Three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional embedded type interface evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of preparation of photo-thermal interface evaporation materials, the three-dimensional embedded type interface evaporator is manufactured by embedding modified sponge and modified cactus, and two materials with different hydrophilicity are embedded together to form the three-dimensional embedded type interface evaporator. According to the present invention, the water transmission path and the interface evaporation of the evaporator are perfectly balanced, the sunlight irradiation at the top of the evaporator is maximally utilized, the water evaporation rate of the evaporator prepared by using the method in the pure water reaches 3.96 kg / m < 2 > / h, the water evaporation rates of the evaporator in the real seawater and the saline water with the concentration of 25 wt% are respectively 2.79 kg / m < 2 > / h and 1.77 kg / m < 2 > / h, and the water evaporation rate of the evaporator in the real seawater and the saline water with the concentration of 25 wt% is substantially improved. Therefore, the three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator prepared by the method has excellent water evaporation effect and salt resistance, and has an application prospect in the fields of solar-driven interface evaporation and photo-thermal seawater desalination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photothermal interface evaporation material preparation, and in particular to a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important way to increase the source of fresh water, seawater desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis, multi-stage flash evaporation and membrane distillation have made significant progress, but there are still challenges such as high cost, dependence on fossil fuels and possible environmental problems. Solar energy has become an ideal choice for promoting seawater desalination with its advantages of safety, environmental protection, renewable, sustainable and low cost. It can not only solve the problem of freshwater shortage, but also contribute to environmental protection. In particular, the technology of interfacial evaporation using solar energy as a new method of water purification with high efficiency, low emission and sustainability has been widely used in seawater desalination, sewage treatment, brine separation and combined power generation and water production, which is of great significance in coping with the shortage of freshwater resources.

[0003] In the process of solar desalination interfacial evaporation, the transmission process of transporting water from the bottom to the evaporation surface plays a vital role. If the water supply speed is too low, it will lead to insufficient water supply, resulting in a reduction in the amount of water in the evaporator, thereby reducing the evaporation efficiency; and if the water supply speed is too fast, it will cause water to overflow to the surface of the interfacial evaporation material, causing the surface temperature of the evaporator to decrease, thereby reducing the evaporation rate. Current solar interfacial evaporation systems usually use more complex structures to construct water transmission channels, such as using ready-made three-dimensional porous materials such as sponges, wood, non-woven fabrics or cotton cores as water transmission media. There are also methods to create water channels through 3D printing technology. Although these methods are effective, they increase the complexity of the system and are not conducive to large-scale promotion and application.

[0004] In the related technology, the journal "Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering" discloses a PP-CS@ENR aerogel, which is achieved by controlling the unilateral deposition of polypyrrole (Ppy) by in-situ polymerization and then modifying it with hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); the journal "Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects" discloses a polypyrrole aerogel, which is obtained by treating the pyrrole monomer to obtain a polypyrrole aerogel; the Chinese invention patent with application number 202411653876.6 discloses a three-dimensional polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, which combines a few-layer FLG and α-type Bi 2 O 3Ppy was doped into polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, and Ppy was vapor deposited on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain a three-dimensional modified polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.

[0005] In actual use, the only interface for PP-CS@ENR aerogel to obtain solar radiation is its top, and the evaporation surface is too single, resulting in a waste of light energy; in polypyrrole aerogel, although in addition to the top surface, there are also side surfaces that can obtain solar radiation, but in its actual application, it is often necessary to use foam boards or EVA foams to fix them in the evaporation interface, and the foam boards do not have an evaporation function, which causes light waste on their lateral evaporation interfaces; in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, although both its lateral and longitudinal interfaces can receive light, the evaporator is made entirely of one material, which makes the hydrophilicity of the materials of the lateral evaporation surface and the longitudinal evaporation surface of the evaporator the same, but the water transmission distances are different, which will cause the water transmission of the two evaporation surfaces to affect each other, thereby reducing the evaporation efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional interfacial evaporator with high evaporation efficiency and easy to promote in view of the above problems.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: After pre-treating the cactus to soften the pulp and remove sugars and impurities, the pre-treated cactus is immersed in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Cactus, and then a photocatalytic solution CTS is prepared, and one end of the TP-Cactus is immersed in the CTS solution to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus. Finally, the surface of the CTS@TP-Cactus is coated with a pyrrole solution and an oxidant solution to perform a polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus;

[0009] S2, preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: wash the sponge and immerse it in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Sponge, then coat the surface of TP-Sponge with a CTS solution to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge, and finally coat the surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with a pyrrole solution and an oxidant solution to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge;

[0010] S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, both cactus and sponge have rich multi-scale pore structures and excellent water transmission performance. Tea polyphenols are used as cross-linking agents to modify cactus and sponge to improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the two materials. CTS solution is coated on the outer surfaces of the two materials as a photocatalytic heat-insulating coating. Finally, polypyrrole is grown on the outer surfaces of the two materials by chemical polymerization. Compared with the original direct carbonization, energy consumption is avoided and the hydrophilicity inside the material is retained, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency of the two materials. The two materials are embedded so that the water transmission distances of the horizontal evaporation surface and the longitudinal evaporation surface are different, so that each material can design a perfect water transmission path according to its own hydrophilicity, and they do not affect each other, thereby having the unique advantage of obtaining solar radiation energy and environmental energy in all directions, maximizing energy utilization efficiency, and the manufacturing materials are easy to obtain, the manufacturing method is simple, and it is easy to promote and apply.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into pieces and put them into water, heat and stir at 60-70℃, wipe off excess water from the pulp after heating and stirring, cool it with liquid nitrogen, freeze-dry it after cooling, and then immerse it in a tea polyphenol solution for 2-3h, dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ after immersion, and obtain TP-Cactus after drying. Then prepare a photocatalytic solution CTS, immerse one end of TP-Cactus in the CTS solution for 2-4h, then take it out and dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ for 10-20min to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus, finally coat the pyrrole solution on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus, and then coat the ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 50-70mM on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus to which pyrrole has been added, and obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus after polymerization;

[0014] S2, preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: clean the sponge, cut it into cylinders and immerse it in tea polyphenol solution for 2-3h, dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ after immersion, and obtain TP-Sponge after drying. Then, coat the surface of TP-Sponge with CTS solution, put it in an oven at 50-70℃ and dry it for 0.5-1.5h to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge. Finally, coat the pyrrole solution on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge, and then coat the ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 50-70mM on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge to which pyrrole has been added, and obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge after polymerization.

[0015] S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into the several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, in which the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the lateral photothermal material is 0-1 cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 0.5-1.5 cm.

[0016] Preferably, in the above preparation method technical solution, the step S1 is specifically:

[0017] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into 1cm*1cm*2cm blocks and put them into water. Heat and stir them at 65℃ and 600r / min for 36h. Change the water every four hours. Wipe off the excess water from the pulp after heating and stirring, cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5min, put it into a freeze dryer for 20h, immerse it in 5% tea polyphenol solution for 2h, take it out after immersion and dry it in a 60℃ oven for 1h. Repeat three times. After the last drying, TP-Cactus is obtained, and then the photocatalytic solution CTS is prepared. One end of TP-Cactus was immersed in CTS solution for 2 hours with an immersion depth of 1 cm, then taken out and placed in a 60°C oven to dry for 10 minutes, then immersed in CTS solution for a second time for 2 hours, then taken out and placed in a 60°C oven to dry for 10 minutes, and CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained after drying. Finally, pyrrole solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus, and then ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 60 mM was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus to which pyrrole had been added, and Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained after polymerization for 1 hour.

[0018] Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical solution of the preparation method, the coating method of the pyrrole solution in S1 is: using a pipette to absorb the pyrrole solution and evenly coating it on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus, every 1cm 2 Apply 40 μL.

[0019] Preferably, in the above preparation method technical solution, the step S2 is specifically:

[0020] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: Clean the sponge and cut it into cylinders with a height of 1 cm. Immerse it in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 hour. Take it out after immersion and dry it in a 60°C oven for 0.5 hour. Repeat three times. After the last drying, TP-Sponge is obtained. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of TP-Sponge. Put it in a 60°C oven and dry it for 0.5 hour. Repeat three times. After the last drying, CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution is coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge. Then, ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 60 mM is coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge to which pyrrole has been added. After polymerization for 1 hour, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained.

[0021] Preferably, in the above-mentioned preparation method, the coating method of the CTS solution in S2 is: using a pipette to absorb the prepared CTS solution and evenly coating it on the surface of the TP-Sponge, every 1 cm 2 Apply 40 μL; the coating method of the pyrrole solution in S2 is: use a pipette to absorb the pyrrole solution and evenly apply it on the surface of the CTS layer of the CTS@TP-Sponge with pyrrole added, every 1 cm 2 Apply 40 μL.

[0022] Preferably, in the above preparation method technical solution, step S3 is specifically:

[0023] S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and embedded into the several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, in which the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the lateral photothermal material is 0.5cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.

[0024] Preferably, in the above-mentioned preparation method technical scheme, the configuration method of the CTS solution in S1 and S2 is as follows: 0.05g of nano-titanium dioxide particles, 0.25g of carbon nanotubes, and 0.07g of sodium dodecyl sulfate are added to 25ml of deionized water, and magnetically stirred at 40°C for 1h, with the stirring speed of 600r / min.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the specific steps and condition parameters of the preparation method are optimized to improve the performance of the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator.

[0026] A second aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator obtained by any of the preparation methods described above.

[0027] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator in solar-driven interface evaporation and photothermal seawater desalination.

[0028] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1. Both cactus and sponge have rich multi-scale pore structures and excellent water transmission properties. Tea polyphenols are used as cross-linking agents to modify cactus and sponge to improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the two materials. CTS solution is coated on the outer surface of the two materials as a photocatalytic thermal insulation coating. Finally, polypyrrole is grown on the outer surface of the two materials by chemical polymerization. Compared with the original direct carbonization, energy consumption is avoided and the hydrophilicity of the material is retained, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency of the two materials.

[0030] 2. By using two materials for interlocking, the water transmission distances of the horizontal evaporation surface and the vertical evaporation surface are different, so that each material can adaptively change the water transmission path without affecting each other, thus having the unique advantage of obtaining solar radiation energy and environmental energy in all directions, and maximizing energy utilization efficiency.

[0031] 3. The evaporator prepared by this method has a water evaporation rate of 3.96 kg / m under sunlight. 2 / h, and the evaporation rate of water in real seawater is still as high as 2.79kg / m 2 / h, and in 25wt% salt water, it also showed 1.77kg / m 2 / h water evaporation rate, which reflects the excellent water evaporation effect and salt resistance of the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator.

[0032] 4. The present invention uses modified sponge and modified cactus to make a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator. The materials are easy to obtain and the production method is simple. By embedding two materials with different hydrophilicities together, not only a perfect balance is achieved between the water transmission path and the interface evaporation of the evaporator, but also the solar radiation on the top is maximized. This provides a good strategy for the technology of solar seawater desalination interface evaporation to move from the laboratory to engineering practice, which is convenient for promotion and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of water evaporation of the products prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present application under sunlight;

[0034] Figure 2 The products prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present application are exposed to sunlight (1000W / m 2 ) is a graph showing the evaporation rate of water in a beaker over time within 1 hour under irradiation;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a graph of the water evaporation rate of the product prepared in Example 2 of the present application in North Sea seawater and 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, and 25wt% sodium chloride aqueous solutions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications or equivalent substitutions based on the understanding of the technical scheme of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, and all should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] The raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are as follows: cactus was freshly purchased from the market, the sponge was cleaned with a used mop, tea polyphenols (CAS No.: 84650-60-2) were provided by Guilin Ruyi Biological Company, nano titanium dioxide particles (CAS No.: 13463-67-7, particle size 20 nm) were provided by MacLean Company, carbon nanotubes (CAS No.: 308068-56-7) were provided by Guilin Ruyi Biological Company, sodium dodecyl sulfate (CAS: 151-21-3) were provided by Guilin Ruyi Biological Company, ammonium persulfate (CAS: 7727-54-0) were provided by Guilin Ruyi Biological Company, pyrrole solution (≥99%, abbreviated as py; CAS: 109-97-7) were provided by Guilin Ruyi Biological Company,

[0038] The information of instruments and equipment is as follows: liquid nitrogen (liquid nitrogen) was provided by Guilin Xinhongyi Gas Company, freeze dryer (LC-10N-60A) was provided by Lichen Technology Company, oven (LC-101-3) was provided by Lichen Technology Company, and magnetic stirrer (DF-101S) was provided by Lichen Technology Company.

[0039] The English abbreviations in this application are compared with the Chinese as follows: Cactus, Tea Polyphenols (TP), Tea Polyphenols-Cactus (TP-Cactus), Photocatalytic solution (Catalytic solution, CTS solution), Tea Polyphenols-Cactus coated with photocatalytic thermal solution (CTS@TP-Cactus), Polypyrrole (Ppy), Polypyrrole / Tea Polyphenols-Cactus coated with photocatalytic thermal solution (Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge), Sponge, Tea Polyphenols-Sponge (TP-Sponge), Tea Polyphenols-Sponge coated with photocatalytic thermal solution (CTS@TP-Sponge), Polypyrrole / Tea Polyphenols-Sponge coated with photocatalytic thermal solution (Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge).

[0040] For other specific conditions not specified, the experiments were carried out according to conventional conditions or those recommended by the manufacturer. Reagents or instruments used without indicating the manufacturer were conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0041] 1. Preparation Example

[0042] CTS solution preparation

[0043] Add 0.05g of nano-titanium dioxide particles, 0.25g of carbon nanotubes, and 0.07g of sodium dodecyl sulfate to 25ml of deionized water, place on a magnetic stirrer, adjust the parameters as follows: the stirring speed is 600r / min, the temperature is 40°C, and magnetic stirring is performed for 1h to obtain a CTS solution, which is ready for use.

[0044] 2. Embodiment

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A method for preparing a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Pre-treat the cactus to soften the pulp and remove sugars and impurities, immerse the pre-treated cactus in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Cactus, then prepare a photocatalytic solution CTS, immerse one end of the TP-Cactus in the CTS solution to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus, and finally coat the surface of the CTS@TP-Cactus with a pyrrole solution and an oxidant solution to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus.

[0048] Specifically, the cactus is peeled, the pulp of the leaves is cut into 1cm*1cm*2cm blocks and put into water, heated and stirred at 60°C and a rotation speed of 600r / min for 36 hours, and the water is changed every four hours. The pulp after heating and stirring is wiped of excess water and cooled with liquid nitrogen for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, it is placed in a freeze dryer for 20 hours of freeze drying, and then immersed in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 2 hours. After immersion, it is taken out and dried in a 50°C oven for 1 hour. This is repeated three times. After the last drying, TP-C is obtained. actus, and then prepare the photocatalytic solution CTS according to the preparation example, immerse one end of TP-Cactus in the CTS solution for 1 hour, the immersion depth is 1 cm, then take it out and put it in a 50℃ oven to dry for 10 minutes, then immerse it in the CTS solution for a second time for 1 hour, then take it out and put it in a 50℃ oven to dry for 10 minutes, and obtain CTS@TP-Cactus after drying. Finally, use a pipette to coat the pyrrole solution on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus, and use a pipette gun to coat the pyrrole solution on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus every 1 cm. 2 40 μL was coated, and then a 50 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus to which pyrrole had been added, and Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained after polymerization for 1 h.

[0049] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: wash the sponge and immerse it in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Sponge. Then, coat the surface of TP-Sponge with a CTS solution to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge. Finally, coat the surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with a pyrrole solution and an oxidant solution to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge.

[0050] Specifically, the sponge was cleaned and cut into cylinders with a height of 1 cm, immersed in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 h, taken out and dried in a 70 ° C oven for 1 h, and repeated twice. After the last drying, TP-Sponge was obtained, and then the CTS solution was coated on the surface of TP-Sponge using a pipette gun, and the CTS solution was coated on the surface of TP-Sponge every 1 cm. 240 μL was coated and placed in a 50 °C oven to dry for 1.5 h. After drying, CTS@TP-Sponge was obtained. Finally, the pyrrole solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge using a pipette, and the surface was dried every 1 cm. 2 40 μL was coated, and then a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge to which pyrrole had been added, and Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge was obtained after polymerization for 1 h.

[0051] S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 Specifically, the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 was used as the lateral photothermal material, and several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes were dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 was used as the longitudinal photothermal material and was embedded into the several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, in which the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the lateral photothermal material was 1cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material was 1cm.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for preparing a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into 1cm*1cm*2cm blocks and put them into water. Heat and stir them at 65℃ and 600r / min for 36h. Change the water every four hours. Wipe off the excess water from the pulp after heating and stirring, cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5min, put it into a freeze dryer for 20h, immerse it in 5% tea polyphenol solution for 2h, take it out after immersion and dry it in a 60℃ oven for 1h. Repeat three times. After the first drying, TP-Cactus was obtained. Then, the photocatalytic solution CTS was prepared according to the preparation example. One end of TP-Cactus was immersed in the CTS solution for 2 hours with an immersion depth of 1 cm. Then, it was taken out and placed in a 60°C oven for drying for 10 minutes. Then, it was immersed in the CTS solution for the second time for 2 hours. Then, it was taken out and placed in a 60°C oven for drying for 10 minutes. After drying, CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained. Finally, the pyrrole solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus using a pipette gun. Every 1 cm 2 40 μL was coated; then a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus to which pyrrole had been added, and Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained after polymerization for 1 h.

[0056] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: Clean the sponge and cut it into cylinders with a height of 1 cm. Immerse it in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 hour. Take it out after immersion and dry it in a 60°C oven for 0.5 hour. Repeat three times. After the last drying, TP-Sponge is obtained. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of TP-Sponge. Put it in a 60°C oven and dry it for 0.5 hour. Repeat three times. After the last drying, CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution is coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge. Then, ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 60 mM is coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge to which pyrrole has been added. After polymerization for 1 hour, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained.

[0057] S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and embedded into the several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, in which the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the lateral photothermal material is 0.5cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A method for preparing a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into 1cm*1cm*2cm blocks and put them into water. Heat and stir them at 70℃ and 600r / min for 36h. Change the water every four hours. Wipe off the excess water from the pulp after heating and stirring, cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5min, put it into a freeze dryer for 20h, immerse it in 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1h, take it out and dry it in a 70℃ oven for 1h, repeat three times, and finally After drying for the second time, TP-Cactus was obtained. Then, the photocatalytic solution CTS was prepared according to the preparation example. One end of TP-Cactus was immersed in the CTS solution for 2 hours with an immersion depth of 1 cm. Then, it was taken out and placed in a 70°C oven for drying for 10 minutes. Then, it was immersed in the CTS solution for the second time for 1 hour. Then, it was taken out and placed in a 60°C oven for drying for 10 minutes. After drying, CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained. Finally, the pyrrole solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus using a pipette gun. Every 1 cm 2 40 μL was coated; then a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus to which pyrrole had been added, and Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained after polymerization for 1 h.

[0061] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: Clean the sponge and cut it into 1 cm high cylinders, immerse it in 5% tea polyphenols solution for 1 h, take it out and dry it in a 50 ° C oven for 1 h, repeat three times, and get TP-Sponge after the last drying. Then, coat the surface of TP-Sponge with CTS solution, put it in a 70 ° C oven and dry it for 1 h, repeat three times, and get CTS@TP-Sponge after the last drying. Finally, use a pipette to coat the pyrrole solution on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge, every 1 cm 2 40 μL was coated, and then a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge to which pyrrole had been added, and Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge was obtained after polymerization for 1 h.

[0062] S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and embedded into the several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, in which the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the lateral photothermal material is 0cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.

[0063] 3. Comparative Examples

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] The difference from Example 1 is that the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 1 cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1.5 cm.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] The difference from Example 1 is that the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 1 cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 0.5 cm.

[0068] 4. Performance Testing Experiment

[0069] 1. Water evaporation rate detection experiment

[0070] The three-dimensional chimeric interface evaporators prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were placed in a beaker containing 100 mL of water and irradiated with simulated sunlight using a xenon lamp (Cel-S500) equipped with an AM1.5 filter. A solar meter (SM206-Solar) was used to calibrate the sunlight intensity to maintain it at one sunlight (1000 W / m 2 ), an electronic balance (AX224ZH / E) was used to record the mass loss of water in the beaker to measure the interfacial evaporation capacity of the sample.

[0071] The products obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to water evaporation tests. The results of the changes in the mass of water in the beakers of different samples with the solar irradiation time under one sunlight are shown in the following table: Figure 2 shown.

[0072] The evaporation rate is given by formula (1):

[0073]

[0074] Among them, △m (kg) represents the mass change of the evaporation system, t (h) represents the evaporation time, S (m 2 ) is the effective evaporation area of ​​the evaporator.

[0075] Under the condition of sunlight irradiation, the evaporation rate of water in the beaker and different samples changes with the increase of irradiation time. It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of time, the evaporation rate of each evaporator is improved. Among them, the evaporation rate of the product prepared in Example 2 can reach 3.96kg / m 2 / h, which is higher than that of Example 1, Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. Therefore, Example 2 is the optimal embodiment of this method, which proves that the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator of the present invention has excellent water evaporation effect.

[0076] 2. Salt tolerance test

[0077] Since Example 2 is the optimal embodiment of this method, this experiment uses the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator prepared in Example 2 for detection. In order to study the effect of aqueous solutions with different salt concentrations on the evaporation performance of the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, deionized water and sodium chloride were used to prepare sodium chloride aqueous solutions with mass fractions of 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, and 25wt%, respectively, and the product prepared in Example 2 for water evaporation experiments. In addition, this study also collected seawater from the Beihai Sea in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the product prepared in Example 2 for water evaporation experiments. The average salinity of the seawater is about 3.5wt%.

[0078] The results of water evaporation rate of the evaporator prepared by this method under different salt concentrations are as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the evaporation rate of the product prepared in Example 2 in real seawater is still as high as 2.79 kg / m 2 / h, and in 25wt% salt water, it also showed 1.77kg / m 2 / h of water evaporation rate, which reflects that the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator prepared by this method has excellent salt resistance.

[0079] 3. Performance comparison

[0080] In addition, the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator prepared in Example 2 of the present invention was compared with the water evaporation rate of other publicly available interface evaporation materials. It was found that the water evaporation rate and salt resistance of the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator prepared by the present invention were both excellent. The water evaporation rate and salt resistance of the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator in tap water were 3.96 kg / m 2 The water evaporation rate of 1000 Å / h and the water evaporation rate in brine of different concentrations exceed those of a large number of photothermal materials reported in the field (see Table 1).

[0081] Table 1 Comparison of evaporation rates of materials in Example 2 and existing reports

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] In summary, the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator prepared by this method reaches 3.96 kg / m 2 / h, and also exhibited an excellent evaporation rate in salt water, which proved that the three-dimensional mosaic interfacial evaporator prepared by this method has application prospects in the fields of solar-driven interfacial evaporation and photothermal seawater desalination.

[0085] The present invention proposes for the first time a three-dimensional mosaic solar interface evaporator formed by a transverse photothermal sponge and a longitudinal carbon-based photothermal material. The three-dimensional mosaic solar interface evaporator is significantly different from the traditional interface evaporator. At present, most solar interface evaporators find it difficult to maximize solar radiation and balance water transmission and interface evaporation. The present invention uses modified sponges and modified cacti to produce a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator. The two materials with different hydrophilicities are mosaicked together, and the transverse modified sponge and the longitudinal modified cactus are mosaicked. The protrusion height and arrangement interval of the longitudinal carbon-based photothermal material are adjusted to make the water transmission distances of the transverse evaporation surface and the longitudinal evaporation surface different, so that each material can adaptively change the water transmission path without affecting each other, thereby having the unique advantage of obtaining solar radiation energy and environmental energy in all directions, and maximizing energy utilization efficiency. This provides a good strategy for the technology of solar seawater desalination interface evaporation to move from the laboratory to engineering practice.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: After pre-treating the cactus to soften the pulp and remove sugars and impurities, the pre-treated cactus is immersed in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Cactus, and then a photocatalytic solution CTS is prepared, and one end of the TP-Cactus is immersed in the CTS solution to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus. Finally, the surface of the CTS@TP-Cactus is coated with a pyrrole solution and an oxidant solution to perform a polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus; S2, preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: wash the sponge and immerse it in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Sponge, then coat the surface of TP-Sponge with a CTS solution to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge, and finally coat the surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with a pyrrole solution and an oxidant solution to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge; S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into pieces and put them into water, heat and stir at 60-70℃, wipe off excess water from the pulp after heating and stirring, cool it with liquid nitrogen, freeze-dry it after cooling, and then immerse it in a tea polyphenol solution for 2-3h, dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ after immersion, and obtain TP-Cactus after drying. Then prepare a photocatalytic solution CTS, immerse one end of TP-Cactus in the CTS solution for 2-4h, then take it out and dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ for 10-20min to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus, finally coat the pyrrole solution on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus, and then coat the ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 50-70mM on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus to which pyrrole has been added, and obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus after polymerization; S2, preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: clean the sponge, cut it into cylinders and immerse it in tea polyphenol solution for 2-3h, dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ after immersion, and obtain TP-Sponge after drying. Then, coat the surface of TP-Sponge with CTS solution, put it in an oven at 50-70℃ and dry it for 0.5-1.5h to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge. Finally, coat the pyrrole solution on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge, and then coat the ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 50-70mM on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge to which pyrrole has been added, and obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge after polymerization. S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into the several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, in which the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the lateral photothermal material is 0-1 cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 0.5-1.5 cm.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into 1cm*1cm*2cm blocks and put them into water. Heat and stir them at 65℃ and 600r / min for 36h. Change the water every four hours. Wipe off the excess water from the pulp after heating and stirring, cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5min, put it into a freeze dryer for 20h, immerse it in 5% tea polyphenol solution for 2h, take it out after immersion and dry it in a 60℃ oven for 1h. Repeat three times. After the last drying, TP-Cactus is obtained, and then the photocatalytic solution CTS is prepared. One end of TP-Cactus was immersed in CTS solution for 2 hours with an immersion depth of 1 cm, then taken out and placed in a 60°C oven to dry for 10 minutes, then immersed in CTS solution for a second time for 2 hours, then taken out and placed in a 60°C oven to dry for 10 minutes, and CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained after drying. Finally, pyrrole solution was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus, and then ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 60 mM was coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus to which pyrrole had been added, and Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained after polymerization for 1 hour.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The coating method of the pyrrole solution in S1 is: use a pipette to absorb the pyrrole solution and evenly coat it on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus, every 1 cm 2 Apply 40 μL.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: Clean the sponge and cut it into cylinders with a height of 1 cm. Immerse it in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 hour. Take it out after immersion and dry it in a 60°C oven for 0.5 hour. Repeat three times. After the last drying, TP-Sponge is obtained. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of TP-Sponge. Put it in a 60°C oven and dry it for 0.5 hour. Repeat three times. After the last drying, CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution is coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge. Then, ammonium persulfate solution with a concentration of 60 mM is coated on the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Sponge to which pyrrole has been added. After polymerization for 1 hour, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coating method of the CTS solution in S2 is: use a pipette to absorb the prepared CTS solution and evenly coat it on the surface of TP-Sponge, every 1cm 2 Apply 40 μL; the coating method of the pyrrole solution in S2 is: use a pipette to absorb the pyrrole solution and evenly apply it on the surface of the CTS layer of the CTS@TP-Sponge with pyrrole added, every 1 cm 2 Apply 40 μL.

7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: S3, mosaic: The Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the lateral photothermal material, and several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are dug in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and embedded into the several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, in which the protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the lateral photothermal material is 0.5cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.

8. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the CTS solution in S1 and S2 is as follows: 0.05 g of nano titanium dioxide particles, 0.25 g of carbon nanotubes, and 0.07 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate are added to 25 ml of deionized water, and the mixture is magnetically stirred at 40° C. for 1 h, with a stirring speed of 600 r / min.

9. A three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator, characterized in that: The method is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Application of the three-dimensional mosaic interface evaporator according to claim 9 in solar-driven interface evaporation and photothermal seawater desalination.

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