Compound nutritional vinasse feed for green-shell laying hens and preparation method of compound nutritional vinasse feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound nutritional vinasse feed for green-shelled egg-laying hens and a preparation method thereof. The compound nutritional vinasse feed is prepared from corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, soybean oil, stone powder, a premix and vinasse powder, the premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, folic acid, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, choline, calcium and sodium chloride. The composite nutritional vinasse feed does not affect the production performance and egg quality, but can effectively improve lipid metabolism of an organism and improve the antioxidant capacity and the immunocompetence of the organism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds for poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a compound nutritional distillers' grains feed for green-shell laying hens and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Distillers' grains powder is a by-product generated during the brewing process, rich in various nutrients such as protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. These components are of great significance for the growth and production of animals. The organic substances in distillers' grains powder are fermented and are easy to digest and absorb, which can improve the utilization rate of feed. In addition, distillers' grains powder also contains rich fiber components, which help to promote the intestinal health of laying hens. Therefore, applying distillers' grains powder as a feed additive in laying hen breeding helps to improve the production performance of laying hens, improve egg quality, and have a positive impact on serum biochemical indexes.

[0003] In recent years, many scholars have done a lot of research on the utilization of distillers' grains powder in animal feed addition. However, the current research on the specific application effects and action mechanisms of distillers' grains powder in laying hen breeding is still relatively limited. Therefore, this experiment uses Changshun green-shell laying hens as experimental animals to study the effects of adding distillers' grains powder to the diet on the production performance, egg quality, and serum biochemical indexes of laying hens, and determine the optimal addition amount, providing a reference for the scientific utilization of distillers' grains powder in laying hen production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound nutritional distillers' grains feed for green-shell laying hens. The compound nutritional distillers' grains feed can effectively improve the lipid metabolism of the green-shell laying hen body, and enhance the body's antioxidant capacity and immune capacity.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention: A compound nutritional distillers' grains feed for green-shell laying hens, calculated by weight: is made of 500 - 570 parts of corn, 140 - 220 parts of soybean meal, 50 - 80 parts of wheat bran, 8 - 15 parts of soybean oil, 70 - 90 parts of stone powder, 20 - 30 parts of premix, and 50 - 150 parts of distillers' grains powder.

[0006] The aforesaid compound nutritional distillers' grains feed for green-shell laying hens, calculated by weight: is made of 510 - 565 parts of corn, 160 - 205 parts of soybean meal, 65 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of soybean oil, 80 parts of stone powder, 25 parts of premix, and 50 - 150 parts of distillers' grains powder.

[0007] Specifically, the aforesaid compound nutritional distillers' grains feed for green-shell laying hens, calculated by weight: is made of 510 - 535 parts of corn, 160 - 185 parts of soybean meal, 65 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of soybean oil, 80 parts of stone powder, 25 parts of premix, and 100 - 150 parts of distillers' grains powder.

[0008] The aforementioned premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B12, niacinamide, pantothenic acid, folic acid, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, choline, calcium, and sodium chloride.

[0009] Specifically, every 25 grams of the aforementioned premix contains 10,000 IU of vitamin A, 5,000 IU of vitamin D3, 25 IU of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 2 mg of vitamin B1, 5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 110 μg of vitamin B7, 18 μg of vitamin B12, 30 mg of niacinamide, 10 mg of pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg of folic acid, 0.005 g of copper, 0.0625 g of iron, 0.075 g of manganese, 0.06 g of zinc, 1.25 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.0125 g of lysine, 0.0875 g of methionine, 0.0025 g of threonine, 0.0025 g of tryptophan, 0.6 g of choline, 0.1 g of calcium, and 0.15 g of sodium chloride.

[0010] The preparation method of the aforementioned compound nutrient distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens is carried out according to the following steps:

[0011] (1) Take fresh distiller's grains of white liquor, inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature, and ferment for 3 - 20 days. After the fermented distiller's grains are pressed and dehydrated for 10 minutes, they are dried at a temperature of 60 - 80 °C until the moisture content is 10 - 12%, thus obtaining distiller's grains. The nutrient components of the distiller's grains are controlled to have a crude protein content of ≥ 20%.

[0012] (2) First, air-dry corn and soybean meal separately. The moisture content of corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of soybean meal is controlled below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Then, weigh and mix the crushed corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, soybean oil, and stone powder according to the formula ratio, and then add the premix and distiller's grains powder in proportion for thorough mixing to obtain the compound nutrient distiller's grains feed.

[0013] In the aforementioned step (1), when the room temperature is 20 - 30 °C, 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated into the fresh distiller's grains of white liquor and fermented for 3 - 7 days.

[0014] In the aforementioned step (1), when the room temperature is 10 - 20 °C, 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated into the fresh distiller's grains of white liquor and fermented for 7 - 15 days.

[0015] In the aforementioned step (1), when the room temperature is 0 - 10 °C, 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated and fermented for 15 - 20 days.

[0016] In the aforementioned step (2), the total moisture content is controlled below 13%, and the wheat bran, soybean oil, and stone powder all meet the national feed standards.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention:

[0018] 1. Feeding compound nutrient distiller's grains feed in the production of Changshun Green-shell laying hens does not affect their production performance and can significantly improve the egg yolk color of eggs.

[0019] 2. Feeding compound nutrient distiller's grains feed in the production of Changshun Green-shell laying hens can enhance their antioxidant capacity: increase the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, effectively scavenge free radicals, and reduce the risk of oxidative stress damage to the body.

[0020] 3. Using compound nutrient distiller's grains feed in the production of Changshun Green-shell laying hens can effectively reduce the concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), and effectively improve lipid metabolism of the body.

[0021] 4. Using compound nutrient distiller's grains feed in the production of Changshun Green-shell laying hens can significantly increase the contents of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and effectively enhance their immune capacity. Description of the drawings

[0022] Figure 1 : Compound nutrient distiller's grains feed. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but it shall not be used as a basis for limiting the present invention. The reagents, materials, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels without special instructions; the test methods used are conventional methods without special instructions.

[0024] Preparation of premix: Each 25 g of the premix contains 10000 IU of vitamin A, 5000 IU of vitamin D3, 25 IU of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 2 mg of vitamin B1, 5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 110 μg of vitamin B7, 18 μg of vitamin B12, 30 mg of niacinamide, 10 mg of pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg of folic acid, 0.005 g of copper, 0.0625 g of iron, 0.075 g of manganese, 0.06 g of zinc, 1.25 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.0125 g of lysine, 0.0875 g of methionine, 0.0025 g of threonine, 0.0025 g of tryptophan, 0.6 g of choline, 0.1 g of calcium, and 0.15 g of sodium chloride.

[0025] The prepared wheat bran, soybean oil and stone powder all meet the national feed standards.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] (1) Take fresh distillers grains from Baijiu, inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature (20 - 30 °C), ferment for 6 days. After the fermented distillers grains are pressed and dehydrated for 10 minutes, then dried at 80 °C until the moisture content is 10 - 12%, and the distillers grains are obtained. The nutritional components of the distillers grains are controlled to have crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0028] (2) First, air-dry corn and soybean meal separately. The moisture content of corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of soybean meal is controlled below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 51.0 kg of corn flour, 16.0 kg of soybean meal, 6.5 kg of wheat bran, 1.0 kg of soybean oil, and 8.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush them into coarse powder. After mixing 2.5 kg of premix and 15.0 kg of distillers grains powder, the compound nutritious distillers grains feed is obtained.

[0029] Example 2:

[0030] (1) Take fresh distillers grains from Baijiu, inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature (20 - 30 °C), ferment for 6 days. After the fermented distillers grains are pressed and dehydrated for 10 minutes, then dried at 80 °C until the moisture content ≤ 12%, and the distillers grains are obtained. The nutritional components of the distillers grains are controlled to have crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0031] (2) First, air-dry corn and soybean meal separately. The moisture content of corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of soybean meal is controlled below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 53.5 kg of corn flour, 18.5 kg of soybean meal, 6.5 kg of wheat bran, 1.0 kg of soybean oil, and 8.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush them into coarse powder. After mixing 2.5 kg of premix and 10.0 kg of distillers grains powder, the compound nutritious distillers grains feed is obtained.

[0032] Example 3:

[0033] (1) Take fresh distillers grains from Baijiu, inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature (20 - 30 °C), ferment for 6 days. After the fermented distillers grains are pressed and dehydrated for 10 minutes,, then dried at 80 °C until the moisture content ≤ 12%, and the distillers grains are obtained. The nutritional components of the distillers grains are controlled to have crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0034] (2) First, air-dry corn and soybean meal separately. The moisture content of corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of soybean meal is controlled below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 56.5 kg of corn flour, 20.5 kg of soybean meal, 6.5 kg of wheat bran, 1.0 kg of soybean oil, and 8.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush them into coarse powder. After mixing 2.5 kg of premix and 5.0 kg of distillers grains powder, the compound nutritious distillers grains feed is obtained.

[0035] Example 4:

[0036] (1) Take fresh distiller's grains of white liquor, inoculate 5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature (10 - 20 °C), ferment for 15 days. After the fermented distiller's grains are pressed and dehydrated for 10 min, they are then dried at 80 °C until the moisture content ≤ 12%, thus obtaining distiller's grains. The nutritional components of the distiller's grains are controlled such that the crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0037] (2) First, air-dry corn and soybean meal separately. The moisture content of corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of soybean meal is controlled below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 50.0 kg of corn flour, 14.0 kg of soybean meal, 5.0 kg of wheat bran, 0.8 kg of soybean oil, and 7.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush them into coarse powder. After mixing 2.0 kg of premix and 15.0 kg of distiller's grains powder, a compound nutritional distiller's grains feed is obtained.

[0038] Example 5:

[0039] (1) Take fresh distiller's grains of white liquor, inoculate 5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature (10 - 20 °C), ferment for 7 days. After the fermented distiller's grains are pressed and dehydrated for 10 min, they are then dried at 80 °C until the moisture content ≤ 12%, thus obtaining distiller's grains. The nutritional components of the distiller's grains are controlled such that the crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0040] (2) First, air-dry corn and soybean meal separately. The moisture content of corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of soybean meal is controlled below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 50.0 kg of corn flour, 14.0 kg of soybean meal, 5.0 kg of wheat bran, 0.8 kg of soybean oil, and 7.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush them into coarse powder. After mixing 2.0 kg of premix and 15.0 kg of distiller's grains powder, a compound nutritional distiller's grains feed is obtained.

[0041] Example 6:

[0042] (1) Take fresh distiller's grains of white liquor, inoculate 5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature (0 - 10 °C), ferment for 20 days. After the fermented distiller's grains are pressed and dehydrated for 12 min, they are then dried at 80 °C until the moisture content ≤ 12%, thus obtaining distiller's grains. The nutritional components of the distiller's grains are controlled such that the crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0043] (2) First, air-dry the corn and soybean meal separately. Control the moisture content of the corn below 14% and that of the soybean meal below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 57.0 kg of corn flour, 22.0 kg of soybean meal, 80.0 kg of wheat bran, 1.5 kg of soybean oil, and 9.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush the coarse powder. After mixing 3.0 kg of premix and 6.0 kg of distiller's grains powder, a compound nutritious distiller's grains feed is obtained.

[0044] Example 7:

[0045] (1) Take fresh distiller's grains of white liquor, inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under normal temperature (0 - 10 °C), ferment for 15 days. After the fermented distiller's grains are pressed and dehydrated for 9 minutes, then dry them at 80 °C until the moisture content ≤ 12%, and thus obtain distiller's grains. The nutritional components of the distiller's grains are controlled with crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0046] (2) First, air-dry the corn and soybean meal separately. Control the moisture content of the corn below 14% and that of the soybean meal below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 57.0 kg of corn flour, 22.0 kg of soybean meal, 80.0 kg of wheat bran, 1.5 kg of soybean oil, and 9.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush the coarse powder. After mixing 3.0 kg of premix and 6.0 kg of distiller's grains powder, a compound nutritious distiller's grains feed is obtained.

[0047] Example 8:

[0048] (1) Take fresh distiller's grains of white liquor, inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under normal temperature (20 - 30 °C), ferment for 3 days. After the fermented distiller's grains are pressed and dehydrated for 11 minutes, then dry them at 80 °C until the moisture content is 10 - 12%, and thus obtain distiller's grains. The nutritional components of the distiller's grains are controlled with crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0049] (2) First, air-dry the corn and soybean meal separately. Control the moisture content of the corn below 14% and that of the soybean meal below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 51.0 kg of corn flour, 16.0 kg of soybean meal, 6.5 kg of wheat bran, 1.0 kg of soybean oil, and 8.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush the coarse powder. After mixing 2.5 kg of premix and 15.0 kg of distiller's grains powder, a compound nutritious distiller's grains feed is obtained.

[0050] Example 9:

[0051] (1) Take fresh distillers' grains from white liquor, inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature (20 - 30 °C), ferment for 7 days. After the fermented distillers' grains are pressed and dehydrated for 8 minutes, then dried at 80 °C until the moisture content ≤ 12%, thus obtaining distillers' grains, and the nutrient components of the distillers' grains are controlled to have crude protein ≥ 20%;

[0052] (2) First, air-dry corn and soybean meal separately. The moisture content of corn is controlled below 14%, and the moisture content of soybean meal is controlled below 12%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 53.5 kg of corn flour, 18.5 kg of soybean meal, 6.5 kg of wheat bran, 1.0 kg of soybean oil, and 8.0 kg of stone powder, mix them and then crush them into coarse powder. After mixing 2.5 kg of premix and 10.0 kg of distillers' grains powder, a compound nutritional distillers' grains feed is obtained.

[0053] To verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the inventors conducted a large number of experimental studies, and the experimental process and results are as follows:

[0054] 1. Materials

[0055] 1.1 Distillers' grains powder

[0056] Preparation method of distillers' grains powder: Take fresh distillers' grains from white liquor, inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at room temperature, ferment for 6 days. After the fermented distillers' grains are pressed and dehydrated for 10 minutes, then dried at 60 - 80 °C until the moisture content is 10 - 12%, thus obtaining distillers' grains, and the nutrient components of the distillers' grains are controlled to have crude protein ≥ 20%.

[0057] 1.2 Basal diet

[0058] Preparation method of basal diet: First, air-dry corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, soybean oil, and stone powder separately, with the moisture content controlled below 15%. Then, crush the corn to make corn flour with a particle size of 2.0 - 4.0 mm. Weigh 61.0 kg of corn flour, 23.5 kg of soybean meal, 4.0 kg of wheat bran, 1.0 kg of soybean oil, and 8.0 kg of stone powder, mix them first and then crush them into coarse powder, and add 2.5 kg of premix and mix them to obtain the basal diet.

[0059] 1.3 Experimental animals

[0060] Select 96 healthy 290-day-old Changshun green-shell laying hens with no significant difference in body weight.

[0061] 1.4 Instrument and equipment

[0062] The main instrument and equipment are as follows:

[0063] 1. Color difference meter (NH3100): 3NH Technology Co., Ltd.

[0064] 2. Electronic balance (FA-1004): Shanghai Shunyu Hengping Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0065] 3. Eggshell strength meter (MA1): Nanjing Mingao Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0066] 4. Albumen height measuring instrument (MA2): Nanjing Mingao Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0067] 5. Roche colorimetric fan (MHY-18063): Nanjing Mingao Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0068] 6. Desktop low-speed refrigerated centrifuge (L3-5KR): Hunan Kecheng Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0069] 7. Microplate reader (SPECTRA MAX190): Meiguzi Instruments Co., Ltd.

[0070] 8. Incubator (BMJ-250C): Shanghai Boxun Medical and Biological Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0071] 2. Method

[0072] 2.1 Experimental design

[0073] Ninety-six 290-day-old Changshun green-shell laying hens were randomly divided into four groups, namely a control group (CK) and three experimental groups (experimental group EG 5 、experimental group EG 10 and experimental group EG 15 ). The CK group was fed a basal diet. In the experimental groups EG 5 (same as Example 3), experimental group EG 10 (same as Example 2) and experimental group EG 15 (same as Example 1), 5%, 10% and 15% distiller's grains powder were added to the diet respectively. Each group had 3 replicates, with 8 hens in each replicate. And the basic nutritional levels among groups were ensured to be consistent. The preliminary trial period was 1 week, and the formal trial period was 4 weeks. The diet was formulated with reference to the "Feeding Standards for Chickens" (NY / T 33—2004), and the diet composition and nutritional levels are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Appendix Table 1 Diet composition and nutritional levels (air-dried basis)

[0075]

[0076] Note: The premix provides 10,000 IU of vitamin A, 5,000 IU of vitamin D3, 25 IU of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 2 mg of vitamin B1, 5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 110 μg of vitamin B7, 18 μg of vitamin B12, 30 mg of niacinamide, 10 mg of pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg of folic acid, 0.005 g of copper, 0.0625 g of iron, 0.075 g of manganese, 0.06 g of zinc, 1.25 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.0125 g of lysine, 0.0875 g of methionine, 0.0025 g of threonine, 0.0025 g of tryptophan, 0.6 g of choline, 0.1 g of calcium, and 0.15 g of sodium chloride per kilogram of diet. The nutrient levels are calculated values.

[0077] 2.2 Feeding and management

[0078] During the experiment, all laying hens were kept in three-tier stepped cages in the same chicken house, with free access to food and water. Feed was added regularly three times a day (7:00, 12:00, 18:00). The light was kept constant for 16 h, combining natural light and artificial light (the light period was 6:00 - 22:00). The temperature and humidity changes in the house were recorded regularly every day, and the egg production, feed intake, etc. were recorded. The health status of the chicken flock was observed, and the chicken house was cleaned and disinfected according to the regulations.

[0079] 2.3 Sample collection

[0080] On the last day of the experiment, after fasting all laying hens for 12 h (19:00 - 7:00), 9 hens were randomly selected from each group, that is, 3 hens from each replicate. 5 ml of blood was collected from the wing vein into a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 3,000 r / min for 10 min to separate the serum, and stored at -80 °C for later use.

[0081] 2.4 Determination indexes and methods

[0082] 2.4.1 Determination of production performance

[0083] In the last week of feeding, the number of eggs produced, egg weight, and feed intake were recorded every day for each replicate group. The egg production rate, feed-to-egg ratio, average daily feed intake, and body weight of laying hens were measured.

[0084] 2.4.2 Determination of egg quality

[0085] In the last two days of the experiment, 3 eggs with intact appearance and similar average egg weight were randomly selected from each replicate group, a total of 72 eggs. The eggshell color, average egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, albumen height, yolk color, yolk weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, and Haugh unit were measured.

[0086] 2.4.3 Determination of serum biochemical indexes

[0087] Detect the activities of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX 4 ) and SOD in serum, and measure the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement C3, and C4. All the above detection kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, and the specific operations were carried out strictly according to the instructions. 2.4.4 Abdominal fat rate and immune organ index

[0088] On the last day of the experiment, after fasting all laying hens for 12 h, 6 hens were randomly selected from each group, that is, 2 hens from each replicate, and they were weighed after being killed by injecting an overdose of anesthetic. The abdominal fat and the fat around the gizzard were dissected and weighed, and the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were removed and weighed after removing the fat and blood stains. The abdominal fat rate and the indexes of each immune organ were calculated.

[0089] 2.5 Data processing and analysis

[0090] SPSS 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis. That is, for the data that met the conditions of normal distribution and homogeneity of variance, the LSD method in one-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons, and for the data that did not meet the above conditions, the Kruskal-Wallis method in nonparametric test was used for comparison. The results were all expressed as "mean ± standard deviation".

[0091] 3. Results and analysis

[0092] 3.1 Effects of distiller's grains powder on the production performance of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0093] As shown in Table 2, compared with the CK group, there were no significant differences in the laying rate, feed-to-egg ratio, average daily feed intake, soft egg rate, broken egg rate, and the body weight of laying hens in the experimental group (P≥0.05).

[0094] Table 2 Effects of distiller's grains powder on the production performance of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0095] Item CK <![CDATA[EG 5 > <![CDATA[EG 10 > <![CDATA[EG 15 > Egg production rate / % 0.388a±0.097 0.422a±0.121 0.509b±0.090 0.463ab ± 0.138 Feed to egg ratio 2.316±0.504 2.373±0.595 2.643±0.571 2.422±0.408 Average daily feed intake (g / bird) 127.500±9.487 131.500±11.434 140.281±8.668 134.125±8.279 Laying hen body weight / kg 2.488±0.314 2.485±0.283 2.383±0.385 2.342±0.357

[0096] Note: Different capital letters in the superscripts of the same row of data indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same lowercase letters or no superscripts indicate no significant differences (P≥0.05). The same applies to the following tables.

[0097] 3.2 Effects of distiller's grains powder on the egg quality of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0098] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the CK group, the L* value of the eggshell color in EG 5 significantly decreased (P<0.05), and in EG15 The eggshell weight increased significantly (P<0.05), while the egg shape index and yolk weight decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the CK group, the yolk color in the EG group gradually increased (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in other indicators (P≥0.05).

[0099] Table 3 Effects of distiller's grains powder on the egg quality of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0100]

[0101] 3.3 Effects of distiller's grains powder on the serum biochemical indices of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0102] As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the CK group, the serum T-AOC, SOD, and GPX4 activities in the experimental groups increased, and the SOD and GPX in the EG group 4 increased significantly (P<0.05). The serum MDA content in the experimental groups all decreased, but the differences were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The serum TC, TG, and LDL-C contents in the experimental groups showed a downward trend with the increase in the addition amount of distiller's grains powder, and decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the CK group, the serum TC concentration and LDL-C content in the experimental groups decreased significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the EG 10 and EG 15 group serum TG concentration decreased significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, the serum HDL-C content increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the CK group, the serum IgA content in the EG 10 and EG 15 groups increased significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the serum IgM content in the experimental groups increased significantly (P<0.05), and the serum C4 content in the EG 10 and EG15 groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, the serum IgG content showed a downward trend with the increase in the distiller's grains powder content, and the decrease was not significant (P≥0.05). The C3 content gradually increased, and the increase was not obvious (P≥0.05).

[0103] Table 4 Effects of distiller's grains powder on the serum biochemical indices of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0104] Item CK <![CDATA[EG 5 > <![CDATA[EG 10 > <![CDATA[EG 15 > T-AOC (mmol / mL) 0.5222±0.1079 0.5292±0.1379 0.5361±0.074 0.5332±0.1098 SOD (U / mL) <![CDATA[13.6298 b ±1.293]]> <![CDATA[15.7290 a ±1.09783]]> <![CDATA[17.2005 a ±1.275]]> <![CDATA[18.0782 a ±1.0851]]> GPX4 (U / mL) <![CDATA[21.5765 b ±1.6714]]> <![CDATA[26.4259 a ±1.2082]]> <![CDATA[23.8271 a ±1.9330]]> <![CDATA[26.5511 a ±1.5319]]> MDA (nmol / mL) <![CDATA[20.7096 a ±1.595]]> <![CDATA[16.4665 b ±2.217]]> <![CDATA[15.625 ab ±2.0233]]> <![CDATA[12.0551 b ±1.6901]]> TC (mmol / mL) <![CDATA[7.6776 a ±0.8751]]> <![CDATA[7.4341 ac ±0.9538]]> <![CDATA[6.6554 b ±0.9300]]> <![CDATA[6.5887 b ±0.718]]> TG (mmol / mL) <![CDATA[4.1778 a ±0.1359]]> <![CDATA[4.1309 a ±0.2954]]> <![CDATA[3.6904 b ±0.3683]]> <![CDATA[3.5814 b ±0.3315]]> LDL-C (mmol / mL) <![CDATA[1.3223 a ±0.0765]]> <![CDATA[1.1808 b ±0.8084]]> <![CDATA[1.081 c ±0.9667]]> <![CDATA[1.0112 c ±0.708 <!-- 7 -->]]> HDL-C (mmol / mL) <![CDATA[0.6975 b± 0.0214]]> <![CDATA[0.7441 ac ±0.05]]> <![CDATA[0.78 ac ±0.0418]]> <![CDATA[0.7811 a ±0.4429]]> IgM (mg / mL) <![CDATA[8.8127 b ±0.9224]]> <![CDATA[9.9144 ac ±0.6428]]> <![CDATA[10.022 ac ±0.7483]]> <![CDATA[11.1793 a ±1.2643]]> IgA (mg / mL) <![CDATA[3.283 b ±0.8531]]> <![CDATA[4.2735 ab ±1.4366]]> <![CDATA[4.7737 ac ±0.9434]]> <![CDATA[5.0938 a ±0.9510]]> IgG (mg / mL) 9.844±1.7582 10..5704±1.7324 10.4941±1.03424 11.4257±2.9928 <![CDATA[C 3 (ug / mL)]]> 231.7114±11.5474 230.4857±11.4873 229.2943±16.2382 222.7186±9.3231 <![CDATA[C 4 (ug / mL)]]> <![CDATA[49.4626 a ±2.6794]]> <![CDATA[33.8219 ab ±0.973]]> <![CDATA[29.6003 b ±0.973]]> <![CDATA[27.0339 c ±0.6033]]>

[0105] 4. Discussion

[0106] 4.1 Effects of distiller's grains powder on the production performance of Changshun green-shell laying hens

[0107] This study found that feeding compound nutritional distillers' grains feed to Changshun Green-shell laying hens had no significant effect on egg production rate, feed-to-egg ratio, average daily feed intake, and the body weight of laying hens. It indicated that feeding compound nutritional distillers' grains feed to Changshun Green-shell laying hens did not affect their production performance.

[0108] 4.2 Effects of distillers' grains powder on egg quality of Changshun Green-shell laying hens

[0109] When Changshun Green-shell laying hens were fed with compound nutritional distillers' grains feed, the eggshell weight increased significantly. At the same time, compared with the control group, the egg yolk color increased significantly. When adding 10% - 15%, it could significantly improve the egg yolk color of eggs. Adding 5%, 10%, and 15% of distillers' grains powder to the diet of Changshun Green-shell laying hens had no significant effect on average egg weight, eggshell strength, albumen height, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit, so it had no adverse effect on average egg weight, eggshell strength, albumen height, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit.

[0110] 4.3 Effects of distillers' grains powder on blood biochemical indexes of Changshun Green-shell laying hens

[0111] Blood biochemical indexes can determine the physiological state of laying hens and are of great significance for their health evaluation. The increase in the levels of SOD, GPX 4 and T-AOC in the body can effectively inhibit the generation of free radicals and protect the body from oxidative stress damage. As a lipid oxidation product, MDA has cytotoxic effects and can directly reflect the degree of lipid peroxidation in the body. This study found that compared with the CK group, the serum T-AOC and SOD levels in the experimental group both increased. Among them, the T-AOC level in the EG 6 group and the SOD level in the EG 9 group increased significantly. The serum MDA content in the experimental group all decreased, but the difference was not significant. It indicated that feeding compound nutritional distillers' grains feed to Changshun Green-shell laying hens could improve their antioxidant capacity, and the effect was most obvious when the addition amount was 10% - 15%.

[0112] TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C are important indexes reflecting the lipid metabolism state of the body. High blood TG, TC, and LDL-C are important causes of atherosclerosis, but HDL-C plays an anti-atherosclerotic role. This study found that compared with the CK group, the serum TC concentration in the three experimental groups decreased significantly or extremely significantly. The serum TG concentration in the EG 10 and EG 15 groups decreased significantly or extremely significantly, but the serum LDL-C and HDL-C contents had no significant change. It indicated that feeding compound nutritional distillers' grains feed to Changshun Green-shell laying hens could effectively reduce the serum TC and TG contents, and the effect was most obvious when the addition amount was 10% - 15%, improving the body's lipid metabolism.

[0113] The level of immunoglobulin in poultry blood is directly related to the strength of its immune function. This study found that compared with the CK group, EG10 and EG 15 The serum IgA content in the group was significantly or extremely significantly increased, and the serum IgM content in the EG 15 group was significantly increased. It shows that feeding the compound nutrient distiller's grains feed to Changshun Green-shell laying hens can effectively improve their immune ability.

[0114] 5. Conclusion

[0115] Feeding the compound nutrient distiller's grains feed to Changshun Green-shell laying hens does not affect their production performance and egg quality, and can effectively improve the body's lipid metabolism, antioxidant ability and immune ability.

Claims

1. A composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens, characterized in that: The feed is calculated by weight and is made of 500-570 parts of corn, 140-220 parts of soybean meal, 50-80 parts of wheat bran, 8-15 parts of soybean oil, 70-90 parts of stone powder, 20-30 parts of premix and 50-150 parts of distiller's grains powder.

2. The composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed is calculated by weight and is made of 510-565 parts of corn, 160-205 parts of soybean meal, 65 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of soybean oil, 80 parts of stone powder, 25 parts of premix and 50-150 parts of distiller's grains powder.

3. The composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feed is calculated by weight and is made of 510-535 parts of corn, 160-185 parts of soybean meal, 65 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of soybean oil, 80 parts of stone powder, 25 parts of premix and 100-150 parts of distiller's grains powder.

4. The composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, folic acid, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, choline, calcium, and sodium chloride.

5. The composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to claim 4, characterized in that: The premix contains 10000 IU of vitamin A, 5000 IU of vitamin D3, 25 IU of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 2 mg of vitamin B1, 5 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 110 μg of vitamin B7, 18 μg of vitamin B12, 30 mg of niacinamide, 10 mg of pantothenic acid, 1.2 mg of folic acid, 0.005 g of copper, 0.0625 g of iron, 0.075 g of manganese, 0.06 g of zinc, 1.25 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.0125 g of lysine, 0.0875 g of methionine, 0.0025 g of threonine, 0.0025 g of tryptophan, 0.6 g of choline, 0.1 g of calcium, and 0.15 g of sodium chloride per 25 g.

6. The method for preparing the composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preparation method is carried out according to the following steps: (1) taking fresh liquor lees and inoculating 5% of brewer's yeast at room temperature, fermenting for 3-20 days, squeezing and dehydrating the fermented lees for 8-12 minutes, and then drying at a temperature of 60-80° C. to a moisture content of 10-12%, thereby obtaining lees, wherein the nutritional content of the lees is controlled to be ≥20% crude protein; (2) First, the corn and soybean meal are air-dried respectively, and the moisture content of the corn is controlled to be below 14%, and the moisture content of the soybean meal is controlled to be below 12%. Then, the corn is crushed to prepare corn flour with a particle size of 2.0-4.0 mm. Then, the crushed corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, soybean oil and stone powder are weighed and mixed according to the formula ratio. Then, the premix and distiller's grains powder are added according to the ratio and fully mixed to obtain a composite nutritional distiller's grains feed.

7. The method for preparing the composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (1), when the room temperature is 20-30° C., fresh liquor lees are inoculated with 5% brewer's yeast and fermented for 3-7 days.

8. The method for preparing the composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (1), when the room temperature is 10-20° C., fresh liquor lees are inoculated with 5% brewer's yeast and fermented for 7-15 days.

9. The method for preparing the composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (1), when the normal temperature is 0-10° C., 5% of brewer's yeast is inoculated and fermented for 15-20 days.

10. The method for preparing the composite nutritional distiller's grains feed for green-shell laying hens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (2), the total moisture content is controlled below 13%, and the wheat bran, soybean oil and stone powder all meet the national feed standards.

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