Mineral preselection method based on controllable shock wave presplitting

Abstract

The invention discloses a mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting, and relates to the technical field of mineral pre-selection, and the mineral pre-selection method comprises the following steps: ore is pre-crushed to obtain pre-crushed ore, and the ore comprises mineral and rock; ore with the particle size smaller than or equal to the small particle size in the pre-crushed ore is conveyed to a ball mill to be crushed; the ore with the particle size larger than the small particle size in the pre-crushed ore is conveyed into a controllable shock wave treatment device, shock wave operation is conducted on the pre-crushed ore through the controllable shock wave treatment device, shock waves are transmitted into the pre-crushed ore, shock wave energy is deposited in a medium density discontinuous area between the ore and rock, and the ore is subjected to shock wave treatment. And cracks are expanded autonomously in a shearing and stretching mode, so that the ores are crushed, the primarily crushed ores are obtained, the mechanical strength of the primarily crushed ores is reduced in a balanced manner during shock wave operation, and the effects of crushing the ores and pre-selecting the ores with different particle sizes are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mineral pre-selection, in particular to a mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking. Background Art

[0002] Mineral preselection is a key starting stage in the mineral resource development process, and plays a foundational role in the subsequent operation results. In this link, sorting operations are carried out based on the differences in the physical properties of the ore. Common methods include hand selection, gravity selection, magnetic selection, and photoelectric selection. Hand selection is the most basic. Relying on the experience and eyesight of workers, waste rocks and ores with obvious appearance characteristics are selected. Although it is simple, its efficiency is limited. It is suitable for situations where the mineral characteristics are distinct and the grade difference is large. Gravity selection uses equipment such as jigs and shakers based on the difference in mineral density to make useful minerals with high density settle and separate under the action of water flow and vibration. This method is often used in tungsten ore preselection, which can remove a large amount of low-density gangue at a low cost. Magnetic separation is based on different magnetic properties. With the help of magnetic separators, magnetic minerals are adsorbed on the surface of the drum to achieve separation from non-magnetic substances. It is mostly used in iron and manganese ore preselection. In the process of mineral preselection, if ores of different diameters are not fully screened, many adverse consequences will occur.

[0003] From the perspective of sorting efficiency, the mixing of ores of different sizes into subsequent sorting equipment will disrupt the normal operating parameters of the equipment. For example, in the re-selection stage, jigs and shaking tables are designed based on certain particle flow rates and sedimentation rules. Ores with too large diameters may settle quickly and block the channel, causing poor water flow and hindering the normal discharge of low-density gangue, resulting in a significant decrease in sorting accuracy, making it difficult to effectively separate useful minerals from waste rocks, increasing the number of repeated sortings, and slowing down the entire pre-selection process. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A mineral preselection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting, comprising the following steps: pre-crushing the ore to obtain pre-crushed ore, wherein the ore includes minerals and rocks;

[0005] The ores with particle sizes less than or equal to the small particle size in the pre-crushed ores are transported to the ball mill for crushing;

[0006] The ores with a particle size larger than the small particle size in the pre-crushed ore are transported to a controllable shock wave processing device, and the controllable shock wave processing device performs a shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. The shock wave is transmitted into the interior of the pre-crushed ore, and the shock wave energy is deposited in the medium density discontinuity area between the mineral and the rock, and the cracks are expanded autonomously in a shear-stretching manner, so that the ore is crushed and the primary crushed ore is obtained. During the shock wave operation, the mechanical strength of the primary crushed ore is evenly reduced;

[0007] The ores with particle sizes less than or equal to the small particle size in the primary crushed ores are transported to the ball mill for crushing;

[0008] The ore with a particle size greater than or equal to the large particle size in the primary crushed ore is conveyed to the tailings collection device, and the large particle size is greater than the small particle size;

[0009] The ores with particle sizes between small and large in the primary crushed ore are separated by an intelligent sorting mechanism, with the coarse ore being sent to a tailings collection device and the concentrate being sent to a ball mill for crushing.

[0010] Preferably, the large particle size is 40-50mm, and the small particle size is 7-11mm. It should be noted that the copper grade of the +45mm particle size that has not been broken after the controllable shock wave is only 0.02%, which can be considered as a lean ore, while the particles between +8mm-45mm are not much different from the grade of the original ore, and the grade of the -8mm particles is significantly higher than the grade of the original ore. This shows that in the mineral processing process, after the controllable shock wave, the ore that has not been broken has a very low relative grade and can be directly pre-thrown. The fine particles of the crushed product have a high grade and can be mixed with the concentrate through an optical separator to reduce the amount of ore processed by 71%; Supplement 1: Controllable shock wave crushing has the technical characteristics of pre-weakening and selective crushing of ore. The discovery of these two points has promoted the application of high-pressure pulse crushing technology in many fields. It is mainly used for pre-enrichment, pre-weakening, promoting dissociation, improving leaching characteristics, and waste recycling and treatment.

[0011] The research results show the metal distribution rate and dissociation degree of particles of different particle sizes in the controlled shock wave crushing products and mechanical crushing products, and compare the flotation test results of the two products. The results show that the controlled shock wave has a strong selective crushing ability, which can preferentially crush high-grade ore particles and enrich metal minerals to fine particles. The advantage of controlled shock waves in promoting the dissociation of metal minerals is mainly reflected in coarse-grained products. Among the coarse-grained products, the dissociation degree of pyrite in the controlled shock wave crushing products is 80-100%.

[0012] The quantity ratio is 36.46% higher than that of low-grade feed particle crushing products not affected by the controllable shock wave, and 43.91% higher than that of mechanical crushing products. Under the same flotation experimental conditions, the flotation concentrate recovery rate of the ore after the controllable shock wave can be increased by up to 12.22%.

[0013] A mineral preselection device based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting comprises a frame, a feed pipe is passed through the outer surface of the frame, a top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the frame, and the feed pipe is provided so that the pre-crushed ore can enter the inner cavity of the frame, and the characteristic is that: a shock wave generating device is passed through the upper surface of the top plate, and the shock wave generating device is used to perform shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore, and by providing the shock wave generating device, during operation, the shock wave can act on the free surface or weak surface inside the ore, and generate or expand pores and cracks inside the ore through shear and tensile action, reduce the mechanical strength of the ore, thereby further crushing the ore, or separating the target mineral from the gangue mineral in the ore, an adjustment mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the top plate, and a material placing mechanism is provided at the inner cavity of the frame, and the material placing mechanism comprises an inclined frame, the inclined frame is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame, and a screen plate is movably connected to the upper surface of the inclined frame, and the distance between the shock wave generating device and the ore can be adjusted by providing the adjustment mechanism, so as to cope with different hardness. The invention can reduce the damage effect of the ore, and at the same time, when the shock wave generating device is working, the working state of the feeding mechanism can be adjusted, so that the ore will not be discharged from the frame, and after the ore is crushed, the working state of the feeding mechanism can be adjusted to enable the ore to enter the next step. By setting the tilting frame, the ore can be tilted, so that the ore can slide out of the inner cavity of the frame without being blocked; an intelligent picking mechanism is arranged on the side of the frame away from the feeding pipe, and the intelligent picking mechanism includes a screening frame, the screening frame is fixedly connected to the side of the frame away from the feeding pipe, and the side of the screening frame away from the frame is fixedly connected to the screening box, and the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the screening box is provided with a conveying mechanism, and the upper surface of the screening box is fixedly connected with an optical selection mechanism. By setting the intelligent picking mechanism, the ore with a particle size between a small particle size and a large particle size in the primary crushed ore can be separated by the intelligent picking mechanism, wherein the coarse ore is sent to the tailings collection device, and the concentrate is sent to the ball mill for crushing. The optical selection mechanism is a prior art, and the size of the ore diameter can be detected by an optical selection sensor.

[0014] Preferably, the shock wave generating device includes a fixed box, which passes through the top plate, and the top surface of the inner cavity of the fixed box is fixedly connected with a telescopic tube, and the bottom end of the telescopic tube is fixedly connected with a cylinder head, and the inner surface of the cylinder head is a parabolic structure, and the outer surface of the cylinder head is fixedly connected with a wrapping frame, and a connecting box is observed on the upper surface of the cylinder head, and a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting box. By setting the telescopic tube, deformation can be generated, so that the cylinder head can produce an effect of vertical up and down movement in the inner cavity of the fixed box, thereby adjusting the distance between the cylinder head and the ore in the inner cavity of the frame. By setting the cylinder head and setting the inner surface to a parabolic structure, the shock wave generated by the explosion can be guided, so that the shock wave toward the top of the cylinder head can be reflected to the ore to be operated in the inner cavity of the frame, thereby making full use of the shock wave generated by the explosion and achieving the effect of saving energy. The cylinder head is made of steel material and has strong impact resistance.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connection box is penetrated by the first insulating tube and the second insulating tube respectively, a negative electrode rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first insulating tube, a wire feeding mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the fixed plate, a metal wire is wound around the inner cavity of the wire feeding mechanism, the metal wire penetrates the negative electrode rod, a first wire is penetrated by the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connection box, an end of the first wire is connected to the negative electrode rod, a second wire is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the negative electrode rod, an end of the second wire is fixedly connected to the negative electrode connecting post, a positive electrode rod is provided on the inner wall of the second insulating tube, a third wire is fixedly connected to the top end of the positive electrode rod, and a positive electrode connecting post is provided at the bottom end of the positive electrode rod.

[0016] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes a fixing ring, which is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the wrapping frame, and a connecting frame is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixing ring. A limiting ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame, and a rotating plate is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the limiting ring. A threaded rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating plate, and a threaded tube is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded rod. By setting the limiting ring, the rotating plate can be limited so that the rotating plate can produce stable rotation in the inner cavity of the limiting ring. By setting the fixing ring and the connecting frame, the wrapping frame and the threaded rod can be positioned together. By setting the threaded tube, the threaded rod can be limited so that the threaded rod can produce an up and down movement effect in the inner cavity of the threaded tube when rotating.

[0017] Preferably, the outer surface of the threaded tube is fixedly connected to a sliding tube, the outer surface of the sliding tube is slidably connected to a fixed tube, the fixed tube passes through the axis on the upper surface of the top plate, the outer surface of the sliding tube is sleeved with a first spring, the bottom end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixed tube, the top of the outer surface of the sliding tube is fixedly connected to a support plate, the end of the support plate is fixedly connected to a first retaining ring, the inner cavity of the first retaining ring is slidably connected to a retaining column, a second spring is fixedly connected between the opposite surfaces of the retaining column and the first retaining ring, the outer surface of the fixed tube is fixedly connected to a second retaining ring, and the second retaining ring is frictionally adapted to the outer surface of the first retaining ring.

[0018] Preferably, the upper surface of the screen plate is fixedly connected to an elastic rod, the top of the elastic rod is fixedly connected to the first moving rod, the top of the first moving rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding tube, the lower surface of the inclined frame passes through the limiting tube, the inner cavity of the limiting tube is slidably connected with a sliding block, the upper surface of the sliding block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first moving rod, the first moving rod is located on one side of the inner cavity of the limiting tube and is sleeved with a third spring, the lower surface of the sliding block is fixedly connected to the second moving rod, the bottom end of the second moving rod is fixedly connected to a support rod, the end of the support rod is fixedly connected to a blocking plate, the blocking plate passes through the inclined frame, and the outer side of the blocking plate is provided with a material penetration hole.

[0019] Preferably, a screen mesh is passed through the upper surface of the screening frame, a tilting box is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the screening frame, a first discharge pipe is passed through the outer side of the tilting box, an arc plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening frame, and a second discharge pipe is passed through the outer side of the screening box. By setting the screen mesh, ores with small particle diameters can leak through the gaps between the screen meshes and enter the inner cavity of the tilting box, and finally be discharged from the first discharge pipe. By setting the arc plate, the ore on the upper surface of the screening frame can be diverted.

[0020] Preferably, a pushing mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the screening box, and the pushing mechanism includes a support frame, the support frame is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box, the upper surface of the support frame is provided with a lateral movement mechanism, a limiting rod is provided at the inner wall of the support frame, the outer surface of the limiting rod is slidably connected with a sliding sleeve, the lower surface of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with a moving frame, the moving frame is fixedly connected to the movable end of the lateral movement mechanism, and the lower surface of the moving frame is fixedly connected with a pushing plate.

[0021] The present invention provides a mineral preselection method based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking can, by setting a shock wave generating device, enable the shock wave to act on the free surface or weak surface inside the ore during operation, and generate or expand pores and fissures inside the ore through shear and tensile actions, reduce the mechanical strength of the ore, thereby further crushing the ore or separating the target mineral from the gangue mineral in the ore.

[0023] 2. The mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking can, by setting an adjustment mechanism, adjust the distance between the shock wave generating device and the ore, so as to cope with the breaking effects of ores with different hardnesses. At the same time, when the shock wave generating device is working, it can adjust the working state of the feeding mechanism, so that the ore will not be discharged from the rack. After the ore is broken, it can adjust the working state of the feeding mechanism, so that the ore can enter the next step. By setting an inclined frame, the ore can be inclined, so that the ore can slide out of the inner cavity of the rack without being blocked.

[0024] 3. The mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking can, by setting an intelligent sorting mechanism, separate the ore with a particle size between the small particle size and the large particle size in the initially crushed ore through the intelligent sorting mechanism. Among them, the coarse ore is sent to the tailings collection device, and the concentrate is sent to the ball mill for crushing. The optical sorting mechanism is an existing technology and can detect the size of the ore diameter through an optical sorting sensor.

[0025] 4. The mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking can, by setting a cylinder head and setting the inner surface as a parabolic structure, guide the shock wave generated by the explosion, so that the shock wave facing upward above the cylinder head can be reflected to the ore to be processed in the inner cavity of the rack, thereby making full use of the shock wave generated by the explosion to achieve the effect of saving energy. And the cylinder head is made of steel material and has strong impact resistance.

[0026] 5. The mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking can, by setting a pushing mechanism, under the detection of the optical sorting mechanism, push the ore with a small diameter and push it into the inner cavity of the screening frame, so as to complete the screening work again. By setting a lateral moving mechanism, under control, the moving frame can be moved, and the pushing plate can push the ore. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic external structure diagram of a mineral pre-selection device based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a side view of the structure of a mineral pre-selection device based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic structure diagram of the shock wave generating device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the shock wave generating device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic partial cross-sectional structure diagram of the shock wave generating device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic structure diagram of the adjusting mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the adjusting mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic structure diagram of the material placing mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 Side view of the structure of the material placing mechanism of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the material placing mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 Schematic structure diagram of the intelligent picking mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 Schematic partial structure diagram of the intelligent picking mechanism of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 Schematic structure diagram of the material pushing mechanism of the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 1. frame; 2. top plate; 3. shock wave generating device; 4. adjusting mechanism; 5. feeding pipe; 6. material placing mechanism; 7. intelligent picking mechanism; 31. fixed box; 32. telescopic tube; 33. cylinder head; 34. wrapping frame; 35. connecting box; 36. fixed plate; 310. first insulating tube; 311. negative electrode rod; 312. second wire; 313. negative electrode connecting post; 314. first wire; 315. second insulating tube; 316. positive electrode rod; 317. positive electrode connecting post; 318. third wire; 319. wire feeding mechanism; 320. metal wire; 41. fixing ring; 42. connecting frame; 43. limiting ring; 44. rotating plate; 45. threaded rod; 46. threaded tube; 47. sliding tube; 48. fixed tube; 49. the first a spring; 410, a support plate; 411, a first retaining ring; 412, a retaining column; 413, a second spring; 414, a second retaining ring; 61, a tilting frame; 62, a screening plate; 63, an elastic rod; 64, a first moving rod; 65, a limiting tube; 66, a sliding block; 67, a third spring; 68, a second moving rod; 69, a support rod; 610, a blocking plate; 71, a screening frame; 72, a screening net; 73, a tilting box; 74, a first discharge pipe; 75, a screening box; 76, a second discharge pipe; 77, an arc plate; 78, a conveying mechanism; 79, a pushing mechanism; 710, an optical selection mechanism; 791, a support frame; 792, a lateral moving mechanism; 793, a limiting rod; 794, a sliding sleeve; 795, a moving frame; 796, a pushing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0042] The first embodiment, as Figures 1-13 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a mineral preselection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting, comprising the following steps: pre-crushing the ore to obtain pre-crushed ore, wherein the ore includes minerals and rocks;

[0043] The ores with particle sizes less than or equal to the small particle size in the pre-crushed ores are transported to the ball mill for crushing;

[0044] The ores with a particle size larger than the small particle size in the pre-crushed ore are transported to a controllable shock wave processing device, and the controllable shock wave processing device performs a shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. The shock wave is transmitted into the interior of the pre-crushed ore, and the shock wave energy is deposited in the medium density discontinuity area between the mineral and the rock, and the cracks are expanded autonomously in a shear-stretching manner, so that the ore is crushed and the primary crushed ore is obtained. During the shock wave operation, the mechanical strength of the primary crushed ore is evenly reduced;

[0045] The ores with particle sizes less than or equal to the small particle size in the primary crushed ores are transported to the ball mill for crushing;

[0046] The ore with a particle size greater than or equal to the large particle size in the primary crushed ore is conveyed to the tailings collection device, and the large particle size is greater than the small particle size;

[0047] The ores with particle sizes between small and large in the primary crushed ore are separated by an intelligent sorting mechanism, with the coarse ore being sent to a tailings collection device and the concentrate being sent to a ball mill for crushing.

[0048] The large particle size is 40-50mm, and the small particle size is 7-11mm. It should be noted that the copper grade of the +45mm particle size that has not been broken after the controllable shock wave is only 0.02%, which can be considered as a lean ore, while the particles between +8mm-45mm are not much different from the grade of the original ore, and the grade of -8mm particles is significantly higher than the grade of the original ore. This shows that in the ore dressing process, after the controllable shock wave, the ore that has not been broken has a very low relative grade and can be directly pre-thrown. The fine particles of the crushed product have a high grade and can be mixed with the concentrate through the optical separator to reduce the amount of ore processed by 71%; Supplement 1: Controllable shock wave crushing has the technical characteristics of pre-weakening and selective crushing of ore. The discovery of these two points has promoted the application of high-pressure pulse crushing technology in many fields. It is mainly used for pre-enrichment, pre-weakening, promoting dissociation, improving leaching characteristics, and waste recycling and treatment.

[0049] The research results show the metal distribution rate and dissociation degree of different particle sizes of controlled shock wave crushing products and mechanical crushing products, and compare the flotation test results of the two products. The results show that the controlled shock wave has a strong selective crushing ability, which can preferentially crush high-grade ore particles and enrich metal minerals to fine particles. The advantage of controlled shock waves in promoting the dissociation of metal minerals is mainly reflected in coarse-grained products. Among the coarse-grained products, the proportion of pyrite with a dissociation degree of 80-100% in the controlled shock wave body crushing product is increased by 36.46% compared with the low-grade feed particle crushing product not affected by the controlled shock wave, and by 43.91% compared with the mechanical crushing product. Under the same flotation experimental conditions, the flotation concentrate recovery rate of the ore after the controlled shock wave can be increased by up to 12.22%.

[0050] The second embodiment, as Figures 1-13As shown, a mineral preselection device based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking comprises a frame 1, a feed pipe 5 is passed through the outer surface of the frame 1, a top plate 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the frame 1, and the feed pipe 5 is provided so that the pre-crushed ore can enter the inner cavity of the frame 1, and a shock wave generating device 3 is passed through the upper surface of the top plate 2, and the shock wave generating device 3 is used to perform shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. By providing the shock wave generating device 3, during operation, the shock wave can act on the free surface or weak surface inside the ore, and act on the ore through shearing and stretching. The pores and cracks are generated or expanded inside to reduce the mechanical strength of the ore, thereby further crushing the ore or separating the target mineral from the gangue mineral in the ore. The upper surface of the top plate 2 is provided with an adjusting mechanism 4, and the inner cavity of the frame 1 is provided with a material placing mechanism 6, and the material placing mechanism 6 includes an inclined frame 61, and the inclined frame 61 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame 1. The upper surface of the inclined frame 61 is movably connected with a sieve plate 62. By setting the adjusting mechanism 4, the distance between the shock wave generating device 3 and the ore can be adjusted to cope with the breakage of ores with different hardness. The invention has the effect of adjusting the working state of the feeding mechanism 6 when the shock wave generating device 3 is working, so that the ore will not be discharged from the frame 1, and after the ore is crushed, the working state of the feeding mechanism 6 is adjusted to allow the ore to enter the next step. By setting the tilting frame 61, the ore can be tilted, so that the ore can slide out of the inner cavity of the frame 1 without being blocked; the side of the frame 1 away from the feeding pipe 5 is provided with an intelligent picking mechanism 7, and the intelligent picking mechanism 7 includes a screening frame 71, and the screening frame 71 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 away from the feeding pipe 5. On one side of the material pipe 5, a side of the screening frame 71 away from the frame 1 is fixedly connected with a screening box 75, the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the screening box 75 is provided with a conveying mechanism 78, and the upper surface of the screening box 75 is fixedly connected with an optical sorting mechanism 710. By setting up the intelligent sorting mechanism 7, the ore with a particle size between the small particle size and the large particle size in the primary crushed ore can be separated by the intelligent sorting mechanism 7, wherein the coarse ore is sent to the tailings collection device, and the concentrate is sent to the ball mill for crushing. The optical sorting mechanism 710 is a prior art, which can detect the size of the ore diameter through the optical sorting sensor.

[0051] The shock wave generating device 3 comprises a fixed box 31, the fixed box 31 penetrates the top plate 2, the top surface of the inner cavity of the fixed box 31 is fixedly connected with a telescopic tube 32, the bottom end of the telescopic tube 32 is fixedly connected with a cylinder head 33, the inner surface of the cylinder head 33 is a parabolic structure, the outer surface of the cylinder head 33 is fixedly connected with a wrapping frame 34, the upper surface of the cylinder head 33 is observed with a connecting box 35, the inner wall of the connecting box 35 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 36, by setting the telescopic tube 32, deformation can be generated, so that the cylinder head 33 can produce the effect of vertical up and down movement in the inner cavity of the fixed box 31, thereby adjusting the distance between the cylinder cover 33 and the ore in the inner cavity of the frame 1. By setting the cylinder cover 33 and setting the inner surface to a parabolic structure, the shock wave generated by the explosion can be guided, so that the shock wave toward the top of the cylinder cover 33 can be reflected to the ore to be operated in the inner cavity of the frame 1, thereby making full use of the shock wave generated by the explosion to achieve the effect of saving energy. In addition, the cylinder cover 33 is made of steel material and has strong impact resistance.

[0052] The bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connection box 35 is penetrated by a first insulating tube 310 and a second insulating tube 315 respectively, and a negative electrode rod 311 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first insulating tube 310. A wire feeding mechanism 319 is provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate 36, and a metal wire 320 is wound around the inner cavity of the wire feeding mechanism 319, and the metal wire 320 penetrates the negative electrode rod 311. A first wire 314 is penetrated through the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connection box 35, and the end of the first wire 314 is connected to the negative electrode rod 311, and the bottom end of the negative electrode rod 311 is fixedly connected to the second wire 312, the end of the second wire 312 is fixedly connected to the negative pole connecting post 313, the inner wall of the second insulating tube 315 is provided with a positive rod 316, the top of the positive rod 316 is fixedly connected to the third wire 318, the bottom of the positive rod 316 is provided with a positive pole connecting post 317, the first wire 314 and the third wire 318 are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the high-voltage DC power supply, when working, the first wire 314 and the third wire 318 in the device need to be connected to the circuit, by setting the first insulating tube 310 and the third wire 318 The second insulating tube 315 can prevent the current of the negative electrode rod 311 and the positive electrode rod 316 from leaking out. By setting the first wire 314, the second wire 312 and the negative electrode connecting post 313, the current generated by the high-voltage DC power supply 37 can flow to the outer surface of the metal wire 320 through the negative electrode connecting post 313. By setting the third wire 318, the positive electrode rod 316 and the positive electrode connecting post 317, the flow generated by the high-voltage DC power supply 37 can flow, so that the metal wire 320 is connected to the current and explodes. When the system is working, the operator controls the wire feeding mechanism 3 19, so that the metal wire 320 is inserted into the inner cavity of the negative electrode rod 311, and the end of the metal wire 320 is in contact with the positive electrode connecting post 317, and then the operator starts the high-voltage DC power supply, so that the high-voltage DC power supply charges the energy storage capacitor. When the voltage reaches the set working threshold, the circuit is connected, and then current is generated, so that the metal wire 320 is short-circuited, and under the action of high voltage electricity, an explosion occurs, and then a spherical shock wave is generated. After that, the shock wave generated by the explosion will be reflected by the parabolic structure on the inner surface of the cylinder cover 33, and the shock wave will crush the ore.

[0053] The adjusting mechanism 4 includes a fixing ring 41, which is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the wrapping frame 34, and a connecting frame 42 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixing ring 41. A limiting ring 43 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame 42, and a rotating plate 44 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the limiting ring 43. A threaded rod 45 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating plate 44, and a threaded tube 46 is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded rod 45. By setting the limiting ring 43, the rotating plate 44 can be limited so that the rotating plate 44 can be in the inner cavity of the limiting ring 43. The package frame 34 and the threaded rod 45 can be positioned together by setting a fixing ring 41 and a connecting frame 42. The threaded rod 45 can be limited by setting a threaded tube 46 so that the threaded rod 45 can move up and down in the inner cavity of the threaded tube 46 when rotating. The outer surface of the threaded tube 46 is fixedly connected with a sliding tube 47. The outer surface of the sliding tube 47 is slidably connected with a fixing tube 48. The fixing tube 48 passes through the axis of the upper surface of the top plate 2. The outer surface of the sliding tube 47 is sleeved with a first spring 49. The bottom end of the first spring 49 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixed tube 48, the top of the outer surface of the sliding tube 47 is fixedly connected to a support plate 410, the end of the support plate 410 is fixedly connected to a first retaining ring 411, the inner cavity of the first retaining ring 411 is slidably connected to a retaining column 412, a second spring 413 is fixedly connected between the retaining column 412 and the opposite surface of the first retaining ring 411, the outer surface of the fixed tube 48 is fixedly connected to a second retaining ring 414, and the second retaining ring 414 rubs against the outer surface of the first retaining ring 411 By setting the sliding tube 47, the effect of vertical up and down movement can be generated in the inner cavity of the fixed tube 48. By setting the first spring 49, elastic potential energy can be generated, and then after the sliding tube 47 moves, a pulling force can be generated between the sliding tube 47 and the fixed tube 48, and then it returns to its original position. By setting the first retaining ring 411, the second retaining ring 414 and the retaining column 412, the first retaining ring 411 and the second retaining ring 414 can be overlapped and the retaining column 412 can be inserted into its inner cavity, so that the sliding tube 47 and the fixed tube 48 are fixed together and will not move.

[0054] The upper surface of the sieve plate 62 is fixedly connected with an elastic rod 63, the top of the elastic rod 63 is fixedly connected with a first moving rod 64, the top of the first moving rod 64 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding tube 47, the lower surface of the tilting frame 61 passes through a limiting tube 65, the inner cavity of the limiting tube 65 is slidably connected with a sliding block 66, the upper surface of the sliding block 66 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first moving rod 64, and the first moving rod 64 is located on one side of the inner cavity of the limiting tube 65. A third spring 67 is sleeved The lower surface of the sliding block 66 is fixedly connected with a second moving rod 68, the bottom end of the second moving rod 68 is fixedly connected with a support rod 69, the end of the support rod 69 is fixedly connected with a blocking plate 610, the blocking plate 610 passes through the inclined frame 61, and the outer side of the blocking plate 610 is provided with a material penetration hole. By setting the elastic rod 63, a certain elasticity can be generated, so that when the screen plate 62 is squeezed with the upper surface of the inclined frame 61, deformation is generated. By setting the limit tube 65, the sliding block 66 can be The limiting function is to make the sliding block 66 move vertically up and down in the inner cavity of the limiting tube 65. By setting the blocking plate 610 and opening the material penetration hole on the outer side, the ore in the inner cavity of the frame 1 can be blocked, thereby preventing the ore from flowing out during crushing. When in use, the operator pours the initially crushed ore into the inner cavity of the frame 1 through the feed pipe 5. At the same time, the operator overlaps the first clamping ring 411 and the second clamping ring 414 and inserts the clamping column 412 into the inner cavity. At this time, the sliding tube 47 and the fixed tube 48 are fixed together and will not move, so that the screen plate 62 is located on the upper surface of the inclined frame 61 and is in tight contact with it. At this time, the material penetration hole of the baffle plate 610 is located below the inclined frame 61, thereby achieving the effect of preventing the ore from leaking out; when the ore is broken by the shock wave generating device 3, the operator pulls out the positioning column 412, thereby moving the screen plate 62 upward, and at this time, the material penetration hole of the baffle plate 610 is located above the inclined frame 61, so that the ore can slide out of the inclined frame 61.

[0055] The upper surface of the screening frame 71 is penetrated by a screening mesh 72, the lower surface of the screening frame 71 is fixedly connected to a tilting box 73, the outer side surface of the tilting box 73 is penetrated by a first discharge pipe 74, the upper surface of the screening frame 71 is fixedly connected to an arc plate 77, and the outer side surface of the screening box 75 is penetrated by a second discharge pipe 76. By providing the screening mesh 72, ores with small particle diameters can leak through the gaps between the screening meshes 72 and enter the inner cavity of the tilting box 73, and finally be discharged from the first discharge pipe 74. By providing the arc plate 77, the ore on the upper surface of the screening frame 71 can be diverted. The upper surface of the screening box 75 is provided with a pushing mechanism 79, and the pushing mechanism 79 includes a support frame 791, and the support frame 791 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box 75. The upper surface of the support frame 791 is provided with a transverse moving mechanism 792, and the inner wall of the support frame 791 is provided with a limiting rod 793. The outer surface of the limiting rod 793 is slidably connected with a sliding sleeve 794, and the lower surface of the sliding sleeve 794 is fixedly connected with a moving frame 795. The moving frame 795 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the transverse moving mechanism 792, and the lower surface of the moving frame 795 is fixedly connected with a pushing plate 796. By setting the pushing mechanism 79, the ore with a small diameter can be pushed under the detection of the optical selection mechanism 710 and pushed into the inner cavity of the screening frame 71, so as to complete the screening work again. By setting the transverse moving mechanism 792, the moving frame 795 can be moved under control, and the pushing plate 796 can push the ore.

[0056] Working principle: When in use, the operator pours the initially crushed ore into the inner cavity of the frame 1 through the feed pipe 5. At the same time, the operator overlaps the first clamping ring 411 and the second clamping ring 414 and inserts the clamping column 412 into the inner cavity, so that the sliding tube 47 and the fixed tube 48 are fixed together and will not move, so that the sieve plate 62 is located on the upper surface of the inclined frame 61 and is in tight contact. At this time, the material penetration hole of the blocking plate 610 is located below the inclined frame 61, thereby achieving the effect of preventing the ore from leaking out;

[0057] The operator controls the wire feeding mechanism 319 so that the metal wire 320 is inserted into the inner cavity of the negative electrode rod 311 and the end of the metal wire 320 is in contact with the positive electrode connecting post 317. Then the operator starts the high-voltage DC power supply so that the high-voltage DC power supply charges the energy storage capacitor. When the voltage reaches the set working threshold, the circuit is connected, and then a current is generated, so that the metal wire 320 is short-circuited, and an explosion is generated under the action of the high voltage electricity, thereby generating a spherical shock wave. Then the shock wave generated by the explosion will be reflected by the parabolic structure on the inner surface of the cylinder cover 33, and the shock wave will crush the ore.

[0058] After the ore is broken by the shock wave generating device 3, the operator pulls out the positioning column 412, so that the screening plate 62 moves upward. At this time, the material penetration hole of the blocking plate 610 is located above the tilting frame 61, so that the ore can slide out of the tilting frame 61;

[0059] The ore enters the inner cavity of the screening box 75, and small particles of ore will leak into the inner cavity of the tilting box 73 through the gaps in the screening mesh 72, while large particles and some small particles of ore that have not entered the screening mesh 72 will enter the upper surface of the conveying mechanism 78, and under the detection of the optical selection mechanism 710, the horizontal moving mechanism 792 will move, and the pushing plate 796 will push the small particles of ore and push them back into the upper surface of the screening mesh 72.

[0060] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-cracking, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Pre-crushing the ore to obtain pre-crushed ore, wherein the ore includes minerals and rocks; The ores with particle sizes less than or equal to the small particle size in the pre-crushed ores are transported to the ball mill for crushing; The ores with a particle size larger than the small particle size in the pre-crushed ore are transported to a controllable shock wave processing device, and the controllable shock wave processing device performs a shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. The shock wave is transmitted into the interior of the pre-crushed ore, and the shock wave energy is deposited in the medium density discontinuity area between the mineral and the rock, and the cracks are expanded autonomously in a shear-stretching manner, so that the ore is crushed and the primary crushed ore is obtained. During the shock wave operation, the mechanical strength of the primary crushed ore is evenly reduced; The ores with particle sizes less than or equal to the small particle size in the primary crushed ores are transported to the ball mill for crushing; The ore with a particle size greater than or equal to the large particle size in the primary crushed ore is conveyed to the tailings collection device, and the large particle size is greater than the small particle size; The ores with particle sizes between small and large in the primary crushed ore are separated by an intelligent sorting mechanism, with the coarse ore being sent to a tailings collection device and the concentrate being sent to a ball mill for crushing.

2. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large particle size is 40 to 50 mm, and the small particle size is 7 to 11 mm.

3. A mineral preselection method based on controllable shock wave presplitting according to claim 1, wherein the method adopts a mineral preselection device based on controllable shock wave presplitting, comprising a frame (1), a feed pipe (5) passing through the outer surface of the frame (1), and a top plate (2) fixedly connected to the top of the frame (1), characterized in that: The upper surface of the top plate (2) is penetrated by a shock wave generating device (3), and the shock wave generating device (3) is used to perform shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. The upper surface of the top plate (2) is provided with an adjusting mechanism (4). The inner cavity of the frame (1) is provided with a material placing mechanism (6), and the material placing mechanism (6) comprises an inclined frame (61), and the inclined frame (61) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame (1). The upper surface of the inclined frame (61) is movably connected to a screening plate (62); An intelligent picking mechanism (7) is arranged on the side of the frame (1) away from the feed pipe (5), and the intelligent picking mechanism (7) comprises a screening frame (71), and the screening frame (71) is fixedly connected to the side of the frame (1) away from the feed pipe (5), and a screening box (75) is fixedly connected to the side of the screening frame (71) away from the frame (1), and a conveying mechanism (78) is arranged on the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the screening box (75), and an optical selection mechanism (710) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box (75).

4. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shock wave generating device (3) comprises a fixed box (31), the fixed box (31) passes through the top plate (2), the top surface of the inner cavity of the fixed box (31) is fixedly connected to a telescopic tube (32), the bottom end of the telescopic tube (32) is fixedly connected to a cylinder head (33), the inner surface of the cylinder head (33) is a parabolic structure, the outer surface of the cylinder head (33) is fixedly connected to a wrapping frame (34), the upper surface of the cylinder head (33) is observed to have a connecting box (35), and the inner wall of the connecting box (35) is fixedly connected to a fixing plate (36).

5. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connection box (35) is respectively penetrated by a first insulating tube (310) and a second insulating tube (315); a negative electrode rod (311) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first insulating tube (310); a wire feeding mechanism (319) is arranged on the upper surface of the fixing plate (36); a metal wire (320) is wound around the inner cavity of the wire feeding mechanism (319); the metal wire (320) penetrates the negative electrode rod (311); and a first conductive wire (314) is penetrated by the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connection box (35). ), the end of the first wire (314) is connected to the negative electrode rod (311), the bottom end of the negative electrode rod (311) is fixedly connected to the second wire (312), the end of the second wire (312) is fixedly connected to the negative electrode connection post (313), a positive electrode rod (316) is arranged on the inner wall of the second insulating tube (315), the top end of the positive electrode rod (316) is fixedly connected to the third wire (318), and the bottom end of the positive electrode rod (316) is arranged to the positive electrode connection post (317).

6. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (4) comprises a fixing ring (41), the fixing ring (41) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the wrapping frame (34), the outer surface of the fixing ring (41) is fixedly connected to a connecting frame (42), the inner wall of the connecting frame (42) is fixedly connected to a limiting ring (43), the inner cavity of the limiting ring (43) is rotatably connected to a rotating plate (44), the inner wall of the rotating plate (44) is fixedly connected to a threaded rod (45), and the outer surface of the threaded rod (45) is threadedly connected to a threaded tube (46).

7. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer surface of the threaded tube (46) is fixedly connected to a sliding tube (47), and the outer surface of the sliding tube (47) is slidably connected to a fixed tube (48), and the fixed tube (48) passes through the axis of the upper surface of the top plate (2). The outer surface of the sliding tube (47) is sleeved with a first spring (49), and the bottom end of the first spring (49) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixed tube (48). The top of the outer surface of the sliding tube (47) is fixedly connected to a support plate (410). A first retaining ring (411) is fixedly connected to the end of the support plate (410), a retaining column (412) is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the first retaining ring (411), a second spring (413) is fixedly connected between the retaining column (412) and the opposite surface of the first retaining ring (411), a second retaining ring (414) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixed tube (48), and the second retaining ring (414) is frictionally matched with the outer surface of the first retaining ring (411).

8. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper surface of the sieve plate (62) is fixedly connected to an elastic rod (63), the top end of the elastic rod (63) is fixedly connected to a first moving rod (64), the top end of the first moving rod (64) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding tube (47), the lower surface of the inclined frame (61) passes through a limiting tube (65), the inner cavity of the limiting tube (65) is slidably connected to a sliding block (66), the upper surface of the sliding block (66) is fixedly connected to the first moving rod (64), and the upper surface of the sliding block (66) is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the first moving rod (64). At the bottom end, the first moving rod (64) is located on one side of the inner cavity of the limiting tube (65) and is sleeved with a third spring (67); the lower surface of the sliding block (66) is fixedly connected to the second moving rod (68); the bottom end of the second moving rod (68) is fixedly connected to a support rod (69); the end of the support rod (69) is fixedly connected to a blocking plate (610); the blocking plate (610) passes through the inclined frame (61); and a material penetration hole is opened on the outer side surface of the blocking plate (610).

9. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 8, characterized in that: A screening net (72) is passed through the upper surface of the screening frame (71), a tilting box (73) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the screening frame (71), a first discharge pipe (74) is passed through the outer side surface of the tilting box (73), an arc plate (77) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening frame (71), and a second discharge pipe (76) is passed through the outer side surface of the screening box (75).

10. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper surface of the screening box (75) is provided with a pushing mechanism (79), and the pushing mechanism (79) comprises a support frame (791), and the support frame (791) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box (75); the upper surface of the support frame (791) is provided with a transverse moving mechanism (792); a limiting rod (793) is provided at the inner wall of the support frame (791); the outer surface of the limiting rod (793) is slidably connected with a sliding sleeve (794); the lower surface of the sliding sleeve (794) is fixedly connected with a moving frame (795); the moving frame (795) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the transverse moving mechanism (792); and the lower surface of the moving frame (795) is fixedly connected with a pushing plate (796).

Images