Freshwater fish phagostimulant formula and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a freshwater fish phagostimulant formula and a preparation method thereof, and provides a filling material formula with excellent impermeability and a preparation process thereof, the formula comprises amino acids, betaine, nucleotides, natural animal and plant extracts, an adhesive and a carrier; the amino acids comprise glycine and alanine; the glycine aims at omnivorous fishes such as carps and crucian carps, and the alanine enhances the taste stimulation to the grass carps and the parabramis pekinensis; the betaine is used as a methyl donor to enhance the olfactory food calling effect; the nucleotides adopt glutathione and are used for improving the ingestion frequency of carnivorous fishes; the natural animal and plant extracts comprise plant extracts and animal extracts; the adhesive is a composite adhesive system and comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin and beta-cyclodextrin; the carrier comprises starch and water; according to the layered structure, the dissolving speed is delayed, and the synergistic effect of the phagostimulant and bait is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and in particular to an efficient freshwater fish attractant and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the process of freshwater fish farming, improving the fish's feeding rate is crucial to the growth and development of fish and the benefits of farming. Traditional attractants often use a single ingredient and have limited effects. Studies have shown that fish respond much more to complex stimuli than to a single substance. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an attractant that uses a complex fragrance design to accurately stimulate freshwater fish feeding.

[0003] In Chinese patent CN202210123456.X, the present invention relates to a freshwater fish viscera pet attractant and its preparation method. The patent prepares the attractant by pretreating the freshwater fish viscera with a composite enzyme, combining a flavor enhancer (such as amino acids, nucleotides) and an encapsulation material. The core process includes enzymolysis, low-temperature drying and coating, which retains the natural flavor and improves bioavailability.

[0004] In Chinese patent CN202180078901.8, a freshwater fish bait containing an attractant and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The present invention adopts a layered design of attractants and baits (attractant layer, fish bait layer, water-absorbing floating layer), which contains amino acids, betaine, sulfur-containing compounds, small peptides, etc., and reduces water pollution through physical stratification.

[0005] Existing attractants have the problems that traditional single-ingredient attractants are not completely decomposed, have poor palatability, and high-temperature processing easily destroys active substances. Mixed attractants also have the problem of being easily dissolved too quickly, having low utilization rates, and polluting water bodies. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention adopts enzymatic hydrolysis technology to improve the efficiency of macromolecular decomposition, low-temperature drying to retain the flavor, and coating technology to extend the sustained-release time of the attractant; the layered structure of the present invention delays the dissolution rate and enhances the synergistic effect of the attractant and the bait.

[0007] The present invention provides a freshwater fish attractant formula and a preparation method thereof, wherein the formula comprises amino acids, betaine, nucleotides, natural animal and plant extracts, an adhesive and a carrier;

[0008] The amino acids include glycine and alanine; the glycine is targeted at omnivorous fish such as carp and crucian carp, and the alanine enhances the taste stimulation for grass carp and bream; the betaine is used as a methyl donor to enhance the olfactory attractant effect; the nucleotides use glutathione to increase the feeding frequency of carnivorous fish (such as salmon and trout); the natural plant and animal extracts include plant extracts and animal extracts; the adhesive is a composite adhesive system including sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin and β-cyclodextrin; the carrier includes starch and water;

[0009] The content of glycine is set to 0.7%, the content of alanine is set to 0.4%, the content of betaine is set to 1%; the content of glutathione is set to 1.1%; the content of plant extract is set to 2.5%; the content of animal extract is set to 2.3%; the content of adhesive is set to 2%; and the content of carrier is set to 90%.

[0010] Preferably, the glycine is extracted by chemical synthesis using formaldehyde, sodium cyanide and ammonium chloride, and the specific steps are:

[0011] The first step: reacting formaldehyde with sodium cyanide and ammonium chloride at low temperature (0-5°C) to generate hydantoin intermediate;

[0012] Step 2: Add 30% NaOH solution and hydrolyze at 170°C for 3 hours to generate crude glycine;

[0013] Step 3: The crude product is decolorized by activated carbon, crystallized by ethanol, and dried to obtain glycine with a purity of 99.6%.

[0014] Preferably, the alanine is enzymatically catalyzed by L-aspartic acid, specifically, L-aspartic acid is used as a substrate, L-alanine is generated by aspartate-β-decarboxylase, the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted to the isoelectric point (pH 6.0), and the crystals are precipitated and then centrifuged and dried.

[0015] Preferably, the betaine extraction includes a beet molasses extraction method and a chemical synthesis method; the beet molasses extraction method utilizes molasses, a by-product of beet sugar production, to obtain betaine through leaching, decolorization, concentration, and crystallization; the chemical synthesis method generates betaine hydrochloride through the condensation of trimethylamine and chloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions and obtains it through neutralization reaction and recrystallization.

[0016] Preferably, the glutathione extraction scheme includes a yeast fermentation method and a wheat germ extraction method; the yeast fermentation method uses a high-GSH-producing yeast strain for fermentation; and the raw material of the wheat germ extraction method is wheat germ powder.

[0017] A method for preparing a freshwater fish attractant comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. Raw material pretreatment: crush the amino acids (glycine, alanine), betaine, and nucleotides (glutathione) separately, and pass them through 80-100 mesh sieves to ensure uniform particle size, which is conducive to subsequent mixing uniformity; concentrate the natural plant and animal extracts to remove excess water and increase the concentration of their active ingredients. The degree of concentration can be adjusted according to the properties of the extracts and the requirements of the final product, and is generally concentrated to a solid content of 30%-50%;

[0019] S2, mixing: the pretreated amino acids, betaine, nucleotides and concentrated natural plant and animal extracts are added to the mixer in order according to the formula ratio, and stirred at a low speed for 5-10 minutes to make the various ingredients preliminarily mixed and uniform, and then the carrier (starch) is added to the mixer, and stirred at a high speed for 15-20 minutes to ensure that all the ingredients are fully mixed. The stirring speed and time can be appropriately adjusted during the stirring process to ensure the uniformity of the mixing;

[0020] S3. The mixed materials are conveyed to a granulator for granulation. The particle size of the granules can be adjusted according to the size and feeding habits of the freshwater fish, generally 0.5-2 mm. During the drying process, attention should be paid to ventilation and temperature uniformity to avoid the quality of the particles being affected by local overheating;

[0021] S4, sending the prepared particles into a dryer for drying, the drying temperature is controlled at 50-60°C, the drying time is 2-3 hours, and the moisture content of the particles is reduced to 5%-8%;

[0022] S5. Screen the dried attractant particles to remove particles and impurities that do not meet the particle size requirements.

[0023] The present invention is beneficial in that:

[0024] 1. Accurate feeding: Glycine and alanine are compounded in a ratio of 7:4, taking into account the preferences of both omnivorous and herbivorous fish; animal and plant extracts are designed in layers to cover the olfactory preferences of different fish species.

[0025] 2. Process stability: The composite binder system extends the particle disintegration time to more than 30 minutes, which is suitable for deep water fishing.

[0026] 3. Environmentally friendly: The proportion of natural extracts is increased to 5%, reducing chemical synthetic ingredients, which is in line with the trend of ecological farming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for preparing a freshwater fish attractant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides a freshwater fish attractant formula and a preparation method thereof, a freshwater fish attractant formula and a preparation method thereof,

[0032] 1. Formula

[0033] The formula includes amino acids, betaine, nucleotides, natural plant and animal extracts, binders and carriers;

[0034] Amino acids include glycine and alanine; glycine is used for omnivorous fish such as carp and crucian carp, while alanine enhances the taste stimulation for grass carp and bream; betaine is used as a methyl donor to enhance the olfactory attractant effect; nucleotides use glutathione to increase the feeding frequency of carnivorous fish (such as salmon and trout); natural plant and animal extracts include plant extracts and animal extracts; the adhesive is a composite adhesive system including sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin and β-cyclodextrin; the carrier includes starch and water;

[0035] The content of glycine is set to 0.7%, the content of alanine is set to 0.4%, the content of betaine is set to 1%; the content of glutathione is set to 1.1%; the content of plant extract is set to 2.5%; the content of animal extract is set to 2.3%; the content of binder is set to 2%; and the content of carrier is set to 90%.

[0036] 2. Extraction scheme of natural plant extracts:

[0037] 1. Herbivorous fish (grass carp, bream): corn germ extract (containing phytosterols) 1.0% + soybean meal hydrolysate (small peptides) 1.0%;

[0038] 2. Omnivorous fish (crucian carp, carp): Spirulina powder (low-temperature dried) 1.5% + fennel seed ethanol extract 0.5%.

[0039] 3. Extraction scheme of natural animal extracts:

[0040] 1. Carnivorous fish (catfish, black carp): lugworm enzymatic hydrolysate (neutral protease, hydrolyzed at 50℃ for 4 hours) 1.2% + squid viscera powder (freeze-dried) 1.0%;

[0041] 2. Broad-spectrum attractant: Antarctic krill powder (ultrafinely ground to 200 mesh).

[0042] 4. Extraction method:

[0043] 1. Enzymatic hydrolysis: After the animal and plant raw materials are crushed, add water at a ratio of 1:3, add 0.5% neutral protease, hydrolyze at 50°C for 4 hours, inactivate the enzyme, centrifuge and concentrate the supernatant to a solid content of 40%.

[0044] 2. Ethanol extraction method: Volatile substances such as fennel seeds and garlic are mixed with 70% ethanol in a 1:1 ratio and extracted for 48 hours, and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation.

[0045] 3. Low-temperature drying: Animal viscera or insect raw materials are quickly frozen at -40℃ and then vacuum freeze-dried to retain flavor substances.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] 1. Glycine is extracted by chemical synthesis using formaldehyde, sodium cyanide and ammonium chloride. The specific steps are as follows:

[0048] The first step: reacting formaldehyde with sodium cyanide and ammonium chloride at low temperature (0-5°C) to generate hydantoin intermediate;

[0049] Step 2: Add 30% NaOH solution and hydrolyze at 170°C for 3 hours to generate crude glycine;

[0050] Step 3: The crude product is decolorized by activated carbon, crystallized by ethanol, and dried to obtain glycine with a purity of 99.6%.

[0051] 2. Alanine is produced by an enzymatic method using L-aspartic acid. Specifically, L-aspartic acid is used as a substrate and is catalyzed by aspartate-β-decarboxylase to produce L-alanine. The pH of the reaction solution is adjusted to the isoelectric point (pH 6.0), and the crystals are precipitated and then centrifuged and dried.

[0052] 3. Betaine extraction includes beet molasses extraction and chemical synthesis. The beet molasses extraction method uses molasses, a by-product of beet sugar production, to obtain betaine through leaching, decolorization, concentration and crystallization. The chemical synthesis method condenses trimethylamine and chloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions to generate betaine hydrochloride and obtains it through neutralization reaction and recrystallization.

[0053] 4. Glutathione extraction methods include yeast fermentation method and wheat germ extraction method; the yeast fermentation method uses a high-yield GSH yeast strain for fermentation; the raw material of the wheat germ extraction method is wheat germ powder.

[0054] 5. A method for preparing a freshwater fish attractant, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0055] S1. Raw material pretreatment: crush the amino acids (glycine, alanine), betaine, and nucleotides (glutathione) separately, and pass them through 80-100 mesh sieves to ensure uniform particle size, which is conducive to subsequent mixing uniformity; concentrate the natural plant and animal extracts to remove excess water and increase the concentration of their active ingredients. The degree of concentration can be adjusted according to the properties of the extracts and the requirements of the final product, and is generally concentrated to a solid content of 30%-50%;

[0056] S2, mixing: the pretreated amino acids, betaine, nucleotides and concentrated natural plant and animal extracts are added to the mixer in order according to the formula ratio, and stirred at a low speed for 5-10 minutes to make the various ingredients preliminarily mixed and uniform, and then the carrier (starch) is added to the mixer, and stirred at a high speed for 15-20 minutes to ensure that all the ingredients are fully mixed. The stirring speed and time can be appropriately adjusted during the stirring process to ensure the uniformity of the mixing;

[0057] S3. The mixed materials are conveyed to a granulator for granulation. The particle size of the granules can be adjusted according to the size and feeding habits of the freshwater fish, generally 0.5-2 mm. During the drying process, attention should be paid to ventilation and temperature uniformity to avoid the quality of the particles being affected by local overheating;

[0058] S4, sending the prepared particles into a dryer for drying, the drying temperature is controlled at 50-60°C, the drying time is 2-3 hours, and the moisture content of the particles is reduced to 5%-8%;

[0059] S5. Screen the dried attractant particles to remove particles and impurities that do not meet the particle size requirements.

[0060] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A freshwater fish attractant formula, characterized in that: The formula includes amino acids, betaine, nucleotides, natural plant and animal extracts, adhesives and carriers; The amino acids include glycine and alanine; the glycine is targeted at omnivorous fish such as carp and crucian carp, and the alanine enhances the taste stimulation for grass carp and bream; the betaine is used as a methyl donor to enhance the olfactory attractant effect; the nucleotides use glutathione to increase the feeding frequency of carnivorous fish (such as salmon and trout); the natural plant and animal extracts include plant extracts and animal extracts; the adhesive is a composite adhesive system including sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin and β-cyclodextrin; the carrier includes starch and water; The content of glycine is set to 0.7%, the content of alanine is set to 0.4%, the content of betaine is set to 1%; the content of glutathione is set to 1.1%; the content of plant extract is set to 2.5%; the content of animal extract is set to 2.3%; the content of adhesive is set to 2%; and the content of carrier is set to 90%.

2. A freshwater fish attractant formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glycine is extracted by chemical synthesis using formaldehyde, sodium cyanide and ammonium chloride, and the specific steps are: The first step: reacting formaldehyde with sodium cyanide and ammonium chloride at low temperature (0-5°C) to generate hydantoin intermediate; Step 2: Add 30% NaOH solution and hydrolyze at 170°C for 3 hours to generate crude glycine; Step 3: The crude product is decolorized by activated carbon, crystallized by ethanol, and dried to obtain glycine with a purity of 99.6%.

3. A freshwater fish attractant formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alanine is produced by an enzyme catalysis method using L-aspartic acid, specifically using L-aspartic acid as a substrate and catalyzed by aspartate-β-decarboxylase to generate L-alanine, adjusting the pH of the reaction solution to the isoelectric point (pH 6.0), and centrifuging and drying after crystals are precipitated.

4. A freshwater fish attractant formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The betaine extraction includes a beet molasses extraction method and a chemical synthesis method; the beet molasses extraction method uses molasses, a byproduct of beet sugar production, to obtain betaine through leaching, decolorization, concentration, and crystallization; the chemical synthesis method generates betaine hydrochloride through condensation of trimethylamine and chloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions and obtains it through neutralization reaction and recrystallization.

5. A freshwater fish attractant formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glutathione extraction scheme includes a yeast fermentation method and a wheat germ extraction method; the yeast fermentation method uses a high-yield GSH yeast strain for fermentation; the raw material of the wheat germ extraction method is wheat germ powder.

6. A method for preparing a freshwater fish attractant, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, raw material pretreatment; S2, mixed; S3, conveying the mixed material to a granulator for granulation; S4, sending the prepared particles into a dryer for drying, the drying temperature is controlled at 50-60°C, the drying time is 2-3 hours, and the moisture content of the particles is reduced to 5%-8%; S5. Screen the dried attractant particles to remove particles and impurities that do not meet the particle size requirements.

7. A method for preparing a freshwater fish attractant according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the amino acids (glycine, alanine), betaine, and nucleotides (glutathione) are crushed separately and passed through a 80-100 mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size, which is conducive to subsequent mixing uniformity; the natural animal and plant extracts are concentrated to remove excess water and increase the concentration of their active ingredients. The degree of concentration can be adjusted according to the properties of the extracts and the requirements of the final product, and is generally concentrated to a solid content of 30%-50%.

8. A method for preparing a freshwater fish attractant according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the pretreated amino acids, betaine, nucleotides and concentrated natural plant and animal extracts are sequentially added into the mixer according to the formula ratio, and stirred at a low speed for 5-10 minutes to preliminarily mix the various ingredients, and then the carrier (starch) is added into the mixer, and stirred at a high speed for 15-20 minutes to ensure that all the ingredients are fully mixed. The stirring speed and time can be appropriately adjusted during the stirring process to ensure the uniformity of the mixing.

9. A method for preparing a freshwater fish attractant according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the particle size of the granules can be adjusted according to the size and feeding habits of the freshwater fish, generally 0.5-2 mm. During the drying process, attention should be paid to ventilation and temperature uniformity to avoid the quality of the particles being affected by local overheating.

Images