Crushing device for recycling lithium batteries

Abstract

The crushing device comprises a feeding module, a detection module, a self-adaptive crushing mechanism, a first-stage flow dividing mechanism, a fire extinguishing bin and a second-stage flow dividing mechanism, the feeding module is used for conveying and feeding batteries to be crushed, and the detection module is arranged on the right upper side of the feeding module and connected with the self-adaptive crushing mechanism through a support; the self-adaptive crushing mechanism is used for receiving a to-be-crushed battery conveyed by the feeding module and performing crushing treatment on the to-be-crushed battery by adopting two schemes according to a detection result of the CCD detection module, the self-adaptive crushing mechanism comprises a rack, a low-temperature bin, a normal-temperature bin, a crushing module and a conical discharging channel, and the first-stage shunting mechanism is connected with the conical discharging channel; and the first-stage shunting mechanism is used for shunting and guiding out deflagration battery fragments and normal battery fragments in the crushing process. Precise crushing, classification, fire extinguishing and shunting of batteries are achieved through the multi-stage crushing treatment device, and the explosion or fire risk occurring in the crushing process is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of lithium battery recycling, and specifically to a crushing device for lithium battery recycling. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of electronic products and the rapid development of new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, as a high-efficiency energy storage device, are widely used in various fields such as consumer electronics, energy storage devices, and electric vehicles. However, with the sharp increase in the usage of lithium batteries, the problem of battery recycling and treatment has become increasingly prominent. During the use of lithium batteries, internal structural damage may occur due to factors such as overcharging, over-discharging, external short circuits, or impacts, leading to serious safety accidents such as explosions and fires. Especially when the battery is already damaged or aged, improper handling will pose a huge safety hazard.

[0003] After the inventor's retrieval, the current patent solutions for the crushing and recycling of lithium batteries are as follows: 1) Patent No. CN116851105B discloses a waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device. In this patent application, it includes a machine base, a water tank, a crushing device, a spraying device, and a scraping device. The water tank is fixed on the machine base and is provided with a connection port; the crushing device includes a crushing component and a crushing box. The crushing component has a feed port and a discharge port. The crushing box is connected and communicated with the feed port. The crushing component is fixed on the water tank and is connected and communicated with the connection port through the discharge port, so that the waste lithium battery to be crushed can be crushed by the crushing component in the crushing box and then enter the water tank; the spraying device is fixed on the machine base and is used to spray water into the crushing box; the scraping device is used to clean the materials floating on the water surface in the water tank. The present invention cuts the waste lithium battery underwater through the spraying device, avoiding the safety hazard of explosion during the crushing of waste lithium batteries. At the same time, the scraping device screens the plastic materials generated after the crushing of waste lithium batteries and floating on the water surface from the metal fragments precipitated underwater.

[0004] 2) Patent No. CN116727081B discloses a multi-component sorting device for lithium battery crushing materials and its working method. In this patent application, it includes: a conveying member adapted to convey the lithium battery crushing materials after primary crushing; and a sorting mechanism including a sorting plate and a driving component; wherein the sorting plate is adapted to divide the lithium battery crushing materials after primary crushing into three categories of crushing materials and synchronously drive the driving component to move; an auxiliary separation mechanism adapted to extrude the second and third categories of crushing materials; and a guiding mechanism including a deflection component and first, second, and third channels. The driving component is connected to the deflection component and drives the deflection component to deflect, guiding the three categories of crushing materials into the first, second, and third channels respectively.

[0005] 3) Publication number CN118594724A discloses a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling device. In this patent application, it includes a lower box body, a base, and an upper box body. A shredding mechanism is arranged inside the lower box body. The shredding mechanism includes two cooperating upper shredding rollers. Two cooperating lower shredding rollers are arranged below the two upper shredding rollers. The two lower roller shafts are also respectively rotatably connected to mounting support one and mounting support two. An adjusting component one for driving mounting support one and mounting support two to approach or move away from each other is also installed on the lower box body. A connecting plate is also installed between the longitudinally corresponding upper roller shaft and lower roller shaft. The connecting plate is also correspondingly connected to mounting support one and mounting support two through adjusting component two. The shredding mechanism also includes a driving component. The crushing mechanism is used for crushing the waste lithium batteries shredded by the two lower shredding rollers. The present invention realizes the integrated and efficient processing of pre-shredding, secondary shredding, and crushing of lithium batteries as a whole, meeting the expected effect.

[0006] Although the above several lithium battery crushing and recycling solutions have achieved the crushing, sorting, and recycling of waste lithium batteries to a certain extent, they still have some technical defects and safety hazards. The specific problems are as follows: 1. Safety hazards and explosion risks: Underwater cutting technology (publication number CN116851105B): This solution avoids the explosion risk during the crushing of lithium batteries by performing crushing underwater. Although underwater cutting can reduce the explosion risk to a certain extent, the liquid in water may not completely contain the internal chemical reactions of the battery, and the water vapor and heat changes generated during the crushing process may still trigger reactions. In addition, the treatment in water may cause pollution of electronic waste in water, especially the heavy metal ions present in some batteries.

[0007] Failure to accurately identify flammable and explosive batteries (publication numbers CN116851105B and CN116727081B): Existing recycling systems fail to efficiently and real-time distinguish explosive batteries from normal batteries, posing certain safety hazards. Even through underwater crushing or mechanical sorting, if abnormal batteries cannot be identified in the first time during the processing, serious accidents may still occur.

[0008] 2. Low degree of intelligence: Excessive manual operation intervention (publication number CN116727081B): The automation degree of existing recycling equipment is low, usually requiring manual monitoring or operation, which may lead to human errors. Especially in the case of a relatively high risk of battery explosion, it is impossible to react in time, increasing the danger and complexity of the operation.

[0009] Lack of intelligent recognition and dynamic adjustment (Publication No. CN116851105B and Publication No. CN118594724A): These solutions lack the ability to intelligently identify and dynamically process different types of batteries. For example, in the actual processing, explosive batteries and ordinary batteries may be mixed into the same batch, and the lack of targeted processing methods may lead to unnecessary safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a crushing device for lithium battery recycling, which realizes precise crushing, classification, fire extinguishing and diversion of batteries through a multi-stage crushing device, and avoids the risk of explosion or fire during the crushing process.

[0011] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A crushing device for lithium battery recycling, comprising: A feeding module for conveying and feeding the batteries to be crushed; A detection module, arranged directly above the feeding module and connected to the adaptive crushing mechanism through a bracket; An adaptive crushing mechanism for receiving the batteries to be crushed conveyed by the feeding module and adopting two schemes to crush and process the batteries to be crushed according to the detection results of the CCD detection module. The adaptive crushing mechanism includes a frame, a low-temperature bin, a normal-temperature bin, a crushing module and a conical feeding channel. The frame is supported on a plane, the low-temperature bin and the normal-temperature bin are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the frame and are connected by a bottom plate between them. A through feeding groove is provided on the low-temperature bin, the normal-temperature bin and the bottom plate, and a guide rail is provided outside the feeding groove; The conical feeding channel is a channel structure with a large upper end and a small lower end, and the upper end of the conical feeding channel is communicated with the feeding groove; A primary diversion mechanism, configured to be connected to the conical feeding channel. The primary diversion mechanism is used to divert and export the fragments of the deflagrating batteries and the fragments of the normal batteries during the crushing process. The primary diversion mechanism includes a Y-shaped channel, a switching valve plate and an electric push rod. The Y-shaped channel is arranged upside down, and a secondary channel A and a secondary channel B are provided at the lower end of the Y-shaped channel; A fire extinguishing bin, arranged directly below the secondary channel A. The fire extinguishing bin is used to receive and extinguish the fragments of the deflagrating batteries exported by the secondary channel A. When explosive battery fragments are detected, the secondary channel A will import these fragments into the fire extinguishing bin for timely fire extinguishing treatment. This greatly improves the safety of the recycling process and avoids possible fire or explosion incidents; A secondary diversion mechanism, arranged directly below the secondary channel B. The secondary diversion mechanism is used to classify and export the fragments of the normal batteries exported by the secondary channel B.

[0012] Preferably, the feeding module is an inclined feeding machine, and the feeding module is connected to one side of the adaptive crushing mechanism through a side frame.

[0013] Preferably, the detection module is a first CCD detection unit for identifying and detecting explosive batteries and non-explosive batteries in the batteries to be broken.

[0014] Preferably, the crushing module is arranged between the low-temperature bin and the normal-temperature bin. The bottom of the crushing module is slidably connected to the guide rail through a track motor. The crushing module moves along with the track motor and moves along the guide rail into the low-temperature bin or the normal-temperature bin for crushing treatment.

[0015] Preferably, the crushing module includes a feeding hopper, a casing, pre-crushing rods and crushing rollers. The feeding hopper is installed on the upper side of the casing. The pre-crushing rods are installed inside the feeding hopper. An inclined channel communicating with the feeding port of the casing is arranged inside the feeding hopper. A cylindrical sieve frame is arranged on the lower side of the casing. A quick discharge port is hinged at the bottom of the sieve frame. The design of the quick discharge port can quickly discharge the fragments of the deflagrating battery from the crushing system in a very short time, avoiding the fragments from continuing to cause other fires or explosion incidents in the equipment. Crushing rollers are arranged inside the sieve frame. Both the crushing rollers and the pre-crushing rods are driven by a driving device.

[0016] Preferably, a main channel is arranged at the upper end of the Y-shaped channel, and the main channel is connected to the discharge port of the conical feeding channel. A switching valve plate is arranged inside the Y-shaped channel, and an electric push rod for driving the switching valve plate to act is arranged outside the Y-shaped channel. The electric push rod drives the switching valve plate to act and enables the fragments of the deflagrating battery and the fragments of the normal battery to be respectively led out through the auxiliary channel A and the auxiliary channel B.

[0017] Preferably, the secondary shunting mechanism includes a belt conveyor, an aggregate plate, a shunting component and a material distribution channel. The belt conveyor is used for receiving the fragments of the normal batteries led out through the auxiliary channel B, and an aggregate plate is arranged on the belt conveyor. The aggregate plate is an aggregate channel with a small rear end and a large front end. A second CCD detection unit is arranged directly above the aggregate plate, and a shunting component is arranged at the rear end of the aggregate plate.

[0018] Preferably, the shunting component includes a steering gear, a swing arm and a directional guiding channel. The steering gear is installed on the upper side of the frame of the belt conveyor, and the end of the steering gear shaft is connected to the directional guiding channel through the swing arm.

[0019] Preferably, one end of the directional guiding channel is butted against the rear end of the aggregate plate, and the other end of the directional guiding channel is close to the material distribution channel. There are multiple groups of material distribution channels. A receiving groove is arranged at the tail side of each material distribution channel. The steering gear drives the swing arm to act based on the detection result of the second CCD detection unit and enables the directional guiding channel to direct the fragments of the normal batteries into the material distribution channels, and the fragments are output to the receiving grooves for storage through the material distribution channels.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The solution of the present invention provides an efficient and safe lithium battery recycling solution through the comprehensive application of intelligent CCD detection technology, low-temperature crushing, and a shunt fire extinguishing system. It can not only effectively distinguish between flammable and explosive batteries and normal batteries, but also adopt corresponding treatment methods according to the characteristics of different types of batteries, greatly reducing the risks during the recycling process.

[0021] The specific technical effects are as follows: 1. The present invention uses CCD detection technology to accurately identify batteries and real-time detect whether the batteries belong to the explosive or flammable type. Before crushing, the explosive batteries will be guided to the low-temperature crushing bin for treatment, avoiding explosion accidents caused by misoperation from the source. The low-temperature crushing treatment effectively reduces the chemical reaction rate inside the battery and reduces the possibility of thermal runaway of lithium batteries. Under low-temperature conditions, the viscosity of the electrolyte inside the battery increases, effectively reducing the risks of explosion and fire.

[0022] 2. Based on the CCD detection technology, the present invention can achieve dynamic shunting, enabling efficient classification of different components (such as metals, plastics, paper films, etc.) in waste lithium batteries, and can real-time detect the types of battery fragments and automatically adjust the sorting path to ensure the efficiency and accuracy during the sorting process.

[0023] 3. The primary sorting mechanism of the present invention can cooperate with the quick discharge port to quickly export the burning battery fragments when crushing and deflagration occur in the low-temperature bin and normal-temperature bin. The primary sorting mechanism adjusts the shunting direction through the coordinated action of the switching valve plate and the electric push rod, and quickly guides the burning battery fragments into a safe area (such as a fire extinguishing bin) for fire extinguishing treatment. The efficiency of this mechanism ensures a quick response at the moment of explosion, avoiding the spread of fire over a larger area.

[0024] 4. The present invention integrates functions such as crushing, sorting, fire extinguishing, and recycling. It can not only handle the conventional fragments of lithium batteries but also meet the treatment requirements for special batteries such as explosive and flammable ones. The system can flexibly adapt to different types and states of waste lithium batteries, with strong market adaptability. In addition, modules such as crushing, sorting, and fire extinguishing can be operated independently or in combination according to requirements, improving the flexibility and scalability of the system and meeting the recycling needs of different scales. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a partial structural diagram of the adaptive crushing mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the adaptive crushing mechanism, the feeding module, and the detection module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4Schematic diagram of the primary diversion mechanism and the conical feeding channel in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the secondary diversion mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Feeding module; 2. Detection module; 3. Adaptive crushing mechanism; 301. Frame; 302. Low-temperature bin; 303. Normal-temperature bin; 304. Material receiving hopper; 305. Machine shell; 306. Pre-crushing rod; 307. Crushing roller; 308. Sieve frame; 309. Conical feeding channel; 4. Primary diversion mechanism; 401. Y-shaped channel; 402. Switching valve plate; 403. Electric push rod; 5. Fire extinguishing bin; 6. Secondary diversion mechanism; 601. Belt conveyor; 602. Aggregating plate; 603. Second CCD detection unit; 604. Steering gear; 605. Swing arm; 606. Directional guiding channel; 607. Material distribution channel. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0030] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a crushing device for lithium battery recycling, including a feeding module 1, a detection module 2, an adaptive crushing mechanism 3, a primary shunt mechanism 4 and a fire extinguishing chamber 5.

[0031] In this embodiment, the feeding module 1 is used for transporting and feeding the batteries to be crushed. The feeding module 1 is an inclined feeding machine, and the feeding module 1 is connected to one side of the adaptive crushing mechanism through a side frame.

[0032] In this embodiment, the detection module 2 is arranged directly above the feeding module 1 and is connected to the adaptive crushing mechanism through a bracket. The detection module 2 is a first CCD detection unit for identifying and detecting the explosive batteries and non-explosive batteries in the batteries to be crushed.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 2 - 4 , in this embodiment, the adaptive crushing mechanism 3 is used to receive the batteries to be crushed transported by the feeding module 1 and perform crushing treatment on the batteries to be crushed according to the detection results of the CCD detection module 2. The adaptive crushing mechanism 3 includes a frame 301, a low-temperature chamber 302, a normal-temperature chamber 303, a crushing module and a conical feeding channel 309. Among them, the frame 301 is supported on a plane. The low-temperature chamber 302 and the normal-temperature chamber 303 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the frame 301 and are connected by a bottom plate between them. A through feeding groove is provided on the low-temperature chamber 302, the normal-temperature chamber 303 and the bottom plate, and a guide rail is provided outside the feeding groove; the crushing module is arranged between the low-temperature chamber 302 and the normal-temperature chamber 303. The bottom of the crushing module is slidably connected to the guide rail through a track motor. The crushing module moves along with the track motor and moves along the guide rail into the low-temperature chamber 302 or the normal-temperature chamber 303 for crushing treatment; the crushing module includes a receiving hopper 304, a housing 305, a pre-crushing rod 306 and a crushing roller 307. Among them, the receiving hopper 304 is installed on the upper side of the housing 305. The pre-crushing rod 306 is installed inside the receiving hopper 304. An inclined channel communicating with the feeding port of the housing 305 is provided inside the receiving hopper 304; a cylindrical sieve frame 308 is provided on the lower side of the housing 305. A quick discharge port (not shown in the figure) is hinged at the bottom of the sieve frame 308. A crushing roller 307 is arranged inside the sieve frame 308. Both the crushing roller 307 and the pre-crushing rod 306 are driven by a driving device; the conical feeding channel 309 is a channel structure with a large upper end and a small lower end. The upper end of the conical feeding channel 309 is communicated with the feeding groove.

[0034] In this embodiment, the entire crushing device is controlled by a control system. The CCD detection unit feeds the detection results back to the control system so that the adaptive crushing mechanism 3 can automatically switch the crushing scheme according to the type of battery. The adaptive crushing mechanism 3 relies on the CCD detection unit to identify the batteries conveyed by the feeding module 1. This unit can monitor the status of the batteries in real time, identify whether the batteries are flammable and explosive batteries, and judge the type and external characteristics of the batteries through an image processing system. Through this step, the system can distinguish between explosive batteries and ordinary batteries and determine whether special treatment is required. The adaptive crushing mechanism 3 automatically selects an appropriate crushing bin according to the battery detection results. If the battery is determined to be of the flammable and explosive type, the system will automatically convey the battery to the low-temperature bin 302 for crushing in a low-temperature environment; if it is an ordinary battery, it will be conveyed to the normal-temperature bin 303 for conventional crushing. Inside the low-temperature bin 302, the crushing operation of the battery will be carried out under low-temperature conditions, which helps to slow down the chemical reaction rate inside the battery and avoid the occurrence of thermal runaway. The low-temperature treatment increases the viscosity of the electrolyte in the battery, thereby reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion or explosion of the battery. For ordinary batteries, the crushing mechanism in the normal-temperature bin 303 is processed in a conventional manner to ensure a safe and efficient crushing process.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 4 , in this embodiment, the primary shunt mechanism 4 is configured to be connected to the conical feeding channel 309. The primary shunt mechanism 4 is used to shunt and export the fragments of the deflagrating batteries and the normal battery fragments during the crushing process. The primary shunt mechanism 4 includes a Y-shaped channel 401, a switching valve plate 402 and an electric push rod 403. The Y-shaped channel 401 is arranged upside down. The lower end of the Y-shaped channel 401 is provided with a secondary channel A and a secondary channel B. The upper end of the Y-shaped channel 401 is provided with a main channel, and this main channel is connected to the discharge port of the conical feeding channel 309; a switching valve plate 402 is arranged inside the Y-shaped channel 401, and an electric push rod 403 for driving the switching valve plate 402 to act is arranged outside the Y-shaped channel 401. The electric push rod 403 drives the switching valve plate 402 to act and enables the fragments of the deflagrating batteries and the normal battery fragments to be exported through the secondary channel A and the secondary channel B respectively. The switching valve plate 402 is equipped in the primary sorting mechanism. This valve plate cooperates with the electric push rod 403 to quickly introduce the fragments of the deflagrating batteries into a safe area (such as the fire extinguishing bin 5) for fire extinguishing treatment by adjusting the direction of the shunt channel. The high efficiency of this mechanism ensures a quick response at the moment of explosion and avoids the spread of fire over a larger area. The primary sorting mechanism, through its efficient cooperation with the quick discharge port, can quickly export and timely process the deflagrating battery fragments when deflagration occurs in the low-temperature bin 302 or the normal-temperature bin 303.

[0036] In this embodiment, the fire extinguishing bin 5 is configured under the positive lower side of the secondary channel A. The fire extinguishing bin 5 is used to receive the fragments of the deflagrating batteries exported by the secondary channel A and carry out fire extinguishing treatment.

[0037] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 5 - 6 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a crushing device for lithium battery recycling, including a feeding module 1, a detection module 2, an adaptive crushing mechanism 3, a primary shunt mechanism 4, a fire extinguishing chamber 5 and a secondary shunt mechanism 6. The secondary shunt mechanism 6 is arranged on the lower side of the secondary channel B. The secondary shunt mechanism 6 is used to classify and export the normal battery fragments exported from the secondary channel B. The secondary shunt mechanism 6 includes a belt conveyor 601, an aggregate plate 602, a shunt component and a material distribution channel 607. Among them, the belt conveyor 601 is used to receive the normal battery fragments exported from the secondary channel B, and the aggregate plate 602 is arranged on the belt conveyor 601; the aggregate plate 602 is an aggregate channel with a small rear end and a large front end, and a second CCD detection unit 603 is arranged on the upper side of the aggregate plate 602, and a shunt component is arranged at the rear end of the aggregate plate 602; the shunt component includes a steering gear 604, a swing arm 605 and a directional guiding channel 606. Among them, the steering gear 604 is installed on the upper side of the frame 301 of the belt conveyor 601, and the shaft end of the steering gear 604 is connected to the directional guiding channel 606 through the swing arm 605; one end of the directional guiding channel 606 is docked with the rear end of the aggregate plate 602, and the other end of the directional guiding channel 606 is close to the material distribution channel 607. There are multiple groups of material distribution channels 607, and a receiving groove is arranged at the tail side of each material distribution channel 607. The steering gear 604 drives the swing arm 605 to act based on the detection result of the second CCD detection unit 603 and makes the directional guiding channel 606 direct the normal battery fragments into the material distribution channel 607, and the material distribution channel 607 outputs them to the receiving groove for storage.

[0038] The secondary shunt mechanism 6 is mainly responsible for further sorting and guiding the normal battery fragments during the crushing process to different recycling channels, so as to achieve more refined material recycling. Its working principle combines automated sorting, detection, and guiding mechanisms, and the specific steps are as follows: 1) Introduction of the secondary channel B: During the crushing process, the normal battery fragments are shunted to the secondary channel B through the primary sorting mechanism. The secondary channel B is responsible for receiving the normal battery fragments, while the detonated battery fragments are introduced into the fire extinguishing chamber 5. In this way, the work of the secondary shunt mechanism 6 mainly focuses on the subsequent processing of the normal battery fragments.

[0039] 2) Receiving and preliminary screening by the belt conveyor 601: The secondary shunt mechanism 6 receives the normal battery fragments exported from the secondary channel B through the belt conveyor 601. The function of the belt conveyor 601 is to evenly transport the fragments to the next processing link, ensure the smooth transportation of the materials, and through the movement of the belt conveyor 601, the fragments can be further screened and classified.

[0040] 3) Precise monitoring of the second CCD detection unit 603: The second CCD detection unit 603 is installed above the aggregate plate 602 and is used to monitor the debris conveyed by the belt conveyor 601 in real time. This detection unit can analyze the composition and size of the debris and identify the type of debris (such as metal, plastic, diaphragm, etc.) in real time. Based on this information, the system can dynamically adjust the diversion and guiding paths to ensure that the debris can be sorted in a predetermined direction. The second CCD detection unit 603 feeds back the detection results to the control system to precisely guide the subsequent diversion actions so as to guide different types of debris into the correct recycling channels.

[0041] 4) Automatic guiding function of the diversion component: The swing arm 605 drives the directional guiding channel 606 to change its direction through the drive of the servo motor 604. One end of the directional guiding channel 606 is connected to the rear end of the aggregate plate 602, and the other end is close to the material distribution channel 607. In this way, after passing through the directional guiding channel 606, the debris can be precisely sent into multiple material distribution channels 607.

[0042] 5) Debris sorting and recycling: The directional guiding channel 606 guides the normal battery debris into multiple material distribution channels 607, and a receiving slot is provided at the end of each material distribution channel 607. These material distribution channels 607 are respectively responsible for collecting different categories of battery debris, such as metal, plastic, diaphragm, etc. Each material distribution channel 607 diverts the debris into the receiving slot, and the receiving slot is used to collect the sorted different materials and finally send them to the corresponding recycling and processing links. This process enables different types of materials to be efficiently classified and recycled, improving resource utilization and reducing interference in subsequent processing links.

[0043] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pulverizing device for recycling lithium batteries, characterized in that: include: A feeding module (1), used for conveying and feeding batteries to be crushed; The detection module (2) is arranged on the upper side of the feeding module (1) and is connected to the adaptive crushing mechanism through a bracket; The self-adaptive crushing mechanism (3) is used to receive the batteries to be crushed conveyed by the feeding module (1), and the self-adaptive crushing mechanism (3) comprises a frame (301), a low-temperature bin (302), a normal-temperature bin (303), a crushing module and a conical discharge channel (309), wherein the frame (301) is supported on a plane, the low-temperature bin (302) and the normal-temperature bin (303) are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the frame (301) and are connected via a bottom plate, the low-temperature bin (302), the normal-temperature bin (303) and the bottom plate are provided with a through discharge trough, and a guide rail is provided on the outer side of the discharge trough; the conical discharge channel (309) is a channel structure with a large upper end and a small lower end, and the upper end of the conical discharge channel (309) is connected to the discharge trough; The primary flow diversion mechanism (4) is configured to be connected to the conical discharge channel (309), and the primary flow diversion mechanism (4) is used to divert and discharge the explosive battery fragments and normal battery fragments during the crushing process. The primary flow diversion mechanism (4) comprises a Y-shaped channel (401), a switching valve plate (402) and an electric push rod (403). The Y-shaped channel (401) is inverted, and a secondary channel A and a secondary channel B are provided at the lower end of the Y-shaped channel (401); A fire extinguishing chamber (5) is arranged directly below the auxiliary channel A, and is used to receive and extinguish the explosive battery fragments guided out of the auxiliary channel A; The secondary diversion mechanism (6) is arranged directly below the secondary channel B, and is used to classify and divert normal battery fragments diverted from the secondary channel B.

2. A pulverizing device for recycling lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading module (1) is an inclined loading machine, and the loading module (1) is connected to one side of the adaptive crushing mechanism via a side frame.

3. A pulverizing device for recycling lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module (2) is a first CCD detection unit used to identify and detect explosive batteries and non-explosive batteries in batteries to be crushed.

4. A pulverizing device for recycling lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing module is arranged between the low-temperature bin (302) and the normal-temperature bin (303); the bottom of the crushing module is slidably connected to the guide rail via a track motor; the crushing module moves along the guide rail with the movement of the track motor to the low-temperature bin (302) or the normal-temperature bin (303) for crushing.

5. A lithium battery recycling pulverizing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The crushing module comprises a receiving hopper (304), a casing (305), a pre-crushing rod (306) and a crushing roller (307), wherein the receiving hopper (304) is mounted on the upper side of the casing (305), the pre-crushing rod (306) is mounted inside the receiving hopper (304), and an inclined channel connected to a feeding port of the casing (305) is provided inside the receiving hopper (304).

6. A pulverizing device for recycling lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cylindrical screen frame (308) is provided at the lower side of the casing (305), a quick discharge port is hingedly mounted at the bottom of the screen frame (308), a crushing roller (307) is arranged inside the screen frame (308), and the crushing roller (307) and the pre-crushing rod (306) are driven by a driving device.

7. A lithium battery recycling pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A main channel is provided at the upper end of the Y-shaped channel (401), and the main channel is connected to the discharge port of the conical discharge channel (309). A switching valve plate (402) is provided on the inner side of the Y-shaped channel (401), and an electric push rod (403) for driving the switching valve plate (402) to move is provided on the outer side of the Y-shaped channel (401). The electric push rod (403) drives the switching valve plate (402) to move, and enables the explosive battery fragments and the normal battery fragments to be discharged from the auxiliary channel A and the auxiliary channel B respectively.

8. A pulverizing device for recycling lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary flow diversion mechanism (6) comprises a belt conveyor (601), a material collecting plate (602), a flow diversion component and a material diversion channel (607), wherein the belt conveyor (601) is used to receive normal battery fragments guided out of the secondary channel B, and the material collecting plate (602) is arranged on the belt conveyor (601); the material collecting plate (602) is a material collecting channel with a small rear end and a large front end, a second CCD detection unit (603) is arranged on the upper side of the material collecting plate (602), and a flow diversion component is arranged at the rear end of the material collecting plate (602).

9. A pulverizing device for recycling lithium batteries according to claim 8, characterized in that: The flow diversion component comprises a steering gear (604), a swing arm (605) and a directional guide channel (606), wherein the steering gear (604) is mounted on the upper side of a frame (301) of a belt conveyor (601), and the shaft end of the steering gear (604) is connected to the directional guide channel (606) via the swing arm (605).

10. A pulverizing device for recycling lithium batteries according to claim 9, characterized in that: One end of the directional guide channel (606) is butted against the rear end of the collecting plate (602), and the other end of the directional guide channel (606) is close to the material distribution channel (607). The material distribution channel (607) is provided with a plurality of groups, and a material receiving trough is provided at the rear side of each material distribution channel (607). The steering gear (604) drives the swing arm (605) to move based on the detection result of the second CCD detection unit (603) and enables the directional guide channel (606) to guide the normal battery fragments in a directional manner to the material distribution channel (607), and the material distribution channel (607) outputs the normal battery fragments to the material receiving trough for storage.

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