Therefore, these directional terms should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure.

[0055] In this document, the directional terms "first direction" and "second direction" are used to describe different directions along a pixel unit, such as the vertical and horizontal directions of the pixel unit, or the row and column directions of a subpixel arrangement. It should be understood that such representations are merely exemplary descriptions and not limitations of this disclosure.

[0056] Electronic paper is essentially a thin-film display device. Its main structure comprises two parts: the first is electronic ink, sometimes called the front panel; the other, also called the back panel, is mainly the circuitry used to generate text or images from the electronic ink. The electronic ink contains numerous microcapsules, each primarily composed of a transparent liquid carrying a large number of negatively charged white particles and positively charged black particles. When a positive electric field is applied to the front panel of the electronic paper, the white particles move to the top of the microcapsules, appearing as a white dot to the reader, while the black particles sink to the bottom and disappear from the reader's view. When the opposite electric field is applied, the black electron particles move to the top of the microcapsules, and the white electron particles sink to the bottom, forming black text or images. Electronic paper display technology can be controlled by a bottom selection electrode to display a grayscale effect composed of some black and some white electron particles, thus enabling a certain level of contrast.

[0057] Based on the principle of electronic paper, each microcapsule contains many particles. If particles of colors such as cyan, magenta, and yellow are added to the electronic paper display device, a full color gamut display effect can be achieved, which is a color e-ink screen. Electronic paper display devices using color e-ink screens can also display colored text or images.

[0058] It should be noted that electronic ink can contain not only charged particles of two different colors for dual-color display devices, but also charged particles of only one color for monochrome display devices; and / or, electronic ink can also contain charged particles of more colors, such as three colors, which may include a first color particle, a second color particle, and a third color particle. For example, the first color particle may be a red charged particle, the second color particle may be a yellow charged particle, and the third color particle may be a cyan charged particle. The type and number of charged color particles can be designed according to the specific display effect of the display device, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0059] To improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of electronic paper R&D, simulation models can be established to calculate the correspondence between the applied voltage to the electrodes and the grayscale of the electronic paper display. This can effectively assist R&D personnel in the design and development of electronic paper display devices. Currently, due to the lack of mature electronic ink simulation software on the market, simulations of electronic ink systems mainly rely on self-built models. Because electronic ink systems are complex—for example, the size and surface charge of black and white particles, the viscosity and dielectric properties of the transport medium, the charged particles and the magnitude of polarization, the relationship between the applied electric field and the cell thickness, and the solid content of the black and white particles—all affect the display effect and steady-state performance of electronic paper display devices. One of the current simulation challenges in this field is understanding the complex internal stress process of the electronic ink system under an applied electric field, and ultimately achieving grayscale differentiation under different voltages.

[0060] Some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide a simulation method for an electronic paper display device, characterized in that the method includes: a model parameter acquisition step: acquiring model parameter information, wherein the model parameter information includes the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, the charge volume density of each charged particle, and the applied electric field force; a built-in electric field strength calculation step: calculating the built-in electric field strength of the electronic paper display device using the model parameter information and a pre-constructed built-in electric field model, wherein the input of the built-in electric field model includes the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device and the charge volume density of each charged particle, and the applied electric field force; The built-in electric field model outputs the built-in electric field strength, which is determined by the individual charge volume density of each particle. The model includes the following steps: Calculating the built-in electric field force on each charged particle in the electronic paper display device based on the built-in electric field strength; Simulating motion based on the applied electric field force and the built-in electric field force; and determining grayscale based on the cessation of motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device, determining the display grayscale under the applied electric field force to obtain the simulation relationship between display grayscale and applied electric field force. By establishing a variable built-in electric field calculation model, the model can participate in the force process of particles in real time during particle motion, ultimately enabling various charged particles to reach a force equilibrium state, thereby simulating the voltage-grayscale relationship of the electronic ink system. This model allows for quick and efficient simulation of the initial steady state of the electronic ink system, thus improving the efficiency of device development.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a plan view of an electronic paper display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0062] Reference Figure 1An electronic paper display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a substrate 100, a pixel unit PX disposed on the substrate 100, a driving unit DRU disposed on the substrate 100, and a trace PL electrically connecting the pixel unit PX and the driving unit DRU, wherein the driving unit DRU is used to drive the pixel unit PX.

[0063] The display device may include a display area AA and a non-display area NA. The display area AA may be an area where pixel units PX are set to display images. The non-display area NA is an area where no pixel units PX are set, that is, an area where no images are displayed. A driving unit DRU for driving the pixel units PX and some traces PL connecting the pixel units PX and the driving unit DRU may be set in the non-display area NA. The non-display area NA corresponds to the bezel in the final display device, and the width of the bezel can be determined based on the width of the non-display area NA.

[0064] The display area AA can have various shapes. For example, the display area AA can be set in various shapes such as a polygon (e.g., a rectangle) with a closed shape including straight edges, a circle or ellipse with curved edges, and a semicircle or semi-ellipse with both straight and curved edges. In the embodiments of this disclosure, the display area AA is set as an area having a quadrilateral shape including straight edges. It should be understood that this is only an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and not a limitation thereof.

[0065] A non-display area NA may be disposed on at least one side of the display area AA. In embodiments of this disclosure, the non-display area NA may surround the outer periphery of the display area AA. In embodiments of this disclosure, the non-display area NA may include a lateral portion extending in a first direction D1 and a longitudinal portion extending in a second direction D2.

[0066] Pixel units (PX) are set within the display area (AA). A pixel unit (PX) is the smallest unit used to display an image, and multiple units can be set. For example, a pixel unit (PX) may include microcapsules that display white and / or black.

[0067] Pixel units PX can be configured in multiples, arranged in a matrix form along rows extending in the first direction D1 and columns extending in the second direction D2. However, embodiments of this disclosure do not specifically limit the arrangement of pixel units PX, and pixel units PX can be arranged in various forms. For example, pixel units PX can be arranged such that the direction inclined relative to the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 is the column direction, and the direction intersecting the column direction is the row direction.

[0068] A pixel unit PX can include multiple sub-pixels. For example, a pixel unit PX can include three sub-pixels: a first sub-pixel SP1, a second sub-pixel SP2, and a third sub-pixel SP3. As another example, a pixel unit PX can include four sub-pixels: a first sub-pixel SP1, a second sub-pixel SP2, a third sub-pixel SP3, and a fourth sub-pixel. For instance, the first sub-pixel SP1 can be a white sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel SP2 can be a black sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel SP3 can be a colored sub-pixel.

[0069] Each subpixel may include a display element and a pixel driving circuit for driving the display element. For example, the first subpixel SP1 may include a first display element A11 and a first pixel driving circuit SPC1 for driving the first display element, and the first display element A11 may display white; the second subpixel SP2 may include a second display element A12 and a second pixel driving circuit SPC2 for driving the second display element A12, and the second display element may display black; the third subpixel SP3 may include a third display element A13 and a third pixel driving circuit SPC3 for driving the third display element A13, and the third display element may display color.

[0070] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a single sub-pixel of an electronic paper display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0071] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2AAn electronic paper display device may include multiple pixel units PX, and each pixel unit PX may include multiple sub-pixels, such as a first sub-pixel SP1, a second sub-pixel SP2, and a third sub-pixel SP3. A single sub-pixel, such as the first sub-pixel SP1, may include a display element A1 and a pixel driving circuit SPC1 for driving the display element A1. The display element A1 may include multiple charged particles, such as multiple positively charged black particles W1 and multiple negatively charged white particles W2. The pixel driving circuit SPC1 may include two thin-film electrodes S1 and S2, and the display element A1 may be located between the two thin-film electrodes. When an external electric field is applied to the thin-film electrodes on both sides of the display element A1, for example, a negative voltage is applied to the thin-film electrode S2 on the side closer to the substrate, serving as the negative electrode, and a positive voltage is applied to the thin-film electrode S1 on the side farther from the substrate and closer to the direction of light display, serving as the positive electrode, then multiple charged particles in the display element will move accordingly under the action of the external electric field. For example, the negatively charged white particles W2 will move towards the positive electrode side, and the positively charged black particles W1 will move towards the negative electrode side. The stronger the applied external electric field, the faster the corresponding charged particles move, and the more negatively charged white particles W2 accumulate on the side closer to the direction of light display, thus presenting a white color.

[0072] If the direction of the applied electric field is changed, refer to Figure 2B For example, if a positive voltage is applied to the membrane electrode S2, which is closer to the substrate, and a negative voltage is applied to the thin film electrode S1, which is farther from the substrate and closer to the light-displaying direction, the charged particles in the display element will change accordingly based on the applied electric field. For instance, negatively charged white particles W2 will move towards the positive electrode, and positively charged black particles W1 will move towards the negative electrode. The stronger the applied electric field, the faster the charged particles move, and the more positively charged black particles W1 accumulate on the side closer to the light-displaying direction, thus appearing black.

[0073] By changing the applied electric field, the suspension and sedimentation of different charged particles between the two electrode films S1 and S2 can be controlled, allowing charged particles of different colors to be arranged in an orderly manner. This enables the display element A1 to display different colors. Different electric fields result in different motion states of the charged particles, leading to different colors and charge densities for the particles on the side farther from the substrate and closer to the light-emitting direction when the charged particles reach equilibrium. Consequently, the display effect presented by the display element A1 also differs. Therefore, by controlling the applied electric field, different gray levels of electronic paper can be distinguished.

[0074] Figure 3AThis is a plan view of a display element according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, showing two colored charged particles; Figure 3B This is a plan view of a display element according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein a monochromatic particle is shown; Figure 3C This is a plan view of a display element according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, showing three colored charged particles.

[0075] The display element A1 may include not only multiple positively charged black particles W1 and multiple negatively charged white particles W2, but also multiple other charged particles, such as multiple charged colloidal particles (Cells) or multiple polarized charges (Polars). These other charged particles also move in response to the applied external electric field. (Refer to...) Figure 3A When multiple white particles W2 and multiple black particles W1 gradually move to both sides under the influence of the electric field, charged colloidal particles Cell with the same polarity but smaller volume and polarization charges Polar also move to both sides of the electrode. The polarization charges Polar and the charged colloidal particles Cell can accumulate in the interstitial regions between the white particles W2 or the black particles W1. The charged colloidal particles Cell include positively charged particles Cell1 and negatively charged particles Cell2, and the polarization charges Polar include positively charged polarization charges Polar1 and negatively charged polarization charges Polar2.

[0076] Various charged particles, such as black particles W1, white particles W2, positively charged particles Cell1 and negatively charged particles Cell2, as well as positively charged polarized charges Polar1 and negatively charged polarized charges Polar2, establish a built-in electric field E in the display element A1. When the external electric field remains unchanged, the charged particles gradually move from a state of motion to an equilibrium state under the combined influence of the external electric field E0 and the built-in electric field E. At this point, the number and volume of charged particles near the light-emitting side are relatively stable, thus exhibiting a specific grayscale display effect corresponding to the external electric field. Therefore, by establishing a variable built-in electric field model, the model can participate in the force process of the particles in real time as they move, ultimately enabling various charged particles, such as black particles W1 and white particles W2, to reach a force equilibrium state, thereby simulating the voltage-grayscale relationship of the electronic ink system. This simulation model can be used to quickly and efficiently perform simulation calculations of the initial steady state of electronic ink systems, which is beneficial to improving device development efficiency and reducing R&D cycle and R&D costs.

[0077] It should be noted that the display particles used to adjust grayscale can include not only black and white particles, but also display particles of other colors, such as display particles with cyan, magenta, or yellow hues. It should also be noted that the display particles used to adjust grayscale can include single-color display particles, such as only black particles or only white particles.

[0078] For example, refer to Figure 3B The display particles used to adjust the grayscale can include monochrome particles Part0. By adjusting the distribution of monochrome particles Part0 in different areas, monochrome display can be achieved. (See reference...) Figure 3C The display particles used to adjust the grayscale may further include three colored charged particles, such as a first color particle Part1, a second color particle Part2, and a third color particle Part3. Exemplarily, two of the three colored charged particles may be negatively charged and the other positively charged; or two may be positively charged and the other negatively charged. This disclosure does not limit the types or number of colors of the display particles.

[0079] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a simulation method for an electronic paper display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0080] Optionally, embodiments of this disclosure provide a simulation method for an electronic paper display device, referring to... Figure 4 The method includes steps S001-S005.

[0081] In step S001, obtaining model parameters includes obtaining model parameter information, wherein the model parameter information includes the total charge Q of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, the charge volume density of each charged particle, and the applied electric field force F.

[0082] In step S002, the built-in electric field strength E is calculated: using the model parameter information and the pre-built built-in electric field model, the built-in electric field strength E of the electronic paper display device is calculated, wherein the input of the built-in electric field model includes the total charge Q of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device and the charge volume density of each charged particle; the output of the built-in electric field model includes the built-in electric field strength E.

[0083] In step S003, the built-in electric field force Fni is calculated. Based on the built-in electric field strength E, the built-in electric field force Fni experienced by each charged particle in the electronic paper display device is calculated.

[0084] In step S004, motion simulation is performed, which simulates the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device based on the applied electric field force F and the built-in electric field force Fni experienced by each charged particle in the electronic paper display device.

[0085] In step S005, the grayscale is determined. When the movement of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device stops, the display grayscale under the applied electric field force F is determined to obtain the simulation relationship between the display grayscale and the applied electric field force.

[0086] By establishing a variable built-in electric field model, the model can participate in the force process of charged particles in real time during their motion, ultimately bringing various charged particles, such as black particle W1 and white particle W2, to a state of force equilibrium. This allows for the simulation of the voltage-grayscale relationship in the electronic ink system. Using this simulation model, the initial steady-state simulation calculation of the electronic ink system can be performed quickly and efficiently, which is beneficial for improving device development efficiency and reducing R&D cycle and cost.

[0087] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the built-in electric field strength E in the built-in electric field model is positively correlated with the total charge Q of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device; and / or, in the built-in electric field model, the built-in electric field strength is positively correlated with the charge volume density of each charged particle. That is, when the volume of the electronic paper display device is fixed, the greater the total charge Q of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device within the same volume, the greater the built-in electric field strength E established according to the built-in electric field model; and / or, when the number and charge types of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device remain unchanged, but the volume of the electronic paper display device is reduced, the charge volume density of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device will increase, and correspondingly, the built-in electric field will also increase. For example, the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device include display particles (Part), charged particles (Cell), and polarized charges (Polar). When the number of charges of the display particles (Part), charged particles (Cell), and polarized charges (Polar) remains unchanged, but the volume of the electronic paper display device decreases, the charge volume density ρ1 of the display particles (Part) will increase, and the corresponding built-in electric field will also increase; and / or, the charge volume density ρ2 of the charged particles (Cell) will increase, and the corresponding built-in electric field will also increase; and / or, the charge volume density ρ3 of the polarized charges (Polar) will increase, and the corresponding built-in electric field will also increase.

[0088] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the various charged particles include display particles Part for adjusting the display grayscale.

[0089] Optionally, the display particle Part may include a first color particle Part1 and a second color particle Part2.

[0090] Optionally, obtaining the model parameter information includes: obtaining the total charge Q1 of the displayed particle Part.

[0091] Optionally, obtaining the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part includes: estimating the distribution quantity of the first color particle Part1 and the second color particle Part2 respectively, and calculating the total charge Q of the first color particle based on the distribution quantity of the first color particle Part1 and the charge of a single first color particle Part1. 11 Based on the distribution quantity of the second-color particle Part2 and the charge of a single second-color particle Part2, calculate the total charge Q of the second-color particles. 12 ; and calculate the total charge Q of the first color particle Part1. 11 The absolute value of and the total charge Q of the second color particle Part2 12 The average of the absolute values ​​of the values ​​is taken as the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part. That is, the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part satisfies the following formula: Q1=(|Q 11 |+|Q 12 |) / 2.

[0092] It should be noted that the electric charge of a single particle can be obtained using some well-known measurement or calculation methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0093] Optionally, the display particle Part may include single-color particles. In this embodiment, obtaining the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part may include: estimating the distribution number of the single-color particles; and calculating the total charge of the single-color particles based on the distribution number of the single-color particles and the charge of a single single-color particle.

[0094] Optionally, the display particle Part may also include only monochromatic particle Part0; obtaining model parameter information includes: obtaining the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part; obtaining the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part includes: estimating the distribution number of monochromatic particle Part0, calculating the total charge Q0 of the monochromatic particles based on the distribution number of monochromatic particle Part0 and the charge of a single monochromatic particle Part0; and taking the absolute value of the total charge Q0 of the monochromatic particles as the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part. That is, the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part satisfies the following calculation formula: Q1 =

[0095] |Q0|

[0096] Optionally, the display particle Part may include a first color particle, a second color particle, and a third color particle. In this embodiment, obtaining the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part may include: estimating the distribution quantity of each of the first color particle, the second color particle, and the third color particle; calculating the total charge of the first color particle based on the distribution quantity of the first color particle and the charge of a single first color particle; calculating the total charge of the second color particle based on the distribution quantity of the second color particle and the charge of a single second color particle; calculating the total charge of the third color particle based on the distribution quantity of the third color particle and the charge of a single third color particle; and calculating the average of the absolute values ​​of the total charge of the first color particle, the absolute values ​​of the total charge of the second color particle, and the absolute values ​​of the total charge of the third color particle, and using the average value as the total charge of the display particle.

[0097] Optionally, the display particle Part may further include a first color particle Part1, a second color particle Part2, and a third color particle Part3; obtaining the model parameter information includes: obtaining the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part; obtaining the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part includes: estimating the distribution quantity of each of the first color particle Part1, the second color particle Part2, and the third color particle Part3, and calculating the total charge Q of the first color particle based on the distribution quantity of the first color particle Part1 and the charge of a single first color particle Part1. 11 Based on the distribution quantity of the second-color particle Part2 and the charge of a single second-color particle Part2, calculate the total charge Q of the second-color particles. 12 Based on the distribution quantity of the third-color particles Part3 and the charge of a single third-color particle Part3, calculate the total charge Q of the third-color particles. 13 ; and calculate the total charge Q of the first color particle Part1. 11 The absolute value of the second color particle Part2 and the total charge Q 12 The absolute value of and the total charge Q of the third color particle Part3 13 The average of the absolute values ​​of the values ​​is taken as the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part. That is, the total charge Q1 of the display particle Part satisfies the following formula: Q1=(|Q 11 |+|Q 12 |+|Q 13 |) / 3.

[0098] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the various charged particles further include charged colloidal particles (Cells) and polarization charges (Polars); the acquisition of model parameter information further includes: acquiring the total charge Q2 of the charged colloidal particles (Cells) and acquiring the total charge Q3 of the polarization charges (Polars). Acquiring the total charge Q2 of the charged colloidal particles may include: estimating the distribution quantity of each of the positively charged colloidal particles (Cell1) and the negatively charged colloidal particles (Cell2), and calculating the total charge Q of the positively charged colloidal particles (Cell1) based on the distribution quantity of the positively charged colloidal particles (Cell1) and the charge of a single positively charged colloidal particle (Cell1). 21 Based on the distribution quantity of the negatively charged particles Cell2 and the charge of a single negatively charged particle Cell2, calculate the total charge Q of the negatively charged particles Cell2. 22 ; and calculate the total charge Q of the positively charged particles Cell1. 21 The absolute value of and the total charge Q of the negatively charged charged particles Cell2 22 The average of the absolute values ​​of the charges is taken as the total charge Q2 of the charged particle cell. That is, the total charge Q2 of the charged particle cell satisfies the following formula: Q2=(|Q 21 |+|Q 22 |) / 2.

[0099] Obtaining the total charge Q3 of the polarization charge Polar includes: estimating the distribution quantity of each of the positively charged polarization charge Polar1 and the negatively charged polarization charge Polar2; and calculating the total charge Q of the positively charged polarization charge Polar1 based on the distribution quantity of the positively charged polarization charge Polar1 and the charge of a single positively charged polarization charge Polar1. 31 Based on the distribution quantity of the negatively charged polarized charges Polar2 and the charge of a single negatively charged polarized charge Polar2, calculate the total charge Q of the negatively charged polarized charges Polar2. 32 ; and calculate the total charge Q of the positively charged polarization charge Polar1. 31 The absolute value of the polarization charge and the total charge Q of the negatively charged polarization charge Polar2 32 The average of the absolute values ​​of the polarization charges is taken as the total charge Q3 of the polarization charge Polar. That is, the total charge Q3 of the polarization charge Polar satisfies the following formula: Q3=(|Q 31 |+|Q 32 |) / 2.

[0100] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, obtaining the total charge Q of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device includes: determining the sum of the total charge Q1 of the display particles, the total charge Q2 of the charged particles, and the total charge Q3 of the polarization charge as the total charge Q of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device. That is, the total charge Q of various charged particles satisfies the following calculation formula: Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3.

[0101] Figure 5 This is a simulation method for an electronic paper display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, which illustrates the process of charged particles moving from initial motion to final equilibrium under the action of an applied electric field.

[0102] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the various charged particles include charged colloidal particles (Cells), polarized charges (Polars), and display particles (Parts) for adjusting the display grayscale; see reference. Figure 5 The acquisition of model parameter information includes: acquiring the charge volume density ρ1 of the displayed particles; acquiring the charge volume density ρ2 of the charged colloidal particles; and acquiring the charge volume density ρ3 of the polarized charge.

[0103] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, obtaining the charge volume density ρ1 of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution volume of the first color particle Part1 and the second color particle Part2 respectively; obtaining the total charge Q1 of the display particles; and calculating the charge volume density ρ1 of the display particles based on the distribution volume Vp1 of the first color particle Part1, the distribution volume Vp2 of the second color particle Part2, and the total charge Q1 of the display particles; and / or obtaining the charge volume density ρ2 of the charged particles. This includes: estimating the distribution volume Vc of the charged particles; obtaining the total charge Q2 of the charged particles; and calculating the charge volume density ρ2 of the charged particles based on the distribution volume Vc and the total charge Q2; and / or, obtaining the charge volume density ρ3 of the polarized charge includes: estimating the distribution volume VpL of the polarized charge; obtaining the total charge Q3 of the polarized charge; and calculating the charge volume density ρ3 of the polarized charge based on the distribution volume VpL and the total charge Q3.

[0104] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, obtaining the charge volume density of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution volume of the single-color particles; obtaining the total charge of the display particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the display particles based on the distribution volume of the single-color particles and the total charge of the display particles.

[0105] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, obtaining the charge volume density of the display particles includes: estimating the distribution volume of the first color particle, the second color particle, and the third color particle; obtaining the total charge of the display particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the display particles based on the distribution volume of the first color particle, the second color particle, and the third color particle and the total charge of the display particles.

[0106] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the built-in electric field strength E of the electronic paper display device is calculated based on the acquired model parameter information and a pre-built built-in electric field model, wherein the built-in electric field model is:

[0107]

[0108] Where E is the built-in electric field strength, m is a preset constant, s is the cross-sectional area of ​​a single display pixel in the electronic paper display device, Q is the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, ρ1 is the charge volume density of the display particles, ρ2 is the charge volume density of the charged particles, ρ3 is the charge volume density of the polarization charge, and the operation symbol && indicates that the built-in electric field strength E is positively correlated with the charge volume densities ρ1, ρ2, and ρ3 of each charged particle.

[0109] It should be noted that the cross-section of a single display pixel can be the cross-section of a single display pixel in the electronic paper display device along the direction of the built-in electric field, that is, the cross-section parallel to the direction of the built-in electric field.

[0110] For example, the preset constant m can be related to factors such as the electrostatic constant, the adjustable coefficient, and the dielectric constant. For instance, m can be calculated using the following formula:

[0111]

[0112] Where k is the electrostatic constant, h is the adjustable coefficient, and ξ is the dielectric constant.

[0113] Optionally, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device may include: display particles (Part), charged particles (Cell), and polarized charges (Polar). Model parameter information of the electronic paper display device at time t is obtained. Based on the obtained model parameter information and a pre-built built-in electric field model, the built-in electric field strength E of the electronic paper display device is calculated, wherein the built-in electric field model is:

[0114]

[0115] Where E is the built-in electric field strength, m is a preset constant, s is the cross-sectional area of ​​a single display pixel in the electronic paper display device, Q1(t) is the total charge of the displayed particles at time t, f1(t) is the charge volume density of the displayed particles at time t, Q2(t) is the total charge of the charged particles at time t, f2(t) is the charge volume density of the charged particles at time t, Q3(t) is the total charge of the polarized charge at time t, and f3(t) is the charge volume density of the polarized charge at time t.

[0116] For example, the charge volume density f1(t) of the particle at time t is calculated by the following formula:

[0117]

[0118] Among them, V P1 (t) represents the distribution volume of the first-color particles at time t, V P2 (t) represents the distribution volume of the second-color particles at time t, and z1 is the first volume correction coefficient; and / or,

[0119] The charge volume density f2(t) of the charged colloidal particles at time t is calculated using the following formula:

[0120]

[0121] Among them, V C1 (t) represents the distribution volume of the positively charged colloidal particles at time t, V C2 (t) represents the distribution volume of the negatively charged particles at time t, and z2 is the second volume correction coefficient; and / or,

[0122] The volumetric charge density f3(t) of the polarized charge at time t is calculated by the following formula:

[0123]

[0124] Among them, V PL1 (t) represents the volume of positively polarized charge distribution at time t, V PL2 (t) represents the volume of negatively polarized charge distribution at time t, and z3 is the third volume correction coefficient.

[0125] Combined with reference Figure 3A and Figure 5Based on the built-in electric field strength, the built-in electric force on each charged particle in the electronic paper display device is calculated. For example, if the charge of a charged particle a is q and the built-in electric field strength is E, then the built-in electric force on the charged particle a is Fni = E * q. When the charged particle moves within the electronic paper display device, it will not only be subjected to the applied electric field force F, but also to the built-in electric field force Fni and the Stokes drag Fst. The Stokes drag Fst satisfies the following formula: Fst = 4πηvR, where η is the viscosity coefficient of the liquid, v is the velocity of the charged particle relative to the liquid, and R is the radius of the charged particle.

[0126] Force analysis is performed on the charged particle a. For example, the charged particle a is subjected to an upward external electric field force F, a downward built-in electric field force Fni, and a downward Stokes drag Fst.

[0127] It should be noted that, in addition to the applied electric field force F, the built-in electric field force Fni, and the Stokes drag Fst, the particles may also experience other forces, such as gravity and buoyancy. The force model disclosed herein only schematically illustrates the main forces acting on the particle, but the force model is not limited to this and may include other force models, such as those including gravity and buoyancy. It should be understood that this is only an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and not a limitation thereof.

[0128] By analyzing the external electric field force F and the built-in electric field force Fni and Stokes drag Fst acting on each charged particle in the electronic paper display device, the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device can be simulated.

[0129] Exemplary, in some embodiments of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 5 The motion simulation of charged particles in the electronic paper display device is specifically performed as follows: for the i-th particle, in response to the fact that the absolute value of the external electric field force on the i-th particle is greater than or equal to the sum of the absolute value of the built-in electric field force and the absolute value of the resistance on the i-th particle, the i-th particle is simulated to perform accelerated motion, and the position of the i-th particle is refreshed.

[0130] For example, continue to refer to Figure 5 The motion simulation step further includes: for the i-th particle, in response to the fact that the absolute value of the external electric field force on the i-th particle is less than the sum of the absolute value of the built-in electric field force and the absolute value of the resistance on the i-th particle, the i-th particle is simulated to decelerate, and the position of the i-th particle is refreshed.

[0131] For example, the method further includes: after the i-th particle simulates accelerating or decelerating, determining the relationship between i and the total number of particles N in the electronic paper display device; and in response to i not being equal to N, assigning the value of i+1 to i, and then repeating the motion simulation step.

[0132] For example, continue to refer to Figure 5 The method further includes: recalculating the charge volume density of each charged particle in response to i equaling N; and repeatedly executing the built-in electric field strength calculation step, the built-in electric force calculation step, and the motion simulation step based on the recalculated charge volume density.

[0133] According to some exemplary embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 5 The method further includes: for the i-th particle, determining the direction of motion of the i-th particle in response to the fact that the absolute value of the external electric force acting on the i-th particle is less than the sum of the absolute values ​​of the built-in electric force and the resistance acting on the i-th particle; and determining that the motion of the i-th particle has stopped in response to the reversal of its direction of motion. In response to the stopping of the i-th particle's motion, the value of k+1 is assigned to k, where k is the number of particles that have reached the stopping state. Before the motion simulation begins, the value of k is 0, and then the motion simulation steps are repeated.

[0134] For example, continue to refer to Figure 5 The method further includes: in response to k equaling N, determining that the electronic paper display device has reached a steady state, ending the loop, and outputting the relationship between the applied electric field force F of the current state and the corresponding gray level.

[0135] By using the simulation method of the electronic paper display device, the corresponding relationship between the grayscale and the applied electric field force in electronic paper display devices with different parameters can be quickly calculated using a calculation program. This helps developers to design and optimize the parameters, which can greatly improve R&D efficiency and save costs.

[0136] Figures 6A-6F These are schematic diagrams illustrating the states of various charged particles in the display elements of an electronic paper display device under different applied electric fields. Figure 6A The initial states of various charged particles are shown. Figure 6B The state of various charged particles at the initial stage of an applied positive voltage is shown. Figure 6C This shows the steady-state states of various charged particles under an applied positive voltage. Figure 6D The early states of various charged particles after voltage switching are shown. Figure 6E The intermediate states of various charged particles after voltage switching are shown. Figure 6F The steady-state of various charged particles after voltage switching is shown.

[0137] Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, references are made to... Figures 6A-6F Using the simulation method of the electronic paper display device, the motion state of various charged particles in the display element of the electronic paper display device under different applied electric fields can be simulated and calculated.

[0138] For example, the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device may include display particles for display and other various charged particles, such as charged particles and polarized charges. The display particles may include positively charged black particles W1 and negatively charged white particles W2. To clearly and concisely describe the relationship between the applied electric field and the display state, Figures 6A-6F Only black particle W1 and white particle W2 are schematically shown, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0139] Reference Figure 6A Before an external electric field is applied, various charged particles in the display element of the electronic paper display device are randomly distributed within the display element; refer to Figure 6B When a positive voltage is applied to the thin-film electrode S1, which is located away from the substrate and closer to the light-emitting side, negatively charged white particles W2 move towards electrode S1, and positively charged black particles W1 move towards electrode S2. In the early stages of applying the positive voltage, because the movement of the various charged particles is not yet sufficient, most of the central area of ​​the display element A1 remains in a state of chaotic mixing of black particles W1 and white particles W2. (Refer to...) Figure 6C When a positive voltage is applied for a period of time, the movement of black particles W1 and white particles W2 towards the electrodes on both sides will gradually stabilize. At this time, a large number of white particles accumulate near electrode S1, and a large number of black particles accumulate near electrode S2. Since electrode S1 is located on the light-emitting side, the display element displays white. (Refer to...) Figure 6D When a negative voltage is applied to the thin-film electrode S1, which is located away from the substrate and closer to the light-emitting side, the steady state of the black particles W1 and white particles W2 is broken. Under the influence of the applied electric field, the white particles W2 move towards the S2 electrode side, and the black particles move towards the S1 electrode side; (refer to...) Figure 6E As the black particle W1 and the white particle W2 move, the black particle W1 will move closer and closer to the S1 electrode, while the white particle W2 will move further and further away from the S1 electrode; (Refer to...) Figure 6F When the black particles W1 and white particles W2 reach a stable state, a large number of black particles gather near electrode S1 and a large number of white particles gather near electrode S2. Since electrode S1 is located on the light-emitting side, the display element displays black at this time.

[0140] By using the simulation method of the electronic paper display device, the corresponding relationship between the grayscale and the applied electric field force in electronic paper display devices with different parameters can be quickly calculated using a calculation program. This helps developers to design and optimize the parameters, which can greatly improve R&D efficiency and save costs.

[0141] Figures 7A-7I This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the grayscale of the display element and the applied electric field in an electronic paper display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0142] Exemplary, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the simulation method for the electronic paper display device can also simulate and calculate the display grayscale in the display element under different applied voltages, thereby establishing a relationship diagram between the applied electric field force and the display grayscale. (Refer to reference...) Figures 7A-7I By setting various model information parameters in the simulation model of the electronic paper display device, and then gradually adjusting the magnitude of the applied electric field, the concentration of white particles near the light-emitting side gradually increases as the applied electric field increases, resulting in different gray levels on the display element. When the applied electric field increases to a certain value, such as 15V, the gray level change of the display element becomes less noticeable. Through simulation calculations of the gray levels of the display element under different applied electric fields, the parameters of the electronic paper display device can be optimized more easily, improving R&D efficiency.

[0143] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of a simulation device for an electronic paper display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0144] Optionally, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a simulation device 200 for an electronic paper display device, see reference. Figure 8The device 200 includes: a model parameter acquisition module 1, used to acquire model parameter information, wherein the model parameter information includes the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, the charge volume density of each charged particle, and the applied electric field force; and a built-in electric field strength calculation module 2, used to calculate the built-in electric field strength of the electronic paper display device using the model parameter information and a pre-constructed built-in electric field model, wherein the input of the built-in electric field model includes the total charge of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device and the charge volume density of each charged particle, and the built-in electric field... The model output includes a built-in electric field strength; a built-in electric force calculation module 3, used to calculate the built-in electric force on each charged particle in the electronic paper display device based on the built-in electric field strength; a motion simulation module 4, used to simulate the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device according to the applied electric force and the built-in electric force on each charged particle in the electronic paper display device; and a grayscale determination module 5, used to determine the display grayscale under the applied electric force in response to the cessation of the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device, so as to obtain the simulation relationship between the display grayscale and the applied electric force.

[0145] By using the simulation device for the electronic paper display device, the corresponding relationship between the grayscale displayed in the electronic paper display device with different parameters and the applied electric field can be quickly calculated using a calculation program. This helps developers to design and optimize the parameters, which can greatly improve R&D efficiency and save costs.

[0146] According to embodiments of this disclosure, any multiple modules among the model parameter acquisition module 1, the built-in electric field strength calculation module 2, the built-in electric field force calculation module 3, the motion simulation module 4, and the grayscale determination module 5 can be combined into one module, or any one of these modules can be split into multiple modules. Alternatively, at least some of the functions of one or more of these modules can be combined with at least some of the functions of other modules and implemented in one module. According to embodiments of this disclosure, at least one of the model parameter acquisition module 1, the built-in electric field strength calculation module 2, the built-in electric field force calculation module 3, the motion simulation module 4, and the grayscale determination module 5 can be at least partially implemented as hardware circuitry, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system-on-a-chip, a system-on-a-substrate, a system-on-package, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or implemented in hardware or firmware by any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging the circuitry, or implemented in software, hardware, or firmware, or in any suitable combination of any of these three implementation methods. Alternatively, at least one of the model parameter acquisition module 1, the built-in electric field strength calculation module 2, the built-in electric field force calculation module 3, the motion simulation module 4, and the grayscale determination module 5 can be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which can perform corresponding functions when the computer program module is run.

[0147] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0148] Optionally, embodiments of this disclosure also provide an electronic device 600, with reference to Figure 9 The electronic device 600 includes one or more processors 601 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from storage portion 608 into random access memory (RAM) 603. Processor 601 may include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor (e.g., CPU), an instruction set processor and / or an associated chipset and / or a special-purpose microprocessor (e.g., application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), etc. Processor 601 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. Processor 601 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method flow according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0149] RAM 603 stores various programs and data required for the operation of electronic device 600. Processor 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are interconnected via bus 604. Processor 601 performs various operations of the method flow according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs in ROM 602 and / or RAM 603. It should be noted that the programs may also be stored in one or more memories other than ROM 602 and RAM 603. Processor 601 may also perform various operations of the method flow according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs stored in said one or more memories.

[0150] Electronic device 600 may also include an input / output (I / O) interface 605, which is also connected to bus 604. Electronic device 600 may also include one or more of the following components connected to I / O interface 605: an input section 606 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 607 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc.; a storage section 608 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 609 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, modem, etc. The communication section 609 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. Drive 610 is also connected to I / O interface 605 as needed. Removable media 611, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., are installed on drive 610 as needed so that computer programs read from it can be installed into storage section 608 as needed.

[0151] By using the aforementioned electronic device, the program of any of the above simulation methods can be executed to quickly calculate the correspondence between the displayed grayscale and the applied electric field force in electronic paper display devices with different parameters. This assists developers in designing and optimizing parameters, which can greatly improve R&D efficiency and save costs.

[0152] Optionally, embodiments of this disclosure also provide an electronic paper display device, wherein the relationship between the display grayscale and the applied electric field force of the electronic paper display device is determined based on the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0153] The electronic paper display device includes: a substrate; a first electrode disposed on the substrate; a second electrode disposed on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate; and charged particles disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the charged particles being configured to be driven to the display side under the action of an external electric field applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, so as to achieve a display grayscale that satisfies the relationship between the display grayscale and the external electric field force.

[0154] Figure 10This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display panel included in an electronic paper display device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0155] For example, an electronic paper display device includes a display panel. (See reference...) Figure 10 The display panel includes a substrate 100; an S2 electrode (i.e., a first electrode) located on the substrate 100; a display adjustment section 300 located on the side of the S2 electrode away from the substrate 100; and an S1 electrode (i.e., a second electrode) located on the side of the display adjustment section 300 away from the substrate 100. The display adjustment section 300 may contain a large number of display particles for adjusting the display effect, such as charged black particles W1 and charged white particles W2. The display adjustment section 300 is located between the S1 and S2 electrodes. When the S1 and S2 electrodes are switched on, the display particles in the display adjustment section 300 will move towards or away from the substrate under the action of an applied electric field. The S1 electrode may be transparent or semi-transparent. When the display particles moving away from the substrate reach the area near the S1 electrode, the color of the display particles will be displayed in the corresponding area. That is, the charged particles are driven to the display side under the action of the external electric field applied between the first electrode S2 and the second electrode S1, so as to achieve a display grayscale that satisfies the relationship between the display grayscale and the external electric field force.

[0156] While some embodiments of the general concept of this disclosure have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the general concept of this disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An emulation method for an electronic paper display device, characterized by, The method comprises: a model parameter acquisition step of acquiring model parameter information, wherein the model parameter information comprises total charge amounts of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, charge volume densities of the various charged particles respectively, and an applied electric field force; a built-in electric field strength calculation step of calculating a built-in electric field strength of the electronic paper display device by using the model parameter information and a pre-constructed built-in electric field model, wherein an input of the built-in electric field model comprises the total charge amounts of the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device and the charge volume densities of the various charged particles respectively, and an output of the built-in electric field model comprises the built-in electric field strength; a built-in electric field force calculation step of calculating built-in electric field forces borne by the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device based on the built-in electric field strength; a motion simulation step of simulating motions of the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device according to the applied electric field force and the built-in electric field forces borne by the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device; and a gray scale determination step of determining a display gray scale under the applied electric field force in response to the motions of the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device being stopped, so as to acquire a simulation relationship between the display gray scale and the applied electric field force.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, In the built-in electric field model, the built-in electric field strength is positively correlated with the total charge amounts of the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device; and / or In the built-in electric field model, the built-in electric field strength is positively correlated with the charge volume densities of the various charged particles respectively.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The various charged particles comprise display particles used for adjusting a display gray scale. The acquisition of the model parameter information comprises acquisition of a total charge amount of the display particles.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The display particles comprise first color particles and second color particles. The acquisition of the total charge amount of the display particles comprises: estimation of distribution quantities of the first color particles and the second color particles respectively; calculation of a total charge amount of the first color particles according to the distribution quantity of the first color particles and an electric quantity of a single first color particle; calculation of a total charge amount of the second color particles according to the distribution quantity of the second color particles and an electric quantity of a single second color particle; and calculation of an average value of an absolute value of the total charge amount of the first color particles and an absolute value of the total charge amount of the second color particles, and taking the average value as the total charge amount of the display particles.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein, The display particles comprise single color particles. The acquisition of the total charge amount of the display particles comprises: estimation of a distribution quantity of the single color particles; and calculation of a total charge amount of the single color particles according to the distribution quantity of the single color particles and an electric quantity of a single single color particle.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein, The display particles comprise first color particles, second color particles and third color particles. The acquisition of the total charge amount of the display particles comprises: estimation of distribution quantities of the first color particles, the second color particles and the third color particles respectively; calculation of a total charge amount of the first color particles according to the distribution quantity of the first color particles and an electric quantity of a single first color particle; calculation of a total charge amount of the second color particles according to the distribution quantity of the second color particles and an electric quantity of a single second color particle; and calculation of a total charge amount of the third color particles according to the distribution quantity of the third color particles and an electric quantity of a single third color particle. calculating a total charge amount of the second color particles according to the distribution number of the second color particles and the electric amount of a single second color particle; calculating a total charge amount of the third color particles according to the distribution number of the third color particles and the electric amount of a single third color particle; and calculating an average value of absolute values of the total charge amount of the first color particles, the total charge amount of the second color particles and the total charge amount of the third color particles, and taking the average value as the total charge amount of the display particles.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein, The various charged particles further include charged colloidal particles and polarization charges; The obtaining model parameter information further includes: obtaining a total charge amount of the charged colloidal particles; and obtaining a total charge amount of the polarization charges.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The obtaining the total charge amount of the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device includes: determining a sum of the total charge amount of the display particles, the total charge amount of the charged colloidal particles and the total charge amount of the polarization charges as the total charge amount of the various charged particles in the electronic paper display device.

9. The method of any one of claims 1-2, 4-8, wherein, The various charged particles include charged colloidal particles, polarization charges and display particles for adjusting display gray scales; The obtaining model parameter information includes: obtaining a charge volume density of the display particles; obtaining a charge volume density of the charged colloidal particles; and obtaining a charge volume density of the polarization charges.

10. The method of claim 4, wherein, The various charged particles further include charged colloidal particles and polarization charges; The obtaining model parameter information includes: obtaining a charge volume density of the display particles; obtaining a charge volume density of the charged colloidal particles; and obtaining a charge volume density of the polarization charges; The obtaining the charge volume density of the display particles includes: estimating a distribution volume of each of the first color particles and the second color particles; obtaining a total charge amount of the display particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the display particles according to the distribution volume of each of the first color particles and the second color particles and the total charge amount of the display particles; and / or The obtaining the charge volume density of the charged colloidal particles includes: estimating a distribution volume of the charged colloidal particles; obtaining a total charge amount of the charged colloidal particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the charged colloidal particles according to the distribution volume of the charged colloidal particles and the total charge amount of the charged colloidal particles; and / or The obtaining the charge volume density of the polarization charges includes: estimating a distribution volume of the polarization charges; obtaining a total charge amount of the polarization charges; and calculating the charge volume density of the polarization charges according to the distribution volume of the polarization charges and the total charge amount of the polarization charges.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein, The obtaining model parameter information includes: obtaining a charge volume density of the display particles; The obtaining the charge volume density of the display particles includes: estimating a distribution volume of each of the first color particles, the second color particles and the third color particles; obtaining a total charge amount of the display particles; and calculating the charge volume density of the display particles according to the distribution volume of each of the first color particles, the second color particles and the third color particles and the total charge amount of the display particles.

12. The method of claim 5, wherein, The obtaining the model parameter information comprises: obtaining the charge volume density of the display particle; The obtaining the charge volume density of the display particle comprises: estimating the distribution volume of the single-color particle; obtaining the total charge amount of the display particle; and calculating the charge volume density of the display particle according to the distribution volume of the single-color particle and the total charge amount of the display particle.

13. The method of any one of claims 1-2, 4-8, 10-12, wherein, The motion simulation step specifically comprises: For the i-th particle, in response to the absolute value of the external electric field force suffered by the i-th particle being greater than or equal to the sum of the absolute value of the built-in electric field force and the absolute value of the resistance suffered by the i-th particle, the i-th particle is simulated to do accelerated motion, and the position of the i-th particle is refreshed.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, The motion simulation step further specifically comprises: For the i-th particle, in response to the absolute value of the external electric field force suffered by the i-th particle being less than the sum of the absolute value of the built-in electric field force and the absolute value of the resistance suffered by the i-th particle, the i-th particle is simulated to do decelerated motion, and the position of the i-th particle is refreshed.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, The method further comprises: After the i-th particle is simulated to do accelerated motion or decelerated motion, judging the relationship between i and the total number N of particles in the electronic paper display device; and In response to i not being equal to N, assigning the value of i+1 to i, and then repeatedly executing the motion simulation step.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The method further comprises: In response to i being equal to N, re-calculating the charge volume density of each of the various charged particles; and Based on the re-calculated charge volume density, repeatedly executing the built-in electric field strength calculation step, the built-in electric field force calculation step and the motion simulation step.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The method further comprises: For the i-th particle, in response to the absolute value of the external electric field force suffered by the i-th particle being less than the sum of the absolute value of the built-in electric field force and the absolute value of the resistance suffered by the i-th particle, judging the motion direction of the i-th particle; and In response to the motion direction of the i-th particle being reversed, determining that the motion of the i-th particle stops.

18. The method of any one of claims 1-2, 4-8, 10-12, 14-17, wherein, The built-in electric field model is: in, For the built-in electric field strength, As a preset constant, This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​a single display pixel in the electronic paper display device, parallel to the direction of the built-in electric field. This refers to the total charge of all charged particles in the electronic paper display device. To display the charge volume density of the particles, The charge volume density of the charged particles. The charge volume density of the polarization charge, operation symbol This represents the built-in electric field strength E and the charge volume density of each charged particle. , , Positive correlation.

19. The method of any one of claims 1-2, 4-8, 10-12, 14-17, wherein, The built-in electric field model is: wherein, is the built-in electric field strength, is a preset constant, is the sectional area of a single display pixel in the electronic paper display device parallel to the direction of the built-in electric field, is the total charge amount of the display particles at time t, is the charge volume density of the display particles at time t, is the total charge amount of the charged colloidal particles at time t, is the charge volume density of the charged colloidal particles at time t, is the total charge amount of the polarization charges at time t, is the charge volume density of the polarization charges at time t.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The charge volume density of the particles is displayed at time t is calculated by the formula: wherein, is a distribution volume of the first color particles at time t, is a distribution volume of the second color particles at time t, is a first volume correction factor; and / or, The charge volume density of the charged micelles at time t is calculated by the formula: wherein, Vp(t) is the distribution volume of positively charged colloidal particles at time t, Vn(t) is the distribution volume of negatively charged colloidal particles at time t, V2 is a second volume correction factor; and / or, Charge volume density of the polarization charge at time t is calculated by the formula: wherein, is the distribution volume of positive polarization charge at time t, is the distribution volume of negative polarization charge at time t, is a third volume correction factor.

21. An emulation device for an electronic paper display device, characterized by The device comprises: A model parameter obtaining module is configured to obtain model parameter information, wherein the model parameter information comprises the total charge amount of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device, the charge volume density of each of the various charged particles and an external electric field force; A built-in electric field strength calculation module is configured to calculate the built-in electric field strength of the electronic paper display device by using the model parameter information and a pre-constructed built-in electric field model, wherein the input of the built-in electric field model comprises the total charge amount of various charged particles in the electronic paper display device and the charge volume density of each of the various charged particles, and the output of the built-in electric field model comprises the built-in electric field strength; A built-in electric field force calculation module is configured to calculate the built-in electric field force suffered by each charged particle in the electronic paper display device based on the built-in electric field strength; A motion simulation module is configured to simulate the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device according to the external electric field force and the built-in electric field force suffered by each charged particle in the electronic paper display device; and A motion simulation module is configured to simulate the motion of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device according to the external electric field force and the built-in electric field force suffered by each charged particle in the electronic paper display device; and A gray scale determination module is configured to determine a display gray scale under an applied electric field force in response to a stop of movement of each charged particle in the electronic paper display device, so as to obtain a simulation relationship between the display gray scale and the applied electric field force.

22. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; a storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, enable the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-20.

23. An electronic paper display device, wherein, The relationship between the display gray scale and the applied electric field force of the electronic paper display device is determined based on the method according to any one of claims 1-20.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein, The electronic paper display device comprises a substrate substrate, a first electrode disposed on the substrate substrate, a second electrode disposed on a side of the first electrode away from the substrate substrate, and charged particles disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The charged particles are configured to be driven to a display side under the action of an applied electric field applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, so as to achieve a display gray scale satisfying the relationship between the display gray scale and the applied electric field force.

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