Machining head and machining machine tool

Abstract

The invention provides a machining head and a machining machine tool, the machining head comprises a main shaft assembly, a driving mechanism and a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission belt, a driving belt wheel, a first driven belt wheel, a second driven belt wheel, a first driving gear, a second driving gear, a driven gear and an anti-backlash assembly; the clearance eliminating assembly comprises a clearance adjusting wheel and a spiral adjusting part, and the circumferential surface of the clearance adjusting wheel abuts against the outer side surface of the transmission belt between the first driven belt wheel and the second driven belt wheel; or the circumferential surface of the gap adjusting wheel is simultaneously propped against the outer side surface of the transmission belt between the driving belt wheel and the first driven belt wheel and between the driving belt wheel and the second driven belt wheel; the spiral adjusting part is used for driving the gap adjusting wheel to move towards or away from the transmission belt. By means of the machining head, the gap adjusting amount can be accurately controlled, and relative stability can be kept for a long time after gap adjusting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of machine tools, and particularly to a machining head and a machining machine tool. Background Art

[0002] As a core component of a numerically controlled machine tool (especially a five-axis linkage machining center), the performance of the machining head directly affects the accuracy, stability, and machining efficiency of the entire machine tool.

[0003] Currently, some machining heads of numerically controlled machine tools adopt a direct drive motor drive or an ordinary reducer drive mode. Among them, the former improves the dynamic response speed, but its torque output is greatly limited, and it is difficult to dissipate heat, unable to meet the high stiffness requirements in application scenarios such as heavy cutting or cutting of difficult-to-machine materials; the latter usually is equipped with a backlash elimination mechanism using hydraulic preloading or elastic element compensation to reduce impact and noise. However, the hydraulic backlash elimination mechanism requires regular replacement of seals, and the maintenance cost is high; while the elastic backlash elimination mechanism is prone to positioning drift under alternating loads, it is difficult to maintain long-term stability, and the dynamic accuracy decays over time. In addition, existing backlash elimination mechanisms (for example, Chinese Patent Document CN111922739A) attempt to use a double gear drive mechanism to reduce the tooth side clearance, but it is difficult to accurately control the adjustment amount. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of this application aim to solve at least one of the problems in the prior art. Embodiments of this application provide a machining head and a machining machine tool, which can more accurately control the adjustment amount and can maintain relative stability for a long time after adjustment.

[0005] The related technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are as follows:

[0006] The first aspect of the embodiments of this application provides a machining head, including:

[0007] A spindle assembly, including a spindle and a spindle box, and the spindle is installed in the spindle box;

[0008] A drive mechanism, including a motor; and

[0009] The transmission mechanism includes a belt drive assembly, a gear drive assembly, and a rotating base. The belt drive assembly includes a driving pulley, a first driven pulley, and a second driven pulley that are connected by a transmission belt. The gear drive assembly includes a driven gear, a first driving gear, and a second driving gear that are respectively meshed with the driven gear. The driving pulley is drivingly connected to the output end of the motor. The first driven pulley is drivingly connected to the first driving gear. The second driven pulley is drivingly connected to the second driving gear. The driven gear is drivingly connected to the input end of the rotating base. The rotating base is used to drive the headstock to rotate. Among them, the transmission mechanism further includes a backlash elimination assembly. The backlash elimination assembly includes an adjusting wheel and a screw adjusting member. The circumferential surface of the adjusting wheel abuts against the outer surface of the transmission belt between the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley, or the circumferential surface of the adjusting wheel simultaneously abuts against the outer surfaces of the transmission belts between the driving pulley and the first driven pulley and between the driving pulley and the second driven pulley. The screw adjusting member is used to drive the adjusting wheel to move towards or away from the transmission belt.

[0010] Optionally, the processing head further includes a processing head base. The backlash elimination assembly further includes an adjusting bracket and an adjusting wheel shaft. The adjusting bracket is fixedly installed on the processing head base. The adjusting wheel shaft can move relative to the adjusting bracket under the action of the screw adjusting member to approach or move away from the transmission belt. The adjusting wheel is rotatably arranged on the adjusting bracket through the adjusting wheel shaft.

[0011] Optionally, the adjusting wheel and the screw adjusting member are located outside a section of the transmission belt between the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley. The adjusting wheel shaft is located between the screw adjusting member and the transmission belt. A screw hole adapted to the screw adjusting member is provided on the adjusting bracket. The screw adjusting member passes through the screw hole to drive the adjusting wheel shaft to approach or move away from the transmission belt.

[0012] Optionally, a first guiding structure is provided on the adjusting bracket, and a second guiding structure adapted to the first guiding structure is provided on the adjusting wheel shaft. One of the first guiding structure and the second guiding structure is a chute structure and the other is a convex block structure. The opening width of the chute structure is greater than the bottom width of the chute structure, and / or the protruding end width of the convex block structure is less than the root width of the convex block structure.

[0013] Optionally, scale lines are provided on the adjusting bracket along the extending direction of the first guiding structure. The abutting positions of the circumferential surface of the adjusting wheel on the outer surface of the transmission belt are equidistant from the pulley centers of the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley respectively.

[0014] Optionally, the backlash elimination assembly further includes a pushing block fixedly connected to the gap adjusting wheel shaft. A through groove is formed in the pushing block, and a notch is formed on the surface of the through groove perpendicular to the extending direction of the spiral adjusting member. An annular groove is formed on the circumferential surface of the spiral adjusting member, and the spiral adjusting member cooperates with the two side walls of the through groove through the annular groove.

[0015] Optionally, there are two sets of the backlash elimination assemblies. Each set of the backlash elimination assemblies includes a gap adjusting wheel and a spiral adjusting member. One set of the gap adjusting wheels is located outside a section of the transmission belt between the driving pulley and the first driven pulley, and the other set of the gap adjusting wheels is located outside a section of the transmission belt between the driving pulley and the second driven pulley.

[0016] Optionally, the transmission belt is divided into three sections between the driving pulley, the first driven pulley, and the second driven pulley in pairs. The transmission mechanism further includes a tensioning assembly for tensioning the transmission belt, and the tensioning assembly and the backlash elimination assembly are respectively located outside different sections of the transmission belt.

[0017] Optionally, the driving pulley, the first driven pulley, and the second driven pulley are arranged in a triangle. The first driven pulley and the first driving gear are connected by a speed reducer in a transmission manner, and the second driven pulley and the second driving gear are connected by a speed reducer in a transmission manner; the transmission belt is a synchronous belt.

[0018] In the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a processing machine tool is provided. The processing machine tool includes the processing head in one of the foregoing implementation manners.

[0019] The technical solution of the processing head in the embodiments of the present application at least has the following technical effects: The backlash elimination assembly of the processing head provided in the embodiments of the present application drives the gap adjusting wheel to abut against the outer surface of the transmission belt, so that the transmission belt is tensioned inward. The transmission belt tensioned inward applies two rotation torques with opposite rotation directions to the two driven pulleys respectively. Under the action of the two rotation torques, the teeth of the first driving gear and the second driving gear in the meshing state respectively abut against the opposite meshing surfaces of the corresponding two teeth of the driven gear. In this case, during the process of the motor changing from forward driving to reverse driving, the gear transmission hardly has or significantly reduces the backlash caused by the tooth side clearance, so as to achieve the purpose of eliminating or reducing the tooth side clearance. More importantly, the backlash elimination assembly in the embodiments of the present application uses a spiral adjusting member to control the magnitude of the displacement of the gap adjusting wheel moving towards or away from the transmission belt (i.e., the magnitude of the gap adjustment amount), can accurately control the gap adjustment amount, and can maintain long-term stability after the gap adjustment, and there will be no positioning drift under alternating loads.

[0020] It is not difficult to understand that the relevant technical solutions of the processing machine tool in the embodiments of the present application at least also have the corresponding technical effects of the technical solutions of the processing head, which will not be elaborated here.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the present application will be given in part in the following description. Thus, some will become apparent from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a processing head in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a processing head in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG. 3(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a belt drive assembly, a backlash elimination assembly, a tensioning assembly, etc. in a processing head in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of another perspective of FIG. 3(a) (the viewing direction is from bottom to top);

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of main transmission components of a transmission mechanism of a processing head in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the backlash elimination principle of a backlash elimination assembly in some embodiments of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 is an exploded view of a backlash elimination assembly of a processing head in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG. 7(a) is an assembly schematic diagram of a backlash elimination bracket, a backlash elimination wheel shaft, and a push block in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG. 7(b) is an assembly schematic diagram of a screw adjustment member, a backlash elimination wheel shaft, and a push block in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG. 7(c) is an assembly schematic diagram of a screw adjustment member and a push block in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG. 7(d) is a schematic structural diagram of a backlash elimination bracket in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG. 7(e) is a schematic structural diagram of a backlash elimination wheel shaft in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the backlash elimination principle of a backlash elimination assembly in some alternative embodiments of the present application.

[0035] In the figures:

[0036] 10 - Spindle assembly, 12 - Spindle box; 20 - Driving mechanism, 21 - Motor, 22 - Motor mounting base; 30 - Transmission mechanism, 31 - Belt drive assembly, 311 - First driven pulley, 312 - Second driven pulley, 313 - Driving pulley, 314 - Transmission belt, 32 - Reducer assembly, 321 - First reducer, 322 - Second reducer, 33 - Gear drive assembly, 331 - First driving gear, 332 - Second driving gear, 333 - Driven gear, 34 - Backlash elimination assembly, 341 - Adjusting wheel, 342 - Spiral adjusting member, 343 - Adjusting bracket, 3431 - First guiding structure, 344 - Adjusting wheel shaft, 3441 - Second guiding structure, 345 - Stopper, 346 - Pushing block, 3461 - Through groove, 347 - Adjusting wheel bearing, 35 - Tensioning assembly, 36 - Rotary base; 40 - Machining head base. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art.

[0038] Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings of embodiments can also be obtained according to the technical solutions shown in these drawings.

[0039] It should be understood that the "plurality" mentioned herein refers to two or more. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or", for example, "A / B" means A or B; the "and / or" herein is only a description of the relationship between associated objects, and it means that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, etc. The above three situations.

[0040] In addition, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and effects are distinguished by using expressions such as "first" or "second". Those skilled in the art can understand that the expressions such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and the expressions such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit to be different.

[0041] The "installation", "connection", and "setting" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application include direct installation / connection / setting, and also include indirect installation / connection / setting; include detachable installation / connection / setting, and also include non-detachable installation / connection / setting; include fixed installation / connection / setting, and also include movable installation / connection / setting.

[0042] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a machining head for a machining tool. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the machining head includes a spindle assembly 10, a driving mechanism 20, and a transmission mechanism 30.

[0043] The spindle assembly 10 includes a spindle and a spindle box 12, and the spindle is installed in the spindle box 12.

[0044] The driving mechanism 20 includes a motor 21. Specifically, the motor 21 can be a servo motor.

[0045] The transmission mechanism 30 includes a belt transmission assembly 31, a gear transmission assembly 33, and a rotating base 36. As shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the belt transmission assembly 31 includes a driving pulley 313, a first driven pulley 311, and a second driven pulley 312 that are drivingly connected by a transmission belt 314. The driving pulley 313 is drivingly connected to the output end of the motor 21. The transmission belt 314 is preferably a synchronous belt, such as a trapezoidal tooth synchronous belt, an arc tooth synchronous belt, or a parabolic tooth synchronous belt, etc. The motor 21 drives the driving pulley 313 to rotate, and the driving pulley 313 drives both the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 to rotate.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 4 , the gear transmission assembly 33 includes a first driving gear 331, a second driving gear 332, and a driven gear 333. The first driving gear 331 and the second driving gear 332 are respectively meshed with the driven gear 333, so as to transmit power to the driven gear 333. The first driven pulley 311 is drivingly connected to the first driving gear 331, and the second driven pulley 312 is drivingly connected to the second driving gear 332. That is to say, the driving pulley 313 transmits power to the driven gear 333 through a first transmission chain including the first driven pulley 311 and the first driving gear 331 and a second transmission chain including the second driven pulley 312 and the second driving gear 332 respectively. Please refer to Figure 1 , the driven gear 333 is drivingly connected to the input end of the rotating base 36, so that the driven gear 333 drives the rotating base 36 to rotate. The rotating base 36 can be a bearing housing. The rotating base 36 is used to drive the spindle box 12 to rotate. Specifically, the housing of the spindle box 12 is fixedly connected circumferentially to the bearing housing serving as the rotating base 36, so that the spindle box 12 rotates following the rotating base 36. The spindle is installed in the spindle box 12, so the spindle can revolve around the rotation center axis of the rotating base 36.

[0047] Please refer to FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), and Figure 8The transmission mechanism 30 further includes a backlash elimination assembly 34, which includes a backlash adjustment wheel 341 and a spiral adjustment member 342. The spiral adjustment member 342 is used to drive the backlash adjustment wheel 341 to move toward or away from the transmission belt 314. The circumferential surface of the backlash adjustment wheel 341 abuts against the outer surface of the transmission belt 314 between the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 (such as Figures 1 to 7(e) ), or the circumferential surface of the gap adjustment wheel 341 simultaneously abuts against the outer surface of the transmission belt 314 between the driving pulley 313 and the first driven pulley 311 and between the driving pulley 313 and the second driven pulley 312 (as shown in Figure 8 The gap adjustment wheel 341 can be set to have a shape with larger diameters at both ends and smaller diameters in the middle along its axial direction (its longitudinal section is an I-shaped shape), and the transmission belt 314 is just stuck in the concave part with smaller diameter in the middle.

[0048] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, in addition to the close contact, the abutment also requires that there is an action or reaction force between the two. The screw adjustment member 342 can be a screw, a bolt, a stud or a ball screw, etc. The thread on the screw adjustment member 342 can be a trapezoidal thread, a rectangular thread, a serrated thread or a ball screw thread, etc.

[0049] The backlash elimination of gear transmission mechanism can reduce the return error in the transmission process by reducing or eliminating the side clearance, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of gear transmission. It is generally believed that the backlash in the gear transmission mechanism is difficult to completely eliminate, so it should be reduced as much as possible.

[0050] Figure 5 The anti-backlash principle of the technical solution of some embodiments of the present application is shown. It should be noted that although Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the processing head is also provided with a tensioning assembly 35, and a section of the transmission belt 314 provided with the tensioning assembly 35 is also concave as a whole, but under the action of the tensioning assembly 35, the entire transmission belt 314 is tensioned, and the force at any position in the length direction of the entire transmission belt 314 is the same, so the section of the transmission belt 314 provided with the tensioning assembly 35 can be simplified to a straight outer contour. The anti-backlash assembly of the processing head provided in the embodiment of the present application drives the backlash adjustment wheel 341 to press against the outer surface of the transmission belt 314, so that the transmission belt 314 is tensioned inwardly. After a section of the transmission belt 314 is tightened inwardly, different forces will be applied to the circumferential surfaces of the pulleys at both ends thereof. The applied force is located on the circumferential surface of the pulley and away from the rotation center of the pulley, thereby forming a rotational torque that drives the pulley to rotate. The force applied to the two pulleys is decomposed into components in the direction of the line connecting the centers of the two pulleys, and the components point to each other. Therefore, the rotation directions of the rotation torque applied to the two pulleys are opposite to each other, one is clockwise and the other is counterclockwise. Figure 5Among them, the driving pulley 313, the first driven pulley 311, and the second driven pulley 312 all rotate in the same direction under the action of the rotational torque M output by the motor 21. At the same time, the transmission belt 314 tensioned inward applies the rotational torque M 1 to the first driven pulley 311 and applies the rotational torque M 2 to the second driven pulley 312. It is not difficult to understand that the rotational torque M 1 and the rotational torque M 2 are both smaller than the rotational torque M, and the size relationship between the rotational torque M 1 and the rotational torque M 2 can be arbitrary.

[0051] The rotational torques M 1 and M 2 with opposite rotational directions applied to the two pulleys are transmitted to the first driving gear 331 and the second driving gear 332 through two transmission chains respectively. The first driving gear 331 and the second driving gear 332 are respectively engaged on both sides of the driven gear 333. Under the action of the rotational torques M 1 and M 2 in different rotational directions, the engaged teeth of the first driving gear 331 and the second driving gear 332 respectively abut against the opposite meshing surfaces of the corresponding two teeth of the driven gear 333. In this case, during the process of the motor 21 changing from forward drive to reverse drive, the gear transmission hardly has or significantly reduces the backlash caused by the tooth side clearance, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating or reducing the tooth side clearance.

[0052] The existing backlash elimination mechanisms usually strive to reduce the tooth side clearance and cannot accurately control the adjustment amount. This will result in the tooth side clearance being reduced but still unable to achieve the desired result. However, in the embodiment of the present application, the component of the backlash elimination assembly for controlling the magnitude of the displacement (i.e., the magnitude of the adjustment amount) of the adjustment wheel 341 moving towards or away from the transmission belt 314 is the screw adjustment member 342. Compared with driving the adjustment wheel 341 to move towards the transmission belt 314 by using an elastic element or other components, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can more accurately control the adjustment amount, and can maintain long-term stability after adjustment and will not produce positioning drift under alternating loads.

[0053] Further, in some embodiments of the present application, please refer to Figure 4The connecting line of the pulley centers of the driving pulley 313, the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 forms a triangular layout, that is, the driving pulley 313, the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 are arranged in a triangle. The transmission belt 314 is a synchronous belt. The transmission mechanism 30 also includes a reducer assembly 32, and the reducer assembly 32 includes a first reducer 321 and a second reducer 322. The first driven pulley 311 is connected to the first driving gear 331 through the first reducer 321, and the second driven pulley 312 is connected to the second driving gear 332 through the second reducer 322.

[0054] The introduction of the first reducer 321 and the second reducer 322 can further improve the output torque of the transmission mechanism 30. It can be understood that the first reducer 321 and the second reducer 322 include not only the reducers / speed reducers sold on the market, but also any transmission components designed or manufactured by themselves that can achieve deceleration and torque increase. The power transmission components of the first transmission chain are, from upstream to downstream, the driving pulley 313, the first driven pulley 311, the first reducer 321, the first driving gear 331 and the driven gear 333, and the power transmission components of the second transmission chain are, from upstream to downstream, the driving pulley 313, the second driven pulley 312, the second reducer 322, the second driving gear 332 and the driven gear 333.

[0055] Furthermore, the pulley centers of the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 are equidistant from the pulley center of the driving pulley 313, that is, the connecting line of the pulley centers of the driving pulley 313, the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 forms an isosceles triangle layout, and the pulley center of the driving pulley 313 is located at the vertex of the isosceles triangle. The symmetrically arranged double transmission chain not only makes each transmission component on the transmission chain evenly stressed and thus reduces wear, but also helps to simplify the physical model for calculating the gap adjustment amount, thereby facilitating the calculation of the gap adjustment amount of the gap adjustment component according to the desired reduction in the tooth side clearance.

[0056] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the processing head further includes a processing head base 40. It can be understood that the processing head base 40 can be the outer shell of the processing head, and the outer shell is used as the installation base for the components of the processing head. As shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the backlash elimination assembly 34 further includes an adjustment bracket 343 and an adjustment wheel shaft 344. The adjustment bracket 343 is fixedly installed on the processing head base 40. The adjustment wheel shaft 344 can move relative to the adjustment bracket 343 under the action of the screw adjustment member 342 to approach or move away from the transmission belt 314. The adjustment wheel 341 is rotatably arranged on the adjustment bracket 343 through the adjustment wheel shaft 344. The screw adjustment member 342 drives the adjustment wheel shaft 344 to move so that the adjustment wheel 341 approaches or moves away from the transmission belt 314, and the screw adjustment member 342 can more accurately control the displacement size of the adjustment wheel 341 approaching or moving away from the transmission belt 314.

[0057] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the adjustment wheel 341 and the screw adjustment member 342 are located outside a section of the transmission belt 314 between the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312. The adjustment wheel shaft 344 is located between the screw adjustment member 342 and the transmission belt 314. The adjustment bracket 343 is provided with a screw hole adapted to the screw adjustment member 342, and the screw adjustment member 342 passes through the screw hole to drive the adjustment wheel shaft 344 to approach or move away from the transmission belt 314. The adjustment wheel 341 and the screw adjustment member 342 cooperate to tension a section of the transmission belt 314 between the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312, so as to apply rotational torques with different rotational directions to the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 respectively, thereby reducing the backlash of the transmission mechanism 30.

[0058] Optionally, in some alternative embodiments of the present application, as Figure 8 shown, there are two sets of backlash elimination assemblies 34. Each set of backlash elimination assemblies 34 includes an adjustment wheel 341 and a screw adjustment member 342. One set of adjustment wheels 341 is located outside a section of the transmission belt 314 between the driving pulley 313 and the first driven pulley 311, and the other set of adjustment wheels 341 is located outside a section of the transmission belt 314 between the driving pulley 313 and the second driven pulley 312. Similarly, due to the presence of the two sets of backlash elimination assemblies 34, the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 are respectively applied with rotational torques M 1 and M 2 .

[0059] The spiral adjusting member 342 and the threaded hole form a threaded transmission pair. By rotating the spiral adjusting member 342, a linear motion is generated relative to the threaded hole, so that the spiral adjusting member 342 generates a linear displacement relative to the clearance adjusting bracket 343. The spiral adjusting member 342 drives the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344 to approach or move away from the transmission belt 314, and the clearance adjusting wheel 341 can rotate around the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344 as a rotation axis. When the threaded transmission pair formed by the spiral adjusting member 342 and the threaded hole rotates one week, the magnitude of the linear motion displacement generated is determined by the thread parameters, so that the clearance adjustment amount (i.e., the displacement magnitude of the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344 in the direction perpendicular to the transmission belt 314) can be controlled more accurately.

[0060] Figure 6 and Figures 7(a) to 7(e) One more specific implementation manner of some embodiments of the present application is given. A threaded hole is provided on one side of the clearance adjusting bracket 343. It can be understood that the threaded hole can be directly opened on the surface of one side of the clearance adjusting bracket 343, or can be opened on another component (this component is installed on the surface of one side of the clearance adjusting bracket 343). For example, in Figure 6 the clearance eliminating assembly 34 further includes a stop block 345, the threaded hole is opened on the stop block 345, and the stop block 345 is installed on the surface of one side of the clearance adjusting bracket 343. After installation, the surface of the stop block 345 is substantially flush with other areas of the surface of this side of the clearance adjusting bracket 343. The spiral adjusting member 342 (such as a bolt) passes through the threaded hole of the stop block 345 and faces the outer peripheral surface of the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344. The clearance adjusting wheel 341 rotates around the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344 through the clearance adjusting wheel bearing 347.

[0061] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, please refer to Figures 7(a) to 7(e) , a first guiding structure 3431 is provided on the clearance adjusting bracket 343, and a second guiding structure 3441 adapted to the first guiding structure 3431 is provided on the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344. One of the first guiding structure 3431 and the second guiding structure 3441 is a chute structure and the other is a convex block structure. Among them, the opening width of the chute structure is greater than the bottom width of the chute structure, and / or the protruding end width of the convex block structure is less than the root width of the convex block structure. That is to say, on the side where the opening of the chute structure is located, the cross-sectional shape of the opening narrows along the direction in which the chute structure is inserted; and / or on the protruding end of the convex block structure, the longitudinal section shape of the convex block structure narrows along the direction of inserting into the chute structure.

[0062] In Fig. 7(e), second guiding structures 3441 are provided on both sides of the outer peripheral surface of the gap adjusting wheel shaft 344, and the second guiding structures 3441 are chute structures; first guiding structures 3431 adapted to the second guiding structures 3441 are provided on the gap adjusting bracket 343, and the first guiding structures 3431 are bump structures. It can be understood that the first guiding structures 3431 can also be chute structures, while the second guiding structures 3441 are bump structures. A cavity can also be provided in the middle of the gap adjusting wheel shaft 344 in its left-right direction, and a chute structure or a bump structure is provided on the side wall of the cavity, and the gap adjusting bracket 343 is provided with a slideway capable of penetrating the cavity of the gap adjusting wheel shaft 344, and the cavity of the gap adjusting wheel shaft 344 slides along the slideway of the gap adjusting bracket 343. A bump structure or a chute structure can be provided on one of the side wall of the cavity and the slideway, and the other is provided with a chute structure or a bump structure.

[0063] Under the mutual cooperation of the first guiding structure 3431 and the second guiding structure 3441, the gap adjusting wheel shaft 344 is restricted to have only one degree of freedom, that is, the movement along the extending direction of the first guiding structure 3431. Therefore, the gap adjusting wheel shaft 344 will not fall off and will not deviate from its direction to other angles (as shown in Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b)).

[0064] As shown in Fig. 7(d) and Fig. 7(e), the bump structure as the first guiding structure 3431 has a guiding portion in at least a partial area of the extending end, and the shape of the longitudinal section of the guiding portion gradually narrows along the direction of inserting into the chute structure. That is to say, the thickness of the bump structure at the end of the extending end is the smallest. During the process of inserting the bump structure into the chute structure, the guiding portion is first inserted into the cavity defined by the chute structure. The guiding portion with a smaller thickness is more likely to be inserted into the cavity defined by the chute structure with the same thickness or a larger thickness. It can be understood that the chute structure as the second guiding structure 3441 can also be provided with a guiding portion in at least a partial area on the side where the opening is located, and the shape of the cross section of the opening of the guiding portion gradually narrows along the direction of inserting the chute structure, that is, the opening of the chute structure on the surface where the opening is located is the largest. As it goes deeper into the cavity, the opening gradually closes until it no longer becomes smaller. The guiding portion with a larger opening is more likely to guide the bump structure with the same thickness or a smaller thickness to be inserted.

[0065] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, in Fig. 7(d), scale lines are provided on the gap adjusting bracket 343 along the extending direction of the first guiding structure 3431. The extending direction of the first guiding structure 3431 is also the linear movement direction of the screw adjusting member 342. The provision of the scale lines helps the operator to more accurately control the magnitude of the linear displacement of the screw adjusting member 342 (i.e., the magnitude of the gap adjustment).

[0066] Further, in some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the distance from the circumferential surface of the clearance adjusting wheel 341 to the center of each pulley of the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 at the abutting position on the outer surface of the transmission belt 314 is equal, that is, the clearance adjusting wheel 341 abuts at a certain position on the midline of the line connecting the centers of the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312. Even if the abutting position of the clearance adjusting wheel 341 is not on this midline, the flank clearance can also be reduced. However, designing the abutting position on this midline is beneficial to simplifying the calculation of the clearance adjustment amount.

[0067] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the backlash eliminating assembly 34 further includes a pushing block 346. The pushing block 346 is fixedly connected to the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344, and a through groove 3461 is formed in the pushing block 346. The through groove 3461 forms a notch on the surface perpendicular to the extending direction of the screw adjusting member 342.

[0068] The screw adjusting member 342 is provided with an annular groove on its own circumferential surface. The screw adjusting member 342 cooperates with the two side walls of the through groove 3461 through the annular groove, so that the screw adjusting member 342 cannot pass through the through groove 3461 along the through direction of the through groove 3461. The outer diameter d of the other part of the screw adjusting member 342 except the annular groove in the axial direction is greater than the opening width l of the through groove 3461. Further, at least the outer diameter d of one end of the screw adjusting member 342 facing the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344 is greater than the opening width l of the through groove 3461, so that the screw adjusting member 342 cannot pass through the through groove 3461 along the through direction of the through groove 3461.

[0069] The pushing block 346 is fixedly connected to the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344. Therefore, the linear motion of the pushing block 346 can drive the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344 to move in the same direction by the same displacement. The outer diameter d of the screw adjusting member 342 is greater than the opening width l of the through groove 3461. Thus, when the screw adjusting member 342 moves in the direction away from the transmission belt 314, it can drive the pushing block 346 to move in the same direction, and further make the clearance adjusting wheel shaft 344 move away from the transmission belt 314 (that is, the clearance adjusting wheel 341 also moves away from the transmission belt 314). With such a setting, the screw rotation of the screw adjusting member 342 can not only drive the clearance adjusting wheel 341 to approach the transmission belt 314, but also drive the clearance adjusting wheel 341 to move away from the transmission belt 314.

[0070] Optionally, in the embodiments of the present application, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b), the transmission belt 314 is divided into three segments between the driving pulley 313, the first driven pulley 311 and the second driven pulley 312 pairwise. The transmission mechanism further includes a tensioning assembly 35 for tensioning the transmission belt 314. The tensioning assembly 35 and the backlash elimination assembly 34 are respectively located outside different segments of the transmission belt 314. Although the backlash adjustment assembly 34 also plays a role in tensioning to some extent, the adjustment amount is usually fine-tuning and its tensioning effect is relatively slight. In addition, before adjusting the clearance, tensioning must be carried out in advance. When the transmission belt 314 is in a loose state, it is impossible to accurately adjust the clearance according to the clearance adjustment amount calculation formula. Therefore, in addition to the backlash adjustment assembly 34, a tensioning assembly 35 should also be provided. For the convenience of operation, the tensioning assembly 35 and the backlash elimination assembly 34 are respectively located outside different segments of the transmission belt 314.

[0071] Optionally, in the embodiments of the present application, as Figure 1 shown, the rotation axis of the rotating base 36 forms an angle of 45° with the axis of the main shaft. When the spindle box 12 rotates around the rotation axis of the rotating base 36, the axis of the main shaft in the spindle box 12 can be switched between the horizontal state and the vertical state, so that the machining head is applied to a vertical and horizontal machining machine tool. It can be understood that according to needs, the angle between the two can also be other angles.

[0072] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a machining machine tool. In some embodiments of the present application, the machining machine tool includes the machining head described in one of the foregoing embodiments. The machining machine tool can be a vertical and horizontal machining machine tool. In the vertical working mode, the axis of the main shaft of the machining head is in the vertical state; in the horizontal working mode, the axis of the main shaft of the machining head is in the horizontal state.

[0073] Configuring the machining head described in one of the foregoing embodiments of the present application can accurately control the clearance adjustment amount and can maintain relative stability for a long time after the clearance adjustment.

[0074] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and of course, the scope of the rights of the present application cannot be limited thereby. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application still fall within the scope covered by the present application.

Claims

1. A processing head, characterized in that: include: A spindle assembly, comprising a spindle and a spindle box, wherein the spindle is installed in the spindle box; a drive mechanism, including a motor; and A transmission mechanism, comprising a belt transmission assembly, a gear transmission assembly and a rotating base, wherein the belt transmission assembly comprises a driving pulley, a first driven pulley and a second driven pulley connected by a transmission belt, the gear transmission assembly comprises a driven gear and a first driving gear and a second driving gear respectively meshed with the driven gear, the driving pulley is drivingly connected to the output end of the motor, the first driven pulley is drivingly connected to the first driving gear, the second driven pulley is drivingly connected to the second driving gear, the driven gear is drivingly connected to the input end of the rotating base, and the rotating base is used to drive the spindle box to rotate; Wherein, the transmission mechanism also includes a backlash elimination component, which includes a backlash adjustment wheel and a spiral adjustment member, the circumferential surface of the backlash adjustment wheel abuts against the outer surface of the transmission belt between the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley, or the circumferential surface of the backlash adjustment wheel abuts against the outer surface of the transmission belt between the driving pulley and the first driven pulley and between the driving pulley and the second driven pulley at the same time; the spiral adjustment member is used to drive the backlash adjustment wheel to move toward or away from the transmission belt.

2. The processing head according to claim 1, characterized in that The processing head also includes a processing head base, and the gap elimination assembly also includes a gap adjustment bracket and a gap adjustment wheel shaft. The gap adjustment bracket is fixedly mounted on the processing head base, and the gap adjustment wheel shaft can move relative to the gap adjustment bracket under the action of the spiral adjustment member to approach or move away from the transmission belt. The gap adjustment wheel is rotatably arranged on the gap adjustment bracket through the gap adjustment wheel shaft.

3. The processing head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gap adjustment wheel and the spiral adjustment member are located on the outside of a section of the transmission belt between the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley, the gap adjustment wheel shaft is located between the spiral adjustment member and the transmission belt, and the gap adjustment bracket is provided with a screw hole adapted to the spiral adjustment member, and the spiral adjustment member passes through the screw hole to drive the gap adjustment wheel shaft to approach or move away from the transmission belt.

4. The processing head according to claim 3, characterized in that A first guide structure is provided on the gap adjustment bracket, and a second guide structure matched with the first guide structure is provided on the gap adjustment wheel shaft, one of the first guide structure and the second guide structure is a slide groove structure and the other is a protrusion structure; the opening width of the slide groove structure is greater than the groove bottom width of the slide groove structure, and / or the protruding end width of the protrusion structure is less than the root width of the protrusion structure.

5. The processing head according to claim 4, characterized in that The gap adjustment bracket is provided with scale lines along the extension direction of the first guide structure; the circumferential surface of the gap adjustment wheel is at the same distance from the center of each pulley of the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley at the top position of the outer surface of the transmission belt.

6. The processing head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-backlash assembly also includes a pushing block, which is fixedly connected to the backlash adjustment wheel shaft and is provided with a through groove. The through groove forms a notch on a surface perpendicular to the extension direction of the spiral adjustment member. The spiral adjustment member is provided with an annular groove on its own circumferential surface, and the spiral adjustment member cooperates with the two side walls of the through groove through the annular groove.

7. The processing head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-backlash assembly has two groups, each group of the anti-backlash assembly includes a backlash adjustment wheel and a spiral adjustment member, one group of the backlash adjustment wheels is located on the outside of the transmission belt between the driving pulley and the first driven pulley, and the other group of the backlash adjustment wheels is located on the outside of the transmission belt between the driving pulley and the second driven pulley.

8. The processing head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The transmission belt is divided into three sections between the driving pulley, the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley in pairs. The transmission mechanism also includes a tensioning assembly for tensioning the transmission belt. The tensioning assembly and the anti-backlash assembly are respectively located on the outside of different sections of the transmission belt.

9. The processing head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The driving pulley, the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley are arranged in a triangle, the first driven pulley is connected to the first driving gear via a speed reducer, and the second driven pulley is connected to the second driving gear via a speed reducer; the transmission belt is a synchronous belt.

10. A processing machine tool, characterized in that: Comprising a processing head according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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