Method and device for preparing carbon material by heating molten salt to pyrolyze biomass through solar energy

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of preparation of porous carbon materials (MSC), designs a set of device capable of automatically separating MSC and pyrolysis by-products and recycling fused salt, prepares MSC based on a technology of preparing a carbon material by pyrolyzing biomass of a solar heating fused salt system, realizes automatic separation of MSC and pyrolysis by-products from fused salt, and improves the utilization rate of the MSC and the pyrolysis by-products. And the fused salt can be recycled in the device without cooling treatment. Electric energy consumed in the equipment operation process is provided by solar energy, the purposes of cleaning and environmental protection are achieved, biomass is converted into MSC with high economic value, and good economic benefits are achieved. The MSC and the pyrolysis liquid phase product are automatically separated from the fused salt by using the separation device, so that the steps of cooling the fused salt, taking out the pyrolysis product and removing impurities from the fused salt are omitted, and the labor cost is saved. The whole system has the advantages of energy conservation, automation, recyclability and the like in the production process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of processing and production of functional carbon materials, and in particular to a method and device for preparing carbon materials by pyrolyzing biomass by solar heating of molten salt. Background Art

[0002] The main sources of biomass waste are extensive, covering agriculture, forestry, urban life, industry and other fields. Common biomass waste is mainly the residual biomass after the death, harvesting and processing of organisms. There are many categories such as agricultural residues, forestry residues, urban solid waste, animal husbandry and fishery waste. According to relevant statistics and research data, the total amount of crop straw produced in my country each year is approximately between 800 million and 1 billion tons, mainly from major grain crops such as rice, wheat and corn. The annual production of livestock and poultry manure is also very large. It is estimated that the total amount of livestock and poultry manure produced in my country each year exceeds 3 billion tons. If these agricultural biomass wastes are effectively utilized, they can be converted into bioenergy, organic fertilizers, bio-based materials, etc., with high resource value and environmental benefits. However, due to the limitations of collection, transportation, storage and conversion technology, as well as the constraints of economic costs and market demand, the utilization rate of agricultural biomass waste in my country is not high at present.

[0003] Carbon materials are like the black gold of the industrial world. They are the cornerstone of modern science and technology and industrial development, and are in great demand in many industries. In the energy field, carbon materials are the key to energy storage devices and battery technology, ensuring the efficient storage and release of energy, and providing strong support for the development of electric vehicles and renewable energy. In the medical field, the biocompatibility and functionality of carbon materials have brought revolutionary changes to medical devices and drug delivery systems. In the field of environmental governance, activated carbon is used for water and air purification, as well as mercury pollution treatment in coal-fired power plants.

[0004] Activated carbon is currently the most effective material for mercury pollution control. It has a strong adsorption capacity and can effectively adsorb mercury in coal-fired flue gas. It is currently the most mature technology for mercury pollution control in coal-fired power plants. However, the high preparation cost limits the further use of activated carbon mercury removal technology. The preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation will cause serious pollution; the pore structure of activated carbon prepared by physical activation is poor and the adsorption performance is weak.

[0005] Biochar obtained by pyrolysis of biomass as raw material also has the characteristics of activated carbon, with high porosity, abundant adsorption sites, strong environmental pollution treatment ability, and biomass can be obtained from urban solid waste, sludge and other materials, with the advantages of easy availability of raw materials and low cost. Molten salt, as a medium with excellent mass transfer and heat transfer performance and low cost, can simultaneously realize the carbonization and activation of biomass, and has good application prospects in the preparation of porous carbon materials (MSC).

[0006] Due to the wide range of biomass sources and complex composition, existing molten salt pyrolysis biomass devices have the disadvantages of difficulty in separating products and molten salt, and difficulty in recycling molten salt. In response to the problems of high cost, high pollution, uncontrollable pore structure, and poor process continuity in existing activated carbon preparation technologies, our team innovatively developed a technology for preparing carbon materials by pyrolyzing biomass based on a solar-heated molten salt system, providing an effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the high cost, complex process, pollution and energy waste problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a method and device for preparing carbon materials by pyrolyzing biomass with solar energy heating molten salt. The device comprises a molten salt pipeline, a photothermal mechanism, a temperature control mechanism, a reaction mechanism, a molten salt separation mechanism, a material storage mechanism, a photovoltaic power generation mechanism, and a PLC controller; a solid molten salt inlet is provided on the top of the photothermal mechanism, and is connected to the reaction mechanism through a molten salt pipeline at the bottom; a hot molten salt pump is provided on the molten salt pipeline, a biomass feeding pipeline is provided on the reaction mechanism, the temperature control mechanism is provided between the hot molten salt pump and the biomass feeding pipeline, and the reaction mechanism is respectively connected to a product collecting mechanism and the molten salt impurity removal mechanism.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the photothermal mechanism includes a dish-type concentrator and a photothermal salt storage tank. The dish-type concentrator is provided with a parabola. The photothermal salt storage tank consists of a salt storage tank and a heat absorber on the outside of the tank wall. The heat absorber is surrounded by a number of plates, and heat exchange tubes are arranged in each plate.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the temperature control mechanism includes a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is arranged between the hot molten salt pump and the biomass feeding pipeline. The thermocouple is connected to a temperature transmitter and a temperature controller.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reaction mechanism includes a molten salt pyrolysis tank, which is provided with a high-temperature filter screen, a reaction isolation plate and a T-type three-way ball valve. The reaction isolation plate and the T-type three-way ball valve are driven by a propulsion motor, and the propulsion motor is connected to the PLC controller.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the molten salt impurity removal mechanism includes a centrifugal separator, and the centrifugal separator is connected to the PLC controller.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the material storage mechanism includes a product collection tank, a biomass storage tank and a pyrolysis oil storage tank. The biomass storage tank is connected to a biomass feed pipeline.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the photovoltaic power generation mechanism includes a photovoltaic power supply device. The photovoltaic power supply device uses photovoltaic power generation technology to provide the required electrical energy for maintaining the operation of the centrifuge and the molten salt pump. The photovoltaic power supply device is composed of a solar charging module and a battery. The solar charging module converts solar energy into electrical energy and stores the electrical energy in the battery to power various electrical equipment. While controlling the molten salt pump to adjust the flow rate of the heat storage molten salt, it can also control the separation time by controlling the rotation speed of the centrifuge.

[0014] The method for preparing carbon materials by pyrolyzing biomass by solar energy heating molten salt comprises the following steps: Step 1: First, solid salt is added into the heat absorber through the salt adding port at the top of the heat absorber, and the valve and the hot molten salt pump are opened. When the solid salt flows into the heat absorber, the dish concentrator reflects the sunlight to heat the solid salt in the heat absorber to the required temperature. The heat absorber is provided with a molten salt inlet and outlet. After heat exchange, the molten salt flows into the molten salt pyrolysis tank through the hot salt pump and the insulation pipe through the outlet to pyrolyze the biomass; Step 2, biomass is put into the feed port of the biomass storage tank, and the biomass enters the reaction mechanism through the pipeline. The hot salt pump is turned on, and the molten salt flows into the reactor to start pyrolyzing the biomass. The molten salt submerges the biomass, and the biomass begins to pyrolyze under the uniform molten salt wrapping. The molten salt has a certain corrosiveness. By controlling the length of time it wraps the biomass, the richness of the pore structure on the surface of the final product MSC can be controlled. The reactor tank is made of insulation material to prevent the molten salt temperature from dropping. Under high temperature conditions, the molten salt and biomass are fully mixed to complete the pyrolysis reaction and generate MSC and by-products. After a set time, the hot salt pump is automatically closed, the reaction isolation plate is opened, and the molten salt in the reactor and the liquid phase product of the pyrolysis are continuously dripped into the T-type three-way ball valve below through the high-temperature filter. At this time, the T-type three-way ball valve is in a state where the liquid side is open and the solid side is closed, and the liquid phase product mixture flows out through the molten salt outlet of the three-way ball valve. After standing for a while, when the liquid product has completely flowed out, the T-type three-way ball valve is switched to the open state on the solid side, the filter screen opens automatically, and the product enters the storage device from the product outlet by gravity for drying and subsequent treatment; Step 3: The liquid products after molten salt and biomass pyrolysis enter the molten salt impurity removal tank from the mixed phase inlet. The transmission shaft is rotated by photovoltaic energy supply. Under the centrifugal action, the heavy phase molten salt will be thrown into the outer layer and enter the heavy phase collection chamber. The light phase pyrolysis liquid products will remain in the inner layer and enter the light phase collection chamber under the action of the baffle. Finally, the pyrolysis liquid flows out of the device through the light phase outlet, and the purified molten salt flows out through the heavy phase outlet, and flows back to the photothermal salt storage tank through the high-temperature molten salt pipeline from the molten salt inlet of the absorber for recycling.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: using solar energy as the main energy source, reducing fossil fuel consumption, and avoiding pollution problems in traditional processes. Using biomass as raw material, it is widely available and low-cost; molten salt is recycled to reduce operating costs. The excellent mass transfer and heat transfer performance of molten salt significantly improves the pyrolysis efficiency. The prepared porous carbon material has a rich pore structure and excellent adsorption performance, showing a stronger mercury removal ability. The recycling of molten salt avoids the cooling and reheating process, saves energy, and improves production efficiency. At the same time, the device design realizes the automatic separation and purification operation of the product and molten salt, simplifies the process flow, reduces manpower input, and has high economic benefits and sustainable development potential. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the photothermal salt storage tank and the dish-type concentrator of the photothermal mechanism of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a molten salt impurity removal tank for separating liquid molten salt and pyrolysis oil after biomass pyrolysis according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a molten salt pyrolysis tank of the molten salt and biomass reaction mechanism of the present invention;

[0021] In the figure: 1. Photothermal salt storage tank; 2. Dish concentrator; 3. Molten salt impurity removal tank; 4. Biomass storage tank; 5. Molten salt pyrolysis tank; 6. Pyrolysis oil storage tank; 7. Product collection tank; 8. Hot molten salt pipeline; 9. Biomass delivery pipe; 101. Connecting pipe; 102. Connecting flange; 103. Molten salt pipeline; 104. Heat absorber; 105. Salt storage tank; 201. Connecting device; 202. Concentrator; 301. Heavy phase collection box; 302. Light phase outlet; 303. Drum; 304. Mixed phase; 305 , shell; 306, rotating shaft; 307, heavy phase partition; 308, heavy phase outlet; 309, light phase collecting chamber; 310, mixed phase; 311, baffle; 312, turbine disk; 501, liquid inlet; 502, reaction isolation plate; 503, bolt connection; 504, flange connection; 505, T-type three-way ball valve; 506, transmission rod; 507 valve controller; 508, biomass feed inlet; 509, high-temperature filter; 510, buckle; 511, molten salt outlet; 512, product outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this article are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "installation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the connection can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a method and device for producing carbon materials by pyrolyzing biomass with molten salt by solar heating that can be operated in a continuous cycle. The device includes a molten salt pipeline, a photothermal mechanism, a reaction mechanism, a molten salt separation mechanism, a material storage mechanism, a photovoltaic power generation mechanism, and a PLC controller. The main devices include a photothermal salt storage tank 1, a dish concentrator 2, a molten salt impurity removal tank 3, a biomass storage tank 4, a molten salt pyrolysis tank 5, a pyrolysis oil storage tank 6, a product collection tank 7, a molten salt pipeline 8, and a biomass conveying pipe 9; the photothermal salt storage tank is arranged at the center of the butterfly concentrator and is connected by a connecting device, a salt outlet is arranged at the bottom of the photothermal salt storage tank, and is connected to the molten salt pyrolysis tank through a molten salt pipeline, and a connecting flange is arranged at one end of the molten salt pipeline connected to the photothermal salt storage tank; a connecting flange is arranged at the top of the molten salt pyrolysis tank There are a liquid inlet and a biomass feed inlet, a separation tank is arranged inside, and a molten salt outlet and a product outlet are arranged at the bottom. The molten salt outlet is connected to the molten salt impurity removal tank through a pipeline, the product outlet is connected to the product collection tank through a pipeline, and the biomass feed inlet is connected to the biomass storage tank through a pipeline; a mixed phase inlet, a light phase outlet and a heavy phase outlet are arranged on the side of the molten salt impurity removal tank, the heavy phase outlet is connected to the photothermal salt storage tank through a pipeline, and the light phase outlet is connected to the pyrolysis oil storage tank through a pipeline.

[0026] The photothermal mechanism uses solar energy to heat the molten salt. The molten salt and biomass are pyrolyzed in the molten salt pyrolysis tank to generate products. The separation tank in the molten salt pyrolysis tank separates the products from the molten salt mixed with impurities. The products enter the product collection tank, and the molten salt mixed with impurities enters the molten salt impurity removal tank. In the molten salt impurity removal tank, the light phase pyrolysis oil impurities and the heavy phase molten salt are separated by centrifugal action. The pyrolysis oil enters the pyrolysis oil storage tank, and the molten salt flows into the photothermal salt storage tank again through the pipeline for secondary recycling. The device has strong applicability and is easy to operate. It can realize the continuous production of biomass charcoal while recycling molten salt and heating it with solar energy. It is highly efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the photothermal mechanism includes a dish-type concentrator 2 and a photothermal salt storage tank 1. The dish-type concentrator 2 includes a connecting device 201 and a concentrating plate 202, and the photothermal salt storage tank 1 includes a connecting pipe 101, a connecting flange 102, a molten salt pipeline 103, a heat absorber 104, and a salt storage tank 105. The parabolic concentrator 202 is provided on the dish-type concentrator 2, and a heat exchange channel is provided in the side wall of the photothermal salt storage tank 1. The photothermal salt storage tank 1 is connected to the dish-type concentrator 2 through the connecting device 201. The molten salt is stored in the photothermal salt storage tank 1, and the concentrating plate 202 reflects and concentrates the sunlight on the heat absorber 104 on the side wall of the photothermal salt storage tank, and the heat absorber 104 heats the salt in the tank until it becomes molten. During the process, the molten salt flows into the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 through the molten salt pipeline 103, and the pipeline is provided with a connecting flange 102 on the side of the photothermal salt storage tank 1. The solar thermal mechanism uses solar energy for heating, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the temperature control mechanism includes a thermocouple, which is arranged between the molten salt pump and the biomass feed pipeline. When the molten salt in the photothermal salt storage tank 1 reaches the set temperature, the molten salt pump is turned on and the process begins. The thermocouple is connected to a temperature transmitter and a temperature controller, and the temperature transmitter and the temperature controller are connected to a PLC controller. The reaction rate in the process is controlled by regulating the temperature of the reaction molten salt through the PLC controller.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reaction mechanism includes a molten salt pyrolysis tank 5, which includes a liquid inlet 501, a reaction isolation plate 502, a bolt connection 503, a flange connection 504, a T-type three-way ball valve 505, a transmission rod 506, a valve controller 507, a biomass fuel inlet 508, a high-temperature filter 509, a buckle 510, a molten salt outlet 511, and a product outlet 512. The reaction isolation plate 502 and the T-type three-way ball valve 505 are driven by a propulsion motor, and the propulsion motor is connected to the PLC controller. The T-type three-way ball valve is connected to the valve controller 507 through a transmission rod 506. The molten salt flows into the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 from the liquid inlet 501, and the reaction isolation plate 502 is in a closed state. The biomass enters the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 from the biomass storage tank 4 through the pipeline from the biomass fuel inlet 508 to undergo pyrolysis with the molten salt therein. After the reaction is completed, the T-type three-way ball valve 505 is controlled to open the valve on the side of the molten salt outlet 511, and then the reaction isolation plate 502 is opened. The molten salt mixture after pyrolysis drips into the T-type three-way ball valve 505 through the high-temperature filter 509 and flows out from the molten salt outlet 511. After the molten salt is filtered, the valve on the side of the molten salt outlet 511 of the T-type three-way ball valve 505 is closed, and the valve on the side of the product outlet 512 and the high-temperature filter 509 are opened. The pyrolysis product biochar falls into the T-type three-way ball valve 505 and flows into the product collection tank 7 from the product outlet 512. The reaction isolation plate 502 and the high-temperature filter 509 are connected by bolts 503. The reaction time can be controlled by controlling the time of opening the reaction isolation plate 502 to make the device produce biochar with different pore sizes. The molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 can be opened, the upper part and the lower part are connected by a flange 504, and a buckle 510 is provided on the edge of the high-temperature filter.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the molten salt impurity removal mechanism includes a molten salt impurity removal tank 3, which is connected to the PLC controller. The reacted molten salt and pyrolysis oil mixture flows into the molten salt impurity removal tank 3 from the mixed phase inlet 304, and the molten salt impurity removal tank 3 includes a heavy phase collection box 301, a light phase outlet 302, a drum 303, a mixed phase inlet 304, a shell 305, a rotating shaft 306, a heavy phase partition 307, a heavy phase outlet 308, a light phase collection chamber 309, a mixed phase storage chamber 310, a baffle 311, and a turbine disc 312. The outside of the drum 303 is a mixed phase storage chamber 310. The rotating shaft 306 is connected to the drum 303 through the turbine disc 312. A baffle 311 is provided in the drum 303 to prevent the mixed phase in separation from contacting the mixed phase that subsequently enters the molten salt impurity removal tank 3. The rotating shaft 306 is connected to the motor to drive the drum 303 to rotate, and the light phase pyrolysis oil and the heavy phase molten salt are separated by centrifugal action. The heavy phase enters the heavy phase collection chamber 301, and the light phase enters the light phase collection chamber 309. The two are separated by the shell 305 and the heavy phase partition 307. After the separation is completed, the light phase component flows into the pyrolysis oil storage tank 6 through the light phase outlet 302, and the heavy phase component flows back to the photothermal salt storage tank 1 through the heavy phase outlet 308, thereby realizing the recycling of molten salt.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the material storage mechanism includes a product collection tank 7, a biomass storage tank 4 and a pyrolysis oil storage tank 6. The product collection tank 7 is connected to the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 through a pipeline and a product outlet 512. The biomass storage tank 4 is connected to the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 through a pipeline and a biomass feed port 508. The pyrolysis oil storage tank 6 is connected to the molten salt impurity removal tank 3 through a pipeline and a light phase outlet 302. The present invention realizes the continuous process and the recycling of raw materials, and the product collection tank 7, the pyrolysis oil storage tank 6 and the biomass storage tank 4 in the material storage mechanism need to be replaced regularly.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the photovoltaic power generation mechanism includes a photovoltaic power supply device, and the photovoltaic power supply device includes a solar charging module and a battery. The photovoltaic power supply device uses photovoltaic power generation technology to provide the required electrical energy for maintaining the operation of the centrifugal separator and the molten salt pump. The solar charging module can generate electrical energy when the solar energy resources are sufficient, and store the electrical energy in the battery. The electrical energy in the battery is used to supply electricity to various electrical equipment, and it can control the molten salt pump while adjusting the molten salt flow rate. It can also control the time required for separation by controlling the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 306.

[0033] The method for preparing carbon materials by pyrolyzing biomass by solar energy heating molten salt using the device comprises the following steps: Step 1, heating the molten salt, adding solid salt into the photothermal salt storage tank 1, closing the tank mouth, opening the dish concentrator 2 to heat the photothermal salt storage tank 1 until the target temperature is reached and the solid salt is converted into molten salt. Step 2, turn on the hot salt pump, the molten salt flows into the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 from the liquid inlet 501 through the molten salt pipeline 103, the biomass is added to the biomass storage tank 4, the biomass material enters the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 from the biomass feed port 508 through the pipeline, the two start to react, and the reaction time is set. Step 3, after the reaction is completed, open the valve in the direction connecting the T-type three-way ball valve 505 and the molten salt outlet 511, open the reaction isolation plate 502, and the molten salt after the reaction drips from the high-temperature filter 509 into the T-type three-way ball valve 505 below, and flows into the molten salt removal tank 3 through the molten salt outlet 511 through the pipeline and the mixed phase inlet 304. After the molten salt flows out, change the opening direction of the T-type three-way ball valve 505 to the valve connected to the product outlet 512, open the buckle 510, open the high-temperature filter 509, and the product biochar after the reaction falls into the T-type three-way ball valve 505, flows out from the product outlet 512, and flows into the product collection tank 7 through the pipeline. Step 4: The molten salt mixture after the reaction flows into the mixed phase storage chamber in the molten salt impurity removal tank 3. The motor is turned on, the rotating shaft 306 starts to rotate, and the turbine disk 312 at the bottom of the rotating shaft 306 starts to rotate to drive the drum 303 to rotate. The molten salt mixture flows into the drum from the bottom of the drum 303. Through centrifugal action, the light phase product enters the light phase collection chamber 309, and the heavy phase product enters the heavy phase collection chamber 301. After the separation is completed, the light phase product flows into the pyrolysis oil storage tank 6 from the light phase outlet 302, and the heavy phase product flows into the photothermal salt storage tank 1 from the heavy phase outlet 308 for recycling.

[0034] From the above steps, it can be seen that the molten salt temperature and reaction time are highly adjustable to control the pore size and pore structure density of the generated biochar.

[0035] The salt used in the biomass pyrolysis experiment is LiCl-NaCl binary mixed molten salt, and the biomass used is sawdust. The results show that the prepared molten salt porous carbon material has a multi-layer pore structure, and the honeycomb port indicates that it retains the biomass structure. The FTIR spectra of the prepared molten salt porous carbon material and sawdust (NC) show that there are abundant groups on the molten salt porous carbon material. This indicates that the process of molten salt pyrolysis of biomass accelerates the generation of oxygen-containing functional groups. Oxygen-containing functional groups as Hg 0 The oxidation and adsorption sites on the carbon materials are beneficial to enhance the Hg 0 adsorption and removal.

[0036] The circuit connection involved in the present invention is a common method used by those skilled in the art, and technical inspiration can be obtained through a limited number of experiments, which belongs to common knowledge.

[0037] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention, and modifications or deformations without creative labor are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing porous carbon materials by pyrolyzing biomass by solar heating molten salt, characterized in that: The device comprises a molten salt pyrolysis tank 5, the upper inner cavity of which is provided with a high-temperature filter screen and a reaction isolation plate which can be opened and closed automatically. The molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 is also provided with a pyrolysis product coarse separation mechanism and a molten salt impurity removal tank 3 which is connected to the molten salt pyrolysis tank for fine separation.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The upper cover of the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 is detachably connected to the lower shell of the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 via a flange structure 504 .

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The top of the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5 is provided with a liquid inlet 501 and a biomass feed inlet 508 in sequence. The liquid inlet 501 is connected to the photothermal salt storage tank 1 by a hot molten salt pipeline 8, and the biomass feed inlet 508 is connected to the biomass storage tank 4 by a biomass conveying pipe 9.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The pyrolysis product rough separation mechanism includes a valve controller 507 located outside the molten salt pyrolysis tank 5, a transmission rod 506 connected to the valve controller 507, a T-type three-way ball valve 505 whose valve opening and flow direction are controlled by the transmission rod 506, and a molten salt outlet 511 and a product outlet 512 controlled by the T-type three-way ball valve.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The molten salt impurity removal tank 3 of the pyrolysis product fine separation mechanism is provided with a heavy phase collection box 301, a light phase collection chamber 309 and a centrifugal rotating mechanism, wherein the centrifugal rotating mechanism comprises a rotating drum 303, a rotating shaft 306, a baffle plate 311 and a turbine plate 312 and a motor located outside the molten salt impurity removal tank.

6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The liquid inlet 501 and the biomass feed inlet 508 are both connected and sealed with corresponding pipelines by pipe threads.

7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The photothermal salt storage tank 1 comprises a connecting pipe 101 and a connecting flange 101 connecting the salt storage tank 105 and the dish-type concentrator 2 , a molten salt pipeline 103 surrounding the salt storage tank, and a heat absorber 104 located on the outer wall of the salt storage tank 105 .

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The dish-type concentrator 2 includes a parabolic concentrating plate 202 with a spoke structure and a connecting structure 201 connected to the solar thermal salt storage tank 1 .

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