Amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst, preparation method and application
By preparing amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst, the problem of limited catalytic activity of nickel-based catalysts was solved, and the thermal decomposition performance of HMX and RDX was significantly improved, showing a more efficient catalytic effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510193864.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
AI Technical Summary
The catalytic activity of existing nickel-based combustion catalysts is limited, and it is difficult to effectively improve the thermal decomposition performance of HMX and RDX.
Amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst was used to reduce the nickel-containing inorganic salt solution and then calcined under an air atmosphere to produce an amorphous nano nickel oxide catalyst with a high specific surface area and rich active sites.
It significantly improves the thermal decomposition performance of HMX and RDX, reduces the decomposition peak temperature, improves catalytic activity, and is better than the performance of commercial nano nickel oxide catalysts.
Smart Images
Figure CN120058441A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energetic materials, relates to a combustion catalyst for solid propellants, and particularly relates to an amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art
[0002] As an important part of the field of energetic materials, solid propellants are the main power source for various solid motors such as strategic missiles, launch vehicle aircraft, and kinetic energy intercept weapons. In order to meet the requirements of new missile weaponry and high-performance weapon systems for the high-energy performance of propellants, it is necessary to further explore the application of high-energy solid propellants. The oxidizer has the highest proportion in solid propellants, and its performance is directly related to the energy of the propellant. Using high-energy density materials can further improve the energy and specific impulse of the propellant. Among them, 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) have been widely used in solid propellants due to their high detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and high gas generation. Therefore, exploring the decomposition mechanism of HMX and RDX is crucial for the development of high-energy solid propellants. Using combustion catalysts is an important means to control the combustion performance of solid propellants, which can not only increase the burning rate of solid propellants but also reduce the pressure exponent. Therefore, developing new combustion catalysts has important theoretical significance and application value for improving the comprehensive performance of propellants. Thermal decomposition is generally considered to be the initial step of combustion, and the thermal decomposition performance has a significant impact on the combustion performance of solid propellants. Studying the catalytic effect of combustion catalysts on the thermal decomposition of HMX and RDX has significant significance for controlling the combustion performance of high-energy solid propellants.
[0003] Currently, regarding the research on the catalytic thermal decomposition of HMX and RDX by combustion catalysts, nickel-based catalysts show certain catalytic performance, which can increase the decomposition rate and heat release. Liu et al. studied the effects of different nanoparticles such as PbO, CuO, TiO 2 , NiO, etc. on the thermal decomposition performance of HMX, and calculated the catalytic decomposition coefficient of nanoparticles on HMX based on the rate when the decomposition depth reached 30%. The results showed that among them, NiO exhibited excellent catalytic activity, and the catalytic coefficient was higher than that of metal oxides such as PbO, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 et al. Liu et al. respectively prepared nano NiO-Fe 2 O 3 (NFO), NiO-CoO, and NiO-Fe 2 O 3-CoO nanoparticles and investigated their catalytic effects on RDX. The results showed that after adding the nanocomposite oxide, the exothermic peak temperature was delayed by about 8.5 °C, and the heat release also increased to a certain extent. However, Yang et al. calculated the binding energy of typical metal oxide catalysts for HMX through DFT theory. The results showed that the catalytic activity of NiO was limited because its active sites were occupied by oxygen radicals. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective ways to increase the number of active sites on the catalyst surface to further improve the catalytic activity of nickel-based catalysts.
[0004] Among many nanomaterials, amorphous nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Compared with crystalline materials, amorphous nanomaterials have a series of high-density unsaturated coordination sites on their surface due to their irregular atomic structure, which is conducive to the adsorption and activation of molecules such as reactants and intermediates, thus showing more excellent catalytic performance. At present, amorphous nanomaterials show certain application prospects in the field of photoelectrocatalysis, but there is relatively little research in the field of solid propellants, and there is currently a lack of a batch production synthesis strategy for amorphous nickel oxide catalysts. The introduction of amorphous nickel oxide catalysts provides a new direction for the synthesis of solid propellant combustion catalysts and is expected to achieve efficient catalysis in the field of solid propellants. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an amorphous nickel oxide combustion catalyst, a preparation method and an application, so as to solve the technical problem that the catalytic activity of nickel-based combustion catalysts in the prior art is limited. This method can effectively increase the specific surface area and the number of active sites of nickel oxide, further improving the thermal decomposition performance of HMX and RDX.
[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:
[0007] A preparation method of an amorphous nickel oxide combustion catalyst. First, a nickel-containing inorganic salt solution is reduced to obtain a nickel oxide precursor, and then the nickel oxide precursor is calcined in an air atmosphere to obtain the amorphous nickel oxide combustion catalyst.
[0008] The present invention also includes the following technical features:
[0009] Specifically, it includes the following steps:
[0010] Step 1, disperse a nickel-containing inorganic salt in a solvent to obtain a mixed solution 1;
[0011] Step 2, disperse a reducing agent in a solvent to obtain a mixed solution 2;
[0012] Step 3: After the mixed solution 1 and the mixed solution 2 are fully stirred and dissolved, the solution 2 is quickly added to the solution 1 for reaction to obtain a reaction solution.
[0013] Step 4: After the reaction ends, the reaction solution is centrifuged, washed, and then freeze-dried to obtain a reaction product.
[0014] Step 5: The reaction product is heat-treated under high-temperature conditions to obtain an amorphous nickel nano-oxide catalyst.
[0015] Specifically, the inorganic salt is selected from any one of nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel ammonium sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel hypophosphite, nickel sulfamate, and nickel acetate.
[0016] Specifically, the reducing agent is selected from any one of sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium tris(trifluoroacetyl)borohydride, sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, zinc borohydride, lithium triethylborohydride, lithium N,N-dimethylaminoborohydride, diisobutyl sodium hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, dimethyl sulfide borane, THF borane, triethylsilane, and dimethoxyethoxy aluminum hydride.
[0017] Specifically, the solvents in Step 1 and Step 2 are both deionized water.
[0018] Specifically, the molar ratio of the reducing agent to the inorganic salt is 1:1 to 2:1.
[0019] Specifically, in Step 3, the reaction temperature is 40 - 60 °C, and the reaction time is 30 - 60 min; in Step 4, the freeze-drying temperature is -30 - -50 °C; in Step 5, the heat treatment under high-temperature conditions is carried out in an air atmosphere, the heat treatment temperature is 200 - 400 °C, and the heat treatment time is 60 - 180 min.
[0020] An amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst is prepared by using the preparation method of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst.
[0021] Specifically, the prepared amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst has a high specific surface area structure, and the specific surface area reaches 85.5 m 2 / g; the prepared amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst has a high-porosity mesoporous structure, and the average mesopore size reaches 0.42 cm 3 / g.
[0022] The application of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in the combustion catalysis of solid propellants. The amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst can be used for the thermal decomposition catalysis of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX). The amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst is respectively added into RDX and HMX to prepare mixtures containing the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst. The addition amount of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst is 80% - 100% of the mass of RDX or HMX.
[0023] The mixture of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst and RDX has a decomposition peak temperature of 236.4 °C at a heating rate of 10 K·min -1 The mixture of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst and HMX has a decomposition peak temperature of 266.3 °C at a heating rate of 10 K·min -1 The decomposition peak temperature of the mixture of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst and HMX is 266.3 °C at a heating rate of 10 K·min.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:
[0025] (Ⅰ) Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an application of an amorphous nickel nano-oxide catalyst in the field of thermal decomposition of energetic materials. Compared with crystalline catalysts, the defects exposed by the irregularly arranged atomic structure on the surface of amorphous materials can serve as active sites, and excellent catalytic activity for the decomposition of energetic materials can be exhibited by adsorbing and activating intermediate molecules.
[0026] (Ⅱ) For the preparation method of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst of the present invention, the raw materials used are all low-cost and easily available. The preparation process is simple, highly controllable, the preparation conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, and it has both economy and environmental protection.
[0027] (Ⅲ) The amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst prepared by the present invention has a microscopic morphology of a stacked nano-sheet structure with a high specific surface area. The amorphous nickel nano-oxide contains abundant surface active sites and has excellent catalytic activity.
[0028] (Ⅳ) Experiments show that the amorphous nickel nano-oxide exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the thermal decomposition of HMX and RDX. Under the condition of a heating rate of 10 K·min -1 The thermal decomposition peak temperature of HMX under the action of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide catalyst is 266.3 °C, which is lower than the decomposition peak temperature (280.8 °C) under the action of a commercial nano-nickel oxide catalyst; the thermal decomposition peak temperature of RDX under the action of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide catalyst is 236.4 °C, which is lower than the decomposition peak temperature (241.5 °C) under the action of a commercial nano-nickel oxide catalyst. It shows that it has excellent catalytic activity for the thermal decomposition of both HMX and RDX. Description of the Drawings
[0029] Figure 1 SEM image of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in the examples.
[0030] Figure 2 TEM image of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in the examples.
[0031] Figure 3 Adsorption-desorption curve of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in the examples.
[0032] Figure 4 Pore size distribution diagram of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in the examples.
[0033] Figure 5 XRD pattern of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in the examples.
[0034] Figure 6 EDS pattern of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst.
[0035] Figure 7 DSC curve of the mixture of amorphous nickel nano-oxide, commercial nickel nano-oxide material and HMX at 10 °C / min.
[0036] Figure 8 DSC curve of the mixture of amorphous nickel nano-oxide, commercial nickel nano-oxide material and RDX at 10 °C / min. Detailed implementation mode
[0037] The present invention provides a preparation method and application of an amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst, which is obtained by reducing a nickel-containing inorganic salt with a reducing agent, and its structure is two-dimensional lamellar amorphous nickel nano-oxide. The amorphous nickel nano-oxide catalyst can effectively utilize the characteristic of a large number of high-active sites on the surface of the amorphous material, and improve the thermal decomposition performance of energetic materials through the rich unsaturated coordination environment on the surface, so as to solve the technical problem of limited catalytic performance of nickel-based nano-combustion catalysts for existing solid propellants. The amorphous nickel nano-oxide material prepared by the present invention has high thermal decomposition catalytic performance for energetic materials and can be used for the combustion catalysis of solid propellants.
[0038] In the present invention, HMX is the abbreviation of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane, and RDX is the abbreviation of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine.
[0039] Among them, the preparation method of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide catalyst includes the following steps:
[0040] A) Disperse the nickel-containing inorganic salt in a solvent to obtain a mixed solution 1;
[0041] B) Disperse the reducing agent in the solvent to obtain a mixed solution 2;
[0042] C) After the mixed solution 1 is fully stirred and dissolved, quickly add solution 2 to solution 1 to obtain a reaction solution;
[0043] D) After the reaction is completed, centrifuge and wash the reaction solution and then freeze-dry it to obtain a reaction product;
[0044] E) Heat-treat the reaction product under high-temperature conditions to obtain an amorphous nickel nano-oxide catalyst.
[0045] Among them, the inorganic salt is selected from any one of nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel ammonium sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel hypophosphite, nickel sulfamate, nickel acetate; more specifically, the nickel-containing inorganic salt can be selected from nickel nitrate hexahydrate.
[0046] The reducing agent is selected from any one of sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium tris(trifluoroacetyl)borohydride, sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, zinc borohydride, lithium triethylborohydride, N,N-dimethylaminoborohydride, diisobutyl sodium hydride, diisobutyl aluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, dimethyl sulfide borane, THF borane, triethylsilane, dimethoxyethoxy aluminum hydride. More specifically, the reducing agent can be selected from sodium borohydride.
[0047] The solvent is selected from deionized water.
[0048] In steps A) and B), the molar ratio of the reducing agent to the inorganic salt is 1:1 to 2:1.
[0049] In the mixed solution, the mass-volume ratio of the inorganic salt to the solvent is 300 - 500 mg: 10 - 15 mL, preferably 300 mg: 10 mL, 400 mg: 10 mL, 500 mg: 10 mL, or any value between 300 - 500 mg: 10 - 15 mL.
[0050] In the mixed solution, the mass-volume ratio of the reducing agent to the solvent is 150 - 200 mg: 10 - 15 mL, preferably 150 mg: 10 mL, 175 mg: 10 mL, 200 mg: 10 mL, or any value between 150 - 200 mg: 10 - 15 mL.
[0051] The present invention has no special limitation on the mixing method, and magnetic stirring mixing is preferred.
[0052] After mixing evenly, quickly add the mixed solution 2 to the mixed solution 1 and react fully at a certain temperature to obtain a reaction solution.
[0053] In the present invention, the mass ratio of nitrate to reducing agent is 5:1 to 7:1, preferably 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, or any value between 5:1 and 7:1.
[0054] The reaction temperature is 40 to 60 °C, preferably 40, 50, 60, or any value between 40 and 60 °C.
[0055] The reaction time is 30 to 60 min, preferably 30, 40, 50, 60, or any value between 30 and 60 min.
[0056] After sufficient reaction, the reaction solution is centrifuged and washed, and then freeze-dried to obtain a dried product.
[0057] In the present invention, washing is to centrifugally wash the reaction product 3 to 5 times successively with ethanol and deionized water; the rotation speed of the centrifuge is 4000 to 8000 r·min -1 , preferably 4000, 6000, 8000, or any value between 4000 and 8000 r·min -1 The centrifugation time is 3 to 5 min, preferably 3, 4, 5, or any value between 3 and 5 min.
[0058] Drying is carried out under an air atmosphere condition, and the drying temperature is -30 to -50 °C, preferably -30, -35, -40, -45, -50, or any value between -30 and -50 °C. In the present invention, drying is preferably carried out in a freeze dryer.
[0059] The dried product is heat-treated to obtain a heat-treated product.
[0060] Among them, heat treatment is carried out under an air atmosphere condition, the heat treatment temperature is 200 to 400 °C, preferably 200, 300, 400, or any value between 200 and 400 °C, the heat treatment time is 60 to 180 min, preferably 60, 90, 150, 180, or any value between 60 and 180 min. In the present invention, heat treatment is preferably carried out in a tubular furnace. Finally, after the heat treatment is completed, an amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst is obtained.
[0061] The method for synthesizing the amorphous nickel nano-oxide catalyst provided by the present invention is simple, has excellent performance, and is inexpensive. In addition, this amorphization strategy is a general method, not limited to nickel-containing inorganic salts. Various metal inorganic salts can be used as metal sources. By using inorganic salts as templates and controlling the calcination temperature in the synthesis process to be between the decomposition temperature and the crystallization temperature, various metal amorphous nanosheets can be successfully prepared.
[0062] Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical solution of this application falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0063] Example 1:
[0064] This example provides a preparation method of an amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst, which specifically includes the following steps:
[0065] 40 mMol of nickel nitrate nonahydrate was uniformly mixed into 500 ml of deionized water under stirring to form Solution 1. Then, 80 mMol of sodium borohydride was uniformly mixed into 200 ml of deionized water under stirring to form Solution 2. Solution 2 was quickly added to Solution 1, and the mixture was allowed to stand and react at 40 °C for 30 min. After that, the reaction solution was centrifuged and washed three times with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol respectively, and the washed reactant was freeze-dried for 48 h. The dried reactant was placed in a tubular furnace and calcined at 350 °C for 90 min to finally obtain a black amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst.
[0066] The characterization of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst prepared in this example is as follows:
[0067] Figure 1 is the SEM spectrum of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in this example. The results clearly show that the amorphous nickel nano-oxide presents a lamellar morphology stacked by nanosheets.
[0068] Figure 2 is the TEM image of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in this example. The figure shows that the prepared nickel nano-oxide is a nanosheet with a high specific surface area, and the diameter is about 400 - 700 nm.
[0069] Figure 3 is the adsorption-desorption curve of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in this example. Figure 3 In the figure, "γ-NiO" represents a commercial nickel nano-oxide catalyst, and "Ra-NiO" represents an amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst. The specific surface area of this amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst reaches 85.5 m 2 / g, which is much higher than that of the commercial nickel nano-oxide catalyst (31.1 m 2 / g), indicating that the synthesized amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst has a high specific surface area.
[0070] Figure 4 is the pore size distribution diagram of the amorphous nickel nano-oxide combustion catalyst in this example. Figure 4Among them, "γ-NiO" represents a commercial nano-nickel oxide catalyst, and "Ra-NiO" represents an amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst. The average pore volume of this amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst reaches 0.42 cm 3 / g, which is much higher than that of the commercial nano-nickel oxide catalyst (0.12 cm 3 / g), indicating that the synthesized amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst has a relatively large mesoporous structure.
[0071] Figure 5 is the XRD pattern of the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst in the example. Figure 5 Among them, "γ-NiO" represents a commercial nano-nickel oxide catalyst, and "Ra-NiO" represents an amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst. It can be seen from Figure 5 that this amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst does not show obvious diffraction peaks. While the commercial nano-nickel oxide shows good crystallization characteristics, which is consistent with the standard PDF card (JCPDS NO.77-1179), indicating that the synthesized amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst has good amorphous characteristics.
[0072] Figure 6 is the EDS pattern of the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst, and the atomic percentages of nickel and oxygen elements are shown as follows. Figure 6 Among them, "Ni" represents the nickel element, and "O" represents the oxygen element. Figure 6 It shows that the main elements of this amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst include nickel and oxygen elements, and the atomic content ratio is about 1:1, indicating that the synthesized amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst has a nickel oxide (NiO) structure.
[0073] The performance test of the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst in this example is as follows:
[0074] Figure 7 is the DSC curve of the mixture of amorphous nano-nickel oxide, commercial nano-nickel oxide material and HMX at 10 °C / min; Figure 7 Among them, "Ra-NiO+HMX" represents the mixture of amorphous nano-nickel oxide and HMX, "γ-NiO+HMX" represents the mixture of commercial nano-nickel oxide and HMX, and "HMX" represents the pure HMX material without any catalyst. The addition of amorphous nano-nickel oxide reduces the decomposition peak temperature of HMX by 14.5 °C, and the initial decomposition temperature is advanced significantly. Since the energy released during decomposition supplements the endothermic process during crystal transformation, the endothermic peak of the mixture with added amorphous nano-nickel oxide disappears. Compared with the commercial nano-nickel oxide, the synthesized amorphous nano-nickel oxide shows better catalytic effect.
[0075] Figure 8DSC curves of the mixtures of amorphous nano-nickel oxide, commercial nano-nickel oxide materials and RDX at 10 °C / min; Figure 8 In it, "Ra-NiO+RDX" represents the mixture of amorphous nano-nickel oxide and RDX, "γ-NiO+RDX" represents the mixture of commercial nano-nickel oxide and RDX, and "RDX" represents pure RDX material without any catalyst. The addition of amorphous nano-nickel oxide reduces the decomposition peak temperature of RDX by 6.2 °C, and the initial decomposition temperature and endothermic peak area decrease significantly. Compared with commercial nano-nickel oxide, the synthesized amorphous nano-nickel oxide shows better catalytic effect.
Claims
1. A method for preparing an amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst, characterized in that: The method first reduces an inorganic salt solution containing nickel to obtain a nickel oxide precursor, and then calcines the nickel oxide precursor in an air atmosphere to obtain an amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst.
2. The method for preparing the amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, dispersing a nickel-containing inorganic salt in a solvent to obtain a mixed solution 1; Step 2, dispersing the reducing agent in the solvent to obtain a mixed solution 2; Step 3, after the mixed solution 1 and the mixed solution 2 are fully stirred and dissolved, the solution 2 is quickly added to the solution 1 to react to obtain a reaction solution; Step 4, after the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is centrifuged, washed, and freeze-dried to obtain a reaction product; Step 5: heat-treating the reaction product under high temperature conditions to obtain an amorphous nano-nickel oxide catalyst.
3. The method for preparing the amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inorganic salt is selected from any one of nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel ammonium sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel hypophosphite, nickel sulfamate and nickel acetate.
4. The method for preparing the amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reducing agent is selected from any one of sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium tris(trifluoroacetyl)borohydride, sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, zinc borohydride, lithium triethylborohydride, N,N-dimethylamino lithium borohydride, diisobutyl sodium hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, dimethyl borane, THF borane, triethylsilane, and dimethoxyethoxyaluminum hydride.
5. The method for preparing the amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solvents in step 1 and step 2 are both deionized water.
6. The method for preparing the amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the reducing agent to the inorganic salt is 1:1 to 2:
1.
7. The method for preparing the amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 3, the reaction temperature is 40 to 60°C, and the reaction time is 30 to 60 minutes; in the step 4, the freeze-drying temperature is -30 to -50°C; in the step 5, the heat treatment under high temperature conditions is carried out in an air atmosphere, the heat treatment temperature is 200 to 400°C, and the heat treatment time is 60 to 180 minutes.
8. An amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst, characterized in that: The catalyst is prepared by the method for preparing the amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to any one of claims 2 to 7.
9. The amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to claim 8, characterized in that: The prepared amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst has a high specific surface area structure, with a specific surface area of 85.5m 2 / g; The prepared amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst has a high porosity mesoporous structure, and the average mesopore size reaches 0.42cm 3 / g.
10. The use of the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst according to claim 9 for solid propellant combustion catalysis, wherein the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst can be used for thermal decomposition catalysis of thermal decomposition of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX); the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst is added to RDX and HMX respectively to obtain a mixture containing the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst; the amount of the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst added is 80% to 100% of the mass of RDX or HMX; The mixture of the amorphous nano nickel oxide combustion catalyst and RDX is heated to 10K·min -1 The decomposition peak temperature of the heating rate is 236.4°C; the mixture of the amorphous nano-nickel oxide combustion catalyst and HMX is heated at 10K·min -1 The decomposition peak temperature of the heating rate is 266.3℃.