Comprehensive evaluation and application of microplastic toxicity relieving effect of corn seedlings

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive evaluation method and application of a corn seedling microplastic toxicity relieving effect. According to the method, a biological concept of a relative remission effect index and an absolute remission intensity coefficient of a single character of a corn seedling under polystyrene (PS) micro-plastic poisoning by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with nano-zinc oxide (ZnONPs) / single-layer graphene (GO) solution with different concentrations is used as an evaluation index; the comprehensive relieving effect and the comprehensive relieving strength of the PS micro-plastic toxicity of the corn seedlings growing for 7 days or 21 days by soaking the seeds with ZnONPs / GO solutions with different concentrations or spraying leaves are scientifically, objectively, accurately and comprehensively evaluated, and through comprehensive comparison, a scientific and efficient application method for treating and relieving the PS micro-plastic toxicity of the corn seedlings by soaking the seeds with ZnONPs / GO or spraying the leaves is provided. The method is simple and easy to operate, small in ZnONPs / GO dosage, economical, practical, free of environment pollution, good in comprehensive relieving effect on microplastic poison of corn seedlings and huge in application potential in green, efficient and clean production of corn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the application field of high-efficiency and safe production of corn under the exposure environment of microplastics (MPs). Specifically, it relates to a comprehensive evaluation method for the alleviating effect of polystyrene (PS) microplastics on corn seedlings, and an application method for alleviating the toxicity of PS microplastics on corn seedlings by using zinc oxide nanoparticales (ZnONPs) and graphene oxide (GO). Background Art

[0002] Since the first artificial synthesis of phenolic plastics (PF) in 1909, due to its many excellent properties such as light weight, low cost, practicality, strong plasticity, and easy processing, it has been widely used in various fields of agriculture, food packaging, medical and health, and industrial production. By the early 1940s, the production and use of plastic products began to increase rapidly, and various types and functions of plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) gradually developed. According to the statistics of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP; https: / / www.unep.org / ), the cumulative total production of global plastic products from 1950 to 2017 was 9.2 billion tons, and it is expected to reach 33 billion tons by 2050 (Nong Daiqian et al., 2024). Usually, most of these plastic products are not recycled after use and are directly discharged into the environment to form plastic waste. Under the action of light, ultraviolet radiation, weathering erosion, mechanical wear, animals, and microorganisms for a long time, they will gradually decompose into microplastics (MPs) with particles less than 5 mm (Thompson et al., 2004). Soil is the main enrichment source of microplastics (Geyer et al., 2017). The increase in the concentration of microplastics in soil will not only significantly increase the pH value, ammonium nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon content of the soil, reduce the nitrate nitrogen content of the soil (Gao et al., 2021), and thus change the structure and physical and chemical properties of the soil, but microplastics will also affect the structure and function of the microbial community (Aralappanavar et al., 2024). At the same time, microplastics will also significantly inhibit the germination of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds, the growth of seedlings, and the accumulation of biomass (Liu Xiaohong et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2020), reduce the germination rate and bud height of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (Boots et al., 2019), and also have adverse effects such as toxic effects on onion (Allium cepa L.) cells, thus posing a serious threat to the ecosystem.

[0003] Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for crop growth and development. Although the demand is extremely small, Zn deficiency in crops is a global problem. Even the "hidden hunger" caused by Zn deficiency in humans accounts for one-third of the global population, seriously affecting human health (Mcclung 2019). Zn in crops mainly acts as a metal activator for various enzymes and plays an important role in the biosynthesis and catabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and auxins, thereby affecting the stress resistance and growth and development of crops. When the soil Zn content is <20 mg Kg -1 it is considered Zn-deficient. Although traditional Zn fertilizers can supplement Zn for crop growth by root or foliar application, applying Zn through the roots of these traditional Zn fertilizers will cause a large amount of Zn loss, and the utilization efficiency of Zn by crops during foliar application is low and may cause adverse reactions such as leaf burns.

[0004] Nanomaterials / particles (NPs) refer to ultrafine particles with solid particle sizes as small as the nanometer scale (1 - 100 nm) and materials with crystal sizes as small as the nanometer scale (1 - 100 nm) with special properties. In the agricultural field, NPs can improve the efficacy of agricultural inputs through targeted delivery, controlled release, enhanced solubility, and adhesion, thereby achieving the improvement of soil quality and the enhancement of crop resistance, and ultimately stimulating crop growth and increasing agricultural productivity (Raza et al. 2023). In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have become the most effective alternative to traditional Zn fertilizers and have been widely used in the stress-resistant and efficient production of various crops. For example, Guo et al. (2024) found that under heatwave stress, after foliar application of 100 mg L -1 of ZnONPs, the yield, protein content, and the contents of nutrients such as amino acids in rice ( Oryza sativa L . ) increased by 22.1%, 11.8%, and 77.5% respectively. Ghani et al. (2022) reported that applying 100 mg L -1 of ZnONPs could alleviate the drought stress damage of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings by promoting the antioxidant defense system and the accumulation of osmolytes. Hussain et al. (2024) showed that applying 25 mg L -1The ZnONPs can improve the toxic effect of cadmium stress on maize plants by regulating primary metabolites and antioxidant activities. In addition, graphene oxide (GO), known as "black gold", is a new type of nanomaterial that is currently the thinnest, strongest, and has the best electrical and thermal conductivity. In the field of agricultural applications, Yan et al. (2024) revealed through research that soaking peanut ( -1 ) seeds with 400 mg L Arachis hypogaea of GO can significantly increase the seed germination rate. Applying GO at the seedling stage can alleviate the NaCl stress damage of peanut seedlings by enhancing photosynthesis, maintaining plasma membrane integrity, promoting nutrient accumulation, etc. Xue et al. (2020) found that adding 7.5 mg L -1 of GO can improve the survival rate and rooting rate of Populus tremula (Populus tremula L.) under NaCl stress, but the roots produced are thinner, weaker, and shorter. However, there have been no reports on the research and application of these nanomaterials in alleviating crop microplastics. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The applicant has found in the same-day application for "Comprehensive Evaluation of the Toxicity Resistance of Maize Seedlings to Microplastics and Methods for Identifying Maize Genotypes Resistant to Microplastic Toxicity" that PS microplastics at a concentration of 0.50% (mass ratio of polystyrene (PS) microplastics to cultivation substrate mass) have the most severe toxicity to maize seedlings grown for 7 days and 21 days. Based on this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a comprehensive evaluation method for the alleviating effect of polystyrene (PS) microplastic toxicity on maize seedlings. That is, the present invention systematically studies the effects of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on the growth and development, leaf chlorophyll accumulation, and 12 root traits of maize seedlings grown for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics. Furthermore, from the perspectives of the aboveground and underground growth, biomass accumulation and other phenotypes, leaf chlorophyll accumulation, and root activity physiological metabolism at multiple growth stages of maize seedlings, the present invention comprehensively and systematically reveals the alleviating mechanism of ZnONPs / GO on maize seedlings under PS microplastic toxicity, which lays a theoretical basis for the scientific application of soaking seeds with ZnONPs / GO or spraying leaves to alleviate the toxic effect of PS microplastics on maize seedlings in the future. At the same time, in order to scientifically, objectively, simply, accurately, and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive alleviating effect / alleviating intensity of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on maize seedlings grown for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, the present invention also innovatively proposes the relative alleviating effect index (Relative mitigation effect index of ZnONPs / GO, RMEI ZnONPS and RMEI GO ) and the absolute alleviating intensity coefficient (absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of ZnONPS / GO, AMIC ZnONPs and AMIC GO ) of two biological concepts for individual traits of maize seedlings grown for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics with soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions. Their characteristics are that they comprehensively consider the effects of the control treatment, PS microplastic stress treatment, and the corresponding concentration of ZnONPs / GO solution soaking seeds or spraying leaves on each trait of maize seedlings at different growth stages, thereby effectively avoiding the influence of specific treatments on individual traits of maize seedlings, and scientifically, accurately, and simply quantifying the relative alleviating effect index or absolute alleviating intensity coefficient of each trait of maize seedlings at different growth stages under PS microplastic toxicity with soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions. On this basis, the present invention also uses RMEI Z n ONPS / RMEIGO and AMIC Z n ONP s / AMIC GO values were used as the comprehensive mitigation effect (CME ZnONPs and CME GO ) and the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CMI ZnONPs and CMI GO ) of soaking seeds with ZnONPs / GO solution at different concentrations or spraying leaves on maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics on the 7th or 21st day of cultivation. This provides a scientific evaluation method for the comprehensive effect of applying different substances to alleviate the toxicity of microplastics or other abiotic stresses on maize seedlings, and has great application potential. In addition, through comprehensive standard rubber analysis, the present invention also proposes an application method for soaking seeds with 75 μmol / L concentration ZnONPs solution or spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics on maize seedlings, and an application method for soaking seeds with 12.5 mg / L concentration GO solution or spraying leaves with 5.0 mg / L concentration GO solution to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics on maize seedlings. This provides an effective strategy for alleviating the toxicity of PS microplastics on maize seedlings in production, provides a technical reference for the comprehensive management of microplastics in farmland ecosystems, and thus ensures the safe production of maize seedlings under the environment of PS microplastic toxicity, while achieving the comprehensive management of microplastic pollution, with significant economic, ecological and economic benefits and great application value.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] 1. A comprehensive evaluation method for the mitigation effect of polystyrene microplastic toxicity on maize seedlings, the specific steps are as follows:

[0009] (1) Preparation of high-quality maize seeds: Prepare high-quality new maize genotype seeds with uniform size, plump grains, strong vitality and high purity harvested from the field in the current year for standby.

[0010] (2) Preparation of different types of solutions: Prepare a PS microplastic solution with a concentration of 0.50%, and a stock solution of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) with a concentration of 150 μmol / L. Then dilute it into 6 kinds of ZnONPs solutions with concentrations of 25 μmol / L, 50 μmol / L, 75 μmol / L, 100 μmol / L, 125 μmol / L, and 150 μmol / L. Add 0.50 g of PS microplastics to 100 mL of each corresponding concentration of ZnONPs solution for dissolution to obtain 6 kinds of PS and ZnONPs mixtures with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, and 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs, and prepare them freshly before use. In addition, prepare 6 kinds of graphene oxide (GO) solutions with concentrations of 2.5 mg / L, 5.0 mg / L, 7.5 mg / L, 10.0 mg / L, 12.5 mg / L, and 15.0 mg / L. Add 0.50 g of PS microplastics to 100 mL of each corresponding concentration of GO solution for dissolution to obtain 6 kinds of PS and GO mixtures with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, and 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO, and prepare them freshly before use.

[0011] (3) Experiment on soaking maize seeds with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of polystyrene (PS) microplastics to maize seedling growth for 7 days: Disinfect 10 min of the high-quality maize genotype seeds in step (1) with 70% ethanol (v / v), rinse the seeds 5 times with ddH 2 O water, and dry the water adhering to the seed surface with sterile filter paper to obtain the corresponding disinfected maize genotype seeds. Then soak the disinfected maize genotype seeds with 14 types of solutions including ddH 2 O water; 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution; 6 kinds of PS and ZnONPs mixtures; 6 kinds of PS and GO mixtures for 24 h. At the same time, prepare 2 kinds of soil culture substrates with different concentrations of PS microplastics, namely 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture substrate (that is, 0.00 g of PS microplastics is fully mixed with 300.00 g of nutrient soil and then 250 mL of ddH 2Soil culture substrate stirred evenly with water), 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate (i.e., 1.50 g of PS microplastic was fully mixed with 300.00 g of nutrient soil and then 250 mL of ddH 2 O water stirred evenly soil culture substrate). Then, 10 maize genotype seeds after soaking in each of these 14 types of solutions were sown into flower pots with the corresponding concentration of PS microplastic soil culture substrate and placed in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation. During the cultivation period, the relative humidity was set at 65%, the temperature was set at 25±0.5 / 20±0.5 °C for 12 h each in an alternating cycle, the photoperiod was set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity was set at 300 μM m -2 s -1 , CO 2 concentration of 450 PPM. In summary, there were a total of 14 treatments in the experiment, namely the CK control treatment (ddH 2O water soaking + 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS treatment (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium). Each treatment was set with 4 biological replicates. During the cultivation period, 50 mL of ddH was evenly watered into each flower pot every 3 days. 2For water, on the 7th day of cultivation, the seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), stem diameter (SD), root diameter (RD), total plant dry biomass (PDW), leaf chlorophyll SPAD value (SPAD), root activity (RV), and strong seedling index (SSI) of maize genotype seedlings under these 14 treatments were measured. The SSI was calculated according to formula (1): SSI = (SD / SL) × PDW (1). In the formula, SSI is the strong seedling index, SD is the stem diameter, SL is the seedling length, and PDW is the total plant dry biomass.

[0012] (4) Experiment on alleviating the toxicity of polystyrene (PS) microplastics to maize seedling growth by spraying different types of ZnO NPs / GO solutions on leaves for 21 days: The maize genotype seedlings at the 7th day of cultivation under the corresponding 14 treatments in step (3) were continuously cultivated in an artificial climate chamber under the same environment for 14 days. Every 2 days, 10 mL of each of the 14 types of solutions with corresponding concentrations was sprayed on the morning leaves of the maize genotype seedlings under the corresponding treatments, and a total of 7 times of leaf spraying were carried out. In total, there were 14 treatments in the experiment, namely CK control treatment (soaking seeds with ddH 2 O water + cultivating in a soil culture substrate with 0.00% PS microplastics + spraying seedlings with ddH 2 O water), 0.50% PS treatment (soaking seeds with a 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + cultivating in a soil culture substrate with 0.50% PS microplastics + spraying seedlings with ddH 2Treatment with water by spraying on the leaves of seedlings), treatment with 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 2.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 7.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 10.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), treatment with 0(Seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO solution + soil cultivation substrate of 0.50% PS microplastics + foliar spraying of seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO, soil cultivation substrate of 0.50% PS microplastics + foliar spraying of seedlings with 15.0 mg / L GO solution). Each treatment was set with 4 biological replicates. During the cultivation period, the relative humidity was set at 65%, the temperature was set at 25 ± 0.5 / 20 ± 0.5 °C for 12 h alternating cycles, the photoperiod was set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity was set at 300 μM m. -2 s -1 , CO 2 concentration of 450 PPM. During the cultivation period, every 3 days, 50 mL of ddH 2 O water was evenly poured into each flower pot. On the 21st day of seedling cultivation, 12 traits of maize genotype seedlings under these 14 treatments were measured.

[0013] (5) Statistical analysis of different experimental data: Using Excel software, the means and standard deviations of the 12 traits measured for maize genotype seedlings in the 7-day experiment of soaking maize seeds with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize seedling growth in step (3) and the 21-day experiment of spraying different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions on the leaves to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize seedling growth in step (4) were sorted out. Using IBM-SPSS Statistics 19 data statistical analysis software, a combined analysis of variance was performed on all traits in the 7-day experiment and 21-day experiment of soaking seeds and spraying leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize genotype seedling growth. Using the online GENESCLOUD software, correlation coefficient diagrams of the corresponding 12 traits in the 7-day experiment and 21-day experiment of soaking seeds and spraying leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize genotype seedling growth were drawn respectively. Using the IMLOG2 function, further IMLOG2 standardization processing was performed on the means of the corresponding 12 traits in the 7-day experiment and 21-day experiment of soaking seeds and spraying leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize genotype seedling growth. Using IBM-SPSS Statistics 16 data statistical analysis software, between-group clustering was performed among all treatments in the 7-day experiment and 21-day experiment of soaking seeds and spraying leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize genotype seedling growth, and the overall growth status of maize genotype seedlings among different treatments at different cultivation periods was evaluated, so as to scientifically and qualitatively identify the alleviation of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution soaking seeds or leaf spraying on maize genotype seedlings under PS microplastic toxicity at different cultivation periods.

[0014] (6) Relative mitigation effect index of maize seedlings' individual traits under the toxicity of 0.50% polystyrene (PS) microplastics after soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves: To more scientifically, objectively, and accurately measure the mitigation effect of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on the individual traits of maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, the present invention newly defines the relative mitigation effect index (RMEI ZnONPS and RMEI GO ). Formula (2): (2). Where is the relative mitigation effect index of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics after soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th or 21st day after soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics treatment, ∑T j / m is the average value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th or 21st day under m (m = 8) types of solution soaking seeds or leaf spraying treatments. Similarly, formula (3): and Where is the relative mitigation effect index of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics after soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th or 21st day after soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics treatment, ∑T j / n is the average value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th or 21st day under n (n = 8) types of solution soaking seeds or leaf spraying treatments. The larger the The larger the value, the stronger the alleviating effect of soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0015] (7) Absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of single traits of maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration polystyrene (PS) microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions: To more scientifically, simply and objectively evaluate the alleviating intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on single traits of maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, the present invention newly defines the absolute alleviation intensity coefficient (AMIC ZnONPs and AMIC GO ) of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on single traits of maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. Formula (4): In the formula is the absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics treatment, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the CK treatment. Similarly, formula (5): In the formula is the absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics treatment, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the CK treatment. The larger the value, the greater the alleviation intensity of soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. The larger the value, the greater the alleviation intensity of soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0016] (8) Comprehensive evaluation of the alleviation effect of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration polystyrene (PS) microplastics to maize seedlings: Further, the RMEI of 12 traits of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions obtained by soaking seeds or spraying leaves in step (6) ZnONPS and RMEI GO values are used as evaluation indicators for the alleviation effect of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. Using the membership function method, scientifically, objectively, comprehensively, and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive alleviation effect (CME ZnONPs and CME GO ) of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. Formula (6): In the formula: is the membership value of the alleviation effect of soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the relative alleviation effect index of soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, RMEI j-max is the maximum relative alleviation effect index, RMEI, of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solutions on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, j-min is the minimum relative alleviation effect index of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solutions on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. Formula (7): In the formula, CME i-ZnONPsThe comprehensive mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits. The membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. Formula (8): In the formula: The membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. The relative mitigation effect index of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, RMEI j-max The maximum relative mitigation effect index, RMEI, of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of GO solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. j-min The minimum relative mitigation effect index of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of GO solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. Formula (9): In the formula CME i-GO The comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits. The membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. CME i -ZnONPs The larger the value, the stronger the comprehensive mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0017] (9) Comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration polystyrene (PS) microplastics to maize seedlings: Further, the AMIC of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution obtained in step (7) on 12 traits of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. ZnONPSand AMIC GO The values were used as evaluation indicators for the alleviation intensity of maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves. The membership function method was used to comprehensively, systematically, objectively, and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive alleviation intensity (CMI ZnONPs and CMI GO ) of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves. Formula (10): In the formula: is the membership value of the alleviation intensity of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves, is the absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves, AMIC j-max is the maximum absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solutions, AMIC j-min is the minimum absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solutions. Formula (11): In the formula, CMI i-ZnONPs is the comprehensive alleviation intensity of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves, k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits, is the membership value of the alleviation intensity of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves. Formula (12): In the formula: is the membership value of the alleviation intensity of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves, is the absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves, AMIC j-maxThe maximum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient, AMIC, of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with GO solutions of all concentrations j-min The minimum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with GO solutions of all concentrations. Formula (13): In the formula, CMI i-GO is the comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, k (k = 1, 2) is the number of measured traits is the membership value of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. CMI i-ZnONPs The larger the value, the greater the comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. CMI i-GO The larger the value, the greater the comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0018] (10) Measurement of the optimal ZnONPs / GO solution concentration for the best mitigation effect / maximum mitigation intensity of maize seedlings poisoned by 0.50% concentration polystyrene (PS) microplastics: Further, by comparing the results of the between-group clustering evaluation of the growth status of maize genotype seedlings among all treatments in the 7-day growth experiment and 21-day growth experiment of soaking seeds and spraying leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to relieve the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize genotype seedlings in step (5), the comprehensive evaluation results of the mitigation effects of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to maize genotype seedlings in step (8), and the comprehensive evaluation results of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to maize genotype seedlings in step (9), comprehensively compare and analyze the mitigation effects of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to maize genotype seedlings at different cultivation periods, and finally determine the optimal seed soaking or leaf spraying ZnONPs / GO solution concentration for the best mitigation effect / maximum mitigation intensity of maize genotype seedlings poisoned by 0.50% concentration PS microplastics at different cultivation periods.

[0019] 2. Application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) at the nanoscale in alleviating the toxicity of microplastics (PS) to maize seedlings, specifically:

[0020] For maize seedlings suffering from PS toxicity on the 7th day, spray 10 mL of ZnONPs solution with a concentration of 75 μmol / L on the leaves every 2 days for 14 consecutive days, with a total of 7 sprays on the leaves, which can significantly reduce the toxicity of microplastics to maize seedlings.

[0021] Soak 40 high-quality genotype maize seeds disinfected with 70% ethanol (v / v) for 24 h in 100 mL of a mixed solution of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs. Then sow 10 corresponding maize genotype seeds after soaking in flower pots filled with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate and place them in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation. When the seedlings are cultivated for the 7th day, spray 10 mL of ZnONPs solution with a concentration of 75 μmol / L on the morning leaves of maize genotype seedlings growing in each flower pot every 2 days and continue to cultivate for 14 days, with a total of 7 sprays on the leaves. During the 21-day cultivation period, the relative humidity is set at 65%, the temperature is set at 25 ± 0.5 / 20 ± 0.5 °C for 12 h each in an alternating cycle, the photoperiod is set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity is set at 300 μM m -2 s -1 ,CO 2 concentration of 450 PPM; at the same time, evenly pour 50 mL of ddH 2 O water into each flower pot every 3 days. Then measure 12 traits of maize genotype seedlings at the 7th and 21st days of cultivation. The experiment is set with 4 biological replicates.

[0022] 3. Application of single-layer graphene oxide (GO) in alleviating the toxicity of microplastics to maize seedlings, specifically:

[0023] For maize seedlings suffering from PS toxicity, spray 1 mL of single-layer graphene oxide solution with a concentration of 5.0 mg / L on the leaves every 2 days for 14 consecutive days, with a total of 7 sprays on the leaves, which can significantly reduce the toxicity of microplastics to maize seedlings.

[0024] Soak 40 high-quality genotype maize seeds disinfected with 70% ethanol (v / v) for 24 h in 100 mL of a mixed solution of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO. Then sow 10 corresponding maize genotype seeds after soaking in flowerpots filled with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate and place them in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation. When the seedlings are cultivated for 7 days, spray 10 mL of GO solution with a concentration of 5.0 mg / L on the morning leaves of the maize genotype seedlings growing in each flowerpot every 2 days and continue cultivation for 14 days, with a total of 7 leaf sprays. During the 21-day cultivation period, the relative humidity is set at 65%, the temperature is set at 25 ± 0.5 / 20 ± 0.5 °C for 12 h each in an alternating cycle, the photoperiod is set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity is set at 300 μM m -2 s -1 , CO 2 concentration of 450 PPM; at the same time, evenly water each flowerpot with 50 mL of ddH 2 O water every 3 days. Then measure 12 traits of the maize genotype seedlings at 7 days and 21 days of cultivation. The experiment is set with 4 biological replicates.

[0025] Advantages of the present invention:

[0026] PS microplastics are one of the most important microplastic pollutions in the environment, and the application of nanomaterials is expected to become a new quality productivity in the agricultural field. Through systematic research on the effects of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on 12 traits such as the growth phenotype, leaf chlorophyll accumulation, and root activity of maize seedlings grown under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days, the present invention systematically reveals the mechanism of action of ZnONPs / GO in driving maize seedlings to overcome the toxicity of PS microplastics, and scientifically and innovatively proposes the relative mitigation effect index (RMEI ZnONPS and RMEI GO ) and the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient (AMIC ZnONPs and AMIC GO ) of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions soaking seeds or spraying leaves on single traits of maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, and uses them as evaluation indicators for the mitigation effect and mitigation intensity of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions soaking seeds or spraying leaves on maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. Using the membership function method, the comprehensive mitigation effect (CME) of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions soaking seeds or spraying leaves on maize seedlings cultivated for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics is scientifically, objectively, comprehensively, and quantitatively evaluated.ZnONPs and CME GO ) and the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CMI ZnONPs and CMI GO ), and through comprehensive comparison, an application method for soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the best concentration of ZnONPs / GO solution to relieve the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize seedlings was finally obtained. The present invention not only provides a scientific, objective and comprehensive evaluation method for the mitigation effect of PS microplastics on maize seedlings, but also provides an effective strategy for applying nano-ZnONPs / GO to relieve the toxicity of PS microplastics on maize seedlings in production. Its operation is simple and easy, with good repeatability, small dosage of nano-ZnONPs / GO, low cost, good mitigation effect of nano-ZnONPs / GO on the toxicity of PS microplastics on maize seedlings in production, and nano-ZnONPs / GO is effective for the environment, can effectively solve the microplastic pollution in farmland ecosystems, ensure national food security and many other beneficial effects, has great production application value, and will generate great ecological, social and economic benefits. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 Calculation formula (1) for the strong seedling index (SSI) of maize genotype seedlings, the relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the ith-ZnONPs concentration solution Calculation formula (2), the relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the ith-GO concentration solution Calculation formula (3), the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the ith-ZnONPs concentration solution Calculation formula (4), the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the ith-GO concentration solution Calculation formula (5), the membership value of the mitigation effect of the jth trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the ith-ZnONPs concentration solution Calculation formula (6), the comprehensive mitigation effect (CME) of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the ith-ZnONPs concentration solution i-ZnONPs)Calculation formula (7), the membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics Calculation formula (8), the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CME) of soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics i-GO )Calculation formula (9), the membership value of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics Calculation formula (10), the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CMI) of soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics i-ZnONPs )Calculation formula (11), the membership value of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics Calculation formula (12), the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CMI) of soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics i-GO )Calculation formula (13).

[0028] Figure 2 Growth status of seedlings in the experiment of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs solution to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics on TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7 days

[0029] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (ddH 2O water soaking of seeds + cultivation in 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS treatment for 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in 0.50% PS microplastic solution + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium).

[0030] Figure 3 The growth status of TS163 maize genotype seedlings in the 21-day experiment of alleviating the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by spraying different concentrations of ZnONPs solution on the leaves.

[0031] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (ddH 2 O water soaking of seeds + cultivation in 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium + ddH 20% PS (soaking seeds with 0% PS microplastic solution + cultivating with 0% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying seedlings with ddH₂O), 0.50% PS treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with 0.50% PS microplastic solution + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying seedlings with ddH₂O) 2 0% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying seedlings with 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying seedlings with 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying seedlings with 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying seedlings with 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying seedlings with 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution).

[0032] Figure 4Analysis of the changes in 12 traits in the 7-day seedling growth test or 21-day seedling growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with different concentrations of ZnONPs solution by seed soaking or leaf spraying to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0033] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 7-day seedling growth test (seed soaking with ddH 2 O water + soil culture substrate with 0.00% PS microplastics) or the control treatment for the 21-day seedling growth test (seed soaking with ddH 2 O water + soil culture substrate with 0.00% PS microplastics + leaf spraying of seedlings with ddH 2 O water), 0.50% PS is the 0.50% PS treatment for the 7-day seedling growth test (seed soaking with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + soil culture substrate with 0.50% PS microplastics) or the 0.50% PS treatment for the 21-day seedling growth test (seed soaking with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + soil culture substrate with 0.50% PS microplastics + leaf spraying of seedlings with ddH 2O water leaf spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seedsTreatment with 50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs and culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution). SL is the seedling length, SFW is the seedling fresh weight, SDW is the seedling dry weight, RL is the root length, RFW is the root fresh weight, RDW is the root dry weight, SD is the stem diameter, RD is the root diameter, PDW is the total plant dry biomass, SPAD is the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is the strong seedling index, and RV is the root activity. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) in individual traits among different treatments in the 7-day seedling growth experiment or the 21-day seedling growth experiment.

[0034] Figure 5 The growth status of TS163 maize genotype seedlings in the 7-day experiment on alleviating the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds with different concentrations of GO solution.

[0035] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (ddH 2O water soaking of seeds + 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate).

[0036] Figure 6 The growth status of TS163 maize genotype seedlings in the 21-day seedling growth test was alleviated by spraying different concentrations of GO solution on the leaves to relieve the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0037] Among them, CK was the control treatment for the 21-day seedling growth test (ddH 2 O water soaking of seeds + 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + ddH 2 O water spraying on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS was the 0.50% PS treatment for the 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + ddH 2O water leaf spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 2.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 7.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 10.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + cultivating in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 15.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves).

[0038] Figure 7 Analysis of the changes in 12 traits in the 7-day or 21-day seedling growth experiments of TS163 maize genotype seedlings to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of GO solutions.

[0039] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (ddH 2 O water soaking seeds + cultivating in a 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the control treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (ddH 2 O water soaking seeds + cultivating in a 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium + ddH 2O water leaf spraying of seedlings), 0.50% PS for the 0.50% PS treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate) or the 0.50% PS treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + ddH 2O water leaf spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO for the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 2.5 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO for the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 5.0 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO for the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 7.5 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO for the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 10.0 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO for the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 12.5 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO for the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (0.50% PS + 15.Soaking seeds with the mixture of 0 mg / L GO + cultivating in the 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + cultivating in the 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + spraying the seedling leaves with 15.0 mg / L GO solution). SL is the seedling length, SFW is the seedling fresh weight, SDW is the seedling dry weight, RL is the root length, RFW is the root fresh weight, RDW is the root dry weight, SD is the stem diameter, RD is the root diameter, PDW is the total plant dry biomass, SPAD is the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is the strong seedling index, and RV is the root activity. Different lowercase letters indicate that there are significant differences in individual traits among different treatments at the P < 0.05 level in the 7-day seedling growth experiment or the 21-day seedling growth experiment.

[0040] Figure 8 Pearson correlation analysis of 12 traits in the 7-day seedling growth experiment of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with soaking seeds in different concentrations of ZnONPs solution to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0041] Among them, SL is the seedling length, SFW is the seedling fresh weight, SDW is the seedling dry weight, RL is the root length, RFW is the root fresh weight, RDW is the root dry weight, SD is the stem diameter, RD is the root diameter, PDW is the total plant dry biomass, SPAD is the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is the strong seedling index, and RV is the root activity. "*" represents a significant correlation between two traits at the P < 0.05 level.

[0042] Figure 9 Pearson correlation analysis of 12 traits in the 21-day seedling growth experiment of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs solution to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0043] Among them, SL is the seedling length, SFW is the seedling fresh weight, SDW is the seedling dry weight, RL is the root length, RFW is the root fresh weight, RDW is the root dry weight, SD is the stem diameter, RD is the root diameter, PDW is the total plant dry biomass, SPAD is the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is the strong seedling index, and RV is the root activity. "*" represents a significant correlation between two traits at the P < 0.05 level.

[0044] Figure 10 Pearson correlation analysis of 12 traits in the 7-day seedling growth experiment of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with soaking seeds in different concentrations of GO solution to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0045] Among them, SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is the strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. "*" represents a significant correlation between two traits at the P<0.05 level.

[0046] Figure 11 Pearson correlation analysis of 12 traits in the experiment of alleviating the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings by spraying different concentrations of GO solution on leaves for 21 days.

[0047] Among them, SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is the strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. "*" represents a significant correlation between two traits at the P<0.05 level.

[0048] Figure 12 Comprehensive cluster evaluation among all treatments in the experiment of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs solution to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7 days.

[0049] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (ddH 2O water soaking of seeds + cultivation in 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds in 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 7-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium). I is the treatment type with good growth of maize seedlings, II is the treatment type with weak growth of maize seedlings, and III is the treatment type with poor growth of maize seedlings.

[0050] Figure 13 Comprehensive evaluation of cluster analysis among all treatments for the experiment of relieving the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings by spraying different concentrations of ZnONPs solution on leaves for 21 days.

[0051] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 21-day seedling growth test (ddH 2 O water soaking of seeds + cultivation in 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium + ddH 2O water leaf spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + ddH 2 O water leaf spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on seedling leaves). I is the treatment type with good growth condition of maize seedlings, II is the treatment type with weak growth condition of maize seedlings, and III is the treatment type with poor growth condition of maize seedlings.

[0052] Figure 14Comprehensive evaluation of the inter-group clustering among all treatments in the 7-day experiment on the alleviation of the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings by soaking seeds in GO solutions with different concentrations.

[0053] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in ddH 2 O water + cultivating in 0.00% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS is the 0.50% PS treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + cultivating in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + cultivating in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + cultivating in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + cultivating in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + cultivating in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + cultivating in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + cultivating in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate). I is the treatment type with good growth status of maize seedlings, II is the treatment type with weak growth status of maize seedlings, and III is the treatment type with poor growth status of maize seedlings.

[0054] Figure 15 Comprehensive evaluation of the inter-group clustering among all treatments in the 21-day experiment on the alleviation of the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings by spraying GO solutions with different concentrations on leaves.

[0055] Among them, CK is the control treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (ddH 2O water soaking of seeds + 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium + ddH 2 O water leaf spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + ddH 2 O water leaf spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 2.5 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 5.0 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 7.5 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 10.0 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 12.5 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 15.0 mg / L GO solution on seedling leaves). I is the treatment type with good growth condition of maize seedlings, II is the treatment type with weak growth condition of maize seedlings, and III is the treatment type with poor growth condition of maize seedlings.

[0056] Figure 16 Comprehensive mitigation effect (CME) of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs solution on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings at the 7th day or 21st day of growth to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlingsZnONPs ) Analysis.

[0057] Among them, 7d represents the 7th day of the growth of maize genotype seedlings, and 21d represents the 21st day of the growth of maize genotype seedlings. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics) or the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics + spraying the seedlings with 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics) or the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics + spraying the seedlings with 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics) or the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics + spraying the seedlings with 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics) or the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics + spraying the seedlings with 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment of maize genotype (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics + 0.The 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), or the 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs and culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), or the 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution).

[0058] Figure 17 The comprehensive mitigation effect (CME) of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of GO solution to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics on TS163 maize genotype seedlings at the 7th day or 21st day of growth GO ) analysis.

[0059] Among them, 7d represents the 7th day of the growth of maize genotype seedlings, and 21d represents the 21st day of the growth of maize genotype seedlings. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 2.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 7.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 10.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the 0. for the 7-day seedling growth experimentTreatment with 50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO and culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or treatment with 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 15.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves).

[0060] Figure 18 Analysis of the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CMI) of TS163 maize genotype seedlings at the 7th day or 21st day of growth, with the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics mitigated by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs solution ZnONPs )

[0061] Among them, 7d refers to the 7th day of the growth of maize genotype seedlings, and 21d refers to the 21st day of the growth of maize genotype seedlings. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + spraying the seedlings with 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + spraying the seedlings with 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + spraying the seedlings with 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 21-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + spraying the seedlings with 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment in the 7-day experiment of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate culture) or 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + spraying 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs for 7-day seedling growth test of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate) or 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment for 21-day seedling growth test (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + spraying 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves of seedlings).

[0062] Figure 19 Analysis of the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CMI GO ) of different concentrations of GO solution soaking seeds or spraying on leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings at the 7th day or 21st day of growth

[0063] Among them, 7d refers to the 7th day of the growth of maize genotype seedlings, and 21d refers to the 21st day of the growth of maize genotype seedlings. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 2.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 7.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 10.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium) or the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying the seedlings with a 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the 0.Treatment with 50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO and culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate) or the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for 21 days of seedling growth (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate, and spraying the seedlings with a 15.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves). Specific implementation method

[0065] The methods used in the following examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the equipment and reagents used are all conventional equipment and reagents purchased from reagent companies. Here, it should also be noted that in order to avoid obscuring the technical solution of the present invention due to unnecessary details, only the technical solutions and / or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the examples, and other details of little relevance are omitted.

[0066] In addition, those skilled in the art are aware that the maize genotype test materials are not limited to 1 portion. The present invention takes 1 portion of maize genotype test materials as an example only to clearly describe the content of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] The present invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for the alleviation effect of microplastic toxicity on maize seedlings. The specific evaluation method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0069] 1. Preparation of high-quality maize seeds: Prepare new seeds of the high-quality TS163 maize genotype that were strictly bagged and self-pollinated in the Longxi Maize Experimental Station (latitude 34.97°, longitude 104.40°, altitude 2074 m) in 2024, harvested when physiologically mature, with uniform size, plump grains, strong vitality, and high purity, and set aside for use.

[0070] 2. Preparation of different types of solutions: Accurately weigh 0.50 g of PS microplastics (purchased from Dongguan Ruixiang Plastic Raw Material Co., Ltd.; PS specification: mesh number 1000, particle size 13 μm) with an electronic balance, and dissolve it in 100 mL of ddH 2 O to prepare a 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution (mass ratio concentration of PS mass to ddH 2 O mass), and prepare it freshly as needed. Accurately weigh 12.0 mg of nano-zinc oxide (ZnONPs; purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd.; ZnONPs specification: CAS number 1314-13-2, molecular weight 81.39, purity 99.9%, particle size 30 ± 10 nm) with an electronic balance, and dissolve it in 1 L of ddH 2In water at room temperature, disperse ZnONPs with a Tianjin Test SH-2 / SH-3 magnetic stirrer for 30 min, and then ultrasonically vibrate it with a Ningbo Xinzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. SB-5200DT ultrasonic cleaner at 40 Hz for 30 min to make ZnONPs fully and evenly dispersed in ddH 2 O water to obtain a 150 μmol / L ZnONPs mother liquor, and dilute it to 6 kinds of ZnONPs solutions with concentrations of 25 μmol / L, 50 μmol / L, 75 μmol / L, 100 μmol / L, 125 μmol / L, and 150 μmol / L respectively; at the same time, take 100 mL of each of the above 6 kinds of ZnONPs solutions, and add 0.50 g of PS microplastics to each for dissolution, thereby obtaining 6 kinds of PS and ZnONPs mixtures with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, and 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs, and prepare them freshly for use. In addition, take 25 μL, 50 μL, 75 μL, 100 μL, 125 μL, and 150 μL of 1% (1 g / 100 mL of ddH 2 O water) single-layer graphene oxide (GO; purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd.; specifications of ZnONPs: purity 98%, carbon content < 46, oxygen content > 45, sulfur content < 1.5, sheet diameter 0.2 - 10 μm) with a pipette and transfer them to a volumetric flask, and then make up the volume to 100 mL with ddH 2 O water to obtain 6 kinds of GO solutions with concentrations of 2.5 mg / L, 5.0 mg / L, 7.5 mg / L, 10.0 mg / L, 12.5 mg / L, and 15.0 mg / L respectively, and prepare them freshly for use. At the same time, take 100 mL of each of the above 6 kinds of GO solutions, and add 0.50 g of PS microplastics to each for dissolution, thereby obtaining 6 kinds of PS and GO mixtures with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, and 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO, and prepare them freshly for use. In total, 26 types of solutions are prepared, that is, ddH 2O water; 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution; 6 kinds of ZnONPs solutions with concentrations of 25 μmol / L, 50 μmol / L, 75 μmol / L, 100 μmol / L, 125 μmol / L, and 150 μmol / L; 6 kinds of PS and ZnONPs mixtures with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, and 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs; 6 kinds of GO solutions with concentrations of 2.5 mg / L, 5.0 mg / L, 7.5 mg / L, 10.0 mg / L, 12.5 mg / L, and 15.0 mg / L; 6 kinds of PS and GO mixtures with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, and 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO. Prepare them freshly before use.

[0071] 3. Experiment on soaking maize seeds with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to relieve the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize seedling growth for 7 days: Put 40 high-quality new seeds of maize genotype TS163 prepared in advance into a triangular flask, add 100 mL of 70% ethanol (v / v), and sterilize the seeds on a TS-2 horizontal shaker of Shenzhen Sanli Technology Co., Ltd. for 10 minutes. Rinse the seeds 5 times with 100 mL of ddH 2 O water to remove the residual ethanol on the seed surface, and dry the attached water on the seed surface with sterile filter paper to obtain the corresponding disinfected maize genotype seeds of TS163. Then continue to put the disinfected maize genotype seeds of TS163 into the corresponding triangular flasks, and add 100 mL of the above 14 types of solutions prepared in advance, including ddH 2O water; 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution; six kinds of PS and ZnONPs mixtures with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs; six kinds of PS and GO mixtures with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO. Soak the seeds in these solutions on the TS-2 horizontal shaker of Shenzhen Sanli Technology Co., Ltd. in the indoor dark environment for 24 h. At the same time, prepare two kinds of soil culture substrates with different concentrations (the mass ratio of PS to nutrient soil) of PS microplastics, namely 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture substrate (that is, the soil culture substrate obtained by fully mixing 0.00 g PS microplastics with 300.00 g nutrient soil and then adding 250 mL of ddH 2 O water and stirring evenly), 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate (that is, the soil culture substrate obtained by fully mixing 1.50 g PS microplastics with 300.00 g nutrient soil and then adding 250 mL of ddH 2 O water and stirring evenly). Then sow 10 TS163 maize genotype seeds soaked in the above 14 types of solutions into flower pots with corresponding concentrations of PS microplastic soil culture substrates and place them in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation. During the cultivation period, the relative humidity is set at 65%, the temperature is set at 25 ± 0.5 / 20 ± 0.5 °C for 12 h each in an alternating cycle, the photoperiod is set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity is set at 300 μM m -2 s -1 , and the CO 2 concentration is 450 PPM. In total, there are 14 treatments in the experiment, namely the CK control treatment (ddH 2O water soaking + 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS treatment (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium). Each treatment was set with 4 biological replicates. During the cultivation period, 50 mL of ddH was evenly watered into each flower pot every 3 days. 2O water to timely supply water to the seedlings. On the 7th day of cultivation, the seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), stem diameter (SD), root diameter (RD), total plant dry biomass (PDW), leaf chlorophyll SPAD value (SPAD), root activity (RV), and strong seedling index (SSI) of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under these 14 treatments were measured respectively. Among them, the SSI value was calculated according to the formula (1) in the appendix Figure 1 The formula (1) is as follows. In the formula, SSI is the strong seedling index, SD is the stem diameter, SL is the seedling length, and PDW is the total plant dry biomass.

[0072] 4. Experiment on alleviating the toxicity of PS microplastics to the growth of maize seedlings by spraying different types of ZnO NPs / GO solutions on leaves for 21 days: The TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultivated on the 7th day under the above 14 treatments were continuously cultivated in an artificial climate chamber with the same environment for 14 days. Every 2 days, 10 mL of each of the 14 types of solutions with corresponding concentrations was sprayed on the morning leaves of the TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the corresponding treatments, that is, 1 mL of each of the 14 types of solutions was sprayed on the leaves of each maize genotype seedling under the corresponding treatment each time, and a total of 7 times of leaf spraying were carried out. In total, there were 14 treatments in the experiment, namely CK control treatment (soaking seeds with ddH 2 O water + cultivating in a soil culture substrate with 0.00% PS microplastics + spraying seedlings with ddH 2 O water), 0.50% PS treatment (soaking seeds with 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + cultivating in a soil culture substrate with 0.50% PS microplastics + ddH 2Treatment with 0 water leaf spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 2.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 5.0 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 7.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 10.0 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying seedlings with 12.5 mg / L GO solution on leaves), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + 12.5 mg / L GO solution sprayed on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate + spraying 15.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings). Each treatment was set with 4 biological replicates. During the cultivation period, the relative humidity was set at 65%, the temperature was set at 25 ± 0.5 / 20 ± 0.5 °C for 12 h alternating cycles, the photoperiod was set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity was set at 300 μM m. -2 s -1 , CO 2 concentration of 450 PPM. During the cultivation period, every 3 days, 50 mL of ddH 2 O water was evenly poured into each flower pot to timely supply water to the seedlings. On the 21st day of seedling cultivation, the seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), stem diameter (SD), root diameter (RD), total plant dry biomass (PDW), leaf chlorophyll SPAD value (SPAD), root activity (RV), and strong seedling index (SSI) of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under these 14 treatments were measured respectively.

[0073] 5. Statistical analysis of different experimental data: Using Excel software, organize the means (mean) and standard deviations (SD) of 12 traits measured in the 7-day experiment on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings soaked with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics and the 21-day experiment on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings sprayed with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions on the leaves to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics. Use IBM-SPSS Statistics 19 (https: / / www.ibm.com / products / spss-statistics / data-visualization) data statistical analysis software to conduct a combined analysis of variance on all traits in the 7-day experiment and 21-day experiment on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings soaked with seeds and sprayed with leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics, including corrected model (CM), between PS microplastic concentration treatments (PS), between ZnONPs concentration treatments (ZnONPs), between GO concentration treatments (GO), between culture period treatments (S), interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and ZnONPs concentration treatment (PS×ZnONPs), interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and GO concentration treatment (PS×GO), interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and culture period treatment (PS×S), interaction between ZnONPs concentration treatment and culture period (ZnONPs×S), interaction between GO concentration treatment and culture period (GO×S), interaction among PS microplastic concentration treatment, ZnONPs concentration treatment and culture period (PS×ZnONPs×S), interaction among PS microplastic concentration treatment, GO concentration treatment and culture period (PS×GO×S) for degrees of freedom (DF), F-values and significance of differences (SIG). Use the online analysis and plotting GENESCLOUD (https: / / www.genescloud.cn / chart / CircleCorPlot) software to plot the correlation coefficient diagrams of the corresponding 12 traits in the 7-day experiment and 21-day experiment on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings soaked with seeds and sprayed with leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics. Use the IMLOG2 function to further perform IMLOG2 standardization processing on the means of the corresponding 12 traits in the 7-day experiment and 21-day experiment on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings soaked with seeds and sprayed with leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics.The data statistical analysis software IBM-SPSS Statistics 16 (https: / / www.ibm.com / products / spss-statistics / data-visualization) was used to perform between groups linkage method for all treatments in the 7-day and 21-day growth experiments of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with different types of ZnONPs / GO solution seed soaking and leaf spraying to relieve the toxicity of PS microplastics, so as to evaluate the overall growth status of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among different treatments at different cultivation stages, and then scientifically and qualitatively identify the alleviation of TS163 maize genotype seedlings at different cultivation stages under the toxicity of PS microplastics by seed soaking with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution or leaf spraying.

[0074] 6. Relative alleviation effect index of single traits of maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by seed soaking with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution or leaf spraying: To more scientifically, objectively and accurately measure the alleviation effect of seed soaking with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution or leaf spraying on single traits of maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, we newly defined the relative alleviation effect index (RMEI ZnONPS and RMEI GO ), as shown in the specific Figure 1 formulas (2) and (3) in the appendix. In formula (2), is the relative alleviation effect index of the i-ZnONPs concentration solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the treatment of seed soaking or leaf spraying with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the treatment of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics toxicity, and ∑T j / m is the average value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under m (m = 8) types of solution seed soaking or leaf spraying treatments. In formula (3), is the relative alleviation effect index of the i-GO concentration solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, The measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. The measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, ∑T j / n is the average value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with n (n = 8) types of solutions. The larger the value, the strongest the alleviating effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. The larger the value, the strongest the alleviating effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0075] 7. Absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of single traits of maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions: To more scientifically, simply and objectively evaluate the alleviation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on single traits of maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, the present invention newly defines the absolute alleviation intensity coefficient (AMIC ZnONPs and AMIC GO ) of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on single traits of maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, as specifically shown in formulas (4) and (5) in Appendix Figure 1 . In formula (4) is the absolute alleviation intensity coefficient of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days after soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under CK treatment. In formula (5) The absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the i-GO concentration solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, The measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days with seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-GO concentration solution under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, The measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics treatment, The measured value of the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under CK treatment. The larger the value, the greater the mitigation intensity of the i-ZnONPs concentration solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. The larger the value, the greater the mitigation intensity of the i-GO concentration solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0076] 8. Comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation effect of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to maize seedlings: Further, the RMEI ZnONPS and RMEI GO values of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics calculated above were used as evaluation indicators for the mitigation effect of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. The membership function method was used to scientifically, objectively, comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive mitigation effect (CME ZnONPs and CME GO ) of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. See the specific formulas (6), (7), (8) and (9) in Appendix Figure 1 . In formula (6): The membership value of the mitigation effect of the i-ZnONPs concentration solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying on the j-th trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, The relative mitigation effect index, RMEI, of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the jth trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics j-max The maximum relative mitigation effect index, RMEI, of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solution on the jth trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics j-min The minimum relative mitigation effect index of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solution on the jth trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. CME in formula (7) i-ZnONPs The comprehensive mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits The membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the jth trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. In formula (8): The membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the jth trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics The relative mitigation effect index, RMEI, of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the jth trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics j-max The maximum relative mitigation effect index, RMEI, of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of GO solution on the jth trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics j-min The minimum relative mitigation effect index of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of GO solution on the jth trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. CME in formula (9) i-GO The comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits It is the membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. CME i-ZnONPs The larger the value, the stronger the comprehensive mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0077] 9. Comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to maize seedlings: Further, the AMIC ZnONPS and AMIC GO values of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics calculated above were used as evaluation indicators for the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution on TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. The membership function method was used to comprehensively, systematically, objectively and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CMI ZnONPs and CMI GO ) of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. See the specific formulas (10), (11), (12) and (13) in Appendix Figure 1 . In formula (10): is the membership value of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the j-th trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, is the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the j-th trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. AMIC j-max is the maximum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solution on the j-th trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. AMIC j-min is the minimum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solution on the j-th trait of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. In formula (11), CMI i-ZnONPs For the comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves on the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days, k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits. For the membership value of the mitigation intensity of the j-th trait of the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days by soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves. In formula (12): For the membership value of the mitigation intensity of the j-th trait of the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days by soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves. For the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the j-th trait of the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days by soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves, AMIC j-max For the maximum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient, AMIC, of the j-th trait of the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of GO solution. j-min For the minimum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the j-th trait of the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of GO solution. In formula (13), CMI i-GO For the comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves on the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days, k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits. For the membership value of the mitigation intensity of the j-th trait of the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days by soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves. CMI i-ZnONPs The larger the value of CMI, the greater the comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution or spraying leaves on the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days. i-GO The larger the value of CMI, the greater the comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves on the seedlings of TS163 maize genotype cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics for 7 days or 21 days.

[0078] 10. Measurement of the optimal ZnONPs / GO solution concentration for the best mitigation effect / maximum mitigation intensity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize seedlings: Further, by comparing the results of the cluster evaluation among treatments of the growth of maize genotype seedlings of TS163 after soaking seeds and spraying leaves with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions in the 7-day and 21-day experiments on mitigating the toxicity of PS microplastics, the comprehensive evaluation results of the mitigation effect of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on soaking seeds or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize genotype seedlings of TS163, and the comprehensive evaluation results of the mitigation intensity of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on soaking seeds or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize genotype seedlings of TS163, a variety of analysis methods are used to comprehensively compare and analyze the mitigation effects of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize genotype seedlings of TS163 at different cultivation periods, and finally determine the optimal concentration of ZnONPs / GO solution for soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the best mitigation effect / maximum mitigation intensity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize genotype seedlings of TS163 at different cultivation periods.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] The present invention provides a comprehensive evaluation result of the mitigation effect of microplastic toxicity on maize seedlings, and the specific evaluation results are as follows:

[0081] 1. Joint variance analysis of 12 traits in the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with seed soaking in ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and leaf spraying to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics: As shown in Table 1, the correction models (CM) of the joint variance analysis of the 12 traits were all significantly different at the P < 0.001 level. This indicates that the overall differences in these 12 traits in the joint variance analysis are significant. Therefore, variance analysis was performed on the following aspects: between PS microplastic concentration treatments (PS), between ZnONPs concentration treatments (ZnONPs), between culture period treatments (S), the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and culture period treatment (PS×S), the interaction between ZnONPs concentration treatment and culture period (ZnONPs×S), the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and ZnONPs concentration treatment (PS×ZnONPs), and the three-way interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment, ZnONPs concentration treatment, and culture period (PS×ZnONPs×S). However, since the degrees of freedom for the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and ZnONPs concentration treatment and the three-way interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment, ZnONPs concentration treatment, and culture period are 0, we can only further perform variance analysis on the remaining 5 factors. Interestingly, the F-values of the variance analysis of these 12 traits between PS microplastic concentration treatments ranged from 5.160 (strong seedling index, P < 0.05) to 425.983 (root activity, P < 0.001); the F-values of the variance analysis of these 12 traits between ZnONPs concentration treatments ranged from 2.828 (root diameter, P < 0.05) to 194.268 (total plant dry biomass, P < 0.001); the F-values of the variance analysis of these 12 traits between culture period treatments ranged from 23.138 (root diameter, P < 0.001) to 6028.824 (total plant dry biomass, P < 0.001); the F-values of the variance analysis of the interaction between ZnONPs concentration treatment and culture period for these 12 traits ranged from 3.534 (root diameter, P < 0.01) to 159.307 (total plant dry biomass, P < 0.001). This shows that the performance of these 12 traits of maize seedlings is significantly regulated by the differences between PS microplastic concentration treatments, ZnONPs concentration treatments, culture period treatments, and the interaction between ZnONPs concentration treatment and culture period. In addition, only 4 traits, namely seedling fresh weight (F-value = 53.340, P < 0.001), root length (F-value = 4.142, P < 0.05), stem diameter (F-value = 5.688, P < 0.05), and root activity (F-value = 90.903, P < 0.001), were significantly different in the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and culture period treatment. This indicates that these 4 traits are also affected by the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and culture period treatment. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze the performance of these 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among different treatments.

[0082] Table 1 F-values, significance levels, and degrees of freedom for the combined analysis of variance of 21 traits in the 7-day and 21-day experiments on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with seed soaking in ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and foliar spraying of PS microplastics

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Note: CM is the correction model, PS is the treatment between PS microplastic concentrations, ZnONPs is the treatment between ZnONPs concentrations, S is the treatment between cultivation periods, PS×S is the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and cultivation period treatment, ZnONPs×S is the interaction between ZnONPs concentration treatment and cultivation period, PS×ZnONPs is the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and ZnONPs concentration treatment, PS×ZnONPs×S is the interaction among PS microplastic concentration treatment, ZnONPs concentration treatment, and cultivation period, and DF is the degree of freedom. SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is the strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. "-" represents missing information. "*", "**", or "***" represent significant differences at the P<0.05, P<0.01, or P<0.001 level, respectively.

[0086] 2. Joint variance analysis of 12 traits in the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with seeds soaked in GO solutions of different concentrations and leaves sprayed to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics: Similarly, as shown in Table 2, the correction models (CM) of the joint variance analysis of the 12 traits were all significantly different at the P<0.001 level. This indicates that the overall differences in these 12 traits in the joint variance analysis are significant. Therefore, variance analysis was conducted on the following aspects: between PS microplastic concentration treatments (PS), between GO concentration treatments (GO), between culture period treatments (S), interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and culture period treatment (PS×S), interaction between GO concentration treatment and culture period (GO×S), interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and GO concentration treatment (PS×GO), and interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment, GO concentration treatment, and culture period (PS×GO×S). However, since the degrees of freedom for the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and GO concentration treatment and the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment, GO concentration treatment, and culture period are 0, we can only further conduct variance analysis on the remaining 5 factors. Interestingly, the F-values of the variance analysis of these 12 traits between PS microplastic concentration treatments ranged from 15.263 (strong seedling index, P<0.001) to 806.862 (root activity, P<0.001); the F-values of the variance analysis of these 12 traits between culture period treatments ranged from 98.661 (root diameter, P<0.001) to 6746.794 (seedling length, P<0.001); the F-values of the variance analysis of the interaction between GO concentration treatment and culture period of these 12 traits ranged from 3.757 (root diameter, P<0.01) to 118.648 (seedling fresh weight, P<0.001). This shows that the performance of these 12 traits of maize seedlings is significantly regulated by the differences between PS microplastic concentration treatments, between culture period treatments, and the interaction between GO concentration treatment and culture period. In addition, except for root diameter (F-value = 1.306, P>0.05) which was not significantly different in the variance analysis between GO concentration treatments, the F-values of the variance analysis of the remaining 11 traits between GO concentration treatments ranged from 6.914 (leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, P<0.001) to 86.384 (root activity, P<0.001); at the same time, 5 traits such as seedling fresh weight (F–value = 50.338, P<0.001), root length (F–value = 4.586, P<0.05), root dry weight (F–value = 6.170, P<0.05), stem diameter (F–value = 11.358, P<0.001), and root activity (F–value = 172.182, P<0.001) were significantly different in the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and culture period treatment. This shows that these traits are also affected by the differences between GO concentration treatments and the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and culture period treatment. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze the performance of these 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under different treatments.

[0087] Table 2 F-values, significance levels, and degrees of freedom for the combined analysis of variance of 21 traits in the 7-day and 21-day experiments on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with seed soaking in GO solutions at different concentrations and foliar spraying with PS microplastics

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Note: CM is the correction model, PS is the treatment between PS microplastic concentrations, GO is the treatment between GO concentrations, S is the treatment between cultivation periods, PS×S is the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and cultivation period treatment, GO×S is the interaction between GO concentration treatment and cultivation period, PS×GO is the interaction between PS microplastic concentration treatment and GO concentration treatment, PS×GO×S is the interaction among PS microplastic concentration treatment, GO concentration treatment, and cultivation period, and DF is the degree of freedom. SL is the seedling length, SFW is the seedling fresh weight, SDW is the seedling dry weight, RL is the root length, RFW is the root fresh weight, RDW is the root dry weight, SD is the stem diameter, RD is the root diameter, PDW is the total plant dry biomass, SPAD is the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is the strong seedling index, and RV is the root activity. "-" represents missing information. "*", "**", or "***" represent significant differences at the P < 0.05, P < 0.01, or P < 0.001 level, respectively.

[0091] 3. Analysis of the performance of 12 traits in the 7-day and 21-day experiments on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with seed soaking in ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and foliar spraying to alleviate PS microplastic toxicity: Regarding the 7-day experiment on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings treated with seed soaking in ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, compared with the CK control treatment, the seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, stem diameter, root diameter, total plant dry biomass, strong seedling index, SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, and root activity of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under 0.50% PS stress treatment decreased by 26.13%, 26.91%, 35.73%, 14.32%, 38.50%, 20.59%, 7.51%, 13.22%, 31.00%, 13.81%, 8.84%, and 77.72% respectively (Appendix Figure 2 and 4)。The seeds soaked with ZnONPs at different concentrations had a certain degree of improvement on 12 traits of the seedlings in the 7-day growth experiment of TS163 maize seedlings under 0.50% PS stress, and the improvement effects of the seeds soaked with ZnONPs at different concentrations on the 12 traits of the seedlings in the 7-day growth experiment of TS163 maize seedlings under 0.50% PS stress were different (Appendix Figure 2 and 4 ). Compared with the 0.50% PS stress treatment, the maximum increase in seedling length of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 61.08%; the maximum increase in fresh seedling weight of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 68.90%; the maximum increase in dry seedling weight of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 69.95%; the maximum increase in root length of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 35.99%; the maximum increase in fresh root weight of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 70.94%; the maximum increase in dry root weight of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 13.61%; the maximum increase in stem diameter of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 36.06%; the maximum increase in root diameter of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 6.36%; the maximum increase in total dry biomass of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 57.56%; the maximum increase in seedling vigor index of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 43.32%; the maximum increase in chlorophyll SPAD value of leaves of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 17.92%; the maximum increase in root activity of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 395.69% (Appendix Figure 2 and 4)。 Similarly, for the experiment of spraying different concentrations of ZnONPs solution on leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics to the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 21 days, compared with the CK control treatment, the seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, stem diameter, root diameter, total plant dry biomass, strong seedling index, leaf chlorophyll SPAD value and root activity of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under 0.50% PS stress treatment decreased by 11.11%, 30.35%, 11.21%, 22.94%, 16.52%, 28.17%, 13.22%, 13.35%, 15.75%, 17.75%, 21.19% and 62.21% respectively (Appendix Figure 3 and 4 ). Spraying different concentrations of ZnONPs on leaves had a certain degree of improvement effect on 12 traits of TS163 maize seedlings in the 21-day experiment of TS163 maize seedlings growth under 0.50% PS stress, and the improvement effects of spraying different concentrations of ZnONPs on leaves on 12 traits of TS163 maize seedlings in the 21-day experiment of TS163 maize seedlings growth under 0.50% PS stress were different (Appendix Figure 3 and 4)。Compared with the 0.50% PS stress treatment, the maximum increase in the seedling length of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 21.49%; the maximum increase in the fresh weight of TS163 maize genotype seedling shoots under the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 37.62%; the maximum increase in the dry weight of TS163 maize genotype seedling shoots under the 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 33.47%; the maximum increase in the root length of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 20.41%; the maximum increase in the fresh weight of TS163 maize genotype seedling roots under the 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 66.78%; the maximum increase in the dry weight of TS163 maize genotype seedling roots under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 66.96%; the maximum increase in the stem diameter of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 18.55%; the maximum increase in the root diameter of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 6.29%; the maximum increase in the total dry biomass of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 262.92%; the maximum increase in the seedling vigor index of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 275.11%; the maximum increase in the chlorophyll SPAD value of TS163 maize genotype seedling leaves under the 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 62.29%; the maximum increase in the root activity of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment was 135.50% (Appendix Figure 3 and 4 ). It shows that the effects of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves on alleviating the toxicity of PS microplastics to 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings in the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test are not the same.

[0092] 4. Analysis of the performance of 12 traits in the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with different concentrations of GO solution soaking seeds and leaf spraying to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics: In terms of the 7-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with different concentrations of GO solution soaking seeds to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, compared with the CK control treatment, the 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS stress treatment showed different degrees of decrease, and the degree of decrease ranged from 7.51% (stem diameter) to 77.72% (root activity) (AppendixFigure 5 and 7 ). Moreover, soaking seeds with different concentrations of GO had a certain degree of improvement on 12 traits of the seedlings in the 7-day growth experiment of TS163 maize seedlings under 0.50% PS stress, and the improvement effects of soaking seeds with different concentrations of GO on the 12 traits of the seedlings in the 7-day growth experiment of TS163 maize seedlings under 0.50% PS stress were different (Appendix Figure 5 and 7 ). Compared with the 0.50% PS stress treatment, the maximum increase in seedling length of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment was 29.12%; the maximum increase in fresh seedling weight of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment was 68.33%; the maximum increase in dry seedling weight of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 35.99%; the maximum increase in root length of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment was 35.99%; the maximum increase in fresh root weight of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment was 82.64%; the maximum increase in dry root weight of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment was 41.14%; the maximum increase in stem diameter of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment was 23.21%; the maximum increase in root diameter of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment was 10.25%; the maximum increase in total dry biomass of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment was 90.78%; the maximum increase in seedling vigor index of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 82.31%; the maximum increase in leaf chlorophyll SPAD value of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment was 12.84%; the maximum increase in root activity of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment was 216.12% (Appendix Figure 5 and 7 ). Similarly, for the experiment of spraying different concentrations of GO solution on leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics to the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 21 days, compared with the CK control treatment, these traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS stress treatment also decreased significantly, and the degree of decrease ranged from 13.22% (stem diameter) to 62.21% (root activity) (Appendix Figure 6 and 7)。The spraying of GO with different concentrations on the leaves has a certain degree of improvement effect on 12 traits of the seedlings in the 21-day growth experiment of TS163 maize seedlings under 0.50% PS stress, and the improvement effects of spraying GO with different concentrations on the leaves on 12 traits of the seedlings in the 21-day growth experiment of TS163 maize seedlings under 0.50% PS stress are different (Appendix Figure 6 and 7 ). Compared with the 0.50% PS stress treatment, the maximum increase in the seedling length of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment was 10.59%; the maximum increase in the fresh weight of seedlings of TS163 maize genotype under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 51.34%; the maximum increase in the dry weight of seedlings of TS163 maize genotype under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 57.05%; the maximum increase in the root length of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 36.45%; the maximum increase in the fresh weight of roots of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment was 104.72%; the maximum increase in the dry weight of roots of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 113.38%; the maximum increase in the stem diameter of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 12.24%; the maximum increase in the root diameter of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment was 12.89%; the maximum increase in the total dry biomass of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 66.33%; the maximum increase in the seedling vigor index of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment was 70.32%; the maximum increase in the SPAD value of chlorophyll in leaves of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment was 31.84%; the maximum increase in the root activity of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment was 167.93% (Appendix Figure 6 and 7 ). It shows that the effects of soaking seeds and spraying GO with different concentrations on the leaves on alleviating the toxicity of PS microplastics to 12 traits in the 7-day growth experiment and 21-day growth experiment of TS163 maize genotype seedlings are not the same.

[0093] 5. Pearson correlation analysis of 12 traits in the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with seed soaking in ZnONPs solutions of different concentrations and foliar spraying to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics: For the 7-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with seed soaking in ZnONPs solutions of different concentrations to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, a total of 31 pairs of traits were detected with significant positive / negative correlations (P<0.05) among the 12 traits in the 8 treatments (Appendix Figure 8 ). For the 21-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with foliar spraying of ZnONPs solutions of different concentrations to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, a total of 25 pairs of traits were detected with significant positive / negative correlations (P<0.05) among the 12 traits in the 8 treatments (Appendix Figure 9 ). It indicates that these 12 traits of maize seedlings have a close cooperative positive or antagonistic negative effect on each other, jointly affecting the growth and development of maize seedlings under different treatments.

[0094] 6. Pearson correlation analysis of 12 traits in the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with seed soaking in GO solutions of different concentrations and foliar spraying to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics: Consistent with the above, for the 7-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with seed soaking in GO solutions of different concentrations to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, a total of 39 pairs of traits were found with significant positive / negative correlations (P<0.05) among the 12 traits in all treatments (Appendix Figure 10 ). For the 21-day growth test of TS163 maize genotype seedlings with foliar spraying of GO solutions of different concentrations to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, a total of 44 pairs of traits were identified with significant positive / negative correlations (P<0.05) among these traits in all treatments (Appendix Figure 11 ). It shows that these traits of maize seedlings have a close cooperative positive or antagonistic negative effect on each other, jointly regulating the growth and development of maize seedlings under different treatments.

[0095] 7. Comprehensive evaluation of cluster analysis among groups for the experiments of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7-day growth and 21-day growth: We further used the IMLOG2 function to perform IMLOG2 standardization on the means of 12 corresponding traits among all treatments in the experiments of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7-day growth and 21-day growth. Then, we used the IBM-SPSS Statistics 16 data statistical analysis software to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of cluster analysis among groups for all treatments in the experiments of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7-day growth and 21-day growth, and qualitatively evaluated the overall alleviation of the toxicity of PS microplastics and the growth status of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among the corresponding treatments in the experiments of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7-day growth and 21-day growth. In the experiment of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7-day growth, according to the performance of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among 8 treatments, when the Euclidean distance was 6, the treatments of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, CK control treatment, and 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs were clustered into type I. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under these 4 treatments in this type all showed good performance, and it was named the treatment type with good growth status of maize seedlings; the treatments of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs, and 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs were clustered into type II. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under these 3 treatments in this type all showed weak performance, and it was named the treatment type with weak growth status of maize seedlings; while the 0.50% PS treatment was clustered into type III. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under this type of treatment showed poor performance due to the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, and it was named the treatment type with poor growth status of maize seedlings (Appendix Figure 12)。In addition, in the experiment of alleviating the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings by spraying ZnONPs solution on leaves for 21 days, according to the performance of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among 8 treatments, when the Euclidean distance was 5.5, the CK control treatment was clustered into type I. Under this type of treatment, the 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings all performed well and were not affected by the toxicity of PS microplastics. It was named the treatment type with good growth status of maize seedlings; the treatments of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, and 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs were clustered into type II. Under these 6 treatments of this type, the 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings all performed weakly and were named the treatment type with weak growth status of maize seedlings; while the 0.50% PS treatment was clustered into type III. Under this type of treatment, due to the influence of the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, the 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings all performed poorly and were named the treatment type with poor growth status of maize seedlings (attached Figure 13 )。From these results, it can be seen that the comprehensive evaluation method of between-group clustering can only generally and qualitatively evaluate the growth status of maize seedlings among all treatments in the experiments of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solution at different concentrations and spraying ZnONPs solution on leaves to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics on the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7 days and 21 days, and the alleviation effect of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solution or spraying ZnONPs solution on leaves at corresponding concentrations on maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics. However, it cannot clearly and quantitatively distinguish the comprehensive alleviation degree of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solution or spraying ZnONPs solution on leaves at different concentrations on maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, which severely limits the application of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solution at appropriate concentrations or spraying ZnONPs solution on leaves to alleviate the toxicity effect of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize seedlings.

[0096] 8. Comprehensive evaluation of cluster analysis between groups for the experiments of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings at 7 days and 21 days of growth: Similarly, further perform IMLOG2 standardization on the means of 12 corresponding traits among all treatments in the experiments of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings at 7 days and 21 days of growth; then conduct a comprehensive evaluation of cluster analysis between groups among all treatments in the experiments of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings at 7 days and 21 days of growth, and qualitatively evaluate the overall alleviation of the toxicity of PS microplastics and the growth status of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among the corresponding treatments in the experiments of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings at 7 days and 21 days of growth. In the experiment of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings at 7 days of growth, according to the performance of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among 8 treatments, when the Euclidean distance is 6.5, the treatments of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO, and CK control are clustered into type I. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under these 4 treatments of this type all perform well, and it is named the treatment type with good growth status of maize seedlings; the treatments of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO, and 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO are clustered into type II. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under these 3 treatments of this type all perform weakly, and it is named the treatment type with weak growth status of maize seedlings; the 0.50% PS treatment is clustered into type III. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under this type of treatment all perform poorly due to the influence of the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, and it is named the treatment type with poor growth status of maize seedlings (Appendix Figure 14)。In addition, in the experiment of alleviating the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings by spraying GO solution on leaves at different concentrations for 21 days, according to the performance of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among 8 treatments, when the Euclidean distance was 13, the treatments of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO, CK control, 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO, and 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO were clustered into type I. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under these 5 treatments in this type all showed good performance, and it was named the treatment type with good growth condition of maize seedlings; the treatment of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO was clustered into type II. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under this type of treatment all showed weak performance, and it was named the treatment type with weak growth condition of maize seedlings; the treatments of 0.50% PS and 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO were clustered into type III. The 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under these 2 treatments in this type all showed poor performance, and it was named the treatment type with poor growth condition of maize seedlings (attached Figure 15 )。From these analyses, it can be seen that using the between-group clustering comprehensive evaluation method can only qualitatively evaluate the growth conditions of maize seedlings among all treatments in the experiments of soaking seeds with GO solution at different concentrations and spraying GO solution on leaves to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to the growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings for 7 days and 21 days in a vague way, as well as the alleviation effect of soaking seeds with GO solution or spraying GO solution on leaves at the corresponding concentrations on maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. However, it cannot accurately and objectively quantitatively distinguish the comprehensive alleviation degree of soaking seeds with GO solution at different concentrations or spraying GO solution on leaves on maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics, which seriously affects the application of soaking seeds with GO solution at the appropriate concentration or spraying GO solution on leaves to alleviate the toxic effect of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics on maize seedlings.

[0097] 9. Comprehensive evaluation of the alleviation effect of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solution at different concentrations or spraying ZnONPs solution on leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to maize seedlings: We further used the calculated RMEI ZnONPS values of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics after soaking seeds with ZnONPs solution at different concentrations or spraying ZnONPs solution on leaves (Tables 3 and 4) as the evaluation indexes for the alleviation effect of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solution at different concentrations or spraying ZnONPs solution on leaves on TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics. Using the membership function method, according to the attached Figure 1The membership value U(RMEI) of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics was calculated according to formula (6). ZnONPs (Tables 5 and 6), and then according to Appendix Figure 1 The comprehensive mitigation effect (CME ZnONPs ) of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics was evaluated according to formula (7). The results are shown in Appendix Figure 16 . It shows that the CME ZnONPs of soaking seeds with 6 concentrations of ZnONPs solutions on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics ranged from 0.222 (treatment with 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs) to 0.703 (treatment with 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs); similarly, the CME ZnONPs of spraying leaves with 6 concentrations of ZnONPs solutions on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics ranged from 0.152 (treatment with 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs) to 0.764 (treatment with 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs). It is speculated that soaking seeds and spraying leaves with 75 μmol / L concentration ZnONPs solutions have the best comprehensive mitigation effect on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days and 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics.

[0098] Table 3 Relative mitigation effect index (RMEI ZnONPS ) values of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium).

[0102] Table 4 Relative mitigation effect index (RMEI ZnONPS ) values of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under 0.50% concentration PS microplastic toxicity with foliar spraying of different concentrations of ZnONPs solution in the 21-day growth experiment

[0103]

[0104] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution).

[0105] Table 5 Subordinate values (U(RMEI)) of the mitigation effect of seeds soaked in ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics during the 7-day growth experiment ZnONPS ))

[0106]

[0107] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate).

[0108] Table 6 Membership values (U(RMEI)) of the mitigation effects of foliar spraying with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastic toxicity in the 21-day growth experiment ZnONPS )

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution).

[0112] 10. Comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation effect of different concentrations of GO solution soaking seeds or spraying leaves on 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity in corn seedlings: Similarly, we used different concentrations of GO solution soaking seeds or spraying leaves to evaluate the RMEI of 12 traits of TS163 corn seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity. GO The values ​​(Tables 7 and 8) were used as evaluation indicators for the mitigation effect of different concentrations of GO solution soaking seeds or leaf spraying on TS163 maize seedlings under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics. The membership function method was used according to the attached Figure 1 Formula (8) was used to calculate the mitigation effect membership values ​​U(RMEI) of 12 traits of TS163 maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds with different concentrations of GO solution or spraying leaves. GO ) (Tables 9 and 10), then according to the attached Figure 1 Formula (9) was used to evaluate the comprehensive mitigation effect (CME) of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of GO solution on TS163 maize seedlings at the 7th or 21st day of cultivation under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics. GO The results are as follows. Figure 17 It shows that the CME of TS163 maize seedlings cultured on the 7th day under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when soaked in 6 concentrations of GO solution GO The CME of TS163 maize seedlings cultured on the 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics was different from that of foliar spraying of 6 concentrations of GO solution. GO The range was between 0.088 (0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment) and 0.847 (0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment). It was inferred that soaking seeds with 12.5 mg / L GO solution had the best comprehensive mitigation effect on the 7th day corn seedlings cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, while spraying leaves with 5.0 mg / L GO solution had the best comprehensive mitigation effect on the 21st day corn seedlings cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics.

[0113] Table 7 Relative mitigation effect index (RMEI) of 12 traits of TS163 maize seedlings toxic to 0.50% PS microplastics in different concentrations of GO solution soaked seeds in the 7-day growth experiment GO )value

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium).

[0117] Table 8 Relative mitigation effect index (RMEI GO ) values of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics with foliar spraying of different concentrations of GO solution in the 21-day growth experiment

[0118]

[0119] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 2.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 7.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 10.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 15.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings).

[0120] Table 9 Subordinate values (U(RMEI GO ))

[0121]

[0122] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), and 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate).

[0123] Table 10 Membership values (U(RMEI)) of the alleviating effects of spraying different concentrations of GO solution on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics in the 21-day growth experiment GO ))

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 2.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 7.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 10.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + cultivating with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + spraying 15.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings).

[0127] 11. Comprehensive evaluation of the alleviation intensity of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs solution or spraying on leaves against the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to maize seedlings: We also used soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs solution or spraying on leaves to evaluate the AMIC of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics ZnONPSValues (Tables 11 and 12) were used as evaluation indicators for the alleviation intensity of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics when seeds were soaked in ZnONPs solutions of different concentrations or leaves were sprayed. Using the membership function method, according to the attached Figure 1 formula (10), the membership values U(AMIC ZnONPs ) of the alleviation intensity of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings on the 7th day or 21st day of cultivation under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics when seeds were soaked in ZnONPs solutions of different concentrations or leaves were sprayed were calculated (Tables 13 and 14). Then, according to the attached Figure 1 formula (11), the comprehensive alleviation intensity size (CMI ZnONPs ) of TS163 maize genotype seedlings on the 7th day or 21st day of cultivation under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics when seeds were soaked in ZnONPs solutions of different concentrations or leaves were sprayed was measured. The results are as shown in the attached Figure 18 . It shows that the CMI ZnONPs of TS163 maize genotype seedlings on the 7th day of cultivation under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics when seeds were soaked in 6 kinds of ZnONPs solutions ranged from 0.231 (treatment with 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs) to 0.720 (treatment with 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs); similarly, the CMI ZnONPs of TS163 maize genotype seedlings on the 21st day of cultivation under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics when leaves were sprayed with 6 kinds of ZnONPs solutions ranged from 0.170 (treatment with 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs) to 0.780 (treatment with 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs). It is predicted that the comprehensive alleviation intensity of soaking seeds and spraying leaves with 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on maize genotype seedlings on the 7th day and 21st day of cultivation under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics is the greatest.

[0128] Table 11 Absolute alleviation intensity coefficients (AMIC ZnONPS ) of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings on the 7th day of growth experiment when seeds were soaked in ZnONPs solutions of different concentrations under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics

[0129]

[0130] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium).

[0131] Table 12 Absolute mitigation intensity coefficient (AMIC ZnONPS ) values of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under 0.50% concentration PS microplastic toxicity with foliar spraying of different concentrations of ZnONPs solution in the 21-day growth experiment

[0132]

[0133] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium + foliar spraying of seedlings with a 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution).

[0134] Table 13 Relief intensity membership values (U(AMIC)) of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics with seeds soaked in ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations in the 7-day growth experiment ZnONPS ))

[0135]

[0136] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seeds soaked in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seeds soaked in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seeds soaked in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seeds soaked in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seeds soaked in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (seeds soaked in the mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + cultivation in 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium).

[0137] Table 14 Mitigation intensity membership values (U(AMIC)) of foliar spraying of different concentrations of ZnONPs solution on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastic toxicity during 21-day growth test ZnONPS )

[0138]

[0139] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs refers to the treatment of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs, culturing in a 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium, and spraying the seedlings with a 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution).

[0140] 12. Comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics to maize seedlings: We further used the AMIC GO values (Tables 15 and 16) of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics after soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves as the evaluation indicators for the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings. Using the membership function method, according to the Figure 1 formula (12) attached, calculate the membership values U(AMIC GO ) (Tables 17 and 18) of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, and then according to the Figure 1 formula (13) attached, measure the comprehensive mitigation intensity size (CMI GO ) of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics. The results are as shown in the Figure 19 attachment. The CMI GO of soaking seeds with 6 concentrations of GO solutions on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics ranges from 0.141 (0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment) to 0.908 (0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment); while the CMI GO of spraying leaves with 6 concentrations of GO solutions on TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics ranges from 0.095 (00.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment) to 0.860 (0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment). It is predicted that soaking seeds and spraying leaves with 75 μmol / L concentration of ZnONPs solution will have the greatest comprehensive mitigation intensity on maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days and 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics.

[0141] Table 15 Absolute mitigation intensity coefficients (AMIC GO ) values of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations on 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics

[0142]

[0143] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate).

[0144] Table 16 Absolute Mitigation Intensity Coefficient (AMIC GO ) values of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics with foliar spraying of different concentrations of GO solution in the 21-day growth experiment

[0145]

[0146] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + soil cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic substrate + foliar spraying of 2.5 mg / L GO solution on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + soil cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic substrate + foliar spraying of 5.0 mg / L GO solution on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + soil cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic substrate + foliar spraying of 7.5 mg / L GO solution on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + soil cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic substrate + foliar spraying of 10.0 mg / L GO solution on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + soil cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic substrate + foliar spraying of 12.5 mg / L GO solution on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO in the 21-day seedling growth experiment (seed soaking with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + soil cultivation with 0.50% PS microplastic substrate + foliar spraying of 15.0 mg / L GO solution on seedlings).

[0147] Table 17 Mitigation intensity membership values (U(AMIC)) of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds with different concentrations of GO solution in the 7-day growth experiment GO ))

[0148]

[0149] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO for 7-day-old seedlings (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO for 7-day-old seedlings (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO for 7-day-old seedlings (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO for 7-day-old seedlings (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO for 7-day-old seedlings (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the treatment of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO for 7-day-old seedlings (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + culturing with 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate).

[0150] Table 18 Mitigation intensity membership values (U(AMIC)) of 12 traits of TS163 maize genotype seedlings under 0.50% concentration PS microplastic toxicity with different concentrations of GO solution leaf spraying in the 21-day growth experiment GO ))

[0151]

[0152] Note: SL is seedling length, SFW is seedling fresh weight, SDW is seedling dry weight, RL is root length, RFW is root fresh weight, RDW is root dry weight, SD is stem diameter, RD is root diameter, PDW is total plant dry biomass, SPAD is leaf chlorophyll SPAD value, SSI is strong seedling index, and RV is root activity. 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 2.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 5.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 7.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 7.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 10.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 10.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 12.5 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings), 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO is the 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO treatment for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with a mixture of 0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO + culturing in 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate + spraying 15.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of seedlings).

[0153] 13. Measurement of the optimal ZnONPs / GO solution concentration for the best mitigation effect / maximum mitigation intensity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastic toxicity on maize seedlings: Further, through comprehensive comparison of the results of the cluster evaluation among groups of the growth status of TS163 maize genotype seedlings in the 7-day experiment and the 21-day experiment on the mitigation of 0.50% concentration PS microplastic toxicity on maize genotype seedlings by soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations and spraying on the leaves (Appended Figure 12 and 13) Comprehensive evaluation results of the alleviating effects of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings (Appended Figure 16 ) and comprehensive evaluation results of the alleviating intensity of soaking seeds with ZnONPs solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings (Appended Figure 18 ), we finally determined the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics) and the treatment of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs for the 21-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + culturing in the soil culture medium with 0.50% PS microplastics + spraying 1 mL of the solution on the leaves of each maize seedling in each flower pot every 2 days in the morning, with a total of 7 times of leaf spraying) as the best alleviating effect and the optimal alleviating intensity of the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings. Therefore, we can soak maize seeds with 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution and culture them in the 0.50% concentration PS microplastic environment for 7 days to make the maize emerge normally, and then continue to spray 1 mL of the 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves of each maize seedling in each flower pot every 2 days in the morning, with a total of 7 times of leaf spraying. After such treatment, the comprehensive alleviating effect on the maize seedlings cultured for 7 days and 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics is the best / the comprehensive alleviating intensity is the strongest. In addition, we further comprehensively compared the results of the cluster evaluation among groups of the growth status of TS163 maize genotype seedlings among all treatments in the 7-day growth experiment and 21-day growth experiment of alleviating the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to maize genotype seedlings by soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations and spraying leaves (Appended Figure 14 and 15 ), comprehensive evaluation results of the alleviating effects of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings (Appended Figure 17)And the comprehensive evaluation results of the mitigation intensity of soaking seeds with GO solutions at different concentrations above or spraying leaves on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics to TS163 maize genotype seedlings (19). Finally, it was found that the treatment of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO in the 7-day seedling growth experiment (soaking seeds with the mixture of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO + cultivating in the 0.50% PS microplastic soil substrate) had the best mitigation effect on the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics and the optimal mitigation intensity for the 7-day growth of TS163 maize genotype seedlings. Therefore, we can soak maize seeds with 12.5 mg / L GO solution and cultivate them in the 0.50% concentration of PS microplastic environment for 7 days to make the maize emerge normally. Then, continue to spray 1 mL of this solution on the leaves of each maize seedling growing in each flower pot every morning every 2 days with 5.0 mg / L GO solution, and spray the leaves a total of 7 times. After such treatment, the comprehensive mitigation effect is the best / the comprehensive mitigation intensity is the strongest for the maize seedlings cultivated for 7 days and 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics.

[0154] As can be seen from the above embodiments, starting from the actual production application of alleviating the toxicity of PS microplastics in maize, the present invention fully considers the growth stage of maize seedlings that is most sensitive to the toxicity of PS microplastics (i.e., the stage from seed germination to early seedling development) as the entry point, and adopts the two most typical treatment methods, namely seed soaking and leaf spraying. It not only comprehensively studies the effects of soaking maize seeds with ZnONPs / GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying maize seedlings on the growth and development, chlorophyll accumulation, and root characteristics of maize seedlings grown for 7 days and 21 days under the stress environment of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, but also systematically clarifies the mechanism of action of soaking maize seeds with ZnONPs / GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics to maize seedlings, laying a theoretical basis for the application of ZnONPs / GO solutions in production to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics to maize seedlings. In addition, in order to more scientifically, simply, and accurately evaluate the comprehensive mitigation effect / comprehensive mitigation intensity of soaking maize seeds with ZnONPs / GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves on the maize seedlings grown for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, the present invention also innovatively proposes the relative mitigation effect index (RMEI ZnONPS and RMEI GO ) and the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient (AMIC ZnONPs and AMIC GO) biological concepts and calculation formulas, and use them as evaluation indicators for the alleviation effect and intensity of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on maize seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics respectively. Using the membership function method, scientifically, objectively, comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive alleviation effect (CME ZnONPs and CME GO ) and the comprehensive alleviation intensity (CMI ZnONPs and CMI GO ) of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on maize seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics. At the same time, these comprehensive evaluation results were also comprehensively compared with the results of the cluster evaluation of the growth status of maize seedlings among all treatments in the 7-day growth experiment and 21-day growth experiment of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions and spraying leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize genotype seedlings. Furthermore, it was verified that the use of RMEI ZnONPS 、RMEI GO 、AMIC ZnONPs and AMIC GO to scientifically, objectively and quantitatively comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive alleviation effect and intensity of soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves on maize seedlings cultured for 7 days or 21 days under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics is feasible. This provides a scientific evaluation method for the comprehensive alleviation effect evaluation of different types of microplastic toxicity on maize seedlings in the future. And the present invention finally scientifically proposes an application method for soaking maize seeds with 75 μmol / L concentration of ZnONPs solution or spraying maize seedlings with leaves to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize seedlings; an application method for soaking maize seeds with 12.5 mg / L concentration of GO solution or spraying maize seedlings with leaves with 5.0 mg / L concentration of GO solution to alleviate the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics on maize seedlings. It has the advantages of simple and easy operation, good test repeatability, easy purchase and economic affordability of nano-ZnONPs / GO materials, small dosage and significant alleviation effect on the toxicity of PS microplastics on maize seedlings, laying a solid technical reference for the safe, efficient and sustainable production of maize under the PS microplastic-exposed environment, and having great application potential.

[0155] Example 3

[0156] The present invention provides an application of ZnONPs in alleviating microplastic toxicity of maize seedlings, specifically as follows:

[0157] Soak 40 high-quality genotype maize seeds, disinfected with 70% ethanol (v / v), in 100 mL of a mixed solution of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs on a horizontal shaker for 24 h. Then sow 10 corresponding maize genotype seeds after soaking in flower pots filled with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate and place them in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation. When the seedlings are cultivated for 7 days, spray 10 mL of 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the morning leaves of the maize genotype seedlings growing in each flower pot every 2 days, that is, spray 1 mL of 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution on the leaves of each maize genotype seedling each time, and continue to cultivate for 14 days, with a total of 7 times of leaf spraying. During the 21-day cultivation period, the relative humidity is set at 65%, the temperature is set at 25 ± 0.5 / 20 ± 0.5 °C for 12 h each in an alternating cycle, the photoperiod is set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity is set at 300 μM m -2 s -1 , CO 2 concentration of 450 PPM; at the same time, evenly pour 50 mL of ddH 2 O water into each flower pot every 3 days to supply water to the seedlings in a timely manner. Then measure 12 traits of the maize genotype seedlings cultivated for 7 days and 21 days respectively, including seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), stem diameter (SD), root diameter (RD), total plant dry biomass (PDW), leaf chlorophyll SPAD value (SPAD), root activity (RV), and strong seedling index (SSI). The experiment is set with 4 biological replicates.

[0158] Example 4

[0159] The present invention provides the application of GO in alleviating the toxicity of microplastics to maize seedlings, specifically as follows:

[0160] Soak 40 high-quality genotype maize seeds, disinfected with 70% ethanol (v / v), in 100 mL of a mixed solution of 0.50% PS + 12.5 mg / L GO on a horizontal shaker for 24 h. Then sow 10 corresponding maize genotype seeds after soaking in flower pots filled with 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture substrate and place them in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation. When the seedlings are cultivated for 7 days, spray 10 mL of 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the morning leaves of the maize genotype seedlings growing in each flower pot every 2 days, that is, spray 1 mL of 5.0 mg / L GO solution on the leaves of each maize genotype seedling each time, and continue to cultivate for 14 days, with a total of 7 times of leaf spraying. During the 21-day cultivation period, the relative humidity is set at 65%, the temperature is set at 25 ± 0.5 / 20 ± 0.5 °C for 12 h each in an alternating cycle, the photoperiod is set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity is set at 300 μM m -2s -1 , CO 2 concentration of 450 PPM; meanwhile, every 3 days, 50 mL of ddH 2 O water was evenly poured into each flower pot to supply water to the seedlings in time. Then, the maize genotype seedlings cultured for 7 days and 21 days were measured for 12 traits including shoot length (SL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), stem diameter (SD), root diameter (RD), total plant dry biomass (PDW), leaf chlorophyll SPAD value (SPAD), root activity (RV), and strong seedling index (SSI). The experiment was set with 4 biological replicates.

Claims

1. Application of nano-sized zinc oxide ZnONPs to alleviate PS toxicity of microplastics in corn seedlings, characterized by The specific application is: for corn seedlings on the 7th day of microplastic PS poisoning, 10 mL of 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution is sprayed on the leaves every 2 days, and the culture is continuously cultivated for 14 days, with a total of 7 leaf sprayings, which can significantly reduce the toxicity of microplastics to corn seedlings.

2. Application of single-layer graphene oxide GO to alleviate the toxicity of microplastics in corn seedlings, characterized by The specific application is: for corn seedlings on the 7th day of microplastic PS poisoning, 10 mL of 5.0 mg / L concentration GO solution is sprayed on the leaves every 2 days, and the culture is continuously cultivated for 14 days, with a total of 7 leaf sprayings, which can significantly reduce the toxicity of microplastics to corn seedlings.

3. A comprehensive evaluation method for mitigating the toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on corn seedlings, the specific steps are as follows: (1) Preparation of high-quality corn seeds: Prepare high-quality new corn genotype seeds harvested from the field that year that are uniform in size, plump in grains, strong in vitality, and high in purity for future use; (2) Preparation of different types of solutions: 0.50 g of polystyrene microplastics was accurately weighed on an electronic balance and dissolved in 100 mL of double distilled water to prepare a 0.50% concentration of PS microplastic solution, which was prepared on the spot; 12.0 mg of nano-sized zinc oxide ZnONPs was accurately weighed on an electronic balance and dissolved in 1 L of ddH2O water, and the ZnONPs were dispersed by stirring with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. 30min, and then use a 40Hz ultrasonic cleaning machine to ultrasonically oscillate it for 30min to make the ZnONPs fully and evenly dispersed in ddH2O water to obtain 150μmol / L ZnONPs mother solution, and dilute it into 6 concentrations of ZnONPs solutions of 25μmol / L, 50μmol / L, 75μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 125μmol / L and 150μmol / L respectively; at the same time, take 100mL of each of the above 6 concentrations of ZnONPs solution, add 0.50g of PS microplastics to dissolve, and then obtain 0.50%PS+25μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50%PS+50μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50%PS+75μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50%PS+100μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50%PS+125μmol / L ZnONPs and 6 kinds of PS and ZnONPs mixed solutions with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 150μmol / L ZnONPs were prepared on the spot; in addition, 25μL, 50μL, 75μL, 100μL, 125μL, and 150μL of 1% single-layer graphene oxide GO were respectively pipetted into a volumetric flask with a pipette, and then fixed to 100mL with ddH2O water, thereby obtaining 6 kinds of GO solutions with concentrations of 2.5mg / L, 5.0mg / L, 7.5mg / L, 10.0mg / L, 12.5mg / L and 15.0mg / L, which were prepared on the spot; at the same time, 100mL of each of the above 6 concentrations of GO solutions were taken, and 0.50g of PS microplastics were added to each of them for dissolution, thereby obtaining 0.50% PS + 2.5mg / LGO, 0.50% PS + 5.0mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 7.5mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 10.0mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 12.5mg / L GO, 0.50% PS + 15.0mg / L GO concentration of 6 kinds of PS and GO mixed solution, ready to use; in total, 26 types of solutions were prepared, namely ddH2O water; 0.50% concentration of PS microplastic solution; 6 kinds of ZnONPs solutions with concentrations of 25μmol / L, 50μmol / L, 75μmol / L, 100μmol / L, 125μmol / L, and 150μmol / L; 6 kinds of PS and ZnONPs mixed solutions with concentrations of 0.50% PS + 25μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 50μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 75μmol / LZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 100μmol / L ZnONPs, 0.50% PS + 125μmol / L ZnONPs, and 0.50% PS + 150μmol / L ZnONPs; 6 kinds of GO solutions with concentrations of 2.5mg / L, 5.0mg / L, 7.5mg / L, 10.0mg / L, 12.5mg / L, and 15.0mg / L; 6 kinds of PS and GO mixed solutions with concentrations of 0.50%PS+2.5mg / LGO, 0.50%PS+5.0mg / L GO, 0.50%PS+7.5mg / L GO, 0.50%PS+10.0mg / L GO, 0.50%PS+12.5mg / L GO, 0.50%PS+15.0mg / L GO, prepared for use; (3) Soaking corn seeds in different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of polystyrene (PS) microplastics. Experiment on corn seedlings growing for 7 days: sterilize the high-quality corn genotype seeds in step (1) with 70% ethanol for 10 minutes, rinse the seeds with ddH2O water 5 times, and use sterilized filter paper to absorb the water attached to the surface of the seeds to obtain the corresponding sterilized corn genotype seeds. Then, the sterilized corn genotype seeds were soaked in ddH2O water in step (2); 0.50% concentration of PS microplastic solution; 6 types of PS and ZnONPs mixed solutions; 6 types of PS and GO mixed solutions, a total of 14 types of solutions, for 24 hours. At the same time, two concentrations of PS microplastic soil culture matrix were prepared, namely 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture matrix (i.e., 0.00g PS microplastic and 300.00g nutrient soil were fully mixed and then 250mL of ddH2O water was added to stir the soil culture matrix), 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix (i.e., 1.50g PS microplastic and 300.00g nutrient soil were fully mixed and then 250mL of ddH2O water was added to stir the soil culture matrix). Then, 10 seeds of each corn genotype soaked in these 14 types of solutions were sown into pots of PS microplastic soil culture matrix with corresponding concentrations and placed in an artificial climate chamber for culture. During the culture period, the relative humidity was set to 65%, the temperature was set to 25±0.5 / 20±0.5℃ alternating cycles of 12h each, the photoperiod was set to 16 / 8h light / darkness, and the light intensity was set to 300μM m -2 s -1 , CO2 concentration 450PPM. In short, there were 14 treatments in the experiment, namely CK control treatment (ddH2O water soaking + 0.00% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS treatment (0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS + 25μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (0.50% PS + 25μmol / L ZnONPs mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS + 50μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (0.50% PS + 50μmol / L ZnONPs mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS + 75μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (0.50% PS + 75μmol / L The treatments were as follows: 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs (0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs) (0.50% PS + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs (0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs) (0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs) (0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs) (0.50% PS + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix), 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO (0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS + 5.0mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 5.0mg / L GO mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS + 7.5mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 7.5mg / L GO mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS + 10.0mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 10.0mg / L GO mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS + 12.5mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 12.5mg / L GO mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), 0.50% PS + 15.0mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO mixed solution for seed soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture), each treatment was set up with 4 biological replicates. During the cultivation period, 50 mL of ddH2O was evenly poured into each pot every 3 days. On the 7th day of cultivation, 12 traits of maize seedlings under the 14 treatments were measured, including seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), stem diameter (SD), root diameter (RD), plant dry biomass (PDW), leaf chlorophyll SPAD value (SPAD), root activity (RV) and seedling strength index (SSI). SSI was calculated according to formula (1): SSI = (SD / SL) × PDW (1). In the formula, SSI is the seedling strength index, SD is the stem diameter, SL is the seedling length, and PDW is the plant dry biomass. (4) Experiment on 21-day growth of corn seedlings by spraying different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions on leaves to alleviate the toxicity of polystyrene (PS) microplastics: The corn seedlings cultured on the 7th day under the corresponding 14 treatments in step (3) were further cultured in an artificial climate chamber under the same environment for 14 days, and the leaves of the corn seedlings under the corresponding treatments were sprayed with 10 mL of each of the 14 types of solutions of corresponding concentrations every 2 days in the morning, for a total of 7 times of leaf spraying; in general, there were 14 treatments in the experiment, namely, CK control treatment (soaking seeds in ddH2O water + cultivating 0.00% PS microplastics in soil culture matrix + spraying seedlings with ddH2O water), 0.50% PS treatment (soaking seeds in 0.50% concentration PS microplastic solution + cultivating 0.50% PS microplastics in soil culture matrix + spraying seedlings with ddH2O water), 0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (0.50% PS + 25 μmol / L The treatments were as follows: seed soaking in a mixture of ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix + 25 μmol / L ZnONPs solution sprayed on the leaves of the seedlings); 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (seed soaking in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix + 50 μmol / L ZnONPs solution sprayed on the leaves of the seedlings); 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (seed soaking in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix + 75 μmol / L ZnONPs solution sprayed on the leaves of the seedlings); 0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (0.50% PS + 100 μmol / L The treatments were as follows: seed soaking in a mixture of ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix + 100 μmol / L ZnONPs solution sprayed on the seedlings), 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (seed soaking in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix + 125 μmol / L ZnONPs solution sprayed on the seedlings), 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs treatment (seed soaking in a mixture of 0.50% PS + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix + 150 μmol / L ZnONPs solution sprayed on the seedlings), and 0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 2.5 mg / L GO mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix + 2.5mg / L GO solution spraying on seedlings), 0.50% PS + 5.0mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 5.0mg / L GO mixed solution soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture + 5.0mg / L GO solution leaf spraying seedlings), 0.50% PS + 7.5mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 7.5mg / L GO mixture soaking seeds + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture + 7.5mg / L GO solution leaf spraying seedlings), 0.50% PS + 10.0mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 10.0mg / L GO mixture soaking seeds + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture + 10.0mg / L GO solution leaf spraying seedlings), 0.50% PS + 12.5mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 12.5mg / L GO mixture soaking seeds + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture matrix culture + 12.5mg / L GO solution leaf spraying seedlings), 0.50% PS + 15.0mg / L GO treatment (0.50% PS + 15.0 mg / L GO mixed solution seed soaking + 0.50% PS microplastic soil culture medium culture + 15.0 mg / L GO solution leaf spraying seedlings), each treatment was set up with 4 biological replicates; during the culture period, the relative humidity was set at 65%, the temperature was set at 25±0.5 / 20±0.5℃ alternating cycles of 12 h each, the photoperiod was set at 16 / 8 h light / dark, and the light intensity was set at 300 μM m. -2 s -1 , CO2 concentration 450PPM; 50mL of ddH2O water was evenly poured into each flower pot every 3 days during the cultivation period, and 12 traits of maize seedlings under these 14 treatments were measured on the 21st day of seedling cultivation; (5) Statistical analysis of different experimental data: using Excel software, the mean and standard deviation of 12 traits of corn seedlings were determined in step (3) of the experiment on soaking corn seeds with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics on corn seedlings for 7 days and step (4) of the experiment on spraying corn seedlings with different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics on corn seedlings for 21 days; IBM-SPSS Statistics 19 data statistical analysis software was used to conduct joint variance analysis on all traits of the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of corn seedlings of different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions for seed soaking and leaves spraying to alleviate PS microplastic toxicity; the online GENESCLOUD software was used to draw the correlation coefficient diagrams of the 12 traits corresponding to the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of corn seedlings of different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions for seed soaking and leaves spraying to alleviate PS microplastic toxicity; the IMLOG2 function was used to further perform IMLOG2 standardization on the means of the 12 traits corresponding to the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of corn seedlings of different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions for seed soaking and leaves spraying to alleviate PS microplastic toxicity; IBM-SPSS Statistics 16 Data statistical analysis software was used to cluster all treatments in the 7-day growth test and 21-day growth test of corn genotype seedlings soaked in different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions and sprayed on leaves to alleviate the toxicity of PS microplastics. The overall growth status of corn genotype seedlings in different treatments at different culture periods was evaluated, and then scientifically and qualitatively identified the relief of corn genotype seedlings at different culture periods under the toxicity of PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions; (6) Relative mitigation effect index of single traits of corn seedlings toxicated by 0.50% polystyrene (PS) microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions: In order to more scientifically, objectively and accurately measure the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions on single traits of corn seedlings toxicated by 0.50% PS microplastics, the present invention newly defines the relative mitigation effect index (RMEI) of single traits of corn seedlings toxicated by 0.50% polystyrene (PS) microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions. ZnONPS and RMEI GO ); Formula (2): (2); where is the relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-th ZnONPs concentration solution, is the measured value of the jth trait of maize seedlings of the 7th or 21st day of cultivation treated with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, is the measured value of the jth trait of maize seedlings of the 7th or 21st day of cultivation under the treatment of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, ∑T j / m is the average value of the jth trait of maize seedlings of m (m=8) types of solution soaking or leaf spraying on the 7th or 21st day of culture; Similarly, formula (3): and In the formula is the relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves, is the measured value of the jth trait of corn seedlings on the 7th or 21st day of cultivation treated with the i-GO concentration solution under 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity. is the measured value of the jth trait of maize seedlings of the 7th or 21st day of cultivation under the treatment of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, ∑T j / n is the average value of the jth trait of maize seedlings of genotypes cultured on the 7th or 21st day under n (n=8) types of solution seed soaking or leaf spraying treatments; The larger the value, the stronger the mitigation effect of the i-th-ZnONPs concentration solution on seed soaking or leaf spraying on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics. The larger the value, the stronger the mitigation effect of the i-GO concentration solution on seed soaking or leaf spraying on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics. (7) Absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of single trait of corn seedlings under 0.50% concentration of polystyrene (PS) microplastic toxicity by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution: In order to facilitate a more scientific, simple and objective evaluation of the mitigation intensity of single traits of corn seedlings under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastic toxicity by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution, the present invention also newly defines the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient (AMIC) of single traits of corn seedlings under 0.50% concentration of polystyrene (PS) microplastic toxicity by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution znONPs and AMIC GO ); Formula (4): In the formula is the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when the i-th concentration of ZnONPs solution was used to soak seeds or spray leaves. is the measured value of the jth trait of maize seedlings of the 7th or 21st day of cultivation treated with the i-ZnONPs concentration solution under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, is the measured value of the jth trait of corn genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the treatment of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics. is the measured value of the jth trait of corn genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under CK treatment; similarly, formula (5): In the formula is the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when the i-GO concentration solution was used to soak seeds or spray leaves. is the measured value of the jth trait of corn seedlings on the 7th or 21st day of cultivation treated with the i-GO concentration solution under 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity. is the measured value of the jth trait of corn genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the treatment of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics. is the measured value of the jth trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under CK treatment; The larger the value, the greater the mitigation intensity of seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-th-ZnONPs concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics; The larger the value, the greater the mitigation intensity of seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics; (8) Comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation effect of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution soaking or leaf spraying on 0.50% polystyrene (PS) microplastic toxicity in corn seedlings: The RMEI of 12 traits of corn seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution was further calculated using step (6). ZnONPS and RMEI GO The values ​​were used as evaluation indicators of the mitigation effect of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution soaking or leaf spraying on maize genotype seedlings under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics toxicity. The membership function method was used to scientifically, objectively, comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive mitigation effect of different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solution soaking or leaf spraying on maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics toxicity (CME ZnONPs and CME GO ); Formula (6): Where: is the membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-th ZnONPs concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th day or the 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics, RMEI is the relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-th ZnONPs concentration solution. j-max RMEI is the maximum relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solution. j-min The minimum relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize seedlings of the 7th or 21st day cultured under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solution; Formula (7): Where CME i-ZnONPs is the comprehensive mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-th concentration of ZnONPs solution on the 7th or 21st day maize seedlings cultured under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, k (k=12) is the number of measured traits, is the membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-th ZnONPs concentration solution on the j-th trait of corn seedlings cultured on the 7th day or the 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics; Formula (8): Where: is the membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th day or the 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics, RMEI is the relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves. j-max RMEI is the maximum relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics in all concentrations of GO solution for seed soaking or leaf spraying. j-min The minimum relative mitigation effect index of the jth trait of corn seedlings of the 7th or 21st day cultured under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when soaking seeds or spraying leaves with GO solutions of all concentrations; Formula (9): Where CME i-GO is the comprehensive mitigation intensity of seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-GO concentration solution on the 7th or 21st day maize genotype seedlings cultured under 0.50% concentration PS microplastic toxicity, k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits, CME is the membership value of the mitigation effect of soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-GO concentration solution on the j-th trait of corn seedlings cultured on the 7th day or the 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics; i -ZnONPs The larger the value, the stronger the comprehensive mitigation effect of seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the 7th or 21st day maize genotype seedlings cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics; (9) Comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation strength of seed soaking or leaf spraying of ZnONPs / GO solutions at different concentrations on the toxicity of 0.50% polystyrene (PS) microplastics in corn seedlings: The AMICs of 12 traits of corn seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by seed soaking or leaf spraying of ZnONPs / GO solutions at different concentrations were calculated using step (7). ZnONPS and AMIC GO The values ​​were used as evaluation indicators of the mitigation intensity of maize genotype seedlings under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves. The membership function method was used to comprehensively, systematically, objectively and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive mitigation intensity (CMI) of maize genotype seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions or spraying leaves. ZnONPs and CMI GO ); Formula (10): Where: is the mitigation intensity membership value of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-th concentration of ZnONPs solution, AMIC is the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when the i-th concentration of ZnONPs solution was used to soak seeds or spray leaves. j-max AMIC is the maximum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solution. j-min The minimum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize seedlings of the 7th or 21st day cultured under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when soaking seeds or spraying leaves with all concentrations of ZnONPs solution; Formula (11): Where CMI i-ZnONPs is the comprehensive mitigation intensity of seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-th ZnONPs concentration solution on the 7th or 21st day maize genotype seedlings cultured under 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity, k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits, is the mitigation intensity membership value of the jth trait of corn seedlings of the genotype cultured on the 7th day or the 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% concentration PS microplastics by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with the i-th concentration of ZnONPs solution; Formula (12): Where: is the mitigation intensity membership value of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when the i-GO concentration solution was used to soak seeds or spray leaves. AMIC is the absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics by soaking seeds with the i-GO concentration solution or spraying leaves. j-max AMIC is the maximum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th or 21st day under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics when soaking seeds or spraying leaves with GO solutions of all concentrations. j-min The minimum absolute mitigation intensity coefficient of the jth trait of corn seedlings of the 7th or 21st day cultured under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when soaking seeds or spraying leaves with GO solutions of all concentrations; Formula (13): Where CMI i-GO is the comprehensive mitigation intensity of seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-GO concentration solution on the 7th or 21st day maize genotype seedlings cultured under 0.50% concentration PS microplastic toxicity, k (k = 12) is the number of measured traits, CMI is the mitigation intensity membership value of the jth trait of maize seedlings cultured on the 7th day or the 21st day under 0.50% concentration of PS microplastics when seeds are soaked or leaves are sprayed with the i-GO concentration solution; i-ZnONPs The larger the value, the greater the comprehensive mitigation intensity of seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-ZnONPs concentration solution on the 7th or 21st day maize genotype seedlings cultured under 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity; CMI i-GO The larger the value, the greater the comprehensive mitigation intensity of seed soaking or leaf spraying of the i-GO concentration solution on the 7th or 21st day maize genotype seedlings cultured under the toxicity of 0.50% PS microplastics; (10) The optimal ZnONPs / GO solution concentration for the best mitigation effect / maximum mitigation intensity of 0.50% polystyrene (PS) microplastic toxicity in corn seedlings was measured: the inter-group clustering evaluation results of the growth status of corn seedlings in all treatments of the 7-day growth test and the 21-day growth test of different types of ZnONPs / GO solutions were further compared in step (5) to alleviate the PS microplastic toxicity of corn seedlings of different genotypes in the 7-day growth test and the 21-day growth test, and the mitigation of 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity in corn seedlings by soaking seeds or spraying leaves with different concentrations of ZnONPs / GO solutions in step (8) The comprehensive evaluation results of the effects and the comprehensive evaluation results of step (9) on the mitigation intensity of 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity in corn seedlings by soaking seeds with ZnONPs / GO solutions at different concentrations or spraying leaves, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the mitigation effects of 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity in corn seedlings by soaking seeds with ZnONPs / GO solutions at different culture periods, and finally the optimal seed soaking or leaf spraying ZnONPs / GO solution concentration for the best mitigation effect / maximum mitigation intensity of 0.50% PS microplastic toxicity in corn seedlings at different culture periods was determined.

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