A multi-element biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of wheat and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-element biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biochar-based fertilizer.The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer includes the following preparation raw materials: urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, multi-element biochar-based microbial agent and attapulgite powder.The multi-element biochar-based microbial agent is prepared from biochar and multi-element microbial agent.The biochar is obtained by carbonization of sugar beet molasses yeast waste residue.The strains for preparing the multi-element microbial agent include azo pseudomonas strain, bacillus subtilis and Candida tropicalis strain.The effective viable bacterial count of the multi-element microbial agent is greater than or equal to 500 million / mL.The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer prepared by the application has the effect of preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases, and the prevention and treatment effects on wheat basal stem rot and wheat sharp eyespot reach more than 80%, which can reduce the use of chemical pesticides, save money and labor, and reduce environmental pollution.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of biochar-based fertilizer, and more particularly to a multi-element biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wheat is one of the main food crops, and maintaining the stable yield of wheat is of great significance to the development of modern agriculture. The production of wheat is severely restricted by diseases and pests, and wheat soil-borne diseases are becoming more and more serious, mainly wheat basal stem rot and sheath blight. The yield of wheat is reduced, and the quality is poor, so preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases has become the key to improving the yield and quality of wheat. The pathogenic bacteria of wheat basal stem rot mainly include Fusarium pseudograminearum, F. graminearum and F. culmorum. The pathogenic bacteria of wheat sheath blight are Rhizotonia cerealis and Rhizotonia solani. These diseases have become an important factor affecting the yield and quality of wheat in China, especially the incidence of wheat basal stem rot has increased year by year in recent years, and has become a major disease affecting the safe production of wheat. At present, chemical pesticides are still the main method for preventing and treating wheat basal stem rot and sheath blight, but the use of chemical pesticides will pollute the environment, and improper use will also harm people's health, and the long-term use of chemical pesticides will also make the pathogenic bacteria resistant. Therefore, biological control of wheat basal stem rot and sheath blight has become one of the main methods.

[0003] At present, the wheat fungicide mainly uses a single strain, and the research on multi-strain complex fungicide for comprehensive prevention and treatment of wheat basal stem rot and sheath blight is still very few. The existing wheat fungicide has a short survival time in soil and a short action period, and has poor disease resistance effect. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a wheat fungicide with a long survival time in soil, a more durable action, and the ability to provide essential nutrients for crop growth, promote crop growth, and improve the disease resistance of crops. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-element biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, prepare a wheat fungicide with a long survival time in soil, a more durable action, and the ability to provide essential nutrients for crop growth, promote crop growth, and improve the disease resistance of crops, and achieve the purposes of effective prevention and treatment of wheat soil-borne diseases and wheat yield increase.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present application: provide a kind of multi-element biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and treating wheat soil-borne disease, comprising the following mass percentage of preparation raw materials:

[0007] Urea 27-40%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 15-25%, potassium sulfate 15-25%, multi-element biochar-based microbial agent 18-30% and attapulgite powder 5-10%;

[0008] The multi-element biochar-based microbial agent is prepared from biochar and multi-element microbial agent;

[0009] The biochar is obtained by carbonization of sugar beet molasses yeast waste residue;

[0010] The strains for preparing the multi-element microbial agent include azo pseudomonas strain, bacillus subtilis strain and candida tropicalis strain; the effective viable bacterial count of the multi-element microbial agent is ≥ 500 million / mL.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation of the biochar comprises the following steps:

[0012] The sugar beet molasses yeast waste residue is sequentially dried and carbonized to obtain the biochar;

[0013] The carbonization temperature is 480-520 DEG C, and is further preferably 500 DEG C; the carbonization time is 4-6 h.

[0014] Preferably, the azo pseudomonas strain, bacillus subtilis strain and candida tropicalis strain are in a ratio of 0.1-1:0.1-1:0.1-1 in terms of colony forming units.

[0015] The present application provides a green and environmentally friendly multi-element biochar-based fertilizer which has microbial activity, can release nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and can effectively prevent and treat wheat soil-borne diseases, wherein the azo pseudomonas strain, bacillus subtilis strain and candida tropicalis strain have no special nutritional requirements and no antagonistic effect among strains, and can be used together to simultaneously antagonize multiple pathogenic bacteria and promote crop growth, thereby significantly improving the prevention and treatment effect of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer on wheat soil-borne diseases, especially wheat basal stem rot and wheat sharp eyespot.

[0016] The application can promote the effective utilization of the waste residue, reduce the pollution of the waste residue to the environment, and enrich the pore structure of the obtained biochar and increase the content of the surface active groups of the biochar.

[0017] The second technical scheme of the application provides a preparation method of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer, and comprises the following steps:

[0018] The multi-element biochar-based microbial agent is prepared by mixing the azotobacter strain, the bacillus subtilis strain, the candida tropicalis strain and the molasses aqueous solution, and then performing first culture to obtain the multi-element microbial agent; and the multi-element microbial agent and the biochar are placed in a microbial agent culture solution for second culture to obtain the multi-element biochar-based microbial agent.

[0019] The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer is prepared by coating the urea, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium sulfate and the multi-element biochar-based microbial agent, adding attapulgite powder during the coating, and spraying a polyvinyl alcohol solution to obtain the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of the molasses to water in the molasses aqueous solution is 1-2:90-100, the molasses includes beet molasses; the mass ratio of the total mass of the azotobacter strain, the bacillus subtilis strain and the candida tropicalis strain to the mass of the molasses in the molasses aqueous solution is 1:1-2; the temperature of the first culture is 20-30 DEG C, and the time of the first culture is 8-12 days.

[0021] Preferably, the microbial agent culture solution is a sugar aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 3.5-4.5, the sugar in the sugar aqueous solution is beet white sugar; the mass ratio of the multi-element microbial agent to the biochar is 1:1-5; the temperature of the second culture is 20-30 DEG C, and the time of the second culture is 12-36 hours.

[0022] Further, the second culture is constant-temperature shaking culture, and the rotation speed is 180-220 r / min.

[0023] Preferably, the particle size of the biochar is less than 2 mm; and the water content of the multi-element biochar-based microbial agent is less than 8 wt%.

[0024] Further, the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 3-5%.

[0025] The polyvinyl alcohol solution has no special limitation in the amount, as long as the coating is completed.

[0026] Further, the rotating speed of the coating is 60-70 r / min, and the coating time is 20-40 min.

[0027] The third technical scheme of the present application provides the application of the above-mentioned multi-element biochar-based fertilizer in the field of wheat planting.

[0028] The fourth technical scheme of the present application provides a method for preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases, comprising the following steps: applying the above-mentioned multi-element biochar-based fertilizer during the planting of wheat.

[0029] The application amount of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer is 40-50 kg / acre.

[0030] The present application discloses the following technical effects:

[0031] 1. The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer prepared by the present application has the effect of preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases, can reduce the application of chemical pesticides, save money and labor, and reduce environmental pollution.

[0032] 2. The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer prepared by the present application has the effect of preventing and treating wheat stem base rot and wheat sharp eyespot, and the prevention and treatment effect reaches more than 80%.

[0033] 3. The present application uses sugar beet molasses yeast waste residue to prepare biochar, and the obtained biochar has rich pore structure and contains a large number of active groups on the surface, so that the microecological environment is rich, and the activity of fermentation substances is provided, which provides a stable habitat for the multi-element microbial agent, protects the microorganisms from the influence of the adverse environment of the soil, is beneficial to the survival and reproduction of the loaded multi-element microbial agent, thereby ensuring that the disease-resistant complex microbial flora has high activity, large quantity, long disease resistance duration, and significantly prolongs the time efficiency of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Now, a plurality of exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in detail, which should not be considered as a limitation of the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application.

[0035] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. Additionally, for a range of values of, for example, a parameter, an intermediate value of the parameter is specifically contemplated. Each of these intermediate values is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate values of the parameter are contiguous values of the parameter between the upper and lower limits of the range. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can independently be included or excluded in the ranges.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, the preferred methods and materials are described. All publications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the publications are cited. The citation of any reference in this specification is not an admission that it is prior art.

[0037] Many modifications and variations of this application can be made in the light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Additional implementations of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. The specification and examples given are exemplary only.

[0038] As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having", "contains", "containing", or variations thereof, are intended to be open-ended terms that mean inclusion, but not limited to, the listed material or step.

[0039] The sugar beet molasses yeast waste residue involved in the examples and comparative examples of the present application is the dried substance after the residue liquid of the yeast bacteria after the production of sugar beet molasses.

[0040] The azotobacter pseudomonas strain (Pseudomonas azotoformans) HPS-211 involved in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present application is provided by the Plant Protection and Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has been disclosed in the document "CN117844703A", and was preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on January 10, 2023, with the preservation number CCTCC NO: M 2023059; the bacillus subtilis QK-1 is provided by the Plant Protection and Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has been disclosed in the document "CN113881599A", and was preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on August 6, 2021, with the preservation number CCTCC NO: M 2021996; the candida tropicalis strain (Candida tropicalis) with the preservation number CCTCCAY92045 is purchased from Hubei Qiming Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., and has been disclosed in the document "CN102838389A"; the implementation of the technical solutions of the present application is not only dependent on the azotobacter pseudomonas strain, bacillus subtilis and candida tropicalis strain from the above-mentioned specific purchase channels and sources and specific strain numbers, and other purchase channels and sources of azotobacter pseudomonas strain, bacillus subtilis and candida tropicalis strain can also achieve the present application.

[0041] The common compound fertilizer involved in the test examples of the present application is purchased from Huaxin Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., and the contents of N, P2O5 and K2O are 18wt%, 7wt% and 11wt%, respectively.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] The present embodiment provides preparation of the multi-element biochar-based microbial agent, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0044] (1) Preparation of active biochar: the residue liquid after the production of yeast bacteria from beet molasses is subjected to spray drying to obtain beet molasses yeast waste residue, which is placed in a biochar preparation furnace and carbonized at 500 DEG C for 4h to obtain biochar. The biochar is crushed and then passed through a 2mm sieve to obtain undersize material for use (the performance parameters of the obtained biochar are shown in Table 1);

[0045] (2) Preparation of multi-element microbial agent: the azotobacter pseudomonas strain, bacillus subtilis strain and candida tropicalis strain are mixed in a colony forming unit (CFU) number ratio of 1:1:1 with beet molasses and deionized water, and are cultured at 25 DEG C for 12d in a closed state to obtain a multi-element microbial agent with an effective viable bacterial count of 500 million / mL;

[0046] (3) Preparation of multi-element biochar-based microbial inoculum: The biochar prepared in step (1) and the multi-element microbial inoculum prepared in step (2) are added into the inoculum culture solution (i.e. 4wt% sucrose water: 4g of beet sucrose is dissolved in 96g of deionized water) according to a mass ratio of 2:1, and then placed in a constant temperature shaker at 25°C, with a rotation speed of 200r / min. After 24h of oscillation, the mixture is taken out and then vacuum spray dried to prepare a multi-element biochar-based microbial inoculum with a water content of 6wt%.

[0047] Table 1 Biochar performance parameters

[0048]

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This example provides the preparation of a multi-element biochar-based fertilizer, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0051] Urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate and the multi-element biochar-based microbial inoculum prepared in Example 1 are weighed according to a mass ratio of 4:2:2:2, respectively, and then put into a BY-300 small coating machine. Attapulgite powder is added as a regulator, accounting for 8% of the total mass of the raw materials (except for the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution). The rotation speed of the coating machine is set to 65r / min for stirring for 30min. After the materials are fully mixed, a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (binder) with a concentration of 4wt% is uniformly sprayed to granulate the materials, thereby obtaining a multi-element biochar-based fertilizer.

[0052] The above-prepared fertilizer has a biochar content of ≥9%, an effective viable bacterial count of ≥100 million / g, N, P2O5 and K2O contents of 19wt%, 9wt% and 7wt%, respectively, a total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of ≥35%, and a water content of ≤5wt%. Other indicators meet the national standard for biochar-based fertilizers: NY / T 3041-2016.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] This example provides the preparation of a multi-element biochar-based fertilizer, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0055] Urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate and the multi-element biochar-based microbial inoculum prepared in Example 1 are weighed according to a mass ratio of 3:2:2:3, respectively, and then put into a BY-300 small coating machine. Attapulgite powder is added as a regulator, accounting for 8% of the total mass of the raw materials (except for the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution). The rotation speed of the coating machine is set to 65r / min for stirring for 30min. After the materials are fully mixed, a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (binder) with a concentration of 4wt% is uniformly sprayed to granulate the materials, thereby obtaining a multi-element biochar-based fertilizer.

[0056] The above prepared fertilizer contains ≥9% biochar, effective viable bacteria count ≥120 million / g, N, P2O5, K2O content is 17wt%, 8wt%, 10wt% respectively, total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥35%, water content ≤5wt%, and other indicators meet the national standard of biochar-based fertilizer: NY / T 3041-2016.

[0057] Field application effect test example 1

[0058] In the main wheat producing area of Xiangqi community of Lishan town, Suixian county, Hubei province (113°22'18''E, 31°43'21''N), six plots with uniform soil properties and medium soil fertility were selected and divided into test fields A, B, C, D, E and a control field. The wheat planted in the six test fields was treated as follows, except for different fertilization measures, other plowing, rotary tillage, sowing, weeding, disease and pest control and mechanical harvesting methods were consistent.

[0059] The test is set as follows:

[0060] Test field A (1 mu): 50 kg of biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer prepared in example 2 per mu was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0061] Test field B (1 mu): 50 kg of biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer prepared in example 3 per mu was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0062] Test field C (1 mu): 10 kg of biochar prepared in example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (marketed) per mu was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0063] Test field D (1 mu): 10 kg of compound microbial agent prepared in example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (marketed) per mu was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0064] Test field E (1 mu): 10 kg of biochar-based compound microbial agent prepared in example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (marketed) per mu was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0065] Control field (1 mu): 50 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (marketed) per mu was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat.

[0066] Ten-point sampling method was used in each test field, 10 plants were sampled at each point, and wheat stem base rot and sheath blight were investigated, the incidence rate and control rate were recorded and counted, and the calculation method was as follows:

[0067] Incidence (%) = (number of diseased plants / total number of plants surveyed) x 100%;

[0068] Control rate (%) = ((incidence of control field-incidence of test field)) / incidence of control field x 100%.

[0069] After the wheat is harvested, the wheat field is individually picked, the wheat grain yield of the wheat field is recorded, and the yield increase rate is calculated, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0070] Yield increase rate (%) = ((wheat grain yield of test field-wheat grain yield of control field) / wheat grain yield of control field) x 100%.

[0071] The test results are shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4.

[0072] Table 2 Effect of the fertilizer of the examples and the comparative examples on the control of wheat foot rot

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Table 3 Effect of the fertilizer of the examples and the comparative examples on the control of wheat wheat sharp eyespot

[0076] Group Number of investigated plants Incidence of sheath blight (%) Control rate (%) Test field A 100 3 92.68 Test field B 100 5 87.80 Test field C 100 21 48.78 Test field D 100 18 56.10 Test field E 100 11 73.17 Check field 100 41 -

[0077] Table 4 Effect of the fertilizer of the examples and the comparative examples on the yield of wheat

[0078] Treatment Area of field Wheat grain yield (kg / mu) Yield increase rate (%) Test field A 1 mu 397.06 34.08 Test field B 1 mu 389.50 31.53 Test field C 1 mu 321.75 8.65 Test field D 1 mu 350.55 18.37 Test field E 1 mu 367.35 24.05 Check field 1 mu 296.14 -

[0079] As can be seen from the test results in Tables 2, 3 and 4, when the test is carried out in the main wheat producing area of Xingshi community (113°22′18″E, 31°43′21″N) in Li County, Hubei Province, the biochar-based composite microbial fertilizer of the present application can significantly improve the control effect of foot rot, and the control rate can reach 90.48% at most; can significantly improve the control effect of wheat sharp eyespot, and the control rate can reach 92.68% at most. After the wheat is harvested, the yield of the test field can reach 397.06 kg / mu at most, and the yield increase rate can reach 34.08% at most. Compared with the ordinary compound fertilizer of the prior art, it has significant technical progress.

[0080] Field application effect test example 2

[0081] In Huanglin Village, Xiangxian County, Hubei Province (113°5'30″E, 31°46'20″N), a main wheat producing area, six plots with uniform soil properties and medium soil fertility were selected and divided into test fields A, B, C, D, E and a control field. The wheat planted in the six test fields was treated as follows, except for different fertilization measures, other plowing, rotary tillage, sowing, weeding, pest control and mechanical harvesting methods were consistent.

[0082] The test was set up as follows:

[0083] Test field A (1 mu): 50 kg of biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer prepared in Example 2 was applied per mu, and was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0084] Test field B (1 mu): 50 kg of biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was applied per mu, and was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0085] Test field C (1 mu): 10 kg of biochar prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (marketed) was applied per mu, and was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0086] Test field D (1 mu): 10 kg of compound microbial agent prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (marketed) was applied per mu, and was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0087] Test field E (1 mu): 10 kg of biochar-based compound microbial agent prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (marketed) was applied per mu, and was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0088] Control field (1 mu): 50 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (marketed) was applied per mu, and was applied at the time of wheat sowing, and 5 kg of urea was applied at the jointing stage of wheat.

[0089] Ten-point sampling method was used in each test field, 10 plants were sampled at each point, and wheat stem base rot and sheath blight were investigated, the incidence and control rate were recorded and counted, and the calculation method was as follows:

[0090] Incidence (%) = (number of diseased plants / total number of plants investigated) x 100%;

[0091] Control rate (%) = ((incidence of control field - incidence of test field)) / incidence of control field x 100%.

[0092] After the wheat was harvested, the wheat in the test fields was harvested separately, the wheat grain yield in the wheat field was recorded, and the yield increase rate was calculated, and the calculation method was as follows:

[0093] Yield increase rate (%) = ((wheat grain yield in test field - wheat grain yield in control field) / wheat grain yield in control field) x 100%.

[0094] The test results are shown in Tables 5, 6 and 7.

[0095] Table 5 Effect of the fertilizer of the examples and the comparative examples on the control of wheat foot rot

[0096] Group Number of investigated plants Incidence of sheath blight (%) Control rate (%) Test field A 100 2 93.75 Test field B 100 3 90.63 Test field C 100 16 50.00 Test field D 100 13 59.38 Test field E 100 9 71.88 Check field 100 32 -

[0097] Table 6 Effect of the fertilizer of the examples and the comparative examples on the control of wheat wheat sharp eyespot

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Table 7 Effect of the fertilizer of the examples and the comparative examples on the yield of wheat

[0101] Treatment Area of field Wheat grain yield (kg / mu) Yield increase rate (%) Test field A 1 mu 372.17 32.79 Test field B 1 mu 365.61 30.45 Test field C 1 mu 305.69 9.07 Test field D 1 mu 329.26 17.48 Test field E 1 mu 345.72 23.35 Check field 1 mu 280.27 -

[0102] As can be seen from the test results in Tables 5, 6 and 7, when the test is carried out in Huanglin Village (113°5'30''E, 31°46'20''N) of Suixian County, a major wheat production area in Hubei Province, the biochar-based composite microbial fertilizer of the present application can significantly improve the control effect of foot rot, with the control rate being up to 93.75%; can significantly improve the control effect of wheat sharp eyespot, with the control rate being up to 92.31%. After the wheat is harvested, the yield of the test field is up to 372.17 kg / mu, and the yield increase rate is up to 32.79%. Compared with the ordinary compound fertilizer of the prior art, the present application has significant technical progress.

[0103] The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0104] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-element biochar-based fertilizer for controlling take-all and sharp eyespot of wheat, characterized by, The preparation raw materials include the following mass percentages: urea 27~40%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 15~25%, potassium sulfate 15~25%, multi-biochar-based microbial agent 18~30%, and attapulgite powder 5~10%; The multi-biochar-based microbial agent is prepared from biochar and multi-microbial agent; The biochar is obtained by carbonization of sugar beet molasses yeast waste residue; The strains for preparing the multi-microbial agent include azotobacter strain, bacillus subtilis strain, and candida tropicalis strain; the effective viable cell count of the multi-microbial agent is ≥5 billion / mL; The preparation steps of the multi-biochar-based microbial agent include: mixing the azotobacter strain, bacillus subtilis strain, and candida tropicalis strain with a molasses aqueous solution, and then performing first culture to obtain the multi-microbial agent; and placing the multi-microbial agent and biochar in an agent culture solution to perform second culture, thereby obtaining the multi-biochar-based microbial agent; The mass ratio of molasses to water in the molasses aqueous solution is 1~2:90~100, and the molasses includes sugar beet molasses; the mass ratio of the total mass of the azotobacter strain, bacillus subtilis strain, and candida tropicalis strain to the molasses in the molasses aqueous solution is 1:1~2; the temperature of the first culture is 20~30℃, and the time of the first culture is 8~12d; the agent culture solution is a sugar aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 3.5~4.5, and the sugar in the sugar aqueous solution is sugar beet white sugar; the mass ratio of the multi-microbial agent to biochar is 1:1~5; the temperature of the second culture is 20~30℃, and the time of the second culture is 12~36h; The preparation steps of the multi-biochar-based fertilizer include: mixing urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, and the multi-biochar-based microbial agent, and then performing coating; adding attapulgite powder during the coating, and spraying polyvinyl alcohol solution, thereby obtaining the multi-biochar-based fertilizer.

2. The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer of claim 1, wherein, The preparation of the biochar includes the following steps: sequentially drying and carbonizing the sugar beet molasses yeast waste residue to obtain the biochar; The temperature of the carbonization is 480~520℃, and the time of the carbonization is 4~6h.

3. The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer of claim 1, wherein, The ratio of the azotobacter strain, bacillus subtilis strain, and candida tropicalis strain in terms of colony forming unit number is 0.1~1:0.1~1:0.1~1.

4. The method of making a multi-element biochar-based fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The preparation steps include: Preparation of the multi-biochar-based microbial agent: mixing the azotobacter strain, bacillus subtilis strain, and candida tropicalis strain with a molasses aqueous solution, and then performing first culture to obtain the multi-microbial agent; and placing the multi-microbial agent and biochar in an agent culture solution to perform second culture, thereby obtaining the multi-biochar-based microbial agent; Preparation of the multi-biochar-based fertilizer: mixing urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, and the multi-biochar-based microbial agent, and then performing coating; adding attapulgite powder during the coating, and spraying polyvinyl alcohol solution, thereby obtaining the multi-biochar-based fertilizer; The mass ratio of molasses and water in the molasses aqueous solution is 1-2:90-100, and the molasses comprises sugar beet molasses; and / or the total mass of the azo Pseudomonas strain, the Bacillus subtilis strain and the Candida tropicalis strain to the mass of the molasses in the molasses aqueous solution is 1:1-2; the temperature of the first culture is 20-30℃, and the time of the first culture is 8-12d; The bacterial agent culture solution is a sugar aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 3.5-4.5, the sugar in the sugar aqueous solution is sugar beet white sugar; the mass ratio of the multi-element microbial agent to the biochar is 1:1-5; the temperature of the second culture is 20-30℃, and the time of the second culture is 12-36h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The particle size of the biochar is <2mm; and / or the water content of the multi-element biochar-based microbial agent is <8wt%.

6. Application of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3 in the field of wheat planting.

7. A method of controlling wheat take-all and wheat brown foot rot, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3 is applied during wheat planting.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The application amount of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer is 40-50kg / mu.

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