Direction finding method and device of multimode array antenna, medium and equipment
By calculating the signal and coordinate positions of the equivalent single-mode array of multimode array antennas, obtaining the noise domain feature vector and guide vector, generating success rate spectrum functions and performing spectrum peak search, the problem of difficult to calculate the incoming wave direction in multimode array antennas is solved, and high accuracy and convenience incoming wave direction determination is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311585008.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
AI Technical Summary
In multimode array antennas, due to the different antenna orientations, it is difficult to calculate the wave direction, and the prior art cannot effectively solve this problem.
By obtaining the signal vector and coordinate positions of each antenna in multiple arrays, calculate the equivalent signal vector and coordinate positions of the equivalent single-mode array, obtain the noise domain feature vector and guide vector, generate success rate spectrum functions based on these vectors, and perform spectrum peak searches to determine the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction.
The elevation angle and azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction are realized in multimode array antennas, and the convenience and accuracy of the incoming wave direction determination of the multimode array antennas are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN120044470A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of signal processing, and particularly relates to a direction finding method, device, medium and equipment for a multi-mode array antenna. Background Art
[0002] Antennas are widely used in systems such as radio and television broadcasting, point-to-point radio communication, radar, and space exploration. It can radiate electromagnetic waves into a specific direction in space or effectively receive electromagnetic waves from a specific direction in space. The ultimate goal of an antenna receiving electromagnetic waves from a specific direction in space is to determine the "direction of the radiation source", also known as the direction of arrival.
[0003] Antennas are usually set in a single-mode array manner during installation, that is, the orientation of each antenna is the same, only the positions are different. Based on the single-mode array method, the direction of arrival can be calculated based on the steering vector formula.
[0004] However, in many scenarios, due to various factors such as limited device size and different antenna forms, there may be multiple antenna modes in the antenna array, also known as the multi-mode array mode. The multi-mode array mode means that the shapes, orientations, or postures of multiple antenna modes are different. Since the antenna orientations are different, the signals received by the antennas in the multi-mode array have no correlation, are not comparable, and do not satisfy the steering vector formula. Therefore, it is difficult to calculate the direction of arrival of the antennas in the multi-mode array. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a direction finding method, device, medium and equipment for a multi-mode array antenna, mainly aiming to solve the problem that it is currently difficult to calculate the direction of arrival of the antennas in the multi-mode array.
[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, a direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna is provided. The method includes:
[0007] Obtaining a first signal vector and a first coordinate position of each first antenna in a first array, and obtaining a second signal vector and a second coordinate position of each second antenna in a second array, where the orientation of the first antenna in the first array is different from that of the second antenna in the second array, and the first array and the second array form a multi-mode array;
[0008] Calculating an equivalent signal vector of an equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector, and calculating an equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position;
[0009] Based on the equivalent signal vector, obtain the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array, and based on the equivalent coordinate position, obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array;
[0010] Based on the noise domain eigenvector and the steering vector, generate a power spectral function, perform a spectral peak search on the power spectral function, and determine the elevation angle of the wave arrival direction and the azimuth angle of the wave arrival direction.
[0011] Optionally, the calculating the equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector includes:
[0012] Obtain the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector;
[0013] Take the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector as the signal vector of an equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array;
[0014] Generate the equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the signal vectors of each equivalent array element.
[0015] Optionally, the calculating the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position includes:
[0016] Obtain the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position;
[0017] Take the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position as the coordinate position of an equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array;
[0018] Generate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element.
[0019] Optionally, the obtaining the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent signal vector includes:
[0020] Based on the equivalent signal vector, obtain the covariance matrix corresponding to the equivalent signal vector;
[0021] Perform eigenvalue orthogonal decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0022] Optionally, the obtaining the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent coordinate position includes:
[0023] Substitute the equivalent coordinate position into the single-mode array steering vector formula to obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0024] Optionally, the spectrum peak search for the power spectrum function to determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction includes:
[0025] Based on the preset range of the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the preset range of the azimuth angle, perform spectrum calculation on the power spectrum function to obtain a plurality of spectrum values;
[0026] Among the plurality of spectrum values, determine the spectrum minimum value, and use the minimum value among the plurality of spectrum values as the target spectrum value;
[0027] Respectively use the elevation angle and the azimuth angle corresponding to the target spectrum value as the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction.
[0028] Optionally, the distance interval between each element in the equivalent single-mode array is less than half a wavelength.
[0029] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a direction finding device for a multi-mode array antenna, including:
[0030] A basic data acquisition module, configured to acquire the first signal vector and the first coordinate position of each first antenna in the first array, and acquire the second signal vector and the second coordinate position of each second antenna in the second array, where the orientations of the first antennas in the first array are different from the orientations of the second antennas in the second array, and the first array and the second array form a multi-mode array;
[0031] An equivalent data acquisition module, configured to calculate the equivalent signal vector of the equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector, and calculate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position;
[0032] A steering vector acquisition module, configured to acquire the noise domain feature vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent signal vector, and acquire the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent coordinate position;
[0033] An incoming wave direction determination module, configured to generate a power spectrum function based on the noise domain feature vector and the steering vector, perform spectrum peak search on the power spectrum function, and determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction.
[0034] Optionally, the equivalent data acquisition module is further configured to:
[0035] Obtain the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector;
[0036] Use the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector as the signal vector of an equivalent element in the equivalent single-mode array;
[0037] Generate an equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the signal vectors of each equivalent array element.
[0038] Optionally, the equivalent data acquisition module is further configured to:
[0039] Obtain the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position;
[0040] Use the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position as the coordinate position of an equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array;
[0041] Generate an equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element.
[0042] Optionally, the steering vector acquisition module is further configured to:
[0043] Obtain a covariance matrix corresponding to the equivalent signal vector based on the equivalent signal vector;
[0044] Perform eigenvalue orthogonal decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain a noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0045] Optionally, the steering vector acquisition module is further configured to:
[0046] Substitute the equivalent coordinate position into the steering vector formula of the single-mode array to obtain a steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0047] Optionally, the incoming wave direction determination module is further configured to:
[0048] Perform spectral calculation on the power spectral function based on the preset elevation range and azimuth range of the incoming wave direction to obtain a plurality of spectral values;
[0049] Determine the minimum spectral value among the plurality of spectral values, and use the minimum value among the plurality of spectral values as the target spectral value;
[0050] Respectively use the elevation angle and azimuth angle corresponding to the target spectral value as the incoming wave direction elevation angle and incoming wave direction azimuth angle.
[0051] Optionally, the distance interval between each element in the equivalent single-mode array is less than half a wavelength.
[0052] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a storage medium storing at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction causes a processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned direction finding method of the multi-mode array antenna.
[0053] According to another aspect of the present application, a computer device is provided, including: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, and the processor, the memory, and the communication interface complete communication with each other through the communication bus;
[0054] The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction causes the processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned direction finding method of the multi-mode array antenna.
[0055] By means of the above technical solutions, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention at least have the following advantages:
[0056] A direction finding method, device, equipment and medium of a multi-mode array antenna provided by the present application calculate an equivalent signal vector of an equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array according to a first signal vector of each first antenna in a first array and a second signal vector of each second antenna in a second array, obtain a noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array according to the equivalent signal vector, calculate an equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array according to a first coordinate position of each first antenna in the first array and a second coordinate position of each second antenna in the second array, obtain a steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array according to the equivalent coordinate position, generate a power spectral function based on the noise domain eigenvector and the steering vector, perform spectral calculation on the power spectral function within a preset elevation angle range and a preset azimuth angle range, determine a spectral peak from multiple spectra, and accurately determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction according to the spectral peak, solving the problem that the multi-mode array antenna cannot calculate the incoming wave direction and improving the convenience and accuracy of determining the incoming wave direction of the multi-mode array antenna.
[0057] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to be able to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention are specifically given below. Description of the Drawings
[0058] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of the present invention. And throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the drawings:
[0059] Figure 1 A flowchart of a direction finding method of a multi-mode array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown;
[0060] Figure 2Shows a schematic diagram of the multi-mode array antenna arrangement on the PCB board of the multi-mode array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0061] Figure 3 Shows a schematic diagram of the antenna arrangement position of a direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0062] Figure 4 Shows a schematic diagram of obtaining equivalent array elements of a direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0063] Figure 5 Shows a schematic diagram of converting a multi-mode array into an equivalent single-mode array of a direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0064] Figure 6 Shows a block diagram of the composition of a direction finding device for a multi-mode array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0065] Figure 7 Shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
[0066] Among them,
[0067] Figure 6 Among them: 602 - Basic data acquisition module; 604 - Equivalent data acquisition module; 606 - Steering vector acquisition module; 608 - Arrival direction determination module;
[0068] Figure 7 Among them: 702 - Processor; 704 - Communication interface; 706 - Memory; 708 - Communication bus; 710 - Program. Specific embodiments
[0069] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0070] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following combines the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments to detail the specific embodiments, structures, features, and their effects according to the present invention application. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, the specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.
[0071] Aiming at the problem that it is currently difficult to calculate the arrival direction of the antenna under a multi-mode array, the embodiment of the present application provides a direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna, as Figure 1 shown, the method includes:
[0072] 102: Obtain the first signal vector and the first coordinate position of each first antenna in the first array, and obtain the second signal vector and the second coordinate position of each second antenna in the second array, where the orientations of the first antennas in the first array are different from those of the second antennas in the second array, and the first array and the second array form a multi-mode array;
[0073] It should be noted that when two antennas are arranged in the same direction, the phase difference between the two antennas is obtained through the phase discrimination module, the distance between the two antennas is measured, and the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction can be calculated through the following formula:
[0074]
[0075] Wherein, is the phase difference between the two antennas, d is the distance between the two antennas, and λ is the signal wavelength.
[0076] To improve the accuracy of direction finding, more antennas are used to form an array. For example, a linear array is formed, and the linear array arranged in the same direction uses the music algorithm to calculate the incoming wave direction.
[0077] However, in practice, there are many cases where antennas cannot be arranged in the same direction. For example, when using multiple sides of a PCB board, an array pattern as shown in Figure 2 will appear. This array is no longer a single-mode array, and the signals received by the horizontal antennas and the vertical antennas cannot be calculated together. For the installation of some ceramic antennas, the most suitable installation method is to install them on the edge of the PCB board. For example, the inverted F antenna needs to be arranged on the edge of the PCB board. When making an array with these antennas, it is difficult to accurately calculate the incoming wave direction due to different antenna orientations.
[0078] In this embodiment, take the Figure 3 shown dual-mode 6-antenna array as an example. Horizontally are antennas a, b, c, and vertically are antennas 1, 2, 3, and there is only one signal source, is the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction. The coordinate position and signal vector of each antenna are obtained respectively. The signal vectors on antennas a, b, c are:
[0079]
[0080]
[0081]
[0082] Wherein, X a is the first signal vector of antenna a, x a is the x-axis coordinate of antenna a, y a is the y-axis coordinate of antenna a, za is the z-axis coordinate of antenna a, t is time, X b is the first signal vector of antenna b, x b is the x-axis coordinate of antenna b, y b is the y-axis coordinate of antenna b, z b is the z-axis coordinate of antenna b, X c is the first signal vector of antenna c, x c is the x-axis coordinate of antenna c, y c is the y-axis coordinate of antenna c, z c is the z-axis coordinate of antenna c, s(t) is the signal emitted by the signal source, and this signal is a function of time.
[0083] Antennas 1, 2, and 3 are not of the same mode as antennas a, b, and c, and an additional phase difference will be generated in the signals. Then the signal vectors on antennas 1, 2, and 3 are:
[0084]
[0085]
[0086]
[0087] Among them, X 1 is the first signal vector of antenna 1, x 1 is the x-axis coordinate of antenna 1, y 1 is the y-axis coordinate of antenna 1, z 1 is the z-axis coordinate of antenna 1, t is time, X 2 is the first signal vector of antenna 2, x 2 is the x-axis coordinate of antenna 2, y 2 is the y-axis coordinate of antenna 2, z 2 is the z-axis coordinate of antenna 2, X 3 is the first signal vector of antenna 3, x 3 is the x-axis coordinate of antenna 3, y 3 is the y-axis coordinate of antenna 3, z 3 is the z-axis coordinate of antenna 3, is the phase difference between the first array antenna and the second array antenna.
[0088] 104: Calculate the equivalent signal vector of the equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector, and calculate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position;
[0089] In this embodiment, according to the first signal vectors of each first antenna in the first array and the second signal vectors of each second antenna in the second array, the equivalent signal vector of the equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array is calculated, and according to the first coordinate positions of each first antenna in the first array and the second coordinate positions of each second antenna in the second array, the equivalent coordinate positions of the equivalent single-mode array are calculated.
[0090] The equivalent single-mode array includes a plurality of equivalent array elements. Based on any first antenna and any second antenna, the equivalent array element corresponding to the any first antenna and the any second antenna is obtained. For example, there are 3 first antennas and 2 second antennas. For each first antenna, the equivalent array elements corresponding to each second antenna are respectively obtained. The equivalent signal vector of the equivalent array element is obtained according to the signal vector of the corresponding first antenna and the signal vector of the second antenna, and the coordinate position of the equivalent array element is obtained according to the coordinate position of the corresponding first antenna and the coordinate position of the second antenna.
[0091] In another embodiment of the present invention, for further limitation and illustration, calculating the equivalent signal vector of the equivalent single-mode array based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector includes:
[0092] Obtaining the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector;
[0093] Taking the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector as the signal vector of an equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array;
[0094] Generating the equivalent signal vector of the equivalent single-mode array based on the signal vectors of each equivalent array element.
[0095] In this embodiment, dividing the first signal vector of each first antenna by the second signal vector of each second antenna to obtain the signal vector of the corresponding equivalent array element. Taking the antennas in Figure 3 as an example, dividing the first signal vectors X 1 , X 2 , X 3 of the first antennas in the first array element by the second signal vectors X a , X b , X c of the second antennas in the second array element pairwise, the following can be obtained:
[0096]
[0097]
[0098] ……
[0099]
[0100] Among them, X1a is the vector signal of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, X 1 is the first signal vector of antenna 1, x 1 is the x-axis coordinate of antenna 1, y 1 is the y-axis coordinate of antenna 1, z 1 is the z-axis coordinate of antenna 1, X a is the second signal vector of antenna a, x a is the x-axis coordinate of antenna a, y a is the y-axis coordinate of antenna a, z a is the z-axis coordinate of antenna a, x 1a is the x-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, y 1a is the y-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, z 1a is the z-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, is the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction, is the phase difference between the first array antenna and the second array antenna;
[0101] X 2a is the vector signal of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 2 and antenna a, X 2 is the first signal vector of antenna 2, x 2 is the x-axis coordinate of antenna 2, y 2 is the y-axis coordinate of antenna 2, z 2 is the z-axis coordinate of antenna 2, x 2a is the x-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 2 and antenna a, y 2a is the y-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 2 and antenna a, z 2a is the z-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 2 and antenna a;
[0102] X 3c is the vector signal of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 3 and antenna c, X 3 is the first signal vector of antenna 3, x 3 is the x-axis coordinate of antenna 3, y 3 is the y-axis coordinate of antenna 3, z 3 is the z-axis coordinate of antenna 3, X c is the second signal vector of antenna c, x c is the x-axis coordinate of antenna c, y c is the y-axis coordinate of antenna c, z c is the z-axis coordinate of antenna c, x 1a is the x-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, x 3c is the x-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 3 and antenna c, y 3cis the y-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 3 and antenna c, z 3c is the z-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 3 and antenna c.
[0103] Write the signal vector of each equivalent array element in matrix form to obtain the equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array, as shown in the following formula:
[0104]
[0105] where X is the equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0106] In another embodiment of the present invention, for further limitation and illustration, based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position, calculate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array, including:
[0107] Find the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position;
[0108] Take the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position as the coordinate position of an equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array;
[0109] Generate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element.
[0110] In this embodiment, each element in the equivalent single-mode array corresponds to a new position coordinate value. Taking Figure 3 the array of dual-mode 6 antennas as an example, the horizontal direction is antennas a, b, c, and the vertical direction is antennas 1, 2, 3, the position vector is obtained by the parallelogram rule from the anti-phase positions of antenna 1 and antenna a, as Figure 4 shown, 1 represents antenna 1, a represents antenna a, and 1a represents the equivalent array element corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a.
[0111] The positions of the new 9 equivalent array elements are:
[0112]
[0113] ...
[0115]
[0116] where, is the position of the equivalent array element corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, x 1a is the x-axis coordinate of the equivalent array element corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, y 1a is the y-axis coordinate of the equivalent array element corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, z 1ais the z-axis coordinate of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 1 and antenna a, x 1 is the x-axis coordinate of antenna 1, y 1 is the y-axis coordinate of antenna 1, z 1 is the z-axis coordinate of antenna 1, x a is the x-axis coordinate of antenna a, y a is the y-axis coordinate of antenna a, z a is the z-axis coordinate of antenna a, is the coordinate of antenna 1, is the coordinate of antenna a, is the position of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 2 and antenna a, is the coordinate of antenna 2, is the position of the equivalent array elements corresponding to antenna 3 and position c, is the coordinate of antenna 1, is the coordinate of antenna c.
[0117] By using the above method, the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element are obtained. As Figure 5 shown, the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element are written in matrix form to obtain the equivalent coordinate positions corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0118] 106: Based on the equivalent signal vector, obtain the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array. Based on the equivalent coordinate positions, obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array;
[0119] In this embodiment, the covariance matrix of the equivalent signal vector is obtained, and the covariance matrix is orthogonally decomposed to obtain the corresponding noise domain eigenvector. Substitute the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array into the steering vector formula to obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0120] In another embodiment of the present invention, for further limitation and explanation, based on the equivalent signal vector, obtaining the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array includes:
[0121] Based on the equivalent signal vector, obtain the covariance matrix corresponding to the equivalent signal vector;
[0122] Perform eigenvalue orthogonal decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0123] Specifically, for the equivalent signal vector X, the covariance matrix is obtained. Since the noise and the signal are orthogonal, we get:
[0124]
[0125] where R X is the covariance matrix, X His the transposed matrix of the equivalent signal vector, A is the steering matrix, S is the signal vector, S H is the conjugate transpose of the signal vector, A H is the conjugate transpose of the steering matrix, N is the noise vector, N H is the conjugate transpose of the noise vector, I is the identity matrix, σ s is the intensity of the noise.
[0126] Perform orthogonal decomposition on the covariance matrix R X to obtain the noise domain eigenvectors corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array. The formula for the orthogonal decomposition of the covariance matrix is:
[0127]
[0128] where U S is the signal domain eigenvector, V S is the diagonal matrix composed of the signal domain eigenvalues, U N is the noise domain eigenvector, V N is the diagonal matrix composed of the noise domain eigenvalues, U S The space spanned by U N is the signal subspace, and the space spanned by U
[0129] In another embodiment of the present invention, for further limitation and explanation, based on the equivalent coordinate positions, the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array is obtained, including:
[0130] Substitute the equivalent coordinate positions into the single-mode array steering vector formula to obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0131] In this embodiment, the formula for the steering vector is:
[0132]
[0133] where, is the steering vector, θ is the elevation angle of the incident wave direction, is the azimuth angle of the incident wave direction, x 1 , x 2 ,......x n are the x-axis coordinates of the first equivalent element, the x-axis coordinates of the second equivalent element and the x-axis coordinates of the nth equivalent element in the equivalent single-mode array respectively, y1, y 2 ,......y n are the y-axis coordinates of the first equivalent element, the y-axis coordinates of the second equivalent element and the y-axis coordinates of the nth equivalent element in the equivalent single-mode array respectively, z 1 , z 2 ,......z nThey are respectively the z-axis coordinates of the first equivalent array element, the z-axis coordinates of the second equivalent array element, and the z-axis coordinates of the nth equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array, and λ is the signal wavelength.
[0134] Specifically, substitute the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array into the above formula to obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
[0135] 108: Generate a power spectral function based on the noise subspace eigenvector sum and the steering vector, perform a spectral peak search on the power spectral function, and determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction.
[0136] In this embodiment, under ideal conditions, the noise subspace and the signal subspace are orthogonal, so:
[0137] Obtain the power spectral function
[0138] where θ is the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction, is the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction, is the transpose matrix of the steering vector, U N is the noise subspace eigenvector, is the transpose matrix of the noise subspace eigenvector. Search for θ and within the preset elevation angle range and preset azimuth angle range, that is, respectively set the values of θ and , substitute the set values into the power spectral function to obtain spectral values, determine the target spectral value among multiple spectral values, and determine the signal incoming wave direction and azimuth angle according to the target spectral value.
[0139] In another embodiment of the present invention, for further limitation and explanation, performing a spectral peak search on the power spectral function to determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction includes:
[0140] Based on the preset elevation angle range and azimuth angle range of the incoming wave direction, perform spectral calculation on the power spectral function to obtain multiple spectral values;
[0141] Among the multiple spectral values, determine the spectral minimum value, and use the minimum value among the multiple spectral values as the target spectral value;
[0142] Respectively use the elevation angle and azimuth angle corresponding to the target spectral value as the incoming wave direction elevation angle and incoming wave direction azimuth angle.
[0143] In this embodiment, the preset elevation range is 0 - 90 degrees, and the preset azimuth range is 0 - 360 degrees. Within the preset elevation range and azimuth range, an elevation value and an azimuth value are respectively set. The set elevation value and azimuth value are substituted into the power spectrum function to obtain the corresponding spectrum value. Different elevation values and different azimuth values are respectively set multiple times to obtain multiple spectrum values. For example, 90 * 360 spectrum values are obtained. The spectrum minimum value is determined among the multiple spectrum values, and this spectrum minimum value is used as the target spectrum value. The elevation and azimuth corresponding to the target spectrum value are respectively used as the elevation of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth of the incoming wave direction. The target spectrum value can be determined by the following formula:
[0144]
[0145] where θ is the elevation of the incoming wave direction, is the azimuth of the incoming wave direction, is the transposed matrix of the steering vector, U N is the noise subspace eigenvector, is the transposed matrix of the noise subspace eigenvector, is the steering vector.
[0146] In one embodiment, the distance interval between each element in the equivalent single-mode array is less than half a wavelength.
[0147] Specifically, the distance interval between each element in the equivalent single-mode array being less than half a wavelength can avoid the ambiguity of the spectrum within the entire period and further improve the direction-finding accuracy.
[0148] This application provides a direction-finding method for a multi-mode array antenna. Compared with the prior art, according to the first signal vectors of each first antenna in the first array and the second signal vectors of each second antenna in the second array, the equivalent signal vector of the equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array is calculated. According to the equivalent signal vector, the noise subspace eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array is obtained. According to the first coordinate positions of each first antenna in the first array and the second coordinate positions of each second antenna in the second array, the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array of the equivalent single-mode array is calculated. According to the equivalent coordinate position, the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array is obtained. Based on the noise subspace eigenvector and the steering vector, a power spectrum function is generated. Within the preset elevation range and preset azimuth range, the power spectrum function is subjected to spectrum calculation. The spectrum peak value is determined from multiple spectra. According to the spectrum peak value, the elevation of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth of the incoming wave direction are accurately determined, solving the problem that the multi-mode array antenna cannot calculate the incoming wave direction and improving the convenience and accuracy of determining the incoming wave direction of the multi-mode array antenna.
[0149] Further, as for the above Figure 1For the implementation of the method described above, an embodiment of the present invention provides a direction finding device for a multi-mode array antenna, as Figure 6 shown. The device includes:
[0150] A basic data acquisition module 602, configured to acquire a first signal vector and a first coordinate position of each first antenna in the first array, and acquire a second signal vector and a second coordinate position of each second antenna in the second array, where the orientations of the first antennas in the first array are different from the orientations of the second antennas in the second array, and the first array and the second array form a multi-mode array;
[0151] An equivalent data acquisition module 604, configured to calculate an equivalent signal vector of an equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector, and calculate an equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position;
[0152] A steering vector acquisition module 606, configured to acquire a noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent signal vector, and acquire a steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent coordinate position;
[0153] An incoming wave direction determination module 608, configured to generate a power spectral function based on the noise domain eigenvector and the steering vector, perform a spectral peak search on the power spectral function, and determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction.
[0154] The present application provides a direction finding device for a multi-mode array antenna. Compared with the prior art, according to the first signal vectors of each first antenna in the first array and the second signal vectors of each second antenna in the second array, an equivalent signal vector of an equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array is calculated. According to the equivalent signal vector, a noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array is acquired. According to the first coordinate positions of each first antenna in the first array and the second coordinate positions of each second antenna in the second array, an equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array is calculated. According to the equivalent coordinate position, a steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array is acquired. Based on the noise domain eigenvector and the steering vector, a power spectral function is generated. Within a preset elevation angle range and a preset azimuth angle range, spectral calculation is performed on the power spectral function, and a spectral peak is determined from multiple spectra. According to the spectral peak, the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction are accurately determined, solving the problem that the multi-mode array antenna cannot calculate the incoming wave direction, and improving the convenience and accuracy of determining the incoming wave direction of the multi-mode array antenna.
[0155] In one embodiment, the equivalent data acquisition module is further configured to:
[0156] Obtain the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector;
[0157] Take the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector as the signal vector of an equivalent array element in the equivalent uniform linear array.
[0158] Generate an equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent uniform linear array based on the signal vectors of each equivalent array element.
[0159] In one embodiment, the equivalent data acquisition module is further configured to:
[0160] Obtain the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position;
[0161] Take the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position as the coordinate position of an equivalent array element in the equivalent uniform linear array;
[0162] Generate an equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent uniform linear array based on the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element.
[0163] In one embodiment, the steering vector acquisition module is further configured to:
[0164] Obtain the covariance matrix corresponding to the equivalent signal vector based on the equivalent signal vector;
[0165] Perform eigenvalue orthogonal decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent uniform linear array.
[0166] In one embodiment, the steering vector acquisition module is further configured to:
[0167] Substitute the equivalent coordinate position into the steering vector formula of the uniform linear array to obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent uniform linear array.
[0168] In one embodiment, the incoming wave direction determination module is further configured to:
[0169] Perform spectral calculation on the power spectral function based on the preset elevation range and azimuth range of the incoming wave direction to obtain multiple spectral values;
[0170] Determine the minimum spectral value among the multiple spectral values, and take the minimum value among the multiple spectral values as the target spectral value;
[0171] Take the elevation angle and azimuth angle corresponding to the target spectral value as the incoming wave direction elevation angle and incoming wave direction azimuth angle respectively.
[0172] In one embodiment, the distance interval between each element in the equivalent uniform linear array is less than half a wavelength.
[0173] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a storage medium storing at least one executable instruction, and the computer executable instruction can execute the direction finding method of the multi-mode array antenna in any of the above method embodiments.
[0174] Figure 7 The structural schematic diagram of a computer device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The specific implementation of the computer device in the specific embodiments of the present invention is not limited.
[0175] As Figure 7 shown, the computer device may include: a processor 702, a communications interface 704, a memory 706, and a communication bus 708.
[0176] Among them: The processor 702, the communications interface 704, and the memory 706 complete mutual communication through the communication bus 708.
[0177] The communications interface 704 is used to communicate with network elements of other devices such as clients or other servers.
[0178] The processor 702 is used to execute the program 710, and specifically can execute the relevant steps in the above-mentioned embodiment of the direction finding method for the multi-mode array antenna.
[0179] Specifically, the program 710 may include program code, and the program code includes computer operation instructions.
[0180] The processor 702 may be a central processing unit CPU, or a specific integrated circuit ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present invention. One or more processors included in the computer device may be of the same type of processor, such as one or more CPUs; or may be of different types of processors, such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.
[0181] The memory 706 is used to store the program 710. The memory 706 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.
[0182] The program 710 is specifically used to cause the processor 702 to perform the following operations:
[0183] Obtain the first signal vector and the first coordinate position of each first antenna in the first array, and obtain the second signal vector and the second coordinate position of each second antenna in the second array, where the orientation of the first antenna in the first array is different from the orientation of the second antenna in the second array, and the first array and the second array form a multi-mode array;
[0184] Based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector, calculate the equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array of the multi-mode array, and based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position, calculate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array;
[0185] Based on the equivalent signal vector, obtain the noise-domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array, and based on the equivalent coordinate position, obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array;
[0186] Based on the noise-domain eigenvector and the steering vector, generate a power spectral function, perform a spectral peak search on the power spectral function, and determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction.
[0187] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned modules or steps of the present invention can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device. They can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices. In one embodiment, they can be implemented by program codes executable by the computing device. Thus, they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device. And in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here, or they can be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps among them can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module to implement. In this way, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
[0188] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent replacements within the essence and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent replacements should also be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna, characterized in that, it includes: Obtain the first signal vector and the first coordinate position of each first antenna in the first array, and obtain the second signal vector and the second coordinate position of each second antenna in the second array, wherein the orientations of the first antennas in the first array are different from those of the second antennas in the second array, and the first array and the second array form a multi-mode array; Based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector, calculate the equivalent signal vector of the equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array, and based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position, calculate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array; Based on the equivalent signal vector, obtain the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array, and based on the equivalent coordinate position, obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array; Based on the noise domain eigenvector and the steering vector, generate a power spectral function, and perform a spectral peak search on the power spectral function to determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction.
2. The direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculating the equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector includes: Find the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector; Take the quotient of each first signal vector and each second signal vector as the signal vector of an equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array; Based on the signal vectors of each equivalent array element, generate the equivalent signal vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
3. The direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculating the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position includes: Find the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position; Take the difference between each first coordinate position and each second coordinate position as the coordinate position of an equivalent array element in the equivalent single-mode array; Based on the coordinate positions of each equivalent array element, generate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
4. The direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The obtaining the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent signal vector includes: Based on the equivalent signal vector, obtain the covariance matrix corresponding to the equivalent signal vector; Perform eigenvalue orthogonal decomposition on the covariance matrix to obtain the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
5. The direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The obtaining the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent coordinate position includes: Substitute the equivalent coordinate position into the single-mode array steering vector formula to obtain the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array.
6. The direction finding method for a multi-mode array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performing a spectral peak search on the power spectral function to determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction includes: Based on the preset elevation range and azimuth range of the incoming wave direction, perform spectral calculation on the power spectral function to obtain a plurality of spectral values; Among the plurality of spectral values, determine the spectral minimum value, and use the minimum value among the plurality of spectral values as the target spectral value; Respectively use the elevation angle and azimuth angle corresponding to the target spectral value as the incoming wave direction elevation angle and incoming wave direction azimuth angle.
7. The direction finding method of a multi-mode array antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The distance interval between each element in the equivalent single-mode array is less than half a wavelength.
8. A direction finding device for a multi-mode array antenna, characterized in that, comprising: A basic data acquisition module, configured to acquire the first signal vector and the first coordinate position of each first antenna in the first array, and acquire the second signal vector and the second coordinate position of each second antenna in the second array, wherein the orientations of the first antennas in the first array are different from the orientations of the second antennas in the second array, and the first array and the second array form a multi-mode array; An equivalent data acquisition module, configured to calculate the equivalent signal vector of the equivalent single-mode array corresponding to the multi-mode array based on the first signal vector and the second signal vector, and calculate the equivalent coordinate position corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the first coordinate position and the second coordinate position; A steering vector acquisition module, configured to acquire the noise domain eigenvector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent signal vector, and acquire the steering vector corresponding to the equivalent single-mode array based on the equivalent coordinate position; An incoming wave direction determination module, configured to generate a power spectral function based on the noise domain eigenvector and the steering vector, perform spectral peak search on the power spectral function, and determine the elevation angle of the incoming wave direction and the azimuth angle of the incoming wave direction.
9. A storage medium, in which at least one executable instruction is stored, and the executable instruction causes a processor to perform operations corresponding to the direction finding method of the multi-mode array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer device, comprising: A processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, and the processor, the memory and the communication interface complete mutual communication through the communication bus; The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction causes the processor to perform operations corresponding to the direction finding method of the multi-mode array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7.