Axial compression test tool and axial compression test method for composite skirt
By designing composite material wrapping test tooling, including support base plate, support seat, transfer mechanism and auxiliary positioning mechanism, the problem of composite material skirt being instable due to pressure load during flight is solved, and the effect of quickly verifying its strength and stiffness performance is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510153512.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-23
AI Technical Summary
Composite skirts are prone to instability due to pressure loads during flight, and it is difficult for the prior art to effectively detect their strength and stiffness properties.
A composite material wrapping shaft compression test tooling is designed, including a support base plate, a support seat, a transfer mechanism and an auxiliary positioning mechanism. The tooling is used to conduct a shaft compression experiment to detect the strain displacement and other data of the skirt structure.
The tooling is simple in structure and has little processing difficulty. It is suitable for composite skirts of various sizes. It can quickly verify its performance indicators such as strength and stiffness to ensure reasonable design.
Smart Images
Figure CN120028131A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aerospace technology, and in particular relates to an axial compression test tool and an axial compression test method for a composite material skirt. Background Art
[0002] The composite shell of a solid rocket engine is generally composed of a front / rear joint, a front / rear skirt, a winding layer, and an insulation structure. The front / rear skirt mainly plays a connecting role in the missile structure components and is usually subjected to tensile and compressive loads during flight. According to the structural characteristics of the skirt, the skirt can withstand high tensile loads, but large compressive loads can easily cause the skirt structure to become unstable. Therefore, during the development of new models, whether the design of the skirt structure can meet the strength requirements, it is necessary to conduct axial compression tests on the skirt parts to detect data such as skirt strain displacement, and then verify the rationality of the design. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite material skirt axial compression test tool and an axial compression test method to assess whether the skirt structure can meet the requirements.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: a composite skirt axial compression test tool, comprising:
[0005] Support base plate;
[0006] A support seat, detachably arranged on the top of the support base plate, and used for bearing the connecting skirt;
[0007] A transfer mechanism, disposed on the support seat, and used for transferring the axial compression test tooling;
[0008] The auxiliary positioning mechanism is arranged on the supporting base plate, and the auxiliary positioning mechanism is located around the outer side of the supporting seat. The auxiliary positioning mechanism is used to fix the connecting skirts of different sizes.
[0009] A composite material skirt axial compression test fixture based on the present invention, the auxiliary positioning mechanism includes a plurality of first fixing seats, the first fixing seat is fixedly connected to the top end of the support base plate, the plurality of first fixing seats are circumferentially arranged at equal intervals on the outside of the support seat, a gap is left between the first fixing seat and the outer wall of the support seat, a second fixing seat is provided on the side of the first fixing seat away from the support seat, a gap is left between the second fixing seat and the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat is fixedly connected to the top end of the support base plate, an adjusting rod is rotatably connected between the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat, a handle is fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting rod away from the support seat, an auxiliary positioning part is threadedly connected to the adjusting rod, the auxiliary positioning part is located between the first fixing seat and the second fixing seat and the bottom end is in sliding contact with the top end of the support base plate.
[0010] According to a composite material skirt axial compression test fixture of the present invention, the auxiliary positioning part includes a sliding seat, the sliding seat is threadedly connected to the adjusting rod, the sliding seat is located between the first fixed seat and the second fixed seat and the bottom end is in sliding contact with the top of the supporting base plate, the top of the sliding seat is fixedly connected to a push rod, and the end of the push rod close to the supporting seat is fixedly connected to a push ball.
[0011] According to the composite material skirt axial compression test fixture of the present invention, the transfer mechanism includes a plurality of lifting ears, the lifting ears are fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the support seat, and the plurality of lifting ears are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer side wall of the support seat.
[0012] According to the composite material skirt axial compression test fixture of the present invention, a receiving groove is provided on the top of the support seat, and the connecting skirt is placed in the receiving groove.
[0013] According to the composite material skirt axial compression test fixture of the present invention, a positioning protrusion is fixedly connected to the top of the support base plate, a positioning groove is opened at the bottom end of the support seat, and the positioning protrusion is matched with the positioning groove.
[0014] According to a composite material skirt axial compression test fixture of the present invention, a plurality of bolt holes are provided on the top of the support base plate, a plurality of mounting holes are provided on the support seat, the bolt holes correspond to the mounting holes one by one, and the mounting holes are detachably connected to the bolt holes through connecting bolts.
[0015] An axial compression test method of a composite material skirt axial compression test tool comprises the following steps:
[0016] Prepare to connect the skirt;
[0017] Prepare the test fixture, install the support base on the support base plate, and then place it on the press;
[0018] Place the connecting skirt on the support seat and secure it;
[0019] The side wall of the connecting skirt is fixed by an auxiliary positioning mechanism;
[0020] Arrange strain gauges and displacement sensors on the connecting skirt;
[0021] Applying a loading force to the connecting skirt by means of a press;
[0022] After the test is completed, the connecting skirt is inspected.
[0023] Based on the axial compression test method of the composite material skirt axial compression test tooling of the present invention, when a loading force is applied to the connecting skirt by a press, a load of 50KN is taken as zero load, and the load is loaded stepwise to 20% of the test load in increments of 100KN, and each step of increase is maintained for 3-5 seconds, unloaded and reset, and whether the strain and load transmission system is normal; the zero load is reset, and the load is loaded stepwise to 100% of the test load in increments of 100KN, and each step of increase is maintained for 3-5 seconds, and unloaded and reset; the zero load is reset, and the load is loaded stepwise to 200% of the test load in increments of 100KN, and each step of increase is maintained for 3-5 seconds, and unloaded and reset.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
[0025] The axial compression test tooling of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to process and form; the axial compression test tooling is easy to assemble and disassemble, and does not have too many complex parts; the design of the auxiliary positioning mechanism ensures that the test tooling of the present invention can be applied to composite material skirts of various sizes; the axial compression test method of the present invention has strong operability and can quickly verify the performance indicators such as the strength and stiffness of the composite material skirt. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work:
[0027] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the support base plate and the support seat of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting base plate of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the support base of the present invention;
[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of connecting skirts of different sizes according to the present invention.
[0032] Among them, 1. support base plate; 2. support seat; 3. lifting ear; 4. first fixed seat; 5. second fixed seat; 6. adjustment rod; 7. handle; 8. slide seat; 9. push rod; 10. push ball; 11. connecting skirt; 12. receiving groove; 13. positioning convex; 14. bolt hole; 15. positioning groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a composite skirt axial compression test tool, comprising
[0036] Supporting base plate 1;
[0037] A support seat 2, which is detachably arranged on the top of the support base plate 1, and is used to carry the connecting skirt 11;
[0038] A transfer mechanism, arranged on the support seat 2, and used for transferring the axial compression test tooling;
[0039] The auxiliary positioning mechanism is arranged on the supporting base plate 1 and is located around the outer side of the supporting seat 2. The auxiliary positioning mechanism is used to fix the connecting skirts 11 of different sizes.
[0040] The support base 1 is used to support the support base 2 to prevent the support base 2 from sliding during the test.
[0041] Furthermore, the auxiliary positioning mechanism includes a plurality of first fixed seats 4, which are fixedly connected to the top of the supporting base plate 1, and the plurality of first fixed seats 4 are circumferentially arranged at equal intervals on the outside of the supporting base 2, with a gap left between the first fixed seat 4 and the outer wall of the supporting base 2, and a second fixed seat 5 is arranged on the side of the first fixed seat 4 away from the supporting base 2, with a gap left between the second fixed seat 5 and the first fixed seat 4 and fixedly connected to the top of the supporting base plate 1, an adjusting rod 6 is rotatably connected between the first fixed seat 4 and the second fixed seat 5, and a handle 7 is fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting rod 6 away from the supporting base 2, and an auxiliary positioning portion is threadedly connected to the adjusting rod 6, and the auxiliary positioning portion is located between the first fixed seat 4 and the second fixed seat 5 and the bottom end of the auxiliary positioning portion is in sliding contact with the top of the supporting base plate 1.
[0042] Furthermore, the auxiliary positioning part includes a slide seat 8, which is threadedly connected to the adjusting rod 6. The slide seat 8 is located between the first fixed seat 4 and the second fixed seat 5 and the bottom end is in sliding contact with the top of the supporting base plate 1. The top of the slide seat 8 is fixedly connected to a push rod 9, and the end of the push rod 9 close to the supporting seat 2 is fixedly connected to a top ball 10.
[0043] Furthermore, the transfer mechanism includes a plurality of lifting ears 3 , which are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support seat 2 , and the plurality of lifting ears 3 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the support seat 2 .
[0044] The support seat 2 is made of metal material, and the lifting lug 3 is used to transport the axial compression test fixture.
[0045] Furthermore, a receiving groove 12 is provided at the top of the support seat 2 , and the connecting skirt 11 is placed in the receiving groove 12 .
[0046] Furthermore, a positioning protrusion 13 is fixedly connected to the top end of the support base plate 1 , and a positioning groove 15 is formed at the bottom end of the support seat 2 , and the positioning protrusion 13 is matched with the positioning groove 15 .
[0047] Furthermore, a plurality of bolt holes 14 are provided at the top of the support base plate 1 , and a plurality of mounting holes are provided on the support seat 2 . The bolt holes 14 correspond to the mounting holes one by one, and the mounting holes are detachably connected to the bolt holes 14 through connecting bolts.
[0048] An axial compression test method of a composite material skirt axial compression test tool comprises the following steps:
[0049] Prepare the connecting skirt 11;
[0050] The connecting skirt 11 test piece is formed by paving carbon fiber prepreg and curing it in an autoclave process. It is in the shape of a ring with an inward flange at one end of the ring (called the skirt end face). After curing, it is processed to the theoretical size using CNC equipment.
[0051] Prepare the test fixture, install the support base 2 on the support base plate 1, and then place it on the press;
[0052] The support base 2 and the support bottom plate 1 are placed on the lower platform of the press.
[0053] Place the connecting skirt 11 on the supporting base 2 and fix it;
[0054] The connecting skirt 11 is installed and placed in the receiving groove 12 of the support seat 2, and then the gap between the connecting skirt 11 and the receiving groove 12 is filled with normal temperature resin and cured at room temperature. After the curing is completed, the end surface of the connecting skirt 11 is ensured to be parallel to the upper platform of the press.
[0055] The side wall of the connecting skirt 11 is fixed by an auxiliary positioning mechanism;
[0056] The position of the top ball 10 is adjusted according to the diameter of the connecting skirt 11. During adjustment, the adjusting rod 6 is rotated by the handle 7. The adjusting rod 6 drives the slide 8 and the top rod 9 to move toward the connecting skirt 11 until all the top balls 10 are supported on the outer wall of the connecting skirt 11.
[0057] Arrange strain gauges and displacement sensors on the connecting skirt 11;
[0058] The strain gauges are arranged in mirror symmetry on the inner and outer sides of the side wall of the connecting skirt 11, with 4 pairs on the inner and outer sides, evenly distributed in the 4 quadrants of the connecting skirt 11 (one pair of strain gauges every 90°), for a total of 8 pairs of strain gauges. In the axial direction, the strain gauges are located in the middle of the column section where the thickness of the connecting skirt 11 is 15mm. A displacement sensor is arranged between every two pairs of strain gauges, located on the outer side of the side wall of the connecting skirt 11 (to measure the circumferential displacement) and the upper surface (to measure the axial displacement), for a total of 8 pairs.
[0059] Applying a loading force to the connecting skirt 11 by a press;
[0060] The upper platform of the test press is controlled to move axially, and the press load is applied to the end surface of the connecting skirt 11. During the test, the load is ensured to be the axial load of the connecting skirt 11.
[0061] After the test is completed, the connecting skirt 11 is inspected.
[0062] After the test is completed, check whether the test piece is damaged or destroyed, and perform non-destructive testing or dissect the test piece according to the on-site conditions.
[0063] Furthermore, when a loading force is applied to the connecting skirt 11 by a press, a load of 50KN is taken as zero load, and the load is loaded stepwise to 20% of the test load in increments of 100KN. After each step of increase is completed, it is kept for 3-5 seconds, unloaded and reset, and the strain and load transmission system is checked to be normal; the zero load is reset, and the load is loaded stepwise to 100% of the test load in increments of 100KN. After each step of increase is completed, it is kept for 3-5 seconds, unloaded and reset; the zero load is reset, and the load is loaded stepwise to 200% of the test load in increments of 100KN. After each step of increase is completed, it is kept for 3-5 seconds, unloaded and reset.
[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0065] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite material skirt axial compression test tool, characterized in that: include Supporting base plate (1); A support seat (2) is detachably arranged on the top of the support base plate (1), and the support seat (2) is used to carry the connecting skirt (11); A transfer mechanism, arranged on the support seat (2), the transfer mechanism being used to transfer the axial compression test tooling; An auxiliary positioning mechanism is arranged on the supporting base plate (1), the auxiliary positioning mechanism is located around the outer side of the supporting seat (2), and the auxiliary positioning mechanism is used to fix the connecting skirts (11) of different sizes.
2. A composite material skirt axial compression test fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary positioning mechanism comprises a plurality of first fixing seats (4), the first fixing seats (4) being fixedly connected to the top end of the supporting base plate (1), the plurality of first fixing seats (4) being arranged at equal intervals on the outer side of the supporting base plate (2) in the circumferential direction, a gap being left between the first fixing seat (4) and the outer side wall of the supporting base plate (2), a second fixing seat (5) being arranged on the side of the first fixing seat (4) away from the supporting base plate (2), a gap being left between the second fixing seat (5) and the first fixing seat (4) and being fixedly connected to the top end of the supporting base plate (1), an adjusting rod (6) being rotatably connected between the first fixing seat (4) and the second fixing seat (5), a handle (7) being fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting rod (6) away from the supporting base plate (2), an auxiliary positioning portion being threadedly connected to the adjusting rod (6), the auxiliary positioning portion being located between the first fixing seat (4) and the second fixing seat (5) and the bottom end of which is in sliding contact with the top end of the supporting base plate (1).
3. A composite material skirt axial compression test fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary positioning portion comprises a sliding seat (8), the sliding seat (8) being threadedly connected to the adjusting rod (6), the sliding seat (8) being located between the first fixing seat (4) and the second fixing seat (5), and the bottom end of the sliding seat (8) being in sliding contact with the top end of the supporting base plate (1), the top end of the sliding seat (8) being fixedly connected to a push rod (9), and the end of the push rod (9) close to the supporting seat (2) being fixedly connected to a push ball (10).
4. The composite material skirt axial compression test fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transfer mechanism comprises a plurality of lifting ears (3), wherein the lifting ears (3) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support seat (2), and the plurality of lifting ears (3) are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the outer wall of the support seat (2).
5. The composite material skirt axial compression test fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the support seat (2) is provided with a receiving groove (12), and the connecting skirt (11) is placed in the receiving groove (12).
6. The composite material skirt axial compression test fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the support base plate (1) is fixedly connected with a positioning protrusion (13), the bottom end of the support seat (2) is provided with a positioning groove (15), and the positioning protrusion (13) is adapted to the positioning groove (15).
7. The composite material skirt axial compression test fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the support base plate (1) is provided with a plurality of bolt holes (14), and the support seat (2) is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, the bolt holes (14) correspond to the mounting holes one by one, and the mounting holes are detachably connected to the bolt holes (14) via connecting bolts.
8. An axial compression test method of a composite material skirt axial compression test tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Prepare a connecting skirt (11); Prepare the test tooling, install the support base (2) on the support base plate (1), and then place it on the press; Place the connecting skirt (11) on the supporting base (2) and fix it; The side wall of the connecting skirt (11) is fixed by an auxiliary positioning mechanism; Arranging strain gauges and displacement sensors on the connecting skirt (11); Applying a loading force to the connecting skirt (11) by means of a press; After the test is completed, the connecting skirt (11) is inspected.
9. The axial compression test method of the composite material skirt axial compression test tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: When a loading force is applied to the connecting skirt (11) by a press, a load of 50 KN is taken as zero load, and the load is loaded stepwise to 20% of the test load in increments of 100 KN. After each step of increase is completed, the load is kept for 3-5 seconds, and the load is unloaded and reset to zero, and the strain and load transmission system is checked to be normal; the zero load is reset, and the load is loaded stepwise to 100% of the test load in increments of 100 KN. After each step of increase is completed, the load is kept for 3-5 seconds, and the load is unloaded and reset to zero; the zero load is reset, and the load is loaded stepwise to 200% of the test load in increments of 100 KN. After each step of increase is completed, the load is kept for 3-5 seconds, and the load is unloaded and reset to zero.