Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectric catalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof. First, Bi2SiO5 powder is prepared, then Bi2SiO5 powder, isopropyl alcohol solution, polyphenylquinone solution and iodine element are prepared into Bi2SiO5 precursor solution according to a ratio, a pretreated carbon foam substrate is placed at a negative electrode of a hydrothermal electrophoresis deposition instrument, the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution is placed for deposition, deposition is carried out under a voltage of 15-30 V for 1-20 min, then the instrument is turned off, the carbon foam substrate is taken out, and the required Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam photoelectric catalyst can be obtained after drying. The material has good light absorption and excellent electrical conductivity, greatly improves the efficiency of photoelectric catalytic water splitting, solves the problem of low electrical conductivity of pure Bi2SiO5, breaks through the limitation of the material itself, has excellent photoelectric catalytic prospect, and has wide adaptability. The integrated photoelectrode of the carbon foam material is more stable than a traditional photoelectrode, can work stably for a long time, and has easy control, simple process, short cycle and low energy consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of functional materials, and relates to a photoelectrocatalytic material, in particular to a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The global energy crisis of lithium and environmental pollution problems caused by fossil fuels have promoted a large amount of research on clean and renewable energy. Photoelectrocatalytic water splitting is considered as a potential strategy to solve the above problems.

[0003] Bi2O2SiO3(-3.5eV) is a typical Aurivillius group photocatalytic material, and through its crystal structure, it can be seen that it is an orthorhombic structure in which the [Bi2O2] n 2n+ layer and the perovskite-like [SiO3] n 2n- layer alternately. This structure is beneficial to the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs, and forms an internal electric field between the slabs, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance. The valence band (VB) of BSO is formed by O 2p and Bi 6p orbitals, and the conduction band (CB) is formed by Si 5d orbitals. Bi 6s and O2p hybridization leads to a large amount of dispersion of the VB, which accelerates the migration of photoexcited holes. However, the weak conductivity of Bi2SiO5 makes it difficult to guide the electron-hole pairs generated by sunlight excitation, which seriously limits the practical application of Bi2SiO5. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof. The material has good light absorption and excellent electrical conductivity, greatly improves the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, and has simple process, short cycle and low energy consumption.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:

[0006] A preparation method of a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step one, take Bi(NO3)3.5H2O, tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium triacetoxyborohydride according to the mass ratio (5-10):(1-10):(1-10), and dissolve Bi(NO3)3.5H2O in deionized water to prepare solution A; take tetraethyl orthosilicate as a raw material, add sodium triacetoxyborohydride and deionized water to prepare solution B;

[0008] Mix solution A and solution B, adjust pH value to 7-13 after stirring, to obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0009] Step two, fill Bi2SiO5 precursor solution prepared in step one into the inner liner of the reaction kettle, and place it in the vacuum oven for reaction, and keep it at 100-200℃ for 6-30h, then take out the reaction kettle after the temperature in the oven decreases to room temperature, and cool it, and then centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain the powder, namely Bi2SiO5 powder;

[0010] Step three, according to the mass ratio of Bi2SiO5 powder, isopropanol solution, polyphenylquinone solution and iodine element being (1-5):(1-10):(1-10):(1-5), take Bi2SiO5 powder and place it in a beaker, add isopropanol solution and polyphenylquinone solution, stir until evenly dispersed, then add iodine element and continue to stir until evenly dispersed, to obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0011] Among them, the mass percentage concentration of isopropanol solution is 90%-98%, and the concentration of polyphenylquinone solution is 0.1-0.5M;

[0012] Step four, select carbon foam substrate with a density of 0.5-1.3g / cm 3 for cleaning, low-temperature heat treatment and cutting pretreatment;

[0013] Step five, place the pretreated carbon foam substrate on the negative electrode of the hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition instrument, and deposit Bi2SiO5 precursor solution, and deposit for 1-20min under a voltage of 15-30V, then turn off the equipment, take out the carbon foam substrate, and dry to obtain the required Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam photoelectrocatalyst.

[0014] The application also has the following technical features:

[0015] Preferably, the pH adjusting agent used for adjusting pH in step one is 0.1-10M NH3·H2O solution.

[0016] Preferably, the stirring in step one and step three is magnetic stirring for 30-120min.

[0017] Preferably, the filling ratio of the inner liner of the reaction kettle in step two is 30%-50%.

[0018] Preferably, the washing in step two is deionized water washing for 3-5 times.

[0019] Preferably, the drying in step two and step five is 80℃ oven drying for 12-24h.

[0020] Preferably, the pretreatment method of the carbon foam substrate in step four comprises:

[0021] The carbon foam substrate is sequentially immersed in acetone and nitric acid solutions with a concentration of 0.1-1M and is ultrasonically treated for 30-90min, is cleaned with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol after ultrasonic treatment, and is then subjected to low-temperature heat treatment at 10-300℃ for 1-5h to obtain a C-C substrate and cut into small pieces with a size of 1*1cm.

[0022] Preferably, the molecular weight of the polyphenylquinone ranges from 3000 to 6000.

[0023] The application also protects a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material prepared by the above method and the application of the material as an anode material in a photoelectrocatalytic water splitting process.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects:

[0025] The application adopts a hydrothermal deposition technology, uses a carbon-carbon composite material as a carrier, and deposits Bi2SiO5 on the surface of the carrier. The carbon foam substrate is a kind of light porous carbon material with good mechanical properties. The loose and porous structure of the carbon foam substrate increases the specific surface area and improves the active sites for deposition. A highly stable and highly adaptable single-piece light Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic electrode material is prepared. The material has good light absorption and excellent electrical conductivity, greatly improves the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, solves the problem of low electrical conductivity of pure Bi2SiO5, breaks through the limitation of the material itself, and has excellent photoelectrocatalytic prospects. The integrated photoelectrode of the carbon foam material is more stable than the traditional photoelectrode and has wide adaptability, and can work stably for a long time.

[0026] The preparation method of the application is easy to control, can be used for accurate directional synthesis, and has the advantages of simple process, short cycle and low energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 An X-ray diffraction analysis diagram of Bi2SiO5 prepared in Example 2;

[0028] Figure 2 An oxygen evolution performance diagram of Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam prepared in Example 2 in a solution with a pH of 9.5;

[0029] Figure 3 A scanning electron microscope diagram of Bi2SiO5 prepared in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The specific content of the application is further explained and described in detail in combination with the following examples.

[0031] The polyphenylquinone used in the following examples has a molecular weight ranging from 3000 to 6000.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A preparation method of a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step one, take Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium triacetoxyborohydride according to the mass ratio of 10:1:1, dissolve Bi(NO3)3·5H2O in deionized water to prepare solution A; take tetraethyl orthosilicate as raw material, add sodium triacetoxyborohydride and deionized water to prepare solution B;

[0035] Mix solution A and solution B, stir with a magnetic stirrer for 30 min until uniform, then adjust the pH value to 13 with 0.1M NH3·H2O solution to obtain a Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0036] Step two, fill the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution prepared in step one into the inner liner of the reaction kettle, with a filling ratio of 30%, and place it in a vacuum oven for reaction, and keep it at 150°C for 10h, then take out the reaction kettle after the temperature in the oven decreases to room temperature, and cool it, then wash it with deionized water for 3 times, and place it in an oven for drying at 80°C for 12h to obtain a powder, i.e. Bi2SiO5 powder;

[0037] Step three, take Bi2SiO5 powder, isopropyl alcohol solution, polyphenylquinone solution and iodine according to the mass ratio of 1:10:10:1, place the Bi2SiO5 powder in a beaker, add isopropyl alcohol solution and polyphenylquinone solution, stir with a magnetic stirrer for 30 min until uniformly dispersed, then add iodine and continue to stir with a magnetic stirrer for 30 min until uniformly dispersed, to obtain a Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0038] Among them, the mass percentage concentration of isopropyl alcohol solution is 90%, and the concentration of polyphenylquinone solution is 0.1M;

[0039] Step four, select a carbon foam substrate with a density of 0.5g / cm 3 , sequentially immerse the carbon foam substrate in acetone and nitric acid solutions with a concentration of 0.1M for ultrasonic treatment for 30 min, then wash it with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform low-temperature heat treatment at 10°C for 5h to obtain a C-C substrate and cut it into small pieces with a size of 1*1cm;

[0040] Step five, the pretreated carbon foam substrate is placed at the negative electrode of a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition instrument, and Bi2SiO5 precursor solution is placed for deposition, and deposition is performed at a voltage of 15 V for 20 min, then the instrument is turned off, the carbon foam substrate is taken out, and the carbon foam substrate is placed in an oven for drying at 80℃ for 12 h to obtain the required Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam photoelectrocatalyst.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for preparing a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step one, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium triacetoxyborohydride are taken according to a mass ratio of 5:1:5, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O is dissolved in deionized water to prepare solution A; tetraethyl orthosilicate is taken as a raw material, sodium triacetoxyborohydride and deionized water are added, and solution B is prepared;

[0044] Solution A and solution B are mixed, stirred by a magnetic stirrer for 60 min until uniform, and then 0.5M NH3·H2O solution is used to adjust the pH value to 7 to obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0045] Step two, the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution prepared in step one is filled into the inner liner of a reaction kettle, the filling ratio is 50%, and the reaction kettle is placed in a vacuum oven for reaction, and the temperature is kept at 180℃ for 15 h; after the temperature in the oven decreases to room temperature, the reaction kettle is taken out and cooled, and then the powder, i.e. Bi2SiO5 powder, is obtained through centrifugation, washing with deionized water for 5 times, and drying at 80℃ in an oven for 18 h;

[0046] Step three, Bi2SiO5 powder, isopropanol solution, polyphenylquinone solution and iodine are taken according to a mass ratio of 3:5:5:1, the Bi2SiO5 powder is placed in a beaker, isopropanol solution and polyphenylquinone solution are added, and stirring is performed by a magnetic stirrer for 60 min until uniform dispersion, then iodine is added and stirring is continued by a magnetic stirrer for 60 min until uniform dispersion, and then Bi2SiO5 precursor solution is obtained;

[0047] The mass percentage concentration of the isopropanol solution is 95%, and the concentration of the polyphenylquinone solution is 0.3M;

[0048] Step four, a carbon foam substrate with a density of 1g / cm 3 is selected, the carbon foam substrate is sequentially immersed in acetone and nitric acid solutions with a concentration of 0.5M for ultrasonic treatment for 60 min, and then the carbon foam substrate is washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and then low-temperature heat treatment is performed at 100℃ for 2 h to obtain a C-C substrate which is cut into small pieces with a size of 1*1 cm;

[0049] Step five, the pretreated carbon foam substrate is placed at the negative electrode of a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition instrument, a Bi2SiO5 precursor solution is placed for deposition, and deposition is performed at a voltage of 20 V for 10 min, then the instrument is turned off, the carbon foam substrate is taken out, and the carbon foam substrate is placed in an oven for drying at 80 DEG C for 18 h to obtain the required Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam photoelectrocatalyst.

[0050] Figure 1 The X-ray diffraction analysis diagram of Bi2SiO5 prepared in Example 2, wherein the abscissa is a 2 theta angle, and the ordinate is a diffraction peak intensity, can accurately correspond to Bi2SiO5 PDF #75-1483, and it is indicated that the Bi2SiO5 catalyst is successfully prepared.

[0051] The chi660e type instrument is used to test the photoelectrocatalytic effect of the prepared Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam sample. The specific test process includes that the composite photoelectrocatalyst is cut into a size of 1*1 cm, is placed in a sodium borate buffer solution with a pH of 9.5, and photoelectrolysis oxygen test is performed.

[0052] Figure 2 The oxygen evolution performance diagram of the Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam prepared in Example 2 in a solution with a pH of 9.5 can be clearly seen from the diagram, and the photoelectrocatalyst prepared in the application has good visible light oxygen evolution performance.

[0053] Figure 3 The scanning electron microscope diagram of Bi2SiO5 prepared in Example 2.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A preparation method of a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step one, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium triacetoxyborohydride are taken in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O is dissolved in deionized water to prepare a solution A; tetraethyl orthosilicate is used as a raw material, sodium triacetoxyborohydride and deionized water are added, and a solution B is prepared;

[0057] The solution A and the solution B are mixed, stirred by a magnetic stirrer for 120 min until uniform, and then a 5M NH3·H2O solution is used to adjust the pH value to 11, so as to obtain a Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0058] Step two, the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution prepared in step one is filled into a reaction kettle inner liner in a filling ratio of 40%, and is placed in a vacuum oven for reaction, and is kept at 200 DEG C for 6 h, and then the reaction kettle is taken out after the temperature in the oven decreases to room temperature, and is cooled, and then is centrifuged, washed with deionized water for 4 times, and placed in an oven for drying at 80 DEG C for 24 h to obtain a powder, that is, a Bi2SiO5 powder.

[0059] Step three, according to the mass ratio of Bi2SiO5 powder, isopropanol solution, polyphenylquinone solution and iodine is 5:10:10:3, take Bi2SiO5 powder in a beaker, add isopropanol solution and polyphenylquinone solution, use a magnetic stirrer to stir for 120 min until evenly dispersed, then add iodine and continue to stir for 120 min until evenly dispersed, to obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0060] Wherein, the mass percentage concentration of isopropanol solution is 98%, and the concentration of polyphenylquinone solution is 0.5M;

[0061] Step four, select a carbon foam substrate with a density of 1.3g / cm 3 , immerse the carbon foam substrate in a 1M concentration of acetone and nitric acid solution respectively for 90 min of ultrasonic treatment, then clean with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform low-temperature heat treatment at 300℃ for 1h, to obtain a C-C substrate and cut it into small pieces of 1*1cm;

[0062] Step five, place the pretreated carbon foam substrate on the negative electrode of the hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition instrument, and place the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution in the deposition, deposit for 1 min at a voltage of 30V, then turn off the equipment, take out the carbon foam substrate, and place it in an oven for drying at 80℃ for 24h to obtain the desired Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam photoelectrocatalyst.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] A method for preparing a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material, comprising the following steps:

[0065] Step one, take Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium triacetoxyborohydride according to a mass ratio of 6:3:2, dissolve Bi(NO3)3·5H2O in deionized water to prepare solution A; take tetraethyl orthosilicate as a raw material, add sodium triacetoxyborohydride and deionized water to prepare solution B;

[0066] Mix solution A and solution B, use a magnetic stirrer to stir for 50 min until uniform, then adjust the pH value to 10 with 10M NH3·H2O solution to obtain a Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0067] Step two, fill the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution prepared in step one into the inner liner of the reaction kettle, with a filling ratio of 35%, place it in a vacuum oven for reaction, and keep it at 100℃ for 30h, then take out the reaction kettle after the temperature in the oven decreases to room temperature, centrifuge, wash with deionized water for 5 times, and then place it in an oven for drying at 80℃ for 15h to obtain a powder, which is Bi2SiO5 powder;

[0068] Step three, according to the mass ratio of Bi2SiO5 powder, isopropanol solution, polyphenylquinone solution and iodine is 2:1:1:5, take Bi2SiO5 powder in a beaker, add isopropanol solution and polyphenylquinone solution, use a magnetic stirrer to stir for 30 min until evenly dispersed, then add iodine and continue to stir for 30 min until evenly dispersed, to obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0069] Among them, the mass percentage concentration of isopropanol solution is 96%, and the concentration of polyphenylquinone solution is 0.2M;

[0070] Step four, select a carbon foam substrate with a density of 1.2g / cm 3 , immerse the carbon foam substrate in 0.8M acetone and nitric acid solutions respectively for 30 min, then clean with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform low-temperature heat treatment at 50°C for 2h to obtain a C-C substrate and cut it into small pieces of 1*1cm;

[0071] Step five, place the pretreated carbon foam substrate on the negative electrode of the hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition instrument, and place the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution in the deposition. Deposit for 5 min at a voltage of 25V, then turn off the equipment, take out the carbon foam substrate, and place it in an oven at 80°C for 12h to obtain the desired Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam photoelectrocatalyst.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] A method for preparing a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Step one, take Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium triacetoxyborohydride according to a mass ratio of 1:2:2, dissolve Bi(NO3)3·5H2O in deionized water to prepare solution A; take tetraethyl orthosilicate as raw material, add sodium triacetoxyborohydride and deionized water to prepare solution B;

[0075] Mix solution A and solution B, stir with a magnetic stirrer for 80 min until uniform, then adjust the pH value to 8 with 3M NH3·H2O solution to obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0076] Step two, fill the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution prepared in step one into the inner liner of the reaction kettle, with a filling ratio of 45%, and place it in a vacuum oven for reaction at 120°C for 20h. After the temperature in the oven decreases to room temperature, take out the reaction kettle and cool it. After centrifugation, wash it with deionized water 5 times, and then dry it in an oven at 80°C for 15h to obtain the powder, which is Bi2SiO5 powder;

[0077] Step three, according to the mass ratio of Bi2SiO5 powder, isopropanol solution, polyphenylquinone solution and iodine element is 5:1:1:5, take Bi2SiO5 powder into a beaker, add isopropanol solution and polyphenylquinone solution, stir for 30 min with a magnetic stirrer until evenly dispersed, then add iodine element and continue to stir for 30 min with a magnetic stirrer until evenly dispersed, to obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution;

[0078] Among them, the mass percentage concentration of isopropanol solution is 90%, and the concentration of polyphenylquinone solution is 0.4M;

[0079] Step four, select a carbon foam substrate with a density of 0.8g / cm 3 , immerse the carbon foam substrate in acetone and nitric acid solutions with a concentration of 0.5M respectively for 50 min of ultrasonic treatment, then clean with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and then perform low-temperature heat treatment at 200℃ for 1.5h, to obtain a C-C substrate and cut it into small pieces of 1*1cm;

[0080] Step five, place the pretreated carbon foam substrate on the negative electrode of the hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition instrument, and place the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution into the deposition, deposit for 20 min under a voltage of 20V, then turn off the equipment, take out the carbon foam substrate, and place it in an oven for drying at 80℃ for 20h to obtain the required Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam photocatalyst.

[0081] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited thereto; any deductions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the present application shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: Step one, according to the mass ratio (5-10):(1-10):(1-10) to take Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium triacetoxyborohydride, dissolve Bi(NO3)3·5H2O in deionized water to prepare solution A; take tetraethyl orthosilicate as raw material, add sodium triacetoxyborohydride and deionized water to prepare solution B; Mix solution A and solution B, stir uniformly, adjust pH value to 7-13, and obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution; Step two, fill the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution prepared in step one into the inner liner of the reaction kettle, place it in the vacuum oven for reaction, keep it at 100-200℃ for 6-30h, take out the reaction kettle after the temperature in the oven decreases to room temperature, and obtain the powder after centrifugation, washing and drying, that is, Bi2SiO5 powder; Step three, according to the mass ratio of Bi2SiO5 powder, isopropanol solution, polyphenylquinone solution and iodine monomer (1-5):(1-10):(1-10):(1-5), take Bi2SiO5 powder and put it in a beaker, add isopropanol solution and polyphenylquinone solution, stir until uniform, then add iodine monomer and continue to stir until uniform, and obtain Bi2SiO5 precursor solution; Among them, the mass percentage concentration of isopropanol solution is 90%-98%, and the concentration of polyphenylquinone solution is 0.1-0.5M; Step four, select the density of 0.5-1.3 g / cm 3 of carbon foam substrate for cleaning, low temperature heat treatment and cutting pretreatment; Step five, place the pretreated carbon foam substrate on the negative electrode of the hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition instrument, deposit the Bi2SiO5 precursor solution, deposit at a voltage of 15-30V for 1-20min, then turn off the equipment, take out the carbon foam substrate, and dry to obtain the required Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam photoelectrocatalyst.

2. The method for preparing Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH adjusting agent used in step one is 0.1-10M NH3·H2O solution.

3. The method for preparing Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring in step one and step three is magnetic stirring for 30-120min.

4. The method for preparing Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling ratio of the inner liner of the reaction kettle in step two is 30%-50%.

5. The method for preparing Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The washing in step two is deionized water washing for 3-5 times.

6. The preparation method of the Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drying in step two and step five is drying in an oven at 80℃ for 12-24h.

7. The preparation method of the Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photocatalytic material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment method of the carbon foam substrate in step four comprises: Soak the carbon foam substrate in 0.1-1M acetone and nitric acid solutions respectively for ultrasonic treatment for 30-90min, clean with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol after ultrasonic treatment, then perform low-temperature heat treatment at 10-300℃ for 1-5h to obtain C-C substrate and cut it into small pieces of 1*1cm.

8. The preparation method of the Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photocatalytic material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The molecular weight of the polyphenylquinone is 3000-6000.

9. A Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The use of the Bi2SiO5 / carbon foam composite photoelectrocatalytic material of claim 9 as an anode material in the process of photoelectrocatalytic water splitting.

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