Ecological cultivation method for fruit tomatoes

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological cultivation method for fruit tomatoes. The ecological cultivation method for the fruit tomatoes comprises the following steps of seed selection, disinfection, seedling raising, soil preparation, bedding and field planting, water management, fertilization management, plant adjustment, pollination management, pest control, harvesting and packaging. The self-made organic ecological fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer of crops, the cost is saved, the environmental protection concept of waste utilization is met, scientific water management and fertilization management are adopted in the whole growth period of the fruit tomatoes, slow-acting fertilizer and short-acting fertilizer are matched with each other, sufficient nutrients are supplemented for the fruit tomatoes in the growth period, and the yield of the fruits is increased. And crop nutrition imbalance caused by excessive fertilization is avoided, so that the cultivated fruit tomatoes have the advantages of good taste, high yield and strong tomato flavor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to an ecological cultivation method for fruit tomatoes. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the social and economic level in China, the general public has paid increasing attention to diet health. Fruit tomatoes are a cultivated variety of the tomato genus, annual or perennial trailing herbs, containing various vitamin substances, minerals, carbohydrates, and organic acid substances, which can promote human digestion and eliminate blood clots. In addition, due to their light weight, good storability, and convenience for carrying and eating, fruit tomatoes can be used as both vegetables and fruits, and are a good choice for modern people's meal preparation.

[0003] At present, in the cultivation technology of fruit tomatoes, due to continuous cropping for years, various pathogenic bacteria have accumulated in the soil, resulting in the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles, seriously affecting the yield and also reducing the quality. Moreover, due to spraying pesticides to kill insects, there is also a problem of pesticide residue in fruit tomatoes. In addition, the existing fruit tomato planting technology not only increases the production cost due to long-term single and excessive application of chemical fertilizers, but also leads to soil acidification and salinization, reduction of organic matter content, attenuation of soil fertility and trace elements, soil erosion and compaction, which not only affects the growth, yield and quality of crops, but also destroys the ecological environment and does not conform to the national environmental protection concept. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem that the existing planting method of fruit tomatoes conflicts with ecological environment protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological cultivation method for fruit tomatoes. The fruit tomatoes planted by this method have the advantages of good taste, high yield, strong tomato flavor, and no pesticide residue, and do not damage the ecological environment during the planting process.

[0005] An ecological cultivation method for fruit tomatoes includes the following steps: S1: Seed Selection Select high-quality fruit tomato varieties suitable for greenhouse planting, which have the advantages of strong stress resistance and strong resistance to diseases and pests; S2: Disinfection Select a greenhouse that has not planted solanaceous plants, disinfect the soil in the greenhouse, the fruit tomato seeds in step S1, and the air in the greenhouse. The air disinfection of the greenhouse is carried out by the method of high-temperature soil steaming; S3: Seedling Raising Fill the disinfected special seedling-raising substrate into the seedling-raising tray and level it. Let the seedling-raising trays overlap and press out a central concave hole. Sow the disinfected fruit tomato seeds flat in the central concave hole, with one seed sown in each hole. After sowing, evenly cover a 0.5 - 1.0 cm thick substrate, and move the tray to the seedbed for management; S4: Land preparation, bed formation, and planting Deeply plow the land in the greenhouse to a depth of 20 - 35 cm. Use organic ecological fertilizer as the base fertilizer and spread it on the soil at a rate of 180 - 200 kg / mu. After plowing and harrowing the land, open planting grooves according to the row spacing, make high beds with a width of 1.2 - 1.5 m and a plant spacing of 45 - 55 cm. Plant 1600 - 2000 plants per mu and select strong and healthy seedlings for planting; S5: Water management Immediately water the plants with root - fixing water after planting. Strictly control the soil moisture and the air humidity in the greenhouse throughout the growth period. Keep the relative soil humidity between 20 - 30%; S6: Fertilization management After the fruit - type tomato seedlings are successfully planted and survive, use the method of top - dressing by flushing with water and foliar spraying of fertilizers; S7: Plant adjustment When the fruit - type tomato grows to a height of 30 - 40 cm, set up a support net or hanging vine ropes, lead and tie the vines, prune the plants, keep 1 - 2 lateral branches under the first inflorescence of the main branch, and promptly remove the remaining lateral branches; S8: Pollination management Once the fruit - type tomato enters the flowering stage, use artificial pollination technology to pollinate from 9:00 to 15:00 on sunny days; S9: Pest and disease control Hang yellow sticky insect boards in the greenhouse, set up insect - proof nets at the ventilation openings, and prepare a sugar - vinegar trapping solution for pest and disease control. The sugar - vinegar trapping solution is prepared by mixing white wine, water, sugar, vinegar, and baking soda in a ratio of 1:10:6:3:1; S10: Harvesting and packaging One week after the fruit - type tomato bears fruit, pick it when the fruit skin turns red. The harvesting tools should be clean, hygienic, and pollution - free. When harvesting, pick the fruits gently to avoid fruit damage and keep the integrity of the fruit sepals. After harvesting, clean, grade, and package the fruits in a timely manner to avoid secondary pollution during packaging and transportation.

[0006] Furthermore, the disinfection of the planting soil and fruit - type tomato seeds in step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S2.1: Mix crushed rice straw and calcium cyanamide evenly at a ratio of 10:1, spread the mixture on the soil surface, control the application rate at 335 kg / mu, and use a rotary tiller to till the soil 2 - 3 times to make the mixture fully mixed with the soil; S2.2: Ridging the planting soil, covering it with plastic film, filling the ditch with water, sealing the planting greenhouse for 20 - 30 days; S2.3: Soak the fruit tomato seeds in sterile water at 45 - 55°C for 10 - 20 minutes. Take out the seeds and pretreat them with 75% ethanol for 20 seconds, then soak the seeds in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 15 - 20 minutes to obtain disinfected fruit tomato seeds.

[0007] Further, the seedbed management in step S3 is divided into three steps. First, keep the moisture and temperature before emergence, control the temperature at 23 - 25°C. Second, after emergence, raise the temperature to about 28°C, and spray a 0.05 - 0.1% balanced water-soluble fertilizer every 5 - 7 days. Third, 35 - 40 days after emergence, dilute 66.5% propamocarb hydrochloride by 500 times and spray it on the seedlings.

[0008] Further, drip irrigation technology is adopted for water management in step S5, and the drip tube flow rate is 1 L / h. Specifically, within one week after transplantation, drip 6 - 8 times a day, each time for about 30 minutes, from 6:00 to 18:00, drip once every about 2 hours, and drip once after 22:00; during the period from one week after transplantation to the flowering and fruiting stage, drip 6 times a day, each time for about 20 - 30 minutes; during the period from flowering and fruiting to pulling out the plants, drip 4 - 6 times a day, each time for about 20 - 30 minutes; during the fruit swelling stage, drip 1 - 2 times a day, each time for about 20 - 30 minutes; no water is dripped during the harvesting period.

[0009] Further, fertilization management is carried out in step S6, specifically including: from the survival of seedling transplantation to the setting of the first cluster of flowers, mix the water-soluble fertilizer of macronutrients diluted 800 - 1000 times with the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280 - 350 times to obtain mixed fertilizer I, and apply mixed fertilizer I by drip irrigation, once every 5 - 7 days; from the survival of seedling transplantation to before flowering, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280 - 350 times with the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 800 - 1000 times to obtain mixed fertilizer II, and spray mixed fertilizer II once every 7 - 10 days; from flowering to the green ripening stage, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280 - 350 times, the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 800 - 1000 times, the trace elements diluted 1800 - 2000 times, and the calcium and boron fertilizer diluted 1400 - 1600 times to obtain mixed fertilizer III, and spray mixed fertilizer III once every 7 - 10 days; when the second cluster of fruits begins to swell, mix the water-soluble fertilizer of macronutrients diluted 1000 - 1500 times, potassium nitrate diluted 1500 - 3000 times, and the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280 - 350 times to obtain mixed fertilizer IV, and apply mixed fertilizer IV by drip irrigation once every 3 - 5 days; from fruit color turning to the mature stage, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280 - 350 times, Guoranbao diluted 400 - 500 times, the trace elements diluted 1800 - 2200 times, and the calcium and boron fertilizer diluted 1400 - 1600 times to obtain mixed fertilizer V, and spray mixed fertilizer V once every 10 - 14 days.

[0010] Further, for seed selection in step S1, if the planting time is early in spring or late in autumn for cultivation, early-maturing varieties should be selected; if the planting time is for normal-season cultivation, late-maturing varieties should be selected.

[0011] Further, for the organic ecological fertilizer in step S4, the preparation method includes: first mixing 10 - 35 parts by mass of shredded agricultural waste, 5 - 10 parts by mass of human and animal manure, 3 - 5 parts by mass of kitchen waste, and 1 - 3 parts by mass of microbial inoculum, fermenting them into fertilizer, and then uniformly mixing the fermented fertilizer with 5 - 10 parts by mass of trace elements, 25 - 40 parts by mass of granular sediment, and 15 - 30 parts by mass of biomass-based porous carbon to obtain the organic ecological fertilizer.

[0012] Further, for water management in step S5, in case of cloudy days or continuous rainy days, drip irrigation should be carried out once every two days, with each time lasting about 20 - 30 minutes.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. For the ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes in the present invention, by using the self-made organic ecological fertilizer as the base fertilizer for crops and adopting scientific water management and fertilization management during the entire growth period of fruit tomatoes, it not only supplements sufficient nutrients for the fruit tomatoes during the growth period but also avoids crop nutritional disorders caused by excessive fertilization, making the cultivated fruit tomatoes have the advantages of good taste, high yield, and strong tomato flavor.

[0014] 2. For the ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes in the present invention, by applying thin fertilizers frequently during the seedling stage, the fruit tomato seedlings can grow more robustly. By spraying the seedlings with propamocarb hydrochloride, the occurrence of damping-off and rhizoctonia blight in the seedling stage of the seedlings can be avoided.

[0015] 3. For the ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes in the present invention, by adopting drip irrigation technology for water management, firstly, the water content of the soil can be more precisely controlled, enabling the crops to maintain a good growth state and achieving the effect of increasing production. Secondly, it avoids excessive humidity in the greenhouse, which affects the growth of the crops. Thirdly, it can save water resources and is suitable for growing fruit tomatoes in areas with scarce water resources.

[0016] 4. For the ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes in the present invention, through scientific fertilization management according to the different fertilizers required at each growth stage of the crops, the amount of fertilizer used is appropriate, the proportion is proper, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. It not only makes the crops grow better and have higher yields but also curbs soil pollution and maintains ecological balance.

[0017] 5. The ecological cultivation method of the fruit tomatoes of the present invention controls pests and diseases through physical means, without using chemical pesticides during the growth period of the crops, and has the advantages of not polluting the environment, being safe for the crops, being safe for humans, livestock and food, and saving costs for farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the ecological cultivation method of the fruit tomatoes adopted in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a data graph of the quality indexes of the fruit tomatoes adopted in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The following further describes the present invention in detail with specific embodiments.

[0021] Embodiment 1 An ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes, as Figure 1 shown, includes the following steps: S1: Seed selection Select high-quality fruit tomato varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation, which have the advantages of strong stress resistance and strong pest and disease resistance. If the planting time is in early spring or late autumn cultivation, early-maturing varieties should be selected. If the planting time is in normal season cultivation, late-maturing varieties should be selected; S2: Disinfection Mix crushed rice straw and calcium cyanamide evenly at a ratio of 10:1, sprinkle the mixture on the soil surface, control the dosage at 335 kg / mu, till the soil with a rotary tiller for 3 times to make the mixture fully mixed with the soil, ridging the planting soil, covering with plastic film, irrigating in the ditch, sealing the planting greenhouse for 25 days, soak the fruit tomato seeds with sterile water at 50 °C for 15 min, fish out the seeds and pretreat them with 75% ethanol for 20 s, then soak the seeds with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 16 min to obtain disinfected fruit tomato seeds, and disinfect the air in the greenhouse by the method of high-temperature soil steaming; S3: Seedling raising After filling the seedling trays for special use in seedling raising with disinfected substrate and leveling it, stack the seedling trays and press them to form a central concave cavity. Sow the disinfected fruit tomato seeds flat in the central concave cavity, with one seed sown in each cavity. After sowing, evenly cover a 0.7-cm-thick layer of substrate. Move the seedling trays to the seedbed for management. The seedbed management is divided into three steps. First, keep the moisture and temperature before emergence, and control the temperature at 24 °C. Second, raise the temperature to about 28 °C after emergence, and spray a 0.45% balanced water-soluble fertilizer every 7 days. Third, 35 days after emergence, dilute 66.5% propamocarb hydrochloride 500 times and spray it on the seedlings. By applying thin fertilizers frequently during the seedling raising period, the fruit tomato seedlings can grow stronger. By spraying the seedlings with propamocarb hydrochloride, the seedlings can be prevented from suffering from damping-off and Rhizoctonia solani in the seedling stage; S4: Land preparation, bed making, and planting Deeply plow the land in the greenhouse to a depth of 28 cm, and use organic ecological fertilizer as the base fertilizer. The preparation method of the organic ecological fertilizer includes: first, mix 30 parts by mass of crushed agricultural waste, 10 parts by mass of human and animal manure, 5 parts by mass of kitchen waste, and 3 parts by mass of microbial inoculant, and make the fertilizer through composting. Then, mix the composted fertilizer evenly with 6 parts by mass of trace elements, 25 parts by mass of granular sediment, and 25 parts by mass of biomass-based porous carbon to obtain the organic ecological fertilizer. Spread it on the soil at 180 kg per mu. After plowing and harrowing the land, open planting furrows according to the row spacing, make high beds, with a bed width of 1.2 m and a plant spacing of 55 cm. The number of plants planted per mu is between 1,800. Select strong and healthy seedlings for planting; S5: Water management Immediately pour root-fixing water after planting. During the entire growth period, strictly control the soil moisture and the air humidity in the greenhouse. The relative soil humidity is maintained between 23%. The water management adopts drip irrigation technology, with a drip tube flow rate of 1 L / h. Within one week after planting, drip 7 times a day, each time for about 30 minutes, from 6:00 to 18:00, drip once every about 2 hours, and drip once after 22:00. From one week after planting to the flowering and fruiting period, drip 6 times a day, each time for about 25 minutes. From the flowering and fruiting period to the end of pulling the vines, drip 5 times a day, each time for about 25 minutes. During the fruit swelling period, drip once a day, each time for about 20 minutes. In case of cloudy days or continuous rainy days, it can be dripped once every 2 days, each time for about 25 minutes. Do not drip water during the harvesting period. By adopting drip irrigation technology for water management, first, the soil water content can be controlled more precisely, enabling the crops to maintain a good growth state and achieving the effect of increasing production. Second, it can avoid excessive humidity in the greenhouse, which affects the growth of crops. Third, it can save water resources and is suitable for planting fruit tomatoes in areas with scarce water resources; S6: Fertilization management After the seedlings are planted and survive until the first cluster of flowers set fruit, mix the water-soluble fertilizer with a large amount of elements diluted 850 times and the carbon source fertilizer diluted 300 times evenly to obtain the mixed fertilizer I. Use drip irrigation technology to apply the mixed fertilizer I by flushing, once every 6 days. From the time of seedling survival to before flowering, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 300 times and the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 900 times evenly to obtain the mixed fertilizer II. Spray the mixed fertilizer II once every 8 days. From flowering to the green-ripe stage, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 320 times, the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 800 times, the trace elements diluted 1800 times, and the calcium-boron fertilizer diluted 1400 times evenly to obtain the mixed fertilizer III. Spray the mixed fertilizer III once every 8 days. When the second cluster of fruits begins to swell, mix the water-soluble fertilizer with a large amount of elements diluted 1200 times, potassium nitrate diluted 1800 times, and the carbon source fertilizer diluted 300 times evenly to obtain the mixed fertilizer IV. Apply the mixed fertilizer IV by flushing once every 3 days. From fruit color change to the mature stage, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 300 times, Guoranbao diluted 450 times, the trace elements diluted 2000 times, and the calcium-boron fertilizer diluted 1500 times evenly to obtain the mixed fertilizer V. Spray the mixed fertilizer V once every 12 days. Through scientific fertilization management according to the different nutrients required at each growth stage of the crop, the amount of fertilizer used is appropriate, the ratio is proper, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. This not only makes the crop grow better and have higher yields, but also curbs soil pollution and maintains ecological balance; S7: Plant adjustment When the fruit tomato grows to a plant height of 35 cm, set up a support net or hanging vine ropes, lead and tie the vines, prune the plants, keep 2 lateral branches under the first cluster of flowers on the main branch, and promptly remove the remaining lateral branches; S8: Pollination management Once the fruit tomato enters the flowering stage, use artificial pollination technology to pollinate between 9:00 and 15:00 on sunny days; S9: Pest and disease control Hang yellow sticky traps in the greenhouse, set up insect-proof nets at the ventilation openings, and configure a sugar-vinegar trapping solution for pest and disease control. The sugar-vinegar trapping solution is prepared according to the ratio of 1:10:6:3:1 of white wine, water, sugar, vinegar, and baking soda. Conduct pest and disease control through physical means, and do not use chemical pesticides during the growth period of the crop. It has the advantages of not polluting the environment, being safe for the crop, safe for humans and livestock, and safe for food, saving costs for the farmers; S10: Harvesting and packaging One week after the fruit tomato bears fruit, pick it when the skin of the fruit shows red. The harvesting tools should be clean, hygienic, and pollution-free. When harvesting, pick it gently to avoid damaging the fruit, and keep the integrity of the fruit sepals. After harvesting, it should be promptly cleaned, graded, and packaged to avoid secondary pollution during packaging and transportation.

[0022] Through the steps of the ecological cultivation method of the above-mentioned fruit tomatoes, the index data of the obtained fruit tomatoes are as Figure 2 shown.

[0023] Example 2 An ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes, as Figure 1 shown, includes the following steps: S1: Seed selection Select high-quality fruit tomato varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation, which have the advantages of strong stress resistance and strong resistance to diseases and pests. If the planting time is in early spring or late autumn, early-maturing varieties should be selected. If the planting time is for normal-season cultivation, late-maturing varieties should be selected; S2: Disinfection Mix crushed rice straw and calcium cyanamide evenly at a ratio of 10:1, spread the mixture on the soil surface, control the dosage at 335 kg / mu, rototill the soil 3 times with a rotary tiller to make the mixture fully mixed with the soil, ridge the planting soil, cover it with plastic film, irrigate the ditch, seal the planting greenhouse for 25 days, soak the fruit tomato seeds with sterile water at 50 °C for 15 minutes, take out the seeds and pretreat them with 75% ethanol for 20 seconds, then soak the seeds with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 16 minutes to obtain disinfected fruit tomato seeds. The air in the greenhouse is disinfected by the method of high-temperature soil steaming; S3: Seedling raising Fill the disinfected special seedling-raising substrate into the seedling tray and level it. Let the seedling trays overlap and press out a central concave hole. Sow the disinfected fruit tomato seeds flat in the central concave hole, sowing one seed in each hole. After sowing, evenly cover a 0.7 cm thick substrate. Move the seedling tray to the seedbed for management. The seedbed management is divided into three steps. The first step is to keep the humidity and temperature before emergence, control the temperature at 24 °C. The second step is to raise the temperature to about 28 °C after emergence, and spray a 0.45% balanced water-soluble fertilizer every 7 days. The third step is to spray the seedlings with 66.5% propamocarb hydrochloride diluted 500 times 35 days after emergence. By applying thin fertilizers frequently during the seedling-raising period, the fruit tomato seedlings can grow stronger. By spraying the seedlings with propamocarb hydrochloride, the seedlings can be prevented from suffering from damping-off and damping-off during the seedling stage; S4: Land preparation, bed making, and planting Deep plow the land in the greenhouse to a depth of 28 cm, and use organic ecological fertilizer as the base fertilizer. The preparation method of the organic ecological fertilizer includes: first, mix 30 kg of crushed agricultural waste, 10 kg of human and animal manure, 5 kg of kitchen waste and 3 kg of microbial inoculant, and make the fertilizer through composting. Then, mix the composted fertilizer evenly with 6 kg of trace elements, 25 kg of granular sediment and 25 kg of biomass-based porous carbon to obtain the organic ecological fertilizer, and spread it on the soil at 180 kg / mu. After the land is plowed and harrowed, open planting grooves according to the row spacing, make high ridges, the ridge width is 1.2 m, the plant spacing is 55 cm, and the number of plants per mu is between 1800. Select strong and healthy seedlings for planting; S5: Water management Immediately water the root-fixing water after planting. During the whole growth period, strictly control the soil moisture and the air humidity in the greenhouse. The relative soil humidity is maintained between 23%. The water management adopts drip irrigation technology, and the drip irrigation flow rate is 1 L / h. Within one week after planting, drip 7 times a day, each time for about 30 minutes, from 6:00 to 18:00, drip once every 2 hours or so, and drip once after 22:00. From one week after planting to the flowering and fruiting period, drip 6 times a day, each time for about 25 minutes. From the flowering and fruiting period to the pulling of the vines, drip 5 times a day, each time for about 25 minutes. During the fruit swelling period, drip once a day, each time for about 20 minutes. In case of cloudy days or continuous rainy days, it can be dripped once every 2 days, each time for about 25 minutes. No water is dripped during the harvesting period. By adopting drip irrigation technology for water management, first, the soil moisture content can be controlled more precisely, enabling the crops to maintain a good growth state and achieving the effect of increasing production. Second, it can avoid excessive humidity in the greenhouse, which affects the growth of the crops. Third, it can save water resources and is suitable for the cultivation of fruit tomatoes in areas with scarce water resources; S6: Fertilization management After the seedlings are successfully planted and until the first cluster of flowers set fruit, mix the water-soluble fertilizer with macronutrients diluted 900 times and the carbon source fertilizer diluted 320 times evenly to obtain Mixed Fertilizer I. Apply Mixed Fertilizer I by drip irrigation, once every 6 days. From the time of successful seedling establishment until before flowering, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280 times and the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 1000 times evenly to obtain Mixed Fertilizer II. Spray Mixed Fertilizer II once every 8 days. From flowering to the green-ripe stage, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 300 times, the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 900 times, the micronutrients diluted 2000 times, and the calcium-boron fertilizer diluted 1500 times evenly to obtain Mixed Fertilizer III. Spray Mixed Fertilizer III once every 8 days. When the second cluster of fruits begins to swell, mix the water-soluble fertilizer with macronutrients diluted 1500 times, potassium nitrate diluted 2500 times, and the carbon source fertilizer diluted 300 times evenly to obtain Mixed Fertilizer IV. Apply Mixed Fertilizer IV by drip irrigation once every 3 days. From fruit color change to the mature stage, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 350 times, Guoranbao diluted 400 times, the micronutrients diluted 2200 times, and the calcium-boron fertilizer diluted 1500 times evenly to obtain Mixed Fertilizer V. Spray Mixed Fertilizer V once every 12 days. Through scientific fertilization management according to the different nutrient requirements at each growth stage of the crop, the amount of fertilizer used is appropriate, the proportion is proper, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved. This not only makes the crop grow better and have higher yields, but also curbs soil pollution and maintains ecological balance; S7: Plant adjustment When the fruit tomato grows to a plant height of 35 cm, set up a support net or hanging vine ropes, lead and tie the vines, prune the plants, keep 2 lateral branches under the first cluster of flowers on the main branch, and promptly remove the remaining lateral branches; S8: Pollination management Once the fruit tomato enters the flowering stage, use artificial pollination technology to pollinate between 9:00 and 15:00 on sunny days; S9: Pest and disease control Hang yellow sticky insect boards in the greenhouse, set up insect-proof nets at the ventilation openings, and prepare a sugar-vinegar trapping solution for pest and disease control. The sugar-vinegar trapping solution is prepared according to the ratio of 1:10:6:3:1 of white wine, water, sugar, vinegar, and baking soda. Conduct pest and disease control by physical means and do not use chemical pesticides during the growth period of the crop. It has the advantages of not polluting the environment, being safe for the crop, being safe for humans and livestock, and being safe for food, saving costs for the farmers; S10: Harvesting and packaging One week after the fruit tomato bears fruit, pick it when the fruit skin shows red. The harvesting tools should be clean, hygienic, and pollution-free. When harvesting, pick it gently to avoid fruit damage, and keep the integrity of the fruit sepals. After harvesting, it should be promptly cleaned, graded, and packaged to avoid secondary pollution during packaging and transportation.

[0024] Through the steps of the ecological cultivation method of the above-mentioned fruit tomatoes, the index data of the obtained fruit tomatoes are as Figure 2 shown.

[0025] Example 3 An ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes, as Figure 1 shown, includes the following steps: S1: Seed selection Select high-quality fruit tomato varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation, which have the advantages of strong stress resistance and strong resistance to diseases and pests. If the planting time is in early spring or late autumn cultivation, early-maturing varieties should be selected; if the planting time is in the normal season cultivation, late-maturing varieties should be selected. S2: Disinfection Mix crushed rice straw and calcium cyanamide evenly at a ratio of 10:1, spread the mixture on the soil surface, control the application rate at 335 kg / mu, rototill the soil 3 times with a rotary tiller to make the mixture fully mixed with the soil, ridging the planting soil, covering it with plastic film, irrigating the ditch, sealing the planting greenhouse for 25 days, soaking the fruit tomato seeds with sterile water at 50 °C for 15 min, fishing out the seeds and pretreating them with 75% ethanol for 20 s, then soaking the seeds with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 16 min to obtain disinfected fruit tomato seeds. The air disinfection of the greenhouse is carried out by the method of high-temperature soil steaming. S3: Seedling raising Fill the disinfected special seedling-raising substrate into the seedling tray and level it. Let the seedling trays overlap and press out the central concave holes. Sow the disinfected fruit tomato seeds flat in the central concave holes, sowing one seed in each hole. After sowing, evenly cover a 0.7 cm thick substrate, and move the seedling tray to the seedbed for management. The seedbed management is divided into three steps. The first step is to keep the humidity and temperature before emergence, control the temperature at 24 °C. The second step is to raise the temperature to about 28 °C after emergence, and spray a 0.45% balanced water-soluble fertilizer every 7 days. The third step is to spray the seedlings with 66.5% propamocarb hydrochloride diluted 500 times 35 days after emergence. By applying thin fertilizers frequently during the seedling-raising period, the fruit tomato seedlings can grow stronger. By spraying the seedlings with propamocarb hydrochloride, the seedlings can be prevented from suffering from damping-off and Rhizoctonia solani in the seedling stage. S4: Land preparation, bed making, and planting Deep plow the land in the greenhouse to a depth of 28 cm, and use organic ecological fertilizer as the base fertilizer. The preparation method of the organic ecological fertilizer includes: first, mix 30 kg of shredded agricultural waste, 10 kg of human and animal manure, 5 kg of kitchen waste, and 3 kg of microbial inoculant, and make the fertilizer through composting. Then, mix the composted fertilizer evenly with 6 kg of trace elements, 25 kg of granular sediment, and 25 kg of biomass-based porous carbon to obtain the organic ecological fertilizer, and spread it on the soil at 180 kg / mu. After plowing and harrowing the land, open planting grooves according to the row spacing, make high ridges, the ridge width is 1.2 m, the plant spacing is 55 cm, and the number of plants planted per mu is between 1800. Select strong and healthy seedlings for planting; S5: Water management Immediately water the fixed root water after planting. During the entire growth period, strictly control the soil moisture and the air humidity in the greenhouse. The relative soil humidity is maintained between 23%. The water management adopts drip irrigation technology, and the drip irrigation flow rate is 1 L / h. Within one week after planting, drip 7 times a day, each time for about 30 minutes, from 6:00 to 18:00, drip once every 2 hours or so, and drip once after 22:00. From one week after planting to the flowering and fruiting period, drip 6 times a day, each time for about 25 minutes. From the flowering and fruiting period to the pulling of the vines, drip 5 times a day, each time for about 25 minutes. During the fruit swelling period, drip once a day, each time for about 20 minutes. In case of cloudy days or continuous rainy days, drip once every 2 days, each time for about 25 minutes. During the harvesting period, do not drip water. By adopting drip irrigation technology for water management, first, the soil moisture content can be controlled more precisely, allowing the crops to maintain a good growth state and achieving the effect of increasing production. Second, it can avoid excessive humidity in the greenhouse, which affects the growth of the crops. Third, it can save water resources and is suitable for planting fruit tomatoes in areas with scarce water resources; S6: Fertilization management After the seedlings are successfully planted and until the first cluster of flowers sets fruit, mix the water-soluble fertilizer with macro-elements diluted 1000 times and the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280 times evenly to obtain mixed fertilizer I. Apply the mixed fertilizer I by drip irrigation technology, and apply it once every 6 days. From the successful planting of the seedlings to before flowering, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 320 times and the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 800 times evenly to obtain mixed fertilizer II. Spray the mixed fertilizer II once every 8 days. From flowering to the green-ripe stage, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 290 times, the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 950 times, the trace elements diluted 1900 times, and the calcium-boron fertilizer diluted 1550 times evenly to obtain mixed fertilizer III. Spray the mixed fertilizer III once every 8 days. When the second cluster of fruits begins to swell, mix the water-soluble fertilizer with macro-elements diluted 1100 times, potassium nitrate diluted 2400 times, and the carbon source fertilizer diluted 340 times evenly to obtain mixed fertilizer IV. Apply the mixed fertilizer IV once every 3 days. From the fruit color change to the mature stage, mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 330 times, Guoranbao diluted 420 times, the trace elements diluted 2000 times, and the calcium-boron fertilizer diluted 1600 times evenly to obtain mixed fertilizer V. Spray the mixed fertilizer V once every 12 days. Through scientific fertilization management according to the different nutrients required at each growth stage of the crop, the amount of fertilizer used is appropriate, the ratio is proper, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. This not only makes the crop grow better and have a higher yield, but also curbs soil pollution and maintains ecological balance; S7: Plant adjustment When the fruit tomato grows to a plant height of 35 cm, set up a support net or hanging vine rope, lead and tie the vines, prune the plants, keep 2 lateral branches under the first cluster of flowers on the main branch, and promptly remove the remaining lateral branches; S8: Pollination management Once the fruit tomato enters the flowering stage, use artificial pollination technology to pollinate at 9:00 - 15:00 on sunny days; S9: Pest and disease control Hang yellow sticky insect boards in the greenhouse, set up insect-proof nets at the ventilation openings, and prepare a sugar-vinegar trapping solution for pest and disease control. The sugar-vinegar trapping solution is prepared according to the ratio of 1:10:6:3:1 of white wine, water, sugar, vinegar, and baking soda. Control pests and diseases by physical means, and do not use chemical pesticides during the growth period of the crop. It has the advantages of not polluting the environment, being safe for the crop, being safe for humans and livestock, and being safe for food, saving costs for the farmers; S10: Harvesting and packaging One week after the fruit tomato bears fruit, pick it when the epidermis of the fruit shows red. The harvesting tools should be clean, hygienic, and pollution-free. When harvesting, pick it gently to avoid damaging the fruit, and keep the integrity of the fruit calyx. After harvesting, it should be promptly cleaned, graded, and packaged to avoid secondary pollution during the packaging and transportation process.

[0026] Through the steps of the ecological cultivation method of the above fruit tomatoes, the index data of the obtained fruit tomatoes are as Figure 2 shown.

[0027] The above embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical idea disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological cultivation method for fruit tomatoes, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Seed selection Choose high-quality fruit tomato varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation, which have the advantages of strong resistance to stress and strong resistance to diseases and pests; S2: Disinfection A greenhouse where no Solanaceae plants have been planted is selected, and the soil of the greenhouse, the fruit tomato seeds in step S1, and the air in the greenhouse are disinfected. The air in the greenhouse is disinfected by a high-temperature stuffy greenhouse method; S3: Seedling cultivation Fill the seedling tray with the sterilized seedling-specific matrix and scrape it flat. Let the seedling tray overlap and press out the center hole. Sow the sterilized fruit tomato seeds flat in the center hole. Sow one seed in each hole. After sowing, evenly cover the matrix with a thickness of 0.5-1.0cm. Move the tray to the seedbed for management. S4: Land preparation, ridge making, and planting The greenhouse land is plowed deeply to 20-35cm, and organic ecological fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 180-200kg / mu is spread on the soil. After the land is plowed and harrowed, furrows are dug according to the row spacing, and high ridges are made. The ridge width is 1.2-1.5m, and the plant spacing is 45-55cm. Between 1600-2000 plants are planted per mu, and strong seedlings are selected for planting; S5: Moisture Management After planting, water the roots in time. During the entire growing period, the moisture in the soil and the air humidity in the greenhouse must be strictly controlled, and the relative humidity of the soil should be maintained between 20-30%; S6: Fertilization management After the fruit tomato seedlings are planted and survive, they are fertilized with water and sprayed with fertilizer on the leaves; S7: Plant Adjustment When the fruit tomatoes grow to a height of 30-40cm, set up a support net or vine hanging rope, guide and tie the vines, and prune the plants, leaving 1-2 side branches below the first spike of flowers on the main branch, and remove the rest of the side branches in time; S8: Pollination Management Once fruit tomatoes enter the flowering period, they are pollinated using artificial pollination technology between 9:00 and 15:00 on a sunny day; S9: Pest and disease control Hang yellow sticky insect boards in the greenhouse, set up insect-proof nets at the vents, and prepare sweet and sour trapping liquid to prevent and control pests and diseases. The sweet and sour trapping liquid is prepared with white wine, water, sugar, vinegar and baking soda in a ratio of 1:10:6:3:1; S10: Harvesting and packaging Fruit tomatoes should be picked one week after fruiting when the skin of the fruit turns red. The harvesting tools should be clean, hygienic and pollution-free. The fruits should be picked and placed gently to avoid damage to the fruit, and the integrity of the sepals should be preserved. After harvesting, they should be cleaned, graded and packaged in time to avoid secondary contamination during packaging and transportation.

2. The ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection of the planting soil and fruit tomato seeds in step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S2.1: Mix chopped rice straw and lime nitrogen in a ratio of 10:1, spread the mixture on the soil surface, control the dosage to 335 kg / mu, and use a rotary tillage plow to till the soil 2-3 times to ensure that the mixture is fully mixed with the soil; S2.2: Ridge the planting soil, cover it with mulch, irrigate the furrows, and seal the planting greenhouse for 20-30 days; S2.3: Soak the fruit tomato seeds in sterile water at 45-55°C for 10-20 minutes, remove the seeds and pre-treat them with 75% ethanol for 20 seconds, then soak the seeds in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 15-20 minutes to obtain sterilized fruit tomato seeds.

3. The ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedbed management in step S3 is divided into three steps. The first step is to keep the seeds moist and warm before germination, and control the temperature at 23-25°C. The second step is to increase the temperature to about 28°C after germination, and spray 0.05-0.1% balanced water-soluble fertilizer every 5-7 days. The third step is to spray the seedlings with 66.5% cymoxanil hydrochloride diluted 500 times after germination 35-40 days later.

4. The ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water management in step S5 adopts drip irrigation technology, and the drip flow rate is 1L / h, which specifically includes: within one week after transplanting, dripping 6-8 times a day, each time for about 30 minutes, from 6:00-18:00, dripping once every 2 hours, and dripping once after 22:00; from one week after transplanting to the flowering and fruiting period, dripping 6 times a day, each time for about 20-30 minutes; from flowering and fruiting to pulling the seedlings, dripping 4-6 times a day, each time for about 20-30 minutes; dripping 1-2 times a day during the fruit swelling period, each time for about 20-30 minutes; no dripping during the harvest period.

5. The ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 is fertilization management, which specifically includes: from the time when the seedlings are planted and survived to the time when the first ear of flowers and fruits are set, evenly mix the water-soluble fertilizer of a large number of elements diluted 800-1000 times with the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280-350 times to obtain mixed fertilizer I, and use drip irrigation technology to flush the mixed fertilizer I once every 5-7 days; from the time when the seedlings are planted and survived to the time when the first ear of flowers and fruits are set, evenly mix the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280-350 times with the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 800-1000 times to obtain mixed fertilizer II, and spray the mixed fertilizer II once every 7-10 days; from the time when the seedlings are planted and survived to the time when the first ear of flowers and fruits are set, evenly mix the water-soluble fertilizer of a large number of elements diluted 800-1000 times with the carbon source fertilizer diluted 280-350 times, the coenzyme nutrient solution diluted 800-1000 times, and the trace elements diluted 1800-2000 times Mix evenly with calcium and boron fertilizer diluted 1400-1600 times to obtain mixed fertilizer III, and spray mixed fertilizer III once every 7-10 days; when the second ear of fruit is swelling, mix evenly with a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer diluted 1000-1500 times, potassium nitrate diluted 1500-3000 times and carbon source fertilizer diluted 280-350 times to obtain mixed fertilizer IV, and apply mixed fertilizer IV once every 3-5 days; when the fruit changes color to maturity, mix evenly with carbon source fertilizer diluted 280-350 times, Guoranbao diluted 400-500 times, trace elements diluted 1800-2200 times and calcium and boron fertilizer diluted 1400-1600 times to obtain mixed fertilizer V, and spray mixed fertilizer V every 10-14 days.

6. The ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the seed selection in step S1, if the planting time is early in spring or late in autumn, early-maturing varieties should be selected; if the planting time is normal season cultivation, late-maturing varieties should be selected.

7. The ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the organic ecological fertilizer in step S4 includes: firstly mixing 10-35 parts by mass of crushed agricultural waste, 5-10 parts by mass of human and animal feces, 3-5 parts by mass of kitchen waste and 1-3 parts by mass of microbial agents, and making fertilizer through composting, and then uniformly mixing the composted fertilizer with 5-10 parts by mass of trace elements, 25-40 parts by mass of granular sediment and 15-30 parts by mass of biomass-based porous carbon to obtain organic ecological fertilizer.

8. The ecological cultivation method of fruit tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture management in step S5 is performed once every two days if it is cloudy or rainy, and each time the dripping lasts about 20-30 minutes.

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