Binder, preparation method thereof and carbon dioxide adsorbent

Abstract

The invention discloses a binder, a preparation method thereof and a carbon dioxide adsorbent, and the preparation method of the binder comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing an aluminum-containing compound, clay and alkali liquor, and treating to obtain a material flow A; (2) uniformly mixing a compound containing IA family metal elements in an element period, acid and a surfactant, and treating to obtain a material flow B; and (3) uniformly mixing the material flow A and the material flow B, and reacting to obtain the binder. The preparation method of the carbon dioxide adsorbent comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the carrier, the binder and the active component to form slurry; and then passivating, forming, drying and roasting to obtain the carbon dioxide adsorbent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture, and particularly relates to a binder for a carbon dioxide adsorbent and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The carbon dioxide adsorbent of hydrate is mainly prepared by loading alkaline carbonates on a porous support. The alkaline carbonates include potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, etc. Since alumina has good abrasion resistance in a fluidized bed and stable physical and chemical properties, it is often used as a support for the hydrate adsorbent. However, under the condition of coexistence of carbon dioxide and water, due to the high reactivity of the acidic aluminum on the surface of the alumina support, near the adsorption active sites, by-products KAl(CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 will be formed at a relatively low reaction temperature, and the complete regeneration and decomposition temperature of this by-product is relatively high (260 - 350 °C), resulting in an increase in the regeneration temperature of the carbon dioxide adsorption process by hydrate and affecting the cycle stability of the adsorbent, thereby reducing the economy and applicability of this technology.

[0003] Patent CN201110180891.X provides an inorganic binder containing a phosphorus-aluminum compound and a preparation method thereof. The binder contains 15 - 40% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , 45 - 80% by weight of P 2 O 5 and 1 - 40% by weight of clay, with a P / Al weight ratio of 1 - 6, a pH value of 1 - 3.5, and a solid content of 15 - 60% by weight. The preparation method includes: pulping and dispersing aluminum hydroxide and / or alumina that can be acid peptized and clay with water into a slurry with a solid content of 15 - 45% by weight, adding concentrated phosphoric acid to the slurry in a stirring manner according to a weight ratio of P / Al = 1 - 6, and then reacting at 50 - 99 °C for 15 - 90 minutes. The preparation method provided by the present invention can avoid the binder curing caused by the local instantaneous violent reaction and heat release due to uneven materials, and the obtained binder can improve the abrasion resistance, activity and selectivity of the FCC catalyst. The catalyst formed by the binder prepared in this patent has strong acidic activity. Under the condition of the presence of water vapor, after the alumina loaded with carbonate operates for a long time, it is extremely easy to pulverize, seriously affecting the reaction effect and not being suitable for the carbon dioxide hydrate adsorbent. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the main object of the present invention is to provide a binder, a preparation method thereof and a carbon dioxide adsorbent.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of a binder, including the following steps:

[0006] (1) Under mixed conditions, an aluminum-containing compound, clay, and an alkali solution are mixed evenly for treatment, and a material stream A is obtained after treatment.

[0007] (2) Under mixed conditions, a compound containing a Group IA metal element of the periodic table, an acid solution, and a surfactant are mixed evenly for treatment to obtain a material stream B.

[0008] (3) Under mixed conditions, the material stream A obtained in step (1) and the material stream B obtained in step (2) are mixed evenly and reacted to obtain a binder.

[0009] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the method for preparing the above binder, the aluminum-containing compound in step (1) is selected from one or more of alumina, aluminum hydroxide, pseudo-boehmite, and aluminum isopropoxide, preferably alumina. Further, the specific surface area of the alumina is 100 - 300 m 2 / g, and the total pore volume is 0.2 - 0.5 ml / g.

[0010] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the method for preparing the above binder, the clay in step (1) is selected from one or more of bentonite, saponite, kaolin, rectorite, hydrotalcite, montmorillonite, and diatomite, preferably kaolin.

[0011] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the method for preparing the above binder, the alkali solution in step (1) is one or more of inorganic alkali solutions or organic alkali solutions, and specifically can be selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethylamine, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide. The molar concentration of the alkali solution is generally controlled to be 0.01 - 1 mol / L, preferably controlled to be 0.5 - 0.8 mol / L.

[0012] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the method for preparing the above binder, the mass ratio of the aluminum-containing compound, clay, and alkali solution in step (1) is 1:(0.01 - 10):(0.1 - 20), preferably 1:(0.1 - 1):(1 - 5).

[0013] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the method for preparing the above binder, the treatment conditions in step (1) are as follows: the treatment temperature is 30 - 100 °C, preferably 40 - 50 °C; the treatment time can be controlled to be 10 - 200 min, preferably 30 - 60 min. The mixing can be carried out by any one of the existing methods in the art that can achieve uniform mixing of materials, such as by stirring.

[0014] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the preparation method of the above binder, the compound containing a Group IA metal element of the periodic table in step (2) is one or more of the basic carbonates and basic acetates formed by the Group IA elements of the periodic table, and specifically can be selected from one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium acetate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium bicarbonate, and lithium acetate, and preferably one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.

[0015] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the preparation method of the above binder, the mass ratio of the compound containing a Group IA metal element of the periodic table, the acid solution, and the surfactant in step (2) is (0.1 - 20):(20 - 100):1, and preferably (1 - 10):(40 - 80):1.

[0016] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the preparation method of the above binder, the surfactant in step (2) can be one or more of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant is one or more of carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, and phosphates, and specifically can be selected from one or more of sodium stearate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium hexadecyl phosphate, and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate. The nonionic surfactant is one or more of polyoxyethylene derivatives, alkyl alcohol amides, polyol monofatty acid esters, alkylamine oxides, and N-alkylpyrrolidones, and specifically can be selected from one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, coconut fatty acid diethylamide, glycerol fatty acid ester, dodecyldimethylamine oxide, and lauryl pyrrolidone.

[0017] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the preparation method of the above binder, the acid solution in step (2) is an inorganic acid solution and / or an organic acid solution, and specifically can be selected from one or more of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and formic acid solution, preferably one or more of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid, and more preferably nitric acid; the molar concentration of the acid solution is 0.01 - 2 mol / L, preferably 0.1 - 0.5 mol / L.

[0018] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the preparation method of the above binder, the treatment conditions in step (2) are as follows: the treatment temperature is 30 - 100 °C, preferably 40 - 50 °C; the treatment time is 10 - 200 min, preferably 30 - 60 min. The mixing can be carried out by any of the existing methods in the art that can achieve uniform mixing of materials, such as by stirring.

[0019] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the preparation method of the above binder, the treatment conditions in step (3) are as follows: the treatment temperature is 30-100 °C, preferably 50-90 °C; the treatment time is 10-200 min, preferably 30-60 min. The mixing can be carried out by any one of the existing methods in the art that can achieve uniform mixing of materials, such as stirring.

[0020] The second aspect of the present invention provides a binder prepared by the above method.

[0021] The third aspect of the present invention provides a carbon dioxide adsorbent. The preparation method of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is to uniformly mix a carrier, a binder, and an active component to form a slurry; then, after shaping, drying, and calcination, the carbon dioxide adsorbent is obtained.

[0022] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the above carbon dioxide adsorbent, the proportion of micropores in the pore structure of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is 10% to 60%, preferably 20% to 40%.

[0023] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the above carbon dioxide adsorbent, the attrition index of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 0.5% to 5%.

[0024] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the above carbon dioxide adsorbent, the carrier can be one or more of alumina microspheres, silica-alumina spheres, and silica spheres, preferably alumina microspheres. Further, the diameter of the alumina microspheres is 5-500 μm, preferably 10-300 μm, more preferably 20-50 μm, and the particle size distribution D50 is preferably 50-200 μm, more preferably 30-40 μm; the specific surface area of the alumina microspheres is 5-500 m 2 / g, preferably 10-300 m 2 / g, more preferably 50-200 m 2 / g.

[0025] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the above carbon dioxide adsorbent, the binder is the binder obtained by the above preparation method.

[0026] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the above carbon dioxide adsorbent, the active component is one or more of carbonates formed by elements of Group IA, specifically selected from one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, lithium carbonate, and lithium bicarbonate, preferably one or more of potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.

[0027] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the above carbon dioxide adsorbent, any existing forming method in the art can be used for forming, such as spray drying forming method.

[0028] Preferably, as some specific embodiments, in the above carbon dioxide adsorbent, the drying temperature is 50 - 300 °C, preferably 80 - 180 °C, the drying time is 0.5 - 72 h, preferably 1 - 24 h; the calcination temperature is 300 - 800 °C, preferably 300 - 500 °C, the calcination time is 0.5 - 48 h, preferably 1 - 12 h; the calcination is carried out in the presence of an inert atmosphere.

[0029] The present invention also provides an application of the above carbon dioxide adsorbent in the carbon dioxide adsorption process. The application conditions are as follows: the reaction pressure is from atmospheric pressure to 2 Mpa, preferably 0.3 - 1 Mpa, the hydration temperature is 20 - 300 °C, preferably 40 - 100 °C, the adsorption temperature is 20 - 200 °C, preferably 30 - 90 °C, the regeneration temperature is 100 - 400 °C, preferably 120 - 300 °C, the volume fraction of CO in the raw material gas 2 is 1 - 50%, preferably 5 - 30%, and the adsorption gas space velocity is 50 - 2000 h -1 , preferably 100 - 500 h -1 .

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the main beneficial effects of the binder, its preparation method and the carbon dioxide adsorbent provided by the present invention are reflected in one or several combinations of the following aspects:

[0031] 1. The present invention provides a binder that can be used for the preparation of carbon dioxide adsorbents. By using clay, on the one hand, the adhesiveness of the binder is improved, and on the other hand, the production cost is reduced. At the same time, there is an acid-base reaction in the process of preparing the binder, and the addition of clay is beneficial to mass transfer and heat transfer in the production process of the binder, avoiding local caking and solidification due to heat release.

[0032] 2. In the preparation method of the binder provided by the present invention, the use of the compound containing the metal element of Group IA of the periodic table can regulate the rate of the reaction system from sol to gel, increasing the effective use time of the binder. Moreover, the compound containing the metal element of Group IA of the periodic table can act with the aluminum-containing compound to reduce its acidity, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of side reactions, and improving the adsorption stability and service life of the adsorbent when preparing the carbon dioxide adsorbent.

[0033] 3. In the carbon dioxide adsorbent of the binder provided by the present invention, the use of the binder can optimize the pore size distribution of the carbon dioxide adsorbent, increase the proportion of micropores, and greatly improve the rate of hydrated adsorption of carbon dioxide.

[0034] 4. In the method for preparing the binder provided by the present invention, first, the clay is treated with an alkali solution. Under alkaline conditions, silicon dioxide is easily precipitated from the surface structure of the clay, thereby forming more micropores. On the one hand, it shows advantages in adsorbing carbon dioxide. On the other hand, under the action of a surfactant, compounds containing metal elements of Group IA of the periodic table are more likely to enter the micropore channels and form a relatively stable structure. In addition, after the alumina is treated with an alkali solution, the adsorbent prepared by spray molding the clay and the alumina will not generate by-products KAl(CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 when water and carbon dioxide coexist. Therefore, the adsorbent has a high carbon dioxide adsorption capacity and cycle stability. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation manners.

[0036] Unless otherwise clearly stated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" or its variations such as "including" or "having" etc. will be understood to include the stated elements or components, without excluding other elements or other components.

[0037] In this article, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to limit a specific position or relative relationship. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first", "second", etc. can also be interchanged with each other.

[0038] In this article, all numerical values of parameters (such as quantity or condition) should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in all cases, whether or not "about" actually appears before the numerical value.

[0039] The experimental methods in the following examples are all conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified. The experimental materials used in the following examples are all purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores unless otherwise specified.

[0040] Analysis method of the present invention: The specific surface area and pore volume are measured by the low-temperature liquid nitrogen physical adsorption method.

[0041] In this article, the attrition index of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is determined by a wear index analyzer according to "Q / TSH 3490 909-2006 Determination of the attrition index of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts - Straight tube method".

[0042] Example 1

[0043] (1) Preparation of the binder

[0044] Pseudoboehmite, kaolin and sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 mol / L) were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.2:4, and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain stream A; sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid (0.2 mol / L) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 6:40:1, and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain stream B; (3) Stream A and stream B were mixed evenly and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain the binder.

[0045] (2) Preparation of adsorbent

[0046] Aluminum oxide microspheres (particle size distribution D50 is 48 μm, specific surface area is 182 m 2 / g), binder, and potassium carbonate were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 100:25:300 to form a slurry; then it was spray-molded, dried at 120 °C for 12 h, and calcined at 400 °C for 6 h to obtain the adsorbent. The micropore proportion is 31.5%, and the attrition index is 2.2%.

[0047] (3) Performance test of adsorbent

[0048] The performance test of the adsorbent was carried out on a fixed-bed reactor. The specific conditions were: reaction pressure 0.2 Mpa, hydration temperature 80 °C, adsorption temperature 60 °C, regeneration temperature 150 °C, CO 2 volume fraction in the raw material gas was 15%, and the adsorption gas space velocity was 300 h -1 . The CO 2 adsorption capacity of the fresh adsorbent was 2.15 mmol / g, and the CO 2 adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent was 2.02 mmol / g. For the gas after adsorption, the CO 2 removal rate was 94.2%.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] (1) Preparation of binder

[0051] Aluminum hydroxide, hydrotalcite and potassium hydroxide solution (0.5 mol / L) were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.8:2, and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain stream A; sodium carbonate, phosphoric acid (0.2 mol / L) and lauryl pyrrolidone were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:70:1, and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain stream B; (3) Stream A and stream B were mixed evenly and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain the binder.

[0052] (2) Preparation of adsorbent

[0053] Aluminum oxide microspheres (particle size distribution D50 is 48 μm, specific surface area is 182 m 2(g), binder, potassium carbonate, are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 100:25:300 to form a slurry; then it is spray-formed, dried at 120 °C for 12 h, and calcined at 400 °C for 6 h to obtain an adsorbent. The micropore proportion is 28.2%, and the attrition index is 3.0%.

[0054] (3) Adsorbent performance test

[0055] The adsorbent performance test is carried out on a fixed-bed reactor. The specific conditions are: reaction pressure 0.2 Mpa, hydration temperature 80 °C, adsorption temperature 60 °C, regeneration temperature 150 °C, and the CO 2 volume fraction in the raw material gas is 15%, and the adsorption gas space velocity is 300 h -1 . The CO 2 adsorption capacity of the fresh adsorbent is 2.31 mmol / g, and the CO 2 adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent is 2.22 mmol / g. For the gas after adsorption, the CO 2 removal rate is 95.8%.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] (1) Binder preparation

[0058] Aluminum oxide (specific surface area 164 m 2 / g, total pore volume 0.32 ml / g), diatomite, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution (0.5 mol / L) are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:1, and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain stream A; potassium carbonate, nitric acid (0.2 mol / L), and potassium hexadecyl phosphate are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 8:60:1, and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain stream B; (3) Stream A and stream B are mixed evenly and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain a binder.

[0059] (2) Adsorbent preparation

[0060] Aluminum oxide microspheres (particle size distribution D50 is 48 μm, specific surface area is 182 m 2 / g), binder, potassium carbonate, are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 100:25:300 to form a slurry; then it is spray-formed, dried at 120 °C for 12 h, and calcined at 400 °C for 6 h to obtain an adsorbent. The micropore proportion is 25.6%, and the attrition index is 2.6%.

[0061] (3) Adsorbent performance test

[0062] The performance test of the adsorbent was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The specific conditions were as follows: the reaction pressure was 0.2 Mpa, the hydration temperature was 80 °C, the adsorption temperature was 60 °C, the regeneration temperature was 150 °C, and the volume fraction of CO in the raw material gas was 15%. 2 The space velocity of the adsorption gas was 300 h -1 . The CO adsorption capacity of the fresh adsorbent was 2.19 mmol / g, and the CO adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent was 2.03 mmol / g. The CO removal rate of the gas after adsorption was 94.9%. 2 2 2

[0063] Example 4

[0064] (1) Preparation of binder

[0065] Aluminum isopropoxide, montmorillonite and sodium hydroxide solution (0.7 mol / L) were mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:0.6:3 and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain stream A; potassium carbonate, nitric acid (0.2 mol / L) and potassium cetyl phosphate were mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 3:50:1 and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain stream B; (3) Stream A and stream B were mixed evenly and stirred at 50 °C for 60 min to obtain the binder.

[0066] (2) Preparation of adsorbent

[0067] Aluminum oxide microspheres (with a particle size distribution D50 of 48 μm and a specific surface area of 182 m 2 / g), binder and potassium carbonate were mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 100:25:300 to form a slurry; then it was spray-molded, dried at 120 °C for 12 h, and calcined at 400 °C for 6 h to obtain the adsorbent. The micropore proportion was 37.4%, and the attrition index was 4.0%.

[0068] (3) Performance test of adsorbent

[0069] The performance test of the adsorbent was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The specific conditions were as follows: the reaction pressure was 0.2 Mpa, the hydration temperature was 80 °C, the adsorption temperature was 60 °C, the regeneration temperature was 150 °C, and the volume fraction of CO in the raw material gas was 15%. 2 The space velocity of the adsorption gas was 300 h -1 . The CO adsorption capacity of the fresh adsorbent was 2.11 mmol / g, and the CO adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent was 2.04 mmol / g. The CO removal rate of the gas after adsorption was 94.6%. 2 2 2

[0070] Comparative Example 1 ​​​​​​

[0071] Compared with Example 1, it is basically the same, except that no surfactant was used in the preparation process of the binder. The micropore proportion of the adsorbent is 3.1%, and the attrition index is 7.9%. The CO adsorption capacity of the fresh adsorbent is 1.4 mmol / g, and the CO adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent is 1.24 mmol / g. 2 adsorption capacity is 1.4 mmol / g, and the CO 2 adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent is 1.24 mmol / g.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] Compared with Example 2, it is basically the same, except that no lye treatment was used in the preparation process of the binder. The micropore proportion of the adsorbent is 2.9%, and the attrition index is 8.3%. The CO adsorption capacity of the fresh adsorbent is 1.2 mmol / g, and the CO adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent is 1.05 mmol / g. 2 adsorption capacity is 1.2 mmol / g, and the CO 2 adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent is 1.05 mmol / g.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] Compared with Example 3, it is basically the same, except that no surfactant and lye were used in the preparation process of the binder. The micropore proportion of the adsorbent is 4.5%, and the attrition index is 14.8%. The CO adsorption capacity of the fresh adsorbent is 1.1 mmol / g, and the CO adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent is 0.68 mmol / g. 2 adsorption capacity is 1.1 mmol / g, and the CO 2 adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent is 0.68 mmol / g.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a binder, comprising the following steps: (1) Under mixing conditions, an aluminum-containing compound, clay, and an alkali solution are mixed evenly for treatment, and after treatment, a material stream A is obtained; (2) Under mixing conditions, a compound containing a Group IA metal element of the periodic table, an acid solution, and a surfactant are mixed evenly for treatment to obtain a material stream B; the compound containing a Group IA metal element of the periodic table is one or more of an alkaline carbonate and an alkaline acetate formed by a Group IA element of the periodic table; the surfactant is one or more of an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant; (3) Under mixing conditions, the material stream A obtained in step (1) and the material stream B obtained in step (2) are mixed evenly and reacted to obtain a binder.

2. The method for preparing a binder according to claim 1, wherein: The aluminum-containing compound in step (1) is selected from one or more of alumina, aluminum hydroxide, pseudo-boehmite, and aluminum isopropoxide, preferably alumina.

3. The method for preparing a binder according to claim 1, wherein: The clay in step (1) is selected from one or more of bentonite, silica magnesia, kaolin, rectorite, hydrotalcite, montmorillonite, and diatomite, preferably kaolin.

4. The method for preparing a binder according to claim 1, wherein: The alkali solution in step (1) is one or more of an inorganic alkali solution and an organic alkali solution, selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethylamine, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide.

5. The method for preparing a binder according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the aluminum-containing compound, clay, and alkali solution in step (1) is 1:(0.01 - 10):(0.1 - 20), preferably 1:(0.1 - 1):(1 - 5).

6. The method for preparing a binder according to claim 1, wherein: The treatment conditions in step (1) are as follows: the treatment temperature is 30 - 100 °C, preferably 40 - 50 °C.

7. The method for preparing a binder according to claim 1, wherein: The compound containing a Group IA metal element of the periodic table in step (2) is selected from one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium acetate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium bicarbonate, and lithium acetate, preferably one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.

8. The method for preparing a binder according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the compound containing a Group IA metal element of the periodic table, the acid solution, and the surfactant in step (2) is (0.1 - 20):(20 - 100):1, preferably (1 - 10):(40 - 80):

1.

9. The method for preparing a binder according to claim 1, wherein: The anionic surfactant in step (2) is one or more of carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, and phosphates, and is selected from one or more of sodium stearate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium cetyl phosphate, and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate.

10. The method for preparing the binder according to claim 1, wherein: The non-ionic surfactant in step (2) is one or more of polyoxyethylene derivatives, alkylolamides, polyol monofatty acid esters, alkyldimethylamine oxides, and N-alkylpyrrolidones, and is selected from one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, coconut fatty acid diethylamide, glycerol fatty acid ester, dodecyldimethylamine oxide, and lauryl pyrrolidone.

11. The method for preparing the binder according to claim 1, wherein: The acid solution in step (2) is an inorganic acid solution and / or an organic acid solution, and is selected from one or more of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and formic acid solution, preferably one or more of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid, and more preferably nitric acid.

12. The method for preparing the binder according to claim 1, wherein: The treatment conditions in step (2) are as follows: the treatment temperature is 30-100 °C, preferably 40-50 °C.

13. The method for preparing the binder according to claim 1, wherein: The treatment conditions in step (3) are as follows: the treatment temperature is 30-100 °C, preferably 50-90 °C.

14. A binder obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-13.

15. A carbon dioxide adsorbent, the preparation method of which is to uniformly mix a carrier, a binder, and an active component to form a slurry; then obtain the carbon dioxide adsorbent after shaping, drying, and calcining, wherein the binder is the binder obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-13 or the binder according to claim 14.

16. The carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 15, wherein: The proportion of micropores in the pore structure of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is 10% to 60%, preferably 20% to 40%.

17. The carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 15, wherein: The attrition index of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is 0.1% to 10%, preferably 0.5% to 5%.

18. The carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 15, wherein: The carrier is one or more of alumina microspheres, silica-alumina spheres, and silica spheres, preferably alumina microspheres.

19. The carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 15, wherein: The active component is one or more of carbonates formed by elements of Group IA, and is selected from one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, lithium carbonate, and lithium bicarbonate, preferably one or more of potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.

20. The carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 15, wherein: The drying temperature is 50 to 300 °C, preferably 80 to 180 °C, and the calcination temperature is 300 to 800 °C, preferably 300 to 500 °C; the calcination is carried out in the presence of an inert atmosphere.

21. Use of the carbon dioxide adsorbent according to any one of claims 15-20 in the carbon dioxide adsorption process.