Waterproof construction method for concrete structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a concrete structure waterproof construction method, which relates to the technical field of concrete waterproof construction, and comprises the following steps: construction preparation stage, mounting of a fixing frame and hanging of a waterproof layer, concrete pouring, new and old concrete structure joint treatment, subsequent treatment and the like. Through the special fixing structure and construction process optimization, the stability of the waterproof layer and the grouting pipe is ensured, the construction quality is guaranteed, the service life of the concrete structure is prolonged, the rework cost caused by waterproof failure is reduced, the resource utilization efficiency is improved, and good economic benefits are achieved. According to the waterproof construction method for the concrete structure, the time for waiting for the stability of the concrete structure is shortened through a synchronous construction mode, the overall construction efficiency is remarkably improved, water permeation is effectively blocked by adopting a multi-layer waterproof design and a double-grouting-pipe barrier, the waterproof capacity of the concrete structure is greatly improved, and the leakage risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete waterproof construction, and specifically provides a waterproof construction method for concrete structures. Background Art

[0002] With the development of construction projects, more and more deep foundation pit projects have emerged, and the concrete structures have become increasingly complex. Especially in deep foundation pit projects such as subway stations, it is often faced with the problem of waterproof treatment at the joint positions of new and old concrete structures. For example, in a concrete structure that combines a diaphragm wall and an inner lining wall, after the diaphragm wall is cut, it is impossible to reserve waterproof materials such as rubber waterstops at the joint positions between the old structure and the new structure. The conventional waterproof construction process for this node often adopts a full-section closed grouting pipe to implement the grouting construction process. According to general design principles, the grouting pipe can be reused for repeated grouting, but in actual applications, the grouting pipe is often damaged due to external forces, blockages and other factors, and it is very difficult to achieve secondary grouting.

[0003] The invention with the publication number CN112709262A discloses a concrete structure waterproof construction method and a waterproof structure. The concrete structure waterproof construction method includes the following steps: opening a first notch and a second notch on the cross-section of the old concrete structure, and the first notch and the second notch are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the old concrete structure; arranging a first grouting pipe and a second grouting pipe in the first notch and the second notch respectively; forming a new concrete structure, and after the new concrete structure is formed, grouting the first grouting pipe; grouting the second grouting pipe.

[0004] As shown in the above invention, the existing waterproof construction method and waterproof structure form a double-layer grouting barrier at the joint of the new and old concrete structures to ensure the grouting quality and thus improve the waterproof performance. In addition, both the first notch and the second notch are opened on the old concrete structure, the construction process is simple, no large-scale equipment is required, and it will not damage the concrete structure, improving safety. However, this method only aims at waterproofing at the joint of new and old concrete structures, and the application scenario is single. Moreover, it mainly relies on double grouting pipes to form a waterproof barrier, and the waterproof means are limited. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a waterproof construction method for concrete structures, which solves the existing problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A waterproof construction method for concrete structures includes the following steps: Step 1: Build a fixing frame with a special structure, the fixing frame includes a first block and a second block connected to each other in an L shape, the second block is connected to the upper wall, the lower end of the first block is hinged to the third block through a protrusion block and a spring is provided between the two, and a friction block is also provided at the lower end of the first block, and the friction pattern and the anti-friction pattern on the friction block and the third block are used to clamp the waterproof layer with concave and convex points; Step 2: Fill the fixed frame with concrete so that the concrete and the waterproof layer are constructed simultaneously and in close contact; Step 3: Use the formwork to seal the concrete structure, fix the formwork with water stop bolts, remove the formwork and water stop bolts after the concrete is dry, and seal the bolt holes with waterproof mortar, and then add a layer of waterproof coating; Step 4: For the joints between the new and old concrete structures, a first notch and a second notch are opened in sequence along the extension direction on the section of the old concrete structure, and a full-section grouting pipe and a spring grouting pipe are arranged respectively, and the grouting pipes are fastened with fixings; Step 5: Forming a new concrete structure. After the new concrete structure is formed, grouting is first performed on the first grouting pipe, and then grouting is performed on the second grouting pipe after a preset time interval; Step six: Maintain the second grouting pipe and seal it after maintenance.

[0007] Preferably, the first block and the second block are connected by an inclined rod support to enhance the stability of the fixing frame, and the angle between the inclined rod and the first block and the second block is in the range of 45°-60°.

[0008] Preferably, the spring grouting pipe is made of stainless steel, and the chromium content of the stainless steel is not less than 18% to prevent corrosion and extend the service life of the grouting pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the buckle includes a clamping portion and a fastening portion, the clamping portion is used to clamp the grouting pipe, and the fastening portion is used to fix the buckle on the old concrete structure to ensure that the grouting pipe is firmly positioned during the construction process.

[0010] Preferably, after grouting the first grouting pipe, grouting is performed on the second grouting pipe at an interval of 24-48 hours. The preset time is reasonably adjusted according to the initial setting time and the final setting time of the grouting material to ensure that the two layers of grouting form an effective waterproof barrier.

[0011] Preferably, in the waterproof layer with concave and convex points, the height of the convex points is 5-10 mm, the depth of the concave points is 3-7 mm, and the concave and convex points are evenly distributed to increase the bonding area and friction with the concrete and improve the waterproof effect.

[0012] Preferably, when sealing the bolt holes with waterproof mortar, the mass ratio of the waterproof mortar is cement: sand: water = 1:2: (0.5-0.6), and an appropriate amount of waterproofing agent is added to enhance the waterproof performance.

[0013] Preferably, when curing the second grouting pipe, a water spray curing method is adopted, and the curing time is not less than 7 days. During the curing period, the concrete surface is kept moist to ensure the strength increase and stable waterproof performance of the concrete around the grouting pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the depth of the first notch and the second notch is 1.5-2 times the diameter of the grouting pipe, and the width is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the grouting pipe. The inner wall of the notch should be flat and smooth to ensure that the grouting pipe is installed tightly and the grouting effect is good.

[0015] Beneficial Effects The present invention provides a concrete structure waterproofing construction method. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects: 1. This concrete structure waterproofing construction method reduces the time waiting for the concrete structure to stabilize through synchronous construction, significantly improving the overall construction efficiency. It adopts a multi-layer waterproofing design and a double grouting pipe barrier to effectively block water penetration, greatly improving the waterproofing ability of the concrete structure and reducing the risk of leakage.

[0016] 2. This concrete structure waterproofing construction method ensures the stability of the waterproof layer and the grouting pipe through a special fixed structure and construction process optimization, guarantees the construction quality, extends the service life of the concrete structure, reduces the rework cost caused by waterproofing failure, improves resource utilization efficiency, and has good economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection between the first block and the second block structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the waterproof coiled material structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the notch and the grouting pipe structure of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: a first block 1, a second block 2, a third block 3, a waterproof membrane 4, a concave point 41, a convex point 42, a first notch 5, a second notch 51, a full-section grouting pipe 6, a spring grouting pipe 61, and a buckle 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See Figure 1-4 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A concrete structure waterproofing construction method comprises the following steps: 1. Construction preparation stage Material preparation Waterproof layer material: Select high-quality waterproofing membrane 4 with concave and convex points, the height of the convex point 42 is strictly controlled at 5-10 mm, the depth of the concave point 41 is 3-7 mm, and the concave and convex points are evenly distributed. Ensure that the material of the waterproofing membrane 4 meets the relevant national standards and has good weather resistance, water resistance and flexibility.

[0021] Fixing frame materials: Prepare sufficient number of first blocks 1, second blocks 2, diagonal bars, third blocks 3 and springs. The first blocks 1 and second blocks 2 are made of high-strength steel to ensure their strength and stability. The length and angle of the diagonal bars are customized according to actual construction requirements, and the angles with the first blocks 1 and second blocks 2 are controlled between 45-60°. The size and specifications of the third block 3 and the spring should be compatible with the first block 1, and the spring should have a suitable elastic coefficient to ensure the clamping force of the waterproof membrane 4.

[0022] Concrete materials: According to the design strength grade of the concrete structure, select appropriate raw materials such as cement, aggregate, and admixtures. Cement should be made of Portland cement with stable quality and high strength; the particle size and gradation of aggregates should meet relevant standards to ensure the workability and compactness of concrete. The addition of admixtures should be carried out strictly in accordance with the design requirements. For example, adding an appropriate amount of water reducer can improve the fluidity and strength of concrete, while reducing water consumption and reducing the risk of shrinkage cracks in concrete.

[0023] Other materials: Prepare water stop bolts, waterproof mortar, waterproof coating, full-section grouting pipe 6, spring grouting pipe 61, buckle 7 and other materials. The specifications of the water stop bolts should be selected according to the thickness of the formwork and the requirements of the concrete structure to ensure that they can effectively fix the formwork and prevent water seepage. The mix ratio of waterproof mortar is prepared according to cement: sand: water = 1:2: (0.5-0.6), and an appropriate amount of waterproofing agent, such as silicone waterproofing agent, is added to enhance the waterproof performance. Polymer cement waterproof coating can be used as waterproof coating, which has good adhesion and water resistance. The full-section grouting pipe 6 and spring grouting pipe 61 must ensure reliable quality. The spring grouting pipe 61 is made of stainless steel with a chromium content of not less than 18% to prevent corrosion. Buckle 7 should have sufficient strength and clamping force to fix the grouting pipe.

[0024] Tool and equipment preparation Tools needed to build the fixing frame: electric welder, wrench, screwdriver, etc., for assembly and connection of the fixing frame. The electric welder should ensure the welding quality and ensure the structure of the fixing frame is firm. The specifications of the wrench and screwdriver should match the bolts and nuts of the fixing frame to facilitate installation and disassembly.

[0025] Concrete pouring tools: concrete pump, vibrator, shovel, etc. The delivery capacity of the concrete pump should meet the construction requirements to ensure that the concrete can be smoothly delivered to the pouring site. The vibrator should be of a suitable model, and its vibration frequency and amplitude should be able to make the concrete fully dense. The shovel is used to assist in the pouring and leveling of concrete.

[0026] Template installation tools: hammer, electric saw, nails, etc. The hammer is used to hit the nails to fix the template. The electric saw is used to cut the template to meet the construction size requirements. The length and diameter of the nail should be selected according to the material and thickness of the template to ensure that the template is installed firmly.

[0027] Other tools: level and total station for measurement, trowel for plugging bolt holes, brush for applying waterproof coating, etc. Level and total station are used to ensure accurate elevation and position during construction. The size and shape of the trowel should be convenient for plugging bolt holes. The bristles of the brush should be soft and have good adsorption to ensure uniform application of waterproof coating.

[0028] Construction site preparation Clean up the construction site: remove debris, garbage and obstacles from the construction site to ensure that the construction area is flat and clean. Carry out necessary hardening treatment on the construction site to facilitate the stacking of materials and the parking of mechanical equipment.

[0029] Build temporary facilities: Build temporary sheds to store construction materials and tools to prevent them from getting damp and damaged. Set up temporary water and electricity facilities to ensure a stable water and electricity supply during the construction process.

[0030] Measurement and layout: Use measuring tools such as levels and total stations to measure and layout according to the design drawings to determine the positions of the fixing frames, formwork, and joints between the new and old concrete structures. Set up obvious measurement marks at the construction site to facilitate inspection and adjustment during the construction process.

[0031] 2. Fixing frame installation and waterproof layer suspension Fixed frame construction The second block 2 is firmly connected to the upper wall by expansion bolts or welding. If expansion bolts are used, the specifications and quantity of the bolts should be determined according to the material and bearing capacity of the upper wall to ensure a firm and reliable connection. When welding, the welding quality should be guaranteed, and the weld should be uniform and full without defects such as false welding and leaking welding.

[0032] Arrange the first block 1 and the second block 2 in an L shape and connect them through diagonal rods. The diagonal rods are connected to the first block 1 and the second block 2 by welding or high-strength bolts. When welding, pay attention to the welding angle and welding quality to ensure that the supporting function of the diagonal rod is effective. If high-strength bolts are used for connection, tighten them according to the specified torque to ensure the strength of the connection.

[0033] A spring is installed at the hinge between the protruding block at the lower end of the first block 1 and the third block 3. The installation of the spring must ensure that it can expand and contract normally to provide appropriate pressure for clamping the waterproof membrane 4.

[0034] Waterproof layer suspension Unfold the waterproof coiled material 4 with concave and convex points so that its upper end is aligned with the clamping position between the friction block at the lower end of the first block 1 and the third block 3 .

[0035] The position of the waterproof membrane 4 is adjusted so that the concave and convex points of the waterproof layer are evenly distributed to ensure that the contact area between the waterproof layer and the concrete is maximized.

[0036] The upper end of the waterproofing membrane 4 is firmly clamped between the friction lines on the friction block and the anti-friction lines on the third block 3. Check the firmness of the clamping to ensure that the waterproofing membrane 4 will not shift during the subsequent construction process.

[0037] 3. Concrete pouring Template Installation According to the size and shape of the concrete structure, choose the appropriate formwork material, such as wooden formwork or steel formwork. The formwork should be tightly spliced, and the gaps should be sealed with sealing strips or tape to prevent concrete leakage.

[0038] Install the template on the inner side of the fixing frame, close to the space surrounded by the fixing frame. Use water stop bolts to fix the template on the fixing frame. The spacing of the water stop bolts should be determined according to the size of the template and the lateral pressure of the concrete, generally 30-50 cm. Rubber water stop pads should be installed at the part where the water stop bolts pass through the template to enhance the water stop effect.

[0039] Concrete pouring operation Concrete is delivered to the fixed frame by a concrete delivery pump. During the delivery process, attention should be paid to controlling the slump of the concrete, which is generally controlled between 120-160 mm to ensure the fluidity and pumpability of the concrete.

[0040] Pour the concrete in layers from one end to the other, with each layer thickness controlled at 30-50 cm. Use a vibrator to vibrate each layer of concrete. The vibrator should be inserted 5-10 cm into the lower concrete layer to ensure that the upper and lower concrete layers are tightly combined. The vibration time should be appropriate, generally when there are no more bubbles or slurry on the concrete surface, to avoid over-vibration or missed vibration.

[0041] During the vibration process, be careful to avoid the vibrating rod directly touching the waterproof membrane 4 and the template to prevent damage to them. If the waterproof membrane 4 or the template is found to be displaced or damaged, the pouring should be stopped immediately and repaired before continuing the construction.

[0042] Concrete curing After the concrete is poured, cover the concrete surface with plastic film or wet straw mat for moisture preservation. The curing time is not less than 7 days. During the curing period, the humidity of the concrete surface should be checked regularly to keep it moist.

[0043] For large concrete structures, temperature monitoring is required to control the temperature difference between the concrete interior and the surface to not exceed 25°C to prevent cracks caused by excessive temperature difference. Temperature sensors can be buried inside the concrete to monitor temperature changes in real time and take corresponding cooling measures, such as burying cooling water pipes inside the concrete and passing cooling water for cooling.

[0044] 4. Treatment of joints between new and old concrete structures (if any) Slot opening On the cross section of the old concrete structure, a first notch 5 and a second notch 51 are opened in sequence along the extension direction using a cutting machine or other suitable tools. The depth of the notch is 1.5-2 times the diameter of the grouting pipe, and the width is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the grouting pipe. The inner wall of the notch should be flat and smooth, without loose concrete blocks and debris.

[0045] The distance between the first notch 5 and the second notch 51 is determined according to the actual construction situation, and is generally 20-50 cm, to ensure that the two layers of grouting barriers can effectively play a waterproof role.

[0046] Grouting pipe layout and fixing The full-section grouting pipe 6 is placed in the first notch 5, and the spring grouting pipe 61 is placed in the second notch 51. When placing the grouting pipe, ensure that its position is accurate and the pipe body has no bends or damages.

[0047] The grouting pipe is fixed to the old concrete structure using the buckle 7. The clamping portion of the buckle 7 will tightly clamp the grouting pipe, and the fastening portion will be firmly fixed to the old concrete structure to prevent the grouting pipe from shifting during subsequent construction.

[0048] Grouting Operation After the new concrete structure is formed and reaches a certain strength, the first grouting pipe is grouted. The grouting material can be cement slurry or chemical slurry, and the appropriate mix ratio is selected according to the actual situation. The grouting pressure should be controlled according to the type of grouting pipe, the characteristics of the concrete structure and the grouting process requirements, generally 0.3-0.5MPa.

[0049] After the first grouting pipe is grouted, the second grouting pipe is grouted after an interval of 24-48 hours (reasonably adjusted according to the initial setting time and final setting time of the grouting material). During the grouting process, the grouting situation should be closely observed. If leakage, pipe blockage, etc. are found, they should be dealt with in a timely manner.

[0050] Maintenance and sealing The second grouting pipe shall be maintained by spraying water to keep the concrete around the pipe moist. The maintenance time shall be no less than 7 days.

[0051] After the curing is completed, the second grouting pipe is sealed. Special sealing materials, such as sealant or expansion water stop strips, can be used to seal the port of the grouting pipe to prevent water from penetrating.

[0052] 5. Subsequent processing Formwork and fixture removal When the concrete reaches more than 70% of the design strength, remove the formwork and fixing frame. When removing, be careful to avoid damage to the concrete structure and waterproof membrane 4.

[0053] First remove the water stop bolts and remove the template from the fixing frame. Then, remove the various parts of the fixing frame and store them in order for next use.

[0054] Bolt hole sealing and waterproof coating application Use waterproof mortar to seal the circular hole through which the water stop bolt passes. Before sealing, clean the debris and dust in the bolt hole, then use a trowel to fill the waterproof mortar into the hole, compact it, and smooth it.

[0055] Add a layer of waterproof coating to the plugged area. Use a brush to evenly apply the waterproof coating to the bolt hole and surrounding areas. The coating thickness should meet the requirements of the product instructions, generally 1-2 mm. Ensure that the waterproof coating covers the entire area without any missing coating.

[0056] Quality inspection and acceptance The waterproof performance of concrete structures can be checked by water-tightness test or other testing methods. In the water-tightness test, the concrete structure is filled with water for a certain period of time (usually 24-48 hours) to observe whether there is leakage.

[0057] Check the combination of the waterproof layer and the concrete structure to see if there are any defects such as delamination and hollowing. Check the grouting effect at the joints of the new and old concrete structures. The density and waterproof performance of the grouting can be tested by drilling and coring.

[0058] Any problems found during the inspection shall be rectified in a timely manner. After the rectification is completed, another inspection shall be carried out until the quality acceptance standards are met.

[0059] Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0060] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0061] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for waterproofing a concrete structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Build a fixing frame with a special structure, the fixing frame includes a first block and a second block connected to each other in an L shape, the second block is connected to the upper wall, the lower end of the first block is hinged to the third block through a protrusion block and a spring is provided between the two, and a friction block is also provided at the lower end of the first block, and the friction pattern and the anti-friction pattern on the friction block and the third block are used to clamp the waterproof layer with concave and convex points; Step 2: Fill the fixed frame with concrete so that the concrete and the waterproof layer are constructed simultaneously and in close contact; Step 3: Use the formwork to seal the concrete structure, fix the formwork with water stop bolts, remove the formwork and water stop bolts after the concrete is dry, and seal the bolt holes with waterproof mortar, and then add a layer of waterproof coating; Step 4: For the joints between the new and old concrete structures, a first notch and a second notch are opened in sequence along the extension direction on the section of the old concrete structure, and a full-section grouting pipe and a spring grouting pipe are arranged respectively, and the grouting pipes are fastened with fixings; Step 5: Forming a new concrete structure. After the new concrete structure is formed, grouting is first performed on the first grouting pipe, and then grouting is performed on the second grouting pipe after a preset time interval; Step six: Maintain the second grouting pipe and seal it after maintenance.

2. A concrete structure waterproofing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first block and the second block are connected by an inclined rod support to enhance the stability of the fixing frame, and the angle between the inclined rod and the first block and the second block is in the range of 45°-60°.

3. A concrete structure waterproofing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring grouting pipe is made of stainless steel, and the chromium content of the stainless steel is not less than 18% to prevent corrosion and extend the service life of the grouting pipe.

4. A method for waterproofing a concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clip comprises a clamping part and a fastening part, wherein the clamping part is used to clamp the grouting pipe, and the fastening part is used to fix the clip on the old concrete structure to ensure that the grouting pipe is firmly positioned during the construction process.

5. A method for waterproofing a concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: After grouting the first grouting pipe, grouting is performed on the second grouting pipe at an interval of 24-48 hours. The preset time is reasonably adjusted according to the initial setting time and final setting time of the grouting material to ensure that the two layers of grouting form an effective waterproof barrier.

6. A method for waterproofing a concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the waterproof layer with concave and convex points, the height of the convex points is 5-10 mm, the depth of the concave points is 3-7 mm, and the concave and convex points are evenly distributed to increase the bonding area and friction with the concrete and improve the waterproof effect.

7. A method for waterproofing a concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: When sealing bolt holes with waterproof mortar, the mass ratio of the waterproof mortar is cement: sand: water = 1:2: (0.5-0.6), and an appropriate amount of waterproofing agent is added to enhance the waterproof performance.

8. A method for waterproofing a concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: When curing the second grouting pipe, water spray curing is adopted, and the curing time is not less than 7 days. During the curing period, the concrete surface is kept moist to ensure the strength increase and stable waterproof performance of the concrete around the grouting pipe.

9. A method for waterproofing a concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the first notch and the second notch is 1.5-2 times of the diameter of the grouting pipe, and the width is 1.2-1.5 times of the diameter of the grouting pipe. The inner wall of the notch should be flat and smooth to ensure that the grouting pipe is installed tightly and the grouting effect is good.

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