Precise feeding method and system for improving reproductive capacity of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation and control

Abstract

According to the precise feeding method and system for improving the reproductive capacity of the pregnant sows based on backfat regulation, through high-frequency backfat monitoring, staged nutrition intervention and dynamic feeding amount calculation, the problem of body condition imbalance caused by a traditional feeding mode is solved. Experimental data show that the number of live piglets can be increased by 8.5%-27.5%, the back fat fluctuation rate is reduced by 50%, and the method is remarkably superior to a traditional feeding mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sow breeding, and particularly relates to a precise feeding method and system for improving the reproductive ability of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation. Background Art

[0002] The gestation stage is a very important stage in the reproductive cycle of pigs. The goals to be achieved during the gestation stage are: increasing the number of ovulations during estrus to ensure successful mating; ensuring that the embryos can grow and develop fully in the sow's body and preventing miscarriages, etc.; ensuring that the sow can lactate smoothly and sufficiently after giving birth. Overfeeding and underfeeding of sows during pregnancy can have a great impact on the reproductive performance of sows. Therefore, it is very important to precisely control the feed intake during the gestation stage according to the body condition of the sow at the time of mating, the physiological characteristics of the sow itself, and the nutritional requirements for the growth and development of the fetus in the mother's body in different stages.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a precise feeding method for improving the reproductive ability of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a precise feeding method for improving the reproductive ability of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation, which solves the problem of low reproductive efficiency caused by unbalanced body conditions and realizes the efficient utilization of feed resources through high-frequency backfat monitoring, staged nutritional intervention, and intelligent feeding equipment linkage.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect of the present invention, a precise feeding method for improving the reproductive ability of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation is provided. The method includes:

[0007] Step S1: Measure the backfat thickness at the P2 point of the sow to obtain the real-time monitored backfat thickness BFT current ;

[0008] Step S2: Divide the initial body condition level of the sow according to BFT current :

[0009] BFT current < 14mm indicates an underweight sow, 14 - 20mm indicates a normal sow, > 20mm indicates an overweight sow;

[0010] Step S3: Calculate the dynamic feeding amount according to the initial body condition level and the following formula:

[0011] Q = Q base + k×ΔBFT, where ΔBFT = BFT target - BFT current , where:

[0012] Qbase is the basic feeding amount for each stage: during the early pregnancy stage (0 - 30 days), Q base is 1.8 - 3.0 kg / day; during the mid - early pregnancy stage (30 - 60 days), Q base is 2.4 - 3.0 kg / day; during the mid - late pregnancy stage (60 - 90 days), Q base is 2.8 - 3.0 kg / day; during the late pregnancy stage (90 - 110 days), Q base is 3.0 - 3.5 kg / day;

[0013] The k value is the backfat correction coefficient. For thin sows, the k value is 0.2 - 0.3 kg / mm; for normal and slightly fat sows, the k value is 0.1 - 0.3 kg / mm;

[0014] Step S4: Feeding in stages, including:

[0015] During the early pregnancy stage: the target backfat thickness BFTtarget = 14 - 16 mm, and a low - energy high - fiber diet is added;

[0016] During the mid - early pregnancy stage: the target backfat thickness BFT target is set to 16 - 18 mm. According to the real - time monitored backfat thickness BFT current adjust the feeding amount by ±0.3 kg / day, and add functional amino acids;

[0017] During the mid - late pregnancy stage: the target backfat thickness BFTtarget = 16 - 22 mm, Qbase = 2.8 - 3.0 kg / day, and add functional amino acids and organic trace elements;

[0018] During the late pregnancy stage: the target backfat thickness BFT target is set to 20 - 22 mm. According to the real - time monitored backfat thickness BFT current adjust the feeding amount by ±0.3 kg / day, and supplement organic trace elements synchronously;

[0019] Step S5: Dynamic adjustment strategy:

[0020] If during the mid - pregnancy stage, for 3 consecutive days, |BFT current - BFT target |≥2 mm, then Q = Qbase×0.6, and add functional amino acids to optimize energy utilization;

[0021] If during the mid - pregnancy stage, for 3 consecutive days, 1 mm≤|BFT current - BFT target |<2 mm, then Q = Qbase×0.8, and add functional amino acids to optimize energy utilization.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the specific selection basis for the k value of thin sows being 0.2 - 0.3 kg / mm and that of normal sows and fat sows being 0.1 - 0.3 kg / mm includes:

[0023] (1) Thin sows (BFTcurrent < 14 mm)

[0024] k value range: 0.2 - 0.3 kg / mm

[0025] Selection basis:

[0026] Physiological needs: Thin sows need to quickly replenish energy to promote fetal development, but excessive feeding needs to be avoided to prevent subsequent loss of body condition control.

[0027] Regulation goal: Accelerate backfat recovery through a relatively high k value, but it needs to be dynamically adjusted according to the pregnancy stage.

[0028] Specific scenarios:

[0029] Early pregnancy (0 - 30 days): If BFT current < 14 mm, select k = 0.3 kg / mm (rapid energy replenishment).

[0030] Mid - pregnancy (30 - 90 days): If BFT current is close to 14 mm, select k = 0.2 kg / mm (gentle adjustment).

[0031] (2) Normal sows (14 mm ≤ BFT current ≤ 20 mm)

[0032] k value range: 0.1 - 0.2 kg / mm

[0033] Selection basis:

[0034] Balanced needs: Sows in normal body condition need to maintain the balance between energy supply and demand and avoid excessive intervention.

[0035] Regulation goal: Achieve stable control of backfat through a medium k value.

[0036] Specific scenarios:

[0037] Mid - pregnancy (30 - 90 days): Select k = 0.2 kg / mm (medium adjustment range).

[0038] Late pregnancy (90 - 110 days): If BFTcurrent is close to the upper limit (20 mm), select k = 0.1 kg / mm (slow down the fattening speed).

[0039] (3) Fat sows (BFTcurrent > 20 mm)

[0040] Range of k value: 0.1 - 0.3 kg / mm

[0041] Basis for selection:

[0042] Risk control: For sows that are overweight, strict restrictions on fat deposition are required. It is preferred to select a high k value for rapid feed reduction.

[0043] Physiological limitation: High backfat may lead to metabolic disorders, and it is necessary to optimize energy utilization by combining functional amino acids.

[0044] Specific scenarios:

[0045] Mid - gestation (30 - 90 days): If BFTcurrent > 22 mm, select k = 0.3 kg / mm (strong feed reduction).

[0046] Late - gestation (90 - 110 days): If BFTcurrent is close to the target upper limit (22 mm), select k = 0.2 kg / mm (gradual adjustment).

[0047] In the above - mentioned technical solution, the low - energy and high - fiber diet formula used in the early gestation period is as follows:

[0048] Table 1

[0049] Ingredient Addition amount (%) Function Corn 55 Energy source, maintaining basal metabolism Wheat bran 20 Providing dietary fiber (β-glucan) Soybean meal 15 Protein source (crude protein ≥ 43%) Premix 5 Vitamins (vitamins A, D, E), minerals (Ca, P) Functional additive 5 Xylooligosaccharide (prebiotic, 0.02%)

[0050] Energy density: 12.5 MJ / kg (measured value)

[0051] Fiber content: Total dietary fiber ≥ 12% (80% of wheat bran)

[0052] The diet formula for the mid - to - late gestation period (added with functional amino acids and trace elements) is as follows:

[0053] Table 2

[0054] Ingredient Addition amount (%) Function Corn 50 Energy source Soybean meal 25 Protein (lysine ≥ 1.2%) Amino acid complex 2 Arginine (≥ 0.8%), lysine (≥ 0.6%) Organic trace element 1.5 Copper (50 ppm), zinc (100 ppm) Cellulase 0.5 Improving fiber digestibility

[0055] Energy density: 13.0 MJ / kg (mid - to - late gestation period) → 13.5 MJ / kg (late gestation period)

[0056] As a specific implementation method, when linearly increasing the feeding amount to 3.0 - 3.5 kg / day, the linear calculation formula is as follows:

[0057] Daily feeding amount (kg) = 3.0 + 0.05×(number of days - 90);

[0058] For example: On the 90th day: 3.0 kg / day, on the 100th day: 3.5 kg / day, on the 110th day: 3.5 kg / day (maximum value).

[0059] In the second aspect of the present invention, a precision feeding computer system for pregnant sows based on backfat regulation is provided, including:

[0060] Data acquisition module: It includes a backfat sensor set at the P2 point of the sow, which is used to monitor the backfat thickness BFT in real time current , with an accuracy error ≤ ±0.2 mm; and a sow individual information database, which is used to store the parity of the sow, the initial body condition level: underweight, normal, overweight, and the pregnancy stage: 0 - 30 days, 30 - 60 days, 60 - 90 days, 90 - 110 days;

[0061] Decision engine module: It includes a dynamic feeding amount calculation unit, which calculates the daily feeding amount based on the formula Q = Q base + k × ΔBFT, where: Q base is the stage - based feeding amount, which is 1.8 - 3.0 kg / day in the early pregnancy stage of 0 - 30 days, 2.4 - 3.0 kg / day in the mid - early pregnancy stage of 30 - 60 days, 2.8 - 3.0 kg / day in the mid - late pregnancy stage of 60 - 90 days, and 3.0 - 3.5 kg / day in the late pregnancy stage of 90 - 110 days; the k value is the backfat correction coefficient, for underweight sows (BFT current < 14 mm) it is 0.2 - 0.3 kg / mm, for normal sows (14 mm ≤ BFTcurrent ≤ 20 mm) and overweight sows (BFTcurrent > 20 mm) it is 0.1 - 0.3 kg / mm; ΔBFT = BF Ttarget - BFT current , and the target backfat BFTtarget is set according to the pregnancy stage: in the early pregnancy stage: 14 - 16 mm; in the mid - early pregnancy stage: 16 - 18 mm; in the mid - late pregnancy stage: 16 - 22 mm; in the late pregnancy stage: 20 - 22 mm;

[0062] Abnormal warning unit, which is used to trigger an emergency adjustment (Q = Qbase × 0.6) when ∣ΔBFT∣ ≥ 2 mm for three consecutive days, and send an artificial intervention instruction;

[0063] Execution control module: It is used to connect to the intelligent feeding device interface and automatically adjust the daily feeding amount according to the calculation result of the decision engine module, with an accuracy of ±0.1 kg / day;

[0064] Feed formula optimization unit, which is used to recommend a low - energy high - fiber diet (energy density 12.5 MJ / kg, dietary fiber ≥ 12%) or a functional amino acid formula (arginine ≥ 0.8%) based on the pregnancy stage and body condition level;

[0065] Visualization module: It is used to display the backfat trend curve, feeding amount curve and reproductive performance indicators (number of live born piglets, weaning weight) in real time; and for the function of historical data storage and report generation, supporting query by parity and body condition level classification.

[0066] Furthermore, the k-value adaptive selection logic includes:

[0067] When the sow is in the mid-gestation period (30 - 90 days) and BFT current ≥ 16 mm, the k-value is dynamically adjusted to 0.2 - 0.3 kg / mm;

[0068] When the sow is in the late-gestation period (90 - 110 days) and BFT current ≥ 20 mm, the k-value is dynamically adjusted to 0.1 - 0.2 kg / mm.

[0069] Furthermore, the feed formula optimization unit includes the following functions:

[0070] Add xylooligosaccharide (prebiotic, 0.02%) in the early gestation period;

[0071] Add organic trace elements (copper 50 ppm, zinc 100 ppm) in the middle and late gestation periods;

[0072] Linearly increase the feeding amount in the late gestation period. The formula is: daily feeding amount = 3.0 + 0.05 × (number of days - 90), and the maximum feeding amount does not exceed 3.5 kg / day.

[0073] Furthermore, the abnormal warning unit includes:

[0074] When the backfat volatility, the calculation formula is:

[0075]

[0076] Exceeds 1.2 mm / week, trigger the feed formula adjustment instruction;

[0077] When BFTcurrent exceeds the upper limit of the target value for 3 consecutive days, automatically switch to the low-energy high-fiber diet mode.

[0078] Furthermore, the execution control module is compatible with the Internet of Things platform and supports accessing the estrus monitoring system, parturition alarm, and environmental control system through the API interface.

[0079] Furthermore, the visualization module supports the following operations:

[0080] Generate a reproductive performance comparison report by parity, including the number of live born piglets, average birth weight, and backfat volatility;

[0081] Push the feeding amount adjustment suggestion to the breeder's mobile terminal in real time.

[0082] One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0083] The precise feeding method based on backfat regulation for improving the reproductive ability of pregnant sows provided by the present invention. Experimental data show that the present invention can increase the number of live piglets born by 8.5%-27.5% and reduce the backfat volatility by 50%, which is significantly better than the traditional feeding method. Specifically manifested as follows:

[0084] (1) Improving reproductive performance:

[0085] The group of sows with a backfat thickness of ≥22 mm at 30 days of pregnancy (the number of piglets born is 11.69±2.91) was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05);

[0086] The number of live piglets born to sows with a backfat thickness of 29.0 mm at 110 days of pregnancy reached 10.75±0.86, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01).

[0087] (2) Precise body condition regulation:

[0088] The dynamic adjustment of the formula reduced the backfat volatility from 1.2 mm / week to 0.6 mm / week (a 50% reduction);

[0089] When the backfat growth was too fast in the middle pregnancy period, the feeding amount was automatically reduced (such as from 3.0 kg / day to 2.6 kg / day), effectively avoiding excessive fat deposition.

[0090] (3) Optimization of resource efficiency:

[0091] The low-energy high-fiber diet (12.5 MJ / kg) reduced feed waste by 15% and simultaneously met the nutritional requirements of sows;

[0092] Functional amino acids (arginine ≥0.8%) improved the energy utilization rate and increased the number of piglets born by 9.8%. Description of the Drawings

[0093] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0094] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the precise feeding method for pregnant sows based on backfat regulation of the present invention;

[0095] Figure 2 It is a graph showing the changing trend of backfat of sows at each stage;

[0096] Figure 3 It is a distribution map of the number of piglets born to sows with different backfats at 30 days of pregnancy;

[0097] Figure 4Distribution map of the number of live piglets born to sows with different backfat thicknesses at 30 days of pregnancy;

[0098] Figure 5 Distribution map of the number of piglets born to sows with different backfat thicknesses at 110 days of pregnancy;

[0099] Figure 6 Distribution map of the number of live piglets born to sows with different backfat thicknesses at 110 days of pregnancy;

[0100] Figure 7 Backfat distribution map of sows at 110 days of pregnancy. Detailed implementation manners

[0101] The present invention will be specifically described below in combination with the detailed implementation manners and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be presented more clearly therefrom. Those skilled in the art should understand that these detailed implementation manners and examples are used to illustrate the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention.

[0102] Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically stated, the terms used herein should be understood as having the meanings commonly used in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. In case of conflict, this specification shall prevail.

[0103] Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment, etc. used in the present invention can be obtained through market purchase or by existing methods.

[0104] The present application will be described in detail below in combination with examples and experimental data.

[0105] Example 1: A precise feeding method for improving the reproductive ability of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation

[0106] I. Method

[0107] Step S1: Dynamic monitoring of backfat

[0108] Measure the backfat thickness at the P2 point (6.5 cm from the dorsal midline at the last rib) of the sow, establish an individual electronic file, and record the historical backfat data and pregnancy stage.

[0109] Step S2: Body condition classification and calculation of feeding amount

[0110] Classification of body condition levels:

[0111] Thin sows: BFT current <14 mm

[0112] Normal sows: 14 mm ≤ BFT current ≤ 20 mm

[0113] Fat sows: BFTcurrent > 20 mm

[0114] Dynamic feeding amount calculation formula:

[0115] Q = Q base + k × ΔBFT (ΔBFT = BFTtarget - BFTcurrent)

[0116] Parameter setting:

[0117] Table 3 Qbase (stage basic feeding amount)

[0118] Gestation stage Qbase range (kg / day) Early pregnancy (0 - 30 days) 1.8-3.0 Mid-early pregnancy (30 - 60 days) 2.4-3.0 Mid-late pregnancy (60 - 90 days) 2.8-3.0 Late pregnancy (90 - 110 days) 3.0-3.5

[0119] Table 4 - k value (backfat correction coefficient)

[0120]

[0121] Step S3: Execute staged feeding

[0122] Early pregnancy (0 - 30 days): For thin sows: Qbase = 3.0 kg / day, k value range 0.2 - 0.3 kg / mm; For normal / overweight sows: Qbase = 1.8 kg / day, k value range 0.1 - 0.3 kg / mm.

[0123] Mid - early pregnancy (30 - 60 days): Add arginine ≥ 0.8%; Adjust the feeding amount by ±0.3 kg / day according to backfat.

[0124] Mid - late pregnancy (60 - 90 days): Add arginine ≥ 0.9%; Adjust the feeding amount by ±0.3 kg / day;

[0125] Dynamic adjustment of k value: If the backfat growth rate ≥ 1.0 mm / day for 3 consecutive days, the upper limit of the k value is increased to 0.3 kg / mm.

[0126] Late pregnancy (90 - 110 days): Linearly increase the feeding amount: Daily feeding amount = 3.0 + 0.05 × (days - 90) (maximum feeding amount ≤ 3.5 kg / day), supplement organic trace elements (copper 50 ppm, zinc 100 ppm).

[0127] Step S4: Dynamic adjustment strategy

[0128] Abnormal warning and emergency adjustment:

[0129] Backfat deviates from the target value for 3 consecutive days:

[0130] If ∣BFT current - BFT target ∣≥ 2 mm → Trigger emergency adjustment (Q = Q base×0.6), and add functional amino acids to optimize energy utilization;

[0131] If 1 ≤ ∣BFT current -BFT target ∣ < 2mm → trigger secondary adjustment (Q = Q base ×0.8), and add functional amino acids to optimize energy utilization.

[0132] Reverse optimization of reproductive performance: After each parity, predict the backfat trend based on the random forest algorithm and reverse optimize the backfat target threshold for the next parity.

[0133] II. Data verification

[0134] Table 5 Calculation table of feeding amount during pregnancy

[0135]

[0136] Table 6 Changes in reproductive performance of pregnant sows in each group (after adjustment)

[0137] Item Test group 1 (traditional thinking) Test group 2 (dynamic adjustment) P value Total number of piglets born (heads) 11.50±1.08 12.86±0.69 <0.01 Number of live piglets born (heads) 10.66±1.07 12.28±0.48 <0.01 Number of healthy piglets (heads) 9.65±1.87 11.79±0.44 <0.01 Average birth weight (kg) 1.11±0.11 1.39±0.20 <0.01 Backfat fluctuation rate (mm / week) 1.2 0.6 <0.01

[0138] III. Technical effects

[0139] 1. Improvement in reproductive performance:

[0140] The total number of piglets born in experimental group 2 increased by 11.8%, and the number of live piglets born increased by 15.2% (P < 0.01).

[0141] Optimization of body condition regulation:

[0142] The backfat fluctuation rate decreased by 50% (0.6 mm / week vs. 1.2 mm / week).

[0143] 2. Improvement in resource efficiency:

[0144] The feed-to-meat ratio decreased from 2.8 to 2.5, and feed waste decreased by 15%.

[0145] Example 2: Study on the regular pattern of backfat growth in pregnant sows

[0146] Monitor the backfat of sows throughout the pregnancy stage and analyze the regular pattern of backfat growth in different stages. Figure 2 The following shows the trend chart of backfat changes in sows at each stage. The backfat of sows shows an upward trend from after mating to before parturition, and decreases at weaning due to weight loss during lactation.

[0147] The results of the correlation analysis between feed intake and backfat changes at each stage showed that the amount of feed intake had a certain impact on backfat changes during 0 - 60 days of pregnancy (Table 7). As shown in Table 8, there was a positive correlation in backfat thickness at each stage of pregnancy, and there was a relatively high correlation between 30 days and 60 days, 90 days and 110 days of pregnancy, indicating that it was feasible to adjust the backfat to reach a certain backfat value according to the backfat thickness at 30 days.

[0148] Table 7 Correlation analysis between feed intake and backfat changes at each stage

[0149]

[0150] Note: C 0-30 、C 30-60 、C 60-90 、C 90-110 are the changes in backfat thickness at each stage of pregnancy, respectively.

[0151] Table 8 Correlation analysis between backfat at each stage and litter size, number of live piglets

[0152]

[0153] Note: p1, p30, p60, p90, p110, w21 represent the backfat at 1 day, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 110 days of pregnancy and at 21 days after weaning respectively, and tnb, anb represent the total litter size and the number of live piglets.

[0154] 2 Influence of backfat at 30 days after breeding during pregnancy on litter size and number of live piglets

[0155] Considering different body conditions, parities and backfat comprehensively, the large - white × landrace pregnant sows were divided into 5 groups according to the backfat thickness (BF) at 30 days of pregnancy: 1 (BF ≤ 12.0 mm), 2 (13.0 ≤ BF ≤ 15.0 mm), 3 (16.0 ≤ BF ≤ 18.0 mm), 4 (19.0 ≤ BF ≤ 21.0 mm), 5 (BF ≥ 22.0 mm).

[0156] The litter size of the group of pregnant sows with a body condition score of 5 (i.e., BF ≥ 22.0 mm at 110 days of pregnancy) was significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05) (Table 9).

[0157] Table 9 Influence of backfat thickness at 30 days of pregnancy on litter size and number of live piglets

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] Note: The values are mean ± standard error; different lowercase letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05); different uppercase letters represent extremely significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0161] The test results showed that the litter size of Group 5 (backfat ≥ 22.0 mm) was significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05).

[0162] Figures 3 - 4 The distribution of litter size and number of live born piglets corresponding to the backfat thickness of sows at 30 days of gestation is shown. Different colors represent different litter sizes and numbers of live born piglets. It can be seen from the figure that there are more high-yield sows (litter size ≥ 12) with a backfat thickness of 13.0 mm and 22.0 mm at 30 days of gestation, and more live born piglets (number of live born piglets ≥ 11) in sows with a backfat thickness of 13.0 mm, 15.0 mm and 22.0 mm at 30 days of gestation. It indicates that the backfat of Landrace × Yorkshire sows at 30 days of gestation should be maintained in the range of 13.0 - 22.0 mm.

[0163] Example 3

[0164] To further study the effect of backfat at 110 days of gestation on litter size, the experimental sows were divided into 5 grades according to the backfat thickness at 110 days of gestation:

[0165] Group 1: backfat ≤ 16.0 mm, n = 11

[0166] Group 2: 17.0 mm ≤ backfat ≤ 20.0 mm, n = 163

[0167] Group 3: 21.0 mm ≤ backfat ≤ 24.0 mm, n = 1677

[0168] Group 4: 25.0 mm ≤ backfat ≤ 29.0 mm, n = 2136

[0169] Group 5: backfat ≥ 30.0 mm, n = 123

[0170] Table 10 Effect of backfat at 110 days of gestation on litter size and number of live born piglets

[0171]

[0172] Note: The values are mean ± standard error; different lowercase letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05); different uppercase letters represent extremely significant differences (P < 0.01).

[0173] As can be seen from Table 10, the litter size of Groups 2, 3 and 4 was significantly higher than that of Groups 1 and 5 (P < 0.05). The number of live born piglets in Group 1 was extremely significantly lower than that of other groups (P < 0.01), and the number of weak piglets, dead fetuses and mummies was also significantly higher than that of other groups.

[0174] Such as Figures 5 - 6As shown, the number of high-yield sows with a backfat thickness of 29.0 mm at 110 days of pregnancy (number of piglets born ≥ 12) is the largest; the number of live piglets born to sows with a backfat thickness of 19.0 mm and 29.0 mm (number of live piglets born ≥ 11) is the largest. Therefore, to give full play to the production performance of sows, the backfat thickness of Large White × Landrace sows at 110 days of pregnancy should be controlled within the range of 17.0 - 29.0 mm.

[0175] Figure 7 The following is the backfat distribution map of sows at 110 days of pregnancy. Different colors in the figure represent the backfat grades during the grouping at 30 days of pregnancy. As shown in the figure, the proportion of sows within 21.0 - 28.0 mm (within the appropriate backfat range) reaches 86.13%, and the distribution of the four colors is uniform, indicating that the central tendency of the four backfat grades is obvious, showing that the four feeding curves all have good effects in regulating the backfat of pregnant sows.

[0176] In summary, the number of high-yield sows with a backfat thickness of 29.0 mm at 110 days of pregnancy (number of piglets born ≥ 12) is the largest; the number of live piglets born to sows with a backfat thickness of 19.0 mm and 29.0 mm (number of live piglets born ≥ 11) is the largest. Therefore, to give full play to the production performance of sows, the backfat thickness of Large White × Landrace sows at 110 days of pregnancy should be controlled within the range of 17.0 - 29.0 mm.

[0177] Table 7 in the specification shows that the number of piglets born to sows with a backfat thickness of 13.0 mm and 22.0 mm at 30 days of pregnancy is significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05), proving the rationality of setting the target backfat (BFTtarget) in the method of the present invention (14 - 16 mm).

[0178] Table 10 shows that the number of piglets born to sows with a backfat thickness of 29.0 mm at 110 days of pregnancy is the largest, supporting the setting of "BFT target = 20 - 22 mm" in the later stage of pregnancy.

[0179] Figure 7 It shows that 86.13% of the sows have a backfat thickness in the range of 17 - 28 mm, verifying the effectiveness of the stage feeding strategy.

[0180] Example 2 shows that the number of piglets born to sows with a backfat thickness ≥ 22 mm at 30 days of pregnancy is significantly increased (P < 0.05), proving the effectiveness of dynamically adjusting the feeding amount.

[0181] Example 3 shows that the number of live piglets born is the largest when the backfat thickness at 110 days of pregnancy is controlled at 29.0 mm, verifying the synergistic effect of stage feeding.

[0182] Example 4. Verification experiment of dynamically adjusting the feeding amount according to the formula

[0183] I. Experimental purpose

[0184] Verify the actual effect of the formula Q = Qbase + k × ΔBFT based on the dynamic backfat correction coefficient (k value) in staged feeding, and focus on evaluating the following improvement strategies:

[0185] Dynamic k value adjustment: Automatically adjust the k value according to the pregnancy stage and the rate of backfat change (for example, the upper limit of the k value in the second trimester is increased to 0.3 kg / mm).

[0186] Abnormal warning linkage: Trigger an emergency adjustment (Q = Qbase × 0.6) when the backfat deviates from the target value by ±2 mm for 3 consecutive days.

[0187] Energy compensation mechanism: Add functional amino acids (arginine ≥ 0.8%) to optimize the energy utilization efficiency.

[0188] II. Experimental design

[0189] 1. Experimental subjects and grouping

[0190] Experimental animals: Select 30 healthy large white × landrace pregnant sows with similar parity (initial body condition BFTcurrent = 14 - 20 mm).

[0191] Grouping method:

[0192] Table 11

[0193] Group Quantity (heads) Feeding strategy Control group 10 Traditional segmented fixed feeding (without adjusting k value) Experimental group A 10 Dynamic adjustment of k value (0.1 - 0.3 kg / mm) Experimental group B 10 Dynamic adjustment of k value + functional amino acid (arginine)

[0194] 2. Key parameter settings

[0195] Basic feeding amount (Qbase):

[0196] Early pregnancy (0 - 30 days): 2.4 kg / day

[0197] Mid-early pregnancy (30 - 60 days): 2.8 kg / day

[0198] Mid-late pregnancy (60 - 90 days): 3.0 kg / day

[0199] Late pregnancy (90 - 110 days): 3.2 kg / day

[0200] Dynamic range of k value:

[0201] Thin sows (BFT current <14 mm): 0.2 - 0.3 kg / mm

[0202] Normal sows (14 mm ≤ BFT current ≤ 20 mm): 0.1 - 0.3 kg / mm

[0203] Fat sows (BFT current > 20 mm): 0.1 - 0.2 kg / mm

[0204] Abnormal warning rules:

[0205] For 3 consecutive days, ∣ΔBFT∣≥2mm → Q = Qbase×0.6

[0206] For 3 consecutive days, 1≤∣ΔBFT∣<2mm → Q = Qbase×0.8

[0207] 3. Data collection and monitoring

[0208] Backfat measurement: Measure the backfat thickness at P2 point daily using a Renco backfat meter (accuracy ±0.2mm). Feed intake record: The intelligent feeding device automatically records the actual daily feeding amount (accuracy ±0.1kg). Reproductive performance indicators: Record the number of piglets born, number of live piglets, average birth weight, and backfat volatility.

[0209] III. Experimental results and data analysis

[0210] 1. Backfat regulation effect

[0211] Table 12

[0212]

[0213]

[0214] Significance analysis:

[0215] The backfat volatility of experimental group B was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01), and the feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 14.3%.

[0216] 2. Comparison of reproductive performance

[0217] Table 13

[0218]

[0219] Significance analysis:

[0220] The total number of piglets born and the number of live piglets in experimental group B were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), and the weak piglet rate decreased by 57.7%.

[0221] 3. Contribution of dynamic adjustment strategy

[0222] k-value adaptive adjustment: Experimental group B dynamically increased the upper limit of the k-value (0.3kg / mm). When the backfat growth was too fast during the mid-pregnancy period (30 - 60 days), the feeding amount was automatically reduced by 15% - 20%, effectively inhibiting fat deposition.

[0223] Functional amino acid optimization: After adding arginine (≥0.8%), the energy utilization rate of experimental group B increased by 9.8%, and the number of piglets born increased by 3.2 heads (P<0.05).

[0224] IV. Conclusions

[0225] 1. The dynamic k-value adjustment significantly improves the accuracy of body condition regulation, and the backfat volatility is reduced by 50% (0.6 vs. 1.2 mm / week).

[0226] 2. The abnormal warning linkage mechanism can quickly respond to extreme body condition changes and prevent sows from entering the risk area of excessive fat deposition.

[0227] 3. The supplementation of functional amino acids further improves the reproductive performance (+27.2% of the number of live born piglets) by optimizing energy metabolism.

[0228] Example 5. A precision feeding computer system for pregnant sows based on backfat regulation

[0229] The embodiment of the present invention provides a precision feeding computer system for pregnant sows based on backfat regulation, including:

[0230] Data acquisition module: It includes a backfat sensor set at the P2 point of the sow to continuously monitor the backfat thickness BFT current , with a precision error ≤ ±0.2 mm; and a sow individual information database for storing the parity of the sow, the initial body condition level: underweight, normal, overweight, and the pregnancy stage: 0 - 30 days, 30 - 60 days, 60 - 90 days, 90 - 110 days;

[0231] Decision engine module: It includes a dynamic feeding amount calculation unit to calculate the daily feeding amount based on the formula Q = Q base +k×ΔBFT, where: Q base is the stage-based feeding amount, which is 1.8 - 3.0 kg / day in the early pregnancy stage of 0 - 30 days, 2.4 - 3.0 kg / day in the mid-early pregnancy stage of 30 - 60 days, 2.8 - 3.0 kg / day in the mid-late pregnancy stage of 60 - 90 days, and 3.0 - 3.5 kg / day in the late pregnancy stage of 90 - 110 days; the k value is the backfat correction coefficient, which is 0.2 - 0.3 kg / mm for underweight sows (BFT current <14 mm), 0.1 - 0.3 kg / mm for normal sows (14 mm ≤ BFTcurrent ≤ 20 mm) and overweight sows (BFTcurrent > 20 mm); ΔBFT = BF Ttarget -BFT current , and the target backfat BFTtarget is set according to the pregnancy stage: in the early pregnancy stage: 14 - 16 mm; in the mid-early pregnancy stage: 16 - 18 mm; in the mid-late pregnancy stage: 16 - 22 mm; in the late pregnancy stage: 20 - 22 mm;

[0232] Anomaly warning unit, which is used to trigger an emergency adjustment (Q = Qbase × 0.6) and send a manual intervention instruction when ∣ΔBFT∣≥2mm for three consecutive days;

[0233] Execution control module: It is used to connect to the intelligent feeding device interface and automatically adjust the daily feeding amount according to the calculation result of the decision engine module, with an accuracy of ±0.1kg / day;

[0234] Feed formula optimization unit, which is used to recommend a low-energy high-fiber diet (energy density 12.5MJ / kg, dietary fiber ≥12%) or a functional amino acid formula (arginine ≥0.8%) based on the pregnancy stage and body condition level;

[0235] Visualization module: It is used to display the backfat trend curve, feeding amount curve and reproductive performance indicators (number of live born piglets, weaning weight) in real time; and for the function of historical data storage and report generation, supporting query by parity and body condition level.

[0236] The k-value adaptive selection logic includes:

[0237] When the sow is in the middle pregnancy stage (30 - 90 days) and BFTcurrent≥16mm, the k-value is dynamically adjusted to 0.2 - 0.3kg / mm;

[0238] When the sow is in the late pregnancy stage (90 - 110 days) and BFTcurrent≥20mm, the k-value is dynamically adjusted to 0.1 - 0.2kg / mm.

[0239] The feed formula optimization unit includes the following functions:

[0240] Add xylooligosaccharide (prebiotic, 0.02%) in the early pregnancy stage;

[0241] Add organic trace elements (copper 50ppm, zinc 100ppm) in the middle and late pregnancy stages;

[0242] Linearly increase the feeding amount in the late pregnancy stage, and the formula is: daily feeding amount = 3.0 + 0.05×(number of days - 90), and the maximum feeding amount does not exceed 3.5kg / day.

[0243] The anomaly warning unit includes:

[0244] When the backfat volatility, the calculation formula is:

[0245]

[0246] When it exceeds 1.2mm / week, trigger the feed formula adjustment instruction;

[0247] When BFTcurrent exceeds the upper limit of the target value for three consecutive days, automatically switch to the low-energy high-fiber diet mode.

[0248] The execution control module is compatible with the Internet of Things platform and supports access to the estrus monitoring system, the parturition alarm, and the environmental control system through the API interface.

[0249] Embodiment 6, Computer-readable storage medium

[0250] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method of Embodiment 1 and / or Embodiment 5 are implemented.

[0251] Of course, for a storage medium containing computer-executable instructions provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the computer-executable instructions are not limited to the method operations described above, and can also execute related operations in the methods provided by any embodiment of the present invention.

[0252] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software and necessary general-purpose hardware. Of course, it can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory (FLASH), a hard disk, or an optical disc of a computer, etc., including several instructions for causing an electronic device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0253] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be realized; in addition, the specific names of the functional units are only for the convenience of mutual distinction and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0254] Finally, it should also be noted that the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0255] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art once they learn the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0256] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A precision feeding method for improving the reproductive capacity of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation, characterized in that: The method comprises: Step S1: Measure the back fat thickness at point P2 of the sow to obtain the real-time monitoring back fat thickness BFT current ; Step S2: According to BFT current Classification of initial body condition of sows: BFT current <14mm is a thin sow, 14-20mm is a normal sow, BFT current >20mm is a fat sow; Step S3, calculating the dynamic feeding amount according to the initial body condition grade and the following formula: Q=Q base +k×ΔBFT, stated ΔBFT=BFT target -BFT current , in which: Q base The basic feeding amount for each stage: Q base 1.8-3.0kg / day, 30-60 days in the early and middle stages of pregnancy base 2.4-3.0kg / day, 60-90 days in the middle and late stages of pregnancy base 2.8-3.0kg / day, Q in late pregnancy 90-110 days base 3.0-3.5 kg / day; The k value is the back fat correction coefficient. The k value for thin sows is 0.2-0.3 kg / mm, and the k value for normal sows and fat sows is 0.1-0.3 kg / mm; Step S4, feeding in stages, comprises: First trimester: target backfat BFT target =14-16mm, add low-energy high-fiber diet; Early pregnancy: target back fat BFT target Set to 16-18mm, based on real-time monitoring of back fat thickness BFT current Adjust the feeding amount ±0.3kg / day and add functional amino acids; Mid- to late-pregnancy: target back fat BFT target =16-22mm, Q base =2.8-3.0kg / day, add functional amino acids and organic trace elements; Late pregnancy: target backfat BFT target Set to 20-22mm, based on real-time monitoring of back fat thickness BFT current Adjust the feeding amount by ±0.3kg / day and supplement organic trace elements simultaneously; Step S5: Dynamically adjust the strategy: If you are in the second trimester, 3 consecutive days | BFT current -BFT target |≥2mm, then Q=Qbase×0.6, and functional amino acids are added to optimize energy utilization; If the pregnancy is in the second trimester, 1 mm ≤ | BFT for 3 consecutive days current -BFT target |<2mm, then Q=Qbase×0.8, and functional amino acids are added to optimize energy utilization.

2. The precision feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The P2 point is 6.5 cm from the back midline to the last rib.

3. The precision feeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement time points in the dynamic monitoring of back fat include before breeding, 24h, 30 days, 75 days and 90 days after breeding.

4. The precision feeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The energy density of the low-energy, high-fiber diet is 12.5 MJ / kg.

5. The precision feeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The arginine content in the functional amino acids is ≥ 0.8%.

6. A computer system for precise feeding of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module: includes a backfat sensor set at the sow P2 point for real-time monitoring of backfat thickness BFT current , accuracy error ≤±0.2mm; and sow individual information database, used to store sow parity, initial body condition level: thin, normal, fat, and gestation stage: 0-30 days, 30-60 days, 60-90 days, 90-110 days; Decision engine module: including dynamic feeding amount calculation unit, based on the formula Q = Q base + k × ΔBFT to calculate the daily feeding amount, where: Q base The basic feeding amount for each stage is 1.8-3.0 kg / day for the early gestation period (0-30 days), 2.4-3.0 kg / day for the early and middle gestation period (30-60 days), 2.8-3.0 kg / day for the middle and late gestation period (60-90 days), and 3.0-3.5 kg / day for the late gestation period (90-110 days). The k value is the back fat correction coefficient. current <14mm) is 0.2-0.3kg / mm, normal sows (14mm≤BFTcurrent≤20mm) and fat sows (BFTcurrent>20mm) is 0.1-0.3kg / mm; ΔBFT=BF Ttarget -BFT current , the target back fat BFTtarget is set according to the gestational stage: early pregnancy: 14-16mm; early and middle pregnancy: 16-18mm; middle and late pregnancy: 16-22mm; late pregnancy: 20-22mm; Abnormal warning unit, used to trigger emergency adjustment (Q = Qbase × 0.6) and send manual intervention instructions when |ΔBFT|≥2mm for 3 consecutive days; Execution control module: used to connect to the intelligent feeding equipment interface, automatically adjust the daily feeding amount according to the calculation results of the decision engine module, with an accuracy of ±0.1kg / day; Feed formulation optimization unit, used to recommend low-energy, high-fiber diets (energy density 12.5 MJ / kg, dietary fiber ≥12%) or functional amino acid formulas (arginine ≥0.8%) based on gestation stage and body condition grade; Visualization module: used to display the back fat trend curve, feeding amount curve and reproductive performance indicators (number of piglets born alive, weaning weight) in real time; as well as for historical data storage and report generation functions, supporting classified inquiries by parity and body condition level.

7. The computer system for precise feeding of pregnant sows based on backfat regulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The k value adaptive selection logic includes: When sows are in mid-gestation (30-90 days) and BFT current When ≥16mm, the k value is dynamically adjusted to 0.2-0.3kg / mm; When sows are in late gestation (90-110 days) and BFT curren When t≥20mm, the k value is dynamically adjusted to 0.1-0.2kg / mm.

8. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The feed formula optimization unit includes the following functions: Add xylo-oligosaccharides (prebiotic, 0.02%) in the first trimester; Add organic trace elements (copper 50ppm, zinc 100ppm) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy; The feeding amount should be increased linearly in the late pregnancy. The formula is: daily feeding amount = 3.0 + 0.05 × (number of days - 90). The maximum feeding amount shall not exceed 3.5 kg / day.

9. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The abnormal warning unit comprises: When backfat volatility is used, the calculation formula is: When it exceeds 1.2mm / week, the feed formula adjustment instruction is triggered; When BFTcurrent exceeds the upper limit of the target value for 3 consecutive days, it will automatically switch to the low-energy, high-fiber diet mode.

10. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The execution control module is compatible with the Internet of Things platform and supports access to the estrus monitoring system, delivery alarm and environmental control system through an API interface.

Images