Fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the aluminum alloy material is composed of a composite ceramic fiber membrane and composite metal, the composite ceramic fiber membrane at least comprises a layer of ceramic fiber membrane and horizontally oriented sheet-shaped Fe3O4 (at) BN attached to the surface of one side of the ceramic fiber membrane, the composite metal is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.4 to 0.8 weight percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.9 weight percent of Si, 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.35 weight percent of Fe, 0.1 to 0.35 weight percent of Cu, 0.2 to 0.5 weight percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent of Cr, 0.02 to 0.12 weight percent of Ti and the balance of Al. By adding the composite ceramic fiber membrane, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly to a fiber film composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum is the most abundant metallic element in the earth's crust, with a mass fraction of about 8.3%. The atomic number of aluminum is 13, the relative atomic mass is 26.982, and the atomic radius is about 0.1431 nm. Pure aluminum is usually in a face-centered cubic structure (FCC), with a lattice constant of about 0.405 nm. Based on this, its density can be calculated to be about 2.697 g·cm-3, which is only one-third of that of steel. Since pure aluminum has a face-centered cubic structure, it has a total of 12 slip systems, and dislocations are prone to slip during the loading process, so it has very good plasticity but low strength. To improve the strength of pure aluminum, researchers have made it meet industrial requirements by adding alloying elements. The main alloying elements usually added are Cu, Li, Zn, Mg, and Si, etc. These elements are partially dissolved in the aluminum matrix to achieve solid solution strengthening, and some alloying elements precipitate to form second-phase particles to achieve precipitation strengthening. According to the different main alloying elements added, aluminum alloys can be divided into: Al-Cu alloys (2xxx series aluminum alloys), Al-Mn alloys (3xxx series aluminum alloys), Al-Si alloys (4xxx series aluminum alloys), Al-Mg alloys (5xxx series aluminum alloys), Al-Mg-Si alloys (6xxx series aluminum alloys), Al-Zn alloys (7xxx series aluminum alloys), and other types of aluminum alloys. Among them, 2xxx series and 7xxx series aluminum alloys have the highest strength, reaching more than 480 MPa, and are called high-strength aluminum alloys. High-strength aluminum alloys have the advantages of low density and high specific strength as described above. Therefore, using high-strength aluminum alloys to replace steel can significantly reduce the weight of transportation tools such as rockets, airplanes, high-speed rails, and cars, and achieve the goal of lightweighting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical Problem to be Solved: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fiber film composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, which can improve the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy by adding a composite ceramic fiber film.

[0004] Technical Solution: A fiber film composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the aluminum alloy material is composed of a composite ceramic fiber film and a composite metal. The composite ceramic fiber film contains at least one layer of ceramic fiber film and at least has horizontally oriented flaky Fe 3 O 4 @BN attached to one side surface of the ceramic fiber film. The components of the composite metal include the following components in parts by weight: Mg 0.4-0.8 wt% Si 0.4 - 0.9 wt% Zn 0.05 - 0.25 wt% Fe 0.1 - 0.35 wt% Cu 0.1 - 0.35 wt% Mn 0.2 - 0.5 wt% Cr 0.1 - 0.3 wt% Ti 0.02 - 0.12 wt% The balance is Al. Preferably, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane includes the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol, stir and dissolve it, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution. Electrospin the spinning solution to obtain a precursor membrane; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. After mixing and stirring evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath and add ammonia water until the pH of the solution is 9.5. Continue stirring until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN to ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain an Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coat tetraethyl orthosilicate sol on the upper surface of the glass sheet where the precursor membrane in step S11 is placed. Then, drop and coat the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion on the surface of the sol. Repeat the coating, cover the glass sheet, control the direction of the external magnetic field, and induce the Fe 3 O 4 @BN to be oriented and enhanced in the horizontal direction on the precursor membrane. Finally, dry and sinter to obtain the composite ceramic fiber membrane. Preferably, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane further includes: Use the precursor membrane with Fe 3 O 4 @BN oriented and enhanced in the horizontal direction as the receiving plate, and perform electrospinning on the side containing Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Finally, dry and sinter to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane with a sandwich structure. Preferably, one side of the composite ceramic fiber membrane with a sandwich structure is a SiO 2 fiber membrane, and the other side is a SiO 2 , TiO2 、Al 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 or an electrospun membrane containing any one or more of the components SiC. Preferably, in step S11, the mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol is 2-4 g: 4-6 mL: 30-45 mL, the thickness of the precursor membrane is 0.05-0.2 mm, and the porosity is 30-50%. Preferably, in step S13, the molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to iron chloride is 15-20:4, the water bath temperature is 50-65 °C, and the concentration of Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion is 5-8 wt%. Preferably, in step S14, the coating amount of Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion is 20-35 g / m 2 , the heating rate of sintering is 2-3 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 600-900 °C, and the sintering time is 1-2 h. Preferably, the thickness of the electrospun membrane is 0.1-0.2 cm, and the porosity is 30-50%. The preparation method of the above fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Heating the composite metal components to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Placing the composite ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pouring the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold, applying pressure at 120-140 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidifying under pressure, maintaining the pressure for 15-20 s, after the casting solidifies and forms, keeping the casting at 530-550 °C for 4-6 h, then quenching it into warm water and cooling to room temperature, then keeping it at 150-170 °C for 2-3 h, and finally cooling it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1-1.5 mm. Beneficial effects: The aluminum alloy material of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. In the present invention, a ceramic fiber membrane and flaky BN are used to reinforce the aluminum alloy material. BN is a material with the second highest hardness in nature after diamond. The ceramic membrane and BN form a bionic composite ceramic fiber membrane similar to brick-clay. This composite ceramic fiber membrane has multi-level structural characteristics, which helps to disperse and absorb energy at the microscopic level, reduce the rapid propagation of cracks, and improve the overall strength and toughness of the material; 2. In the present invention, a composite ceramic membrane enhanced aluminum alloy material with a sandwich structure of different components can also be used. During the impact process, the impact stress wave generated by the impact load can propagate more smoothly between the matrices. Different numbers of composite ceramic membranes are added to the aluminum alloy, and there are different bonding surfaces between the ceramic membrane and the aluminum alloy. When the impact stress wave propagates inside the coating, it will be reflected at the bonding surface, making the aluminum alloy have good impact resistance. And BN is arranged in the aluminum alloy material in a directionally parallel manner. BN is equivalent to a "shield" and can also improve the impact resistance of the aluminum alloy material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 The shape and size of the tensile specimen (unit: mm). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The following embodiments are explanations of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments: Embodiment 1 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride enhanced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: Mg is 0.4wt%, Si is 0.9wt%, Zn is 0.05wt%, Fe is 0.35wt%, Cu is 0.35wt%, Mn is 0.2wt%, Cr is 0.1wt%, Ti is 0.12wt%, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Place the composite ceramic fiber membrane in a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold, apply pressure at 120 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, keep the pressure for 20 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 530 °C for 6 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 170 °C for 2 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride enhanced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1.5 mm; Wherein, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane comprises the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol and stir to dissolve, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol is 2 g: 4 mL: 30 mL. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution, and perform electrospinning on the spinning solution to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.05 mm and a porosity of 42.1%; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to iron chloride is 20:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, add ammonia water dropwise to the mixed solution in a water bath at 50 °C until the pH of the solution reaches 9.5. Continue stirring until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN to ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain a 5 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coating the upper surface of the glass sheet with tetraethyl orthosilicate sol for the precursor film in step S11, and then dropwise coating the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion on the surface of the sol. Repeat the coating with a coating amount of 35 g / m 2 . Cover the glass sheet, control the direction of the external magnetic field, and induce the Fe 3 O 4 @BN to orient and strengthen the precursor film in the horizontal direction. Finally, dry and sinter it. The heating rate of sintering is 3 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 700 °C, and the sintering time is 1 h to obtain the composite ceramic fiber membrane. Example 2 Preparation method of fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.8 wt% of Mg, 0.4 wt% of Si, 0.25 wt% of Zn, 0.1 wt% of Fe, 0.1 wt% of Cu, 0.5 wt% of Mn, 0.3 wt% of Cr, 0.02 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Put the composite ceramic fiber membrane into the mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold and apply pressure at 140 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane. Solidify under pressure and keep the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 550 °C for 4 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, and then keep it at 150 °C for 3 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane includes the following steps: S11. After adding polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol and stirring to dissolve it, tetraethyl orthosilicate is added. The mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol is 4 g: 6 mL: 45 mL. After stirring evenly, a spinning solution is obtained. The spinning solution is electrospun to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a porosity of 33.5%; S12. Ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate are added to water in a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. The exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets are added to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to ferric chloride is 15:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, ammonia water is added dropwise to the mixed solution in a water bath at a temperature of 65 °C until the pH of the solution is 9.5. Stirring is continued until the reaction is complete, and then magnetic separation is carried out to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Fe 3 O 4 @BN is added to ethanol and dispersed evenly to obtain an 8 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. The precursor membrane in step S11 is placed on the upper surface of a glass slide and coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate sol. Then, the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion is dropwise coated on the surface of the sol. Coating is repeated, and the coating amount is 20 g / m 2 . The glass slide is covered, and the direction of the external magnetic field is controlled to induce the Fe 3 O 4 @BN to be oriented and enhanced along the horizontal direction in the precursor membrane. Finally, it is dried and sintered. The heating rate of sintering is 2 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 600 °C, and the sintering time is 2 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Example 3 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite directional boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, it is heated to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. The composite ceramic fiber membrane is placed in a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into a mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, hold the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane includes the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol, stir and dissolve it, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution, perform electrospinning on the spinning solution to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.15 mm and a porosity of 45.2%; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to ferric chloride is 18:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 °C and add ammonia water until the pH of the solution is 9.5. Continue stirring until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN to ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain a 7 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coat tetraethyl orthosilicate sol on the upper surface of the glass sheet where the precursor membrane in step S11 is placed, then drop and coat the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion on the surface of the sol. Repeat the coating, and the coating amount is 25 g / m 2 . Cover the glass sheet, control the direction of the external magnetic field, induce the Fe 3 O 4 @BN to orient and reinforce the precursor membrane in the horizontal direction. Finally, dry and sinter it. The heating rate of sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 650 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Example 4 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: Mg is 0.6 wt%, Si is 0.5 wt%, Zn is 0.2 wt%, Fe is 0.25 wt%, Cu is 0.25 wt%, Mn is 0.35 wt%, Cr is 0.2 wt%, Ti is 0.05 wt%, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Place the composite ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, keep the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool to room temperature, then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane includes the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol and stir to dissolve it, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass - to - volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution. Electrospin the spinning solution to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a porosity of 38.9%; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to ferric chloride is 18:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 °C and dropwise add ammonia water until the pH of the solution is 9.5. Continue stirring until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN to ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain a 7 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coating tetraethyl orthosilicate sol on the upper surface of the glass sheet where the precursor membrane in step S11 is placed, and then dropwise add and coat the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion on the surface of the sol. Repeat the coating, and the coating amount is 25 g / m 2 , cover the glass sheet, control the direction of the external magnetic field, and induce Fe 3 O 4The precursor film with enhanced orientation of @BN in the horizontal direction is finally dried and sintered. The heating rate during sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 650 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain the composite ceramic fiber membrane. Example 5 Preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Place the composite ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, keep the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane comprises the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol, stir and dissolve it, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution. Electrospin the spinning solution to obtain a precursor film with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a porosity of 39.1%; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to ferric chloride is 18:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 °C and add ammonia water until the pH of the solution is 9.5, continue to stir until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN to ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain a 7 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coat tetraethyl orthosilicate sol on the upper surface of the glass sheet where the precursor film in step S11 is placed, and then Fe 3 O4 The @BN dispersion liquid was dropwise coated on the surface of the sol, and the coating was repeated. The coating amount was 25 g / m 2 . A glass slide was covered, and the direction of the externally applied magnetic field was controlled to induce Fe 3 O 4 @BN to form a precursor film with enhanced horizontal orientation; S15. Electrospinning was carried out on one side containing Fe 3 O 4 @BN to obtain an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 0.1 cm and a porosity of 42.6%. Finally, it was dried and sintered. The heating rate of sintering was 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature was 650 °C, and the sintering time was 1.5 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Example 6 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, it was heated to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. The composite ceramic fiber membrane was placed in a mold; S3. The aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 was poured into the mold and pressurized at a pressure of 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid could penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane and solidify under pressure. The pressure was maintained for 15 s. After the casting solidified and formed, the casting was kept at 540 °C for 5 h, then quenched into warm water and cooled to room temperature, then kept at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cooled to room temperature in air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane comprises the following steps: S11. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to ethanol and stirred to dissolve, and then tetraethyl orthosilicate was added. The mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol was 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, a spinning solution was obtained. The spinning solution was electrospun to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.05 mm and a porosity of 49.1%; S12. Ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate were added to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets into the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to iron chloride is 18:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 °C and add ammonia water dropwise until the pH of the solution reaches 9.5. Continue stirring until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN into ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain a 7 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coating the precursor film in step S11 on the upper surface of a glass slide with tetraethyl orthosilicate sol, and then dropping and coating the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion on the surface of the sol. Repeat the coating with a coating amount of 25 g / m 2 . Cover the glass slide, control the direction of the external magnetic field, and induce the Fe 3 O 4 @BN to orient and strengthen the precursor film in the horizontal direction; S15. Electrospinning with silica sol on one side containing Fe 3 O 4 @BN to obtain an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 0.15 cm and a porosity of 43.6%. Finally, dry and sinter it. The heating rate of sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 650 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Example 7 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Place the composite ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, hold the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, and then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane includes the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol, stir and dissolve it, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, a spinning solution is obtained. Electrospinning the spinning solution to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a porosity of 49.1%; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to ferric chloride is 18:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath at a temperature of 60 °C and add ammonia water until the pH of the solution is 9.5. Continue stirring until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN to ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain a 7 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coat the upper surface of the precursor membrane in step S11 with tetraethyl orthosilicate sol, and then drop and coat the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion on the surface of the sol. Repeat the coating with a coating amount of 25 g / m 2 , cover the glass slide, control the direction of the external magnetic field, and induce Fe 3 O 4 @BN to enhance the precursor membrane in the horizontal direction; S15. Perform electrospinning with alumina sol on the side containing Fe 3 O 4 @BN to obtain an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 0.1 cm and a porosity of 45.2%. Finally, dry and sinter it. The heating rate of sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 800 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain the composite ceramic fiber membrane. Example 8 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite directional boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain an aluminum liquid; S2. Place the composite ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, hold the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite boron nitride-reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane includes the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol, stir and dissolve it, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution. Electrospin the spinning solution to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.05 mm and a porosity of 39.5%; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to ferric chloride is 18:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 °C and dropwise add ammonia water until the pH of the solution is 9.5. Continue to stir until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN to ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain a 7 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coat the upper surface of the glass sheet with tetraethyl orthosilicate sol for the precursor membrane in step S11, and then dropwise add and coat the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion on the surface of the sol. Repeat the coating, and the coating amount is 25 g / m 2 . Cover the glass sheet, control the direction of the external magnetic field, and induce a horizontally directionally enhanced precursor membrane of Fe 3 O 4 @BN; S15. Perform electrospinning with alumina sol on the side containing Fe 3 O 4 @BN to obtain an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 0.15 cm and a porosity of 36.1%. Finally, dry and sinter it. The heating rate of sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 800 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain the composite ceramic fiber membrane. Comparative Example 1 Preparation method of fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight percentage: Mg is 0.6wt%, Si is 0.5wt%, Zn is 0.2wt%, Fe is 0.25wt%, Cu is 0.25wt%, Mn is 0.35wt%, Cr is 0.2wt%, Ti is 0.05wt%, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Place the ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, keep the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the ceramic fiber membrane comprises the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol and stir to dissolve, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution. Electrospin the spinning solution to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a porosity of 38.9%; S12. Dry and sinter the precursor membrane in step S11. The heating rate of sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 650 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain a ceramic fiber membrane. Comparative Example 2 Preparation method of fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight percentage: Mg is 0.6wt%, Si is 0.5wt%, Zn is 0.2wt%, Fe is 0.25wt%, Cu is 0.25wt%, Mn is 0.35wt%, Cr is 0.2wt%, Ti is 0.05wt%, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Place the composite ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into a mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, hold the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the ceramic fiber membrane includes the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol, stir and dissolve it, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution, perform electrospinning on the spinning solution to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a porosity of 38.9%; S12. After the precursor membrane in step S11 is dried, perform composite spinning, use alumina sol electrospinning to obtain an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 0.15 cm and a porosity of 40.2%. Finally, dry and sinter it. The heating rate of sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 800 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Comparative Example 3 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Place the composite ceramic fiber membrane in a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into a mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, hold the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane includes the following steps: S11. After adding polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol and stirring to dissolve it, tetraethyl orthosilicate is added. The mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, a spinning solution is obtained. The spinning solution is electrospun to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a porosity of 38.9%; S12. The exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets are added to ethanol and dispersed evenly to obtain an 8 wt% BN dispersion; S13. The precursor membrane in step S11 is placed on the upper surface of a glass slide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate sol is coated. Then, the BN dispersion is dropwise coated on the surface of the sol, and the coating amount is 25 g / m 2 , and finally dried and sintered. The heating rate of sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 650 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Comparative Example 4 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, it is heated to melting to obtain an aluminum liquid; S2. The composite ceramic fiber membrane is placed in a mold; S3. The aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 is poured into the mold and pressurized at a pressure of 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane and solidify under pressure. The pressure is maintained for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, the casting is kept at 540 °C for 5 h, then quenched into warm water and cooled to room temperature, and then kept at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cooled to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane comprises the following steps: S11. After adding polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol and stirring to dissolve it, tetraethyl orthosilicate is added. The mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, a spinning solution is obtained. The spinning solution is electrospun to obtain a precursor membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a porosity of 39.1%; S12. The exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets are added to ethanol and dispersed evenly to obtain an 8 wt% BN dispersion; S13. Coat the precursor film in step S11 on the upper surface of a glass slide with tetraethyl orthosilicate sol, and then dropwise coat the BN dispersion on the surface of the sol, with a coating amount of 25 g / m 2 , to obtain a precursor film with randomly oriented BN reinforcement; S14. Electrospin using silica sol on the side containing BN to obtain an electrospun film with a thickness of 0.1 cm and a porosity of 44.6%. Finally, dry and sinter it. The heating rate during sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 650 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Comparative Example 5 Preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, heat to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. Place the composite ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold, apply pressure at 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid can penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane, solidify under pressure, hold the pressure for 15 s. After the casting solidifies and forms, keep the casting at 540 °C for 5 h, then quench it into warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cool it to room temperature in the air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane comprises the following steps: S11. Add polyvinylpyrrolidone to ethanol and stir to dissolve it, then add tetraethyl orthosilicate. The mass-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol is 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, obtain a spinning solution, and electrospin the spinning solution to obtain a precursor film with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a porosity of 39.5%; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to ferric chloride is 18:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 °C and dropwise add ammonia water until the pH of the solution is 9.5. Continue to stir until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN, and for Fe 3 O4 @BN was added to ethanol and dispersed evenly to obtain an Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion with a concentration of 7 wt%; S14. The precursor film in step S11 was placed on the upper surface of a glass slide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate sol was coated. Then, the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion was dropwise coated on the surface of the sol, and the coating was repeated. The coating amount was 10 g / m 2 . A glass slide was covered, the direction of the applied magnetic field was controlled, and the Fe 3 O 4 @BN was induced to form a precursor film with enhanced orientation in the horizontal direction. Finally, it was dried and sintered. The heating rate of sintering was 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature was 650 °C, and the sintering time was 1.5 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Comparative Example 6 A preparation method of a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the following components by weight: 0.6 wt% of Mg, 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.2 wt% of Zn, 0.25 wt% of Fe, 0.25 wt% of Cu, 0.35 wt% of Mn, 0.2 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Ti, and the balance is Al. After mixing, it was heated to melting to obtain aluminum liquid; S2. The composite ceramic fiber membrane was placed in a mold; S3. The aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 was poured into the mold, and pressurized at a pressure of 130 MPa so that the aluminum liquid could penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane and solidify under pressure. The pressure was maintained for 15 s. After the casting solidified and formed, the casting was kept at 540 °C for 5 h, then quenched into warm water and cooled to room temperature, then kept at 160 °C for 2.5 h, and finally cooled to room temperature in air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1 mm; Among them, the preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane comprises the following steps: S11. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to ethanol and stirred until dissolved, and then tetraethyl orthosilicate was added. The mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol was 2:4 mL:30 mL. After stirring evenly, a spinning solution was obtained. The spinning solution was electrospun to obtain a precursor film with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a porosity of 65.9%; S12. Ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate were added to water according to a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12. The molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to iron chloride is 18:4. After mixing and stirring evenly, add ammonia water dropwise to the mixed solution in a water bath at 60 °C until the pH of the solution reaches 9.5. Continue stirring until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe 3 O 4 @BN. Add Fe 3 O 4 @BN to ethanol and disperse it evenly to obtain a 7 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion; S14. Coating the upper surface of the glass sheet with tetraethyl orthosilicate sol for the precursor film in step S11, and then dropwise coating the Fe 3 O 4 @BN dispersion on the surface of the sol. Repeat the coating, and the coating amount is 25 g / m 2 . Cover the glass sheet, control the direction of the external magnetic field, and induce the precursor film with Fe 3 O 4 @BN oriented and enhanced in the horizontal direction. Finally, dry and sinter it. The heating rate of sintering is 2.5 °C / min, the sintering temperature is 650 °C, and the sintering time is 1.5 h to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane. Perform a room temperature unidirectional tensile test using a universal material testing machine. The shape and size of the specimen are as Figure 1 shown. During the test process, set the tensile speed of the specimen to 2 mm·s -1 , and set the condition for the equipment to stop stretching as the tensile stress drops by more than 80%; Perform a three-point bending test on the specimen using a universal material testing machine according to the test method of HB7617-1998. The specifications of the specimen are: length 80 mm, width 15 mm. The test conditions are: span 60 mm, bending speed 2 mm / min. Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples given for clear illustration and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material, characterized by: The aluminum alloy material is composed of a composite ceramic fiber membrane and a composite metal. The composite ceramic fiber membrane contains at least one layer of ceramic fiber membrane and horizontally oriented sheet Fe3O4@BN is attached to at least one surface of the ceramic fiber membrane. The composite metal comprises the following components in parts by weight: Mg 0.4-0.8wt% Si 0.4-0.9wt% Zn 0.05-0.25wt% Fe 0.1-0.35wt% Cu 0.1-0.35wt% Mn 0.2-0.5wt% Cr 0.1-0.3wt% Ti 0.02-0.12wt% The balance is Al.

2. The fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane comprises the following steps: S11. adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone to ethanol and stirring to dissolve, adding tetraethyl orthosilicate, stirring evenly to obtain a spinning solution, and electrospinning the spinning solution to obtain a precursor film; S12. Add ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate to water in a molar ratio of 2:1 to prepare a mixed solution; S13. Add the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets to the mixed solution prepared in step S12, mix and stir evenly, place the mixed solution in a water bath, add ammonia water until the pH of the solution is 9.5, continue stirring until the reaction is complete, and then perform magnetic separation to obtain Fe3O4@BN, add Fe3O4@BN to ethanol and disperse evenly to obtain Fe3O4@BN dispersion; S14. The precursor film prepared in step S11 is placed on a glass sheet and coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate sol. Then, Fe3O4@BN dispersion is added dropwise and coated on the surface of the sol. The coating is repeated and the glass sheet is covered. The direction of the external magnetic field is controlled to induce the Fe3O4@BN precursor film to be directionally enhanced in the horizontal direction. Finally, the film is dried and sintered to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane.

3. The fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite ceramic fiber membrane also includes: A precursor membrane with horizontally directional reinforcement of Fe3O4@BN was prepared as a receiving plate, and electrostatic spinning was performed on the side containing Fe3O4@BN. Finally, the membrane was dried and sintered to obtain a composite ceramic fiber membrane with a sandwich structure.

4. The fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material according to claim 3, characterized in that: One side of the sandwich-structured composite ceramic fiber membrane is a SiO2 fiber membrane, and the other side is an electrostatic spinning membrane containing any one or more of SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2 or SiC.

5. The fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S11, the mass volume ratio of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol is 2-4 g: 4-6 mL: 30-45 mL, the thickness of the precursor film is 0.05-0.2 mm, and the porosity is 30-50%.

6. The fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S13, the molar ratio of boron nitride nanosheets to ferric chloride is 15-20:4, the water bath temperature is 50-65° C., and the concentration of the Fe3O4@BN dispersion is 5-8wt%.

7. The fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coating amount of the Fe3O4@BN dispersion in step S14 is 20-35 g / m 2 The sintering heating rate is 2-3℃ / min, the sintering temperature is 600-900℃, and the sintering time is 1-2h.

8. The fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the electrospinning membrane is 0.1-0.2 cm, and the porosity is 30-50%.

9. The method for preparing a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. heating the composite metal component to melt to obtain molten aluminum; S2. placing the composite ceramic fiber membrane into a mold; S3. Pour the aluminum liquid prepared in step S1 into the mold and pressurize it at a pressure of 120-140MPa to allow the aluminum liquid to penetrate into the composite ceramic fiber membrane and solidify under pressure. Maintain the pressure for 15-20S. After the casting is solidified, keep the casting at 530-550℃ for 4-6h, then quench it in warm water and cool it to room temperature, then keep it at 150-170℃ for 2-3h, and finally cool it to room temperature in air to obtain a fiber membrane composite oriented boron nitride reinforced thin aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 1-1.5mm.

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