Processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile

Abstract

The invention relates to a machining process of a 6063 high-performance aluminum profile, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum profile machining processes. The machining process comprises the following steps that a clean aluminum alloy is subjected to solid solution heat treatment, quenching cooling, primary aging heat treatment, primary rolling treatment and remelting heat preservation after rolling is completed, and the prefabricated aluminum alloy is obtained; and the prefabricated aluminum alloy is subjected to secondary aging heat treatment and then subjected to secondary rolling treatment, and the prefabricated aluminum alloy is returned to the furnace for heat preservation after being rolled. According to the method, the form and distribution of intracrystalline and grain boundary precipitated phases are controlled according to the pressing amount of two times of aging heat treatment and rolling treatment, so that an aluminum alloy product has high strength performance; the high solid solution treatment temperature is adopted, dissolution of a large amount of metal elements is promoted, undissolved crystal phases are reduced, the solid solution degree is improved, element diffusion is promoted, the uniformity of the aluminum alloy is optimized, and the mechanical property is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum profile processing technology, and relates to a processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum and its alloys, as the non-ferrous metal materials with the largest current output, have many advantages such as low density, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and easy processability. The traditional forming methods of aluminum alloys mainly include casting and deformation. Cast aluminum alloys highly rely on molds, so they are not suitable for small-batch and customized production scenarios. Deformed aluminum alloys, on the other hand, cannot manufacture components with complex shapes and require further subsequent processing.

[0003] With the rapid development of modern manufacturing industry, efficient, integrated, lightweight, clean and environmentally friendly equipment has become the industry mainstream. In this context, reducing weight and improving unit efficiency have become the core trends in the development of high-end manufacturing. To meet this demand, the research and development of high-strength aluminum alloys have become particularly important. Aluminum alloys, due to their unique properties, are in line with the reform trend of weight reduction and efficiency increase in high-end equipment.

[0004] As a heat-treatable aluminum alloy, 6063 aluminum alloy exhibits excellent processability, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. Through microalloying technology, we can obtain the expected comprehensive properties, making 6063 aluminum alloy a hot spot in the research of lightweight materials. The traditional single-step aging process is usually carried out at 120°C or 170°C for a long time to obtain the best mechanical properties of the alloy. However, this process has the problem of low efficiency, and the improvement effect on the yield strength of the alloy is not obvious. To meet the dual demands of modern industry for cost control and production efficiency improvement, it is necessary to optimize the heat treatment process of aluminum alloys to reduce the treatment duration. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize the heat treatment process of aluminum alloys to improve their mechanical properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles. The present invention controls the morphology and distribution of intragranular and grain boundary precipitation phases by two-step aging heat treatment and the amount of reduction under rolling treatment, so that the aluminum alloy product has both high-strength properties; adopts a high solution treatment temperature to promote the massive dissolution of metal elements, reduce the undissolved crystalline phase, improve the solution degree, promote element diffusion, optimize the uniformity of aluminum alloy, and improve mechanical properties.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Clean the surface of the aluminum alloy, dry it, perform solution heat treatment, and then quench and cool it.

[0009] S2. Perform a first aging heat treatment on the quenched aluminum alloy at 180 - 200 °C for 2 - 3 h, then perform the first rolling treatment with a reduction of ≤ 40%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation to obtain a prefabricated aluminum alloy.

[0010] S3. Perform a second aging heat treatment on the prefabricated aluminum alloy at 160 - 170 °C for 1.5 - 2 h, then perform the second rolling treatment with a reduction of ≤ 30%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the aluminum alloy sample of the present invention has a high - density dislocation structure because it experiences rapid heating and cooling during the forming process, resulting in the grains not having enough time to fully grow. This refined grain structure can effectively concentrate stress, thereby significantly improving the performance of the material. This carefully regulated microstructure plays a crucial role in optimizing the performance of the aluminum alloy.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.56 - 0.60%, Si 0.45 - 0.48%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 50 - 60 °C; the time of the quenching and cooling is 20 - 30 min.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 560 - 580 °C for 1.5 - 2 h.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the temperature of the first rolling treatment is 280 - 300 °C.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the time of heat preservation in the furnace is 20 - 25 min; the reduction is 40%.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S3, the time of heat preservation in the furnace is 15 - 20 min; the reduction is 30%.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S3, the temperature of the second rolling treatment is 280 - 300 °C.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in steps S2 and S3, the rolling rolls are preheated before rolling and kept at 280 °C for 3 h.

[0020] The present invention discloses a 6063 high-performance aluminum profile prepared by the above processing technology.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] (1) By adopting a relatively high first aging treatment temperature, the present invention promotes the rapid growth of the precipitate phase radius, so that the precipitation strength increases faster. Combining with a suitable single-pass reduction amount of the rolling treatment, while improving the rolling efficiency, it further improves the refinement of the precipitate phase and the uniformity of the aluminum alloy; when the precipitate phase radius approaches the peak value, during the aging treatment process, adopting a relatively low temperature for the second time helps to further refine the precipitate phase. By reducing the treatment temperature, the formation and refinement of the precipitate phase can be effectively promoted. Combining with reducing the reduction amount helps to obtain more fine precipitate phases and improve the uniformity of the aluminum alloy, so that the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy are significantly improved, and at the same time, the segregation phenomenon of the material is effectively controlled.

[0023] (2) During the solution treatment process of the present invention, a relatively high solution temperature range is adopted to promote a large amount of elements such as Mg, Ni, and Cr in the aluminum alloy to dissolve into the matrix, reduce the undissolved crystal phase, and improve the solution degree, so as to achieve the maximum supersaturation. This temperature range increases the concentration of the matrix solid solution, helps the diffusion of elements in the matrix, can effectively optimize the uniformity of the aluminum alloy, and improve its mechanical properties. Description of the drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is the tensile strength curve graph of Example 1. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] In order to further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following combines examples to describe in detail the specific implementation manners, structures, features and their effects according to the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A processing technology for a 6063 high-performance aluminum profile includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. After cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy and removing the moisture, perform solution heat treatment, and then quench and cool.

[0029] S2. Perform a first aging heat treatment on the quenched aluminum alloy at 180 °C for 3 h, then perform the first rolling treatment with a reduction amount of 40%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation to obtain a prefabricated aluminum alloy.

[0030] S3. Subject the prefabricated aluminum alloy to secondary aging heat treatment at 160 °C for 2 h, then perform the second rolling treatment with a reduction of 30%, and after rolling, return it to the furnace for heat preservation.

[0031] In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.56%, Si 0.45%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0032] In step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 50 °C; the time for quenching and cooling is 30 min;

[0033] In step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 560 °C for 2 h;

[0034] In step S2, the temperature of the first rolling treatment is 280 °C;

[0035] In step S2, the time for heat preservation in the furnace is 25 min;

[0036] In step S3, the time for heat preservation in the furnace is 20 min;

[0037] In step S3, the temperature of the second rolling treatment is 280 °C;

[0038] In steps S2 and S3, preheat the rolling rolls before rolling and keep them at 280 °C for 3 h.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. After cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy and drying the moisture, perform solution heat treatment, and then quench and cool;

[0042] S2. Subject the quenched aluminum alloy to primary aging heat treatment at 190 °C for 2.5 h, then perform the first rolling treatment with a reduction of 40%, and after rolling, return it to the furnace for heat preservation to obtain a prefabricated aluminum alloy;

[0043] S3. Subject the prefabricated aluminum alloy to secondary aging heat treatment at 165 °C for 1.8 h, then perform the second rolling treatment with a reduction of 30%, and after rolling, return it to the furnace for heat preservation.

[0044] In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.58%, Si 0.47%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0045] In step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 55 °C; the time of the quenching and cooling is 25 min;

[0046] In step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 570 °C for 1.8 h;

[0047] In step S2, the temperature of the first rolling treatment is 290 °C;

[0048] In step S2, the time of the furnace return heat preservation is 22 min;

[0049] In step S3, the time of the furnace return heat preservation is 18 min;

[0050] In step S3, the temperature of the second rolling treatment is 290 °C;

[0051] In steps S2 and S3, the rolling mill rolls are preheated before rolling and kept at 280 °C for 3 h.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1. After cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy and removing the moisture, carry out solution heat treatment, and then carry out quenching and cooling;

[0055] S2. Carry out a primary aging heat treatment on the quenched aluminum alloy at 200 °C for 2 h, then carry out the first rolling treatment with a reduction of 40%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation to obtain a prefabricated aluminum alloy;

[0056] S3. Carry out a secondary aging heat treatment on the prefabricated aluminum alloy at 170 °C for 1.5 h, then carry out the second rolling treatment with a reduction of 30%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation.

[0057] In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.60%, Si 0.48%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0058] In step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 60 °C; the time of the quenching and cooling is 20 min;

[0059] In step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 580 °C for 1.5 h;

[0060] In step S2, the temperature of the first rolling treatment is 300 °C;

[0061] In step S2, the time for reheating and heat preservation is 20 min; the reduction is 40%;

[0062] In step S3, the time for reheating and heat preservation is 15 min; the reduction is 30%;

[0063] In step S3, the temperature of the second rolling treatment is 300 °C;

[0064] In steps S2 and S3, the rolling mill rolls are preheated before rolling and heat-preserved at 280 °C for 3 h.

[0065] Comparative Example 1

[0066] A processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles includes the following steps:

[0067] S1. After cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy and removing the moisture, solution heat treatment is carried out, and then quenching and cooling are carried out;

[0068] S2. The quenched aluminum alloy is subjected to a primary aging heat treatment at 190 °C for 2.5 h, and then a first rolling treatment is carried out with a reduction of 40%. After rolling, it is reheated and heat-preserved to obtain a prefabricated aluminum alloy;

[0069] S3. The prefabricated aluminum alloy is subjected to a secondary aging heat treatment at 165 °C for 1.8 h, and then a second rolling treatment is carried out with a reduction of 30%. After rolling, it is reheated and heat-preserved.

[0070] In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.58%, Si 0.47%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0071] In step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 55 °C; the time for quenching and cooling is 25 min;

[0072] In step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 530 °C for 1.8 h;

[0073] In step S2, the temperature of the first rolling treatment is 290 °C;

[0074] In step S2, the time for reheating and heat preservation is 22 min;

[0075] In step S3, the time for reheating and heat preservation is 18 min;

[0076] In step S3, the temperature of the second rolling treatment is 290 °C;

[0077] In steps S2 and S3, the rolls are preheated before rolling and held at 280 °C for 3 h.

[0078] Compared with Example 2, the difference lies in the solution heat treatment temperature in step S1, and the other components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0079] Comparative Example 2

[0080] A processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles includes the following steps:

[0081] S1. After cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy and removing the moisture, perform solution heat treatment, and then quench and cool.

[0082] S2. Perform a first aging heat treatment on the quenched aluminum alloy at 190 °C for 2.5 h, then perform the first rolling treatment with a reduction of 40%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation to obtain a prefabricated aluminum alloy.

[0083] S3. Perform a second aging heat treatment on the prefabricated aluminum alloy at 190 °C for 1.8 h, then perform the second rolling treatment with a reduction of 30%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation.

[0084] In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.58%, Si 0.47%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0085] In step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 55 °C; the time for quenching and cooling is 25 min.

[0086] In step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 570 °C for 1.8 h.

[0087] In step S2, the temperature of the first rolling treatment is 290 °C.

[0088] In step S2, the time for heat preservation in the furnace is 22 min.

[0089] In step S3, the time for heat preservation in the furnace is 18 min.

[0090] In step S3, the temperature of the second rolling treatment is 290 °C.

[0091] In steps S2 and S3, the rolls are preheated before rolling and held at 280 °C for 3 h.

[0092] Compared with Example 2, the difference lies in the second aging heat treatment temperature in step S3, and the other components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0093] Comparative Example 3

[0094] A processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles, comprising the following steps:

[0095] S1. After cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy and removing the moisture, perform solution heat treatment, and then quench and cool;

[0096] S2. Perform primary aging heat treatment on the quenched aluminum alloy at 165°C for 2.5 hours, then perform the first rolling treatment with a reduction of 40%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation to obtain a prefabricated aluminum alloy;

[0097] S3. Perform secondary aging heat treatment on the prefabricated aluminum alloy at 165°C for 1.8 hours, then perform the second rolling treatment with a reduction of 30%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation.

[0098] In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.58%, Si 0.47%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;

[0099] In step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 55°C; the time for quenching and cooling is 25 minutes;

[0100] In step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 570°C for 1.8 hours;

[0101] In step S2, the temperature of the first rolling treatment is 290°C;

[0102] In step S2, the time for heat preservation in the furnace is 22 minutes;

[0103] In step S3, the time for heat preservation in the furnace is 18 minutes;

[0104] In step S3, the temperature of the second rolling treatment is 290°C;

[0105] In steps S2 and S3, the rolling rolls are preheated and kept at 280°C for 3 hours before rolling.

[0106] Compared with Example 2, the difference lies in the temperature of the primary aging heat treatment in step S2, and the other components, preparation steps, and parameters are the same.

[0107] Comparative Example 4

[0108] A processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles, comprising the following steps:

[0109] S1. Clean the surface of the aluminum alloy, dry it, perform solution heat treatment, and then quench and cool it.

[0110] S2. Perform a first aging heat treatment on the quenched aluminum alloy at 190 °C for 4.3 h, then perform a first rolling treatment with a reduction of 70%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation for 40 min.

[0111] In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.58%, Si 0.47%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0112] In step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 55 °C; the time for quenching and cooling is 25 min.

[0113] In step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 570 °C for 1.8 h.

[0114] In step S2, the temperature of the first rolling treatment is 290 °C.

[0115] In step S2, preheat the rolling rolls before rolling and keep them at 280 °C for 3 h.

[0116] Compared with Example 2, the difference is that Comparative Example 4 only performs a first aging heat treatment (190 °C).

[0117] Comparative Example 5

[0118] A processing process for 6063 high-performance aluminum profiles includes the following steps:

[0119] S1. Clean the surface of the aluminum alloy, dry it, perform solution heat treatment, and then quench and cool it.

[0120] S2. Perform a first aging heat treatment on the quenched aluminum alloy at 165 °C for 4.3 h, then perform a first rolling treatment with a reduction of 70%, and after rolling, return to the furnace for heat preservation for 40 min.

[0121] In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass fraction: Mg 0.58%, Si 0.47%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0122] In step S1, the quenching and cooling is to cool to 55 °C; the time for quenching and cooling is 25 min.

[0123] In step S1, the solution heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 570 °C for 1.8 h.

[0124] In step S2, the temperature of the primary rolling treatment is 290 °C;

[0125] In step S2, the rolling rolls are preheated before rolling and kept at 280 °C for 3 h.

[0126] Compared with Example 2, the difference is that Comparative Example 5 only undergoes one aging heat treatment (165 °C).

[0127] Tensile property tests were carried out on the specimens prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5: According to the national standard (GB / T 228-2002) "Test Method for Tensile Properties of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature", a mechanical testing machine was used to conduct tensile property tests on the specimens. During the test, the engineering strain rate was 1×10 -3 / s, and the test was carried out at room temperature with a temperature of 25 °C. The final tensile data is the average of three tests, and the main measurement indicators are tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at break.

[0128] Table 1

[0129] Tensile strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Elongation at break (%) Example 1 225 186 9 Example 2 227 188 9 Example 3 224 185 9 Comparative Example 1 203 167 8 Comparative Example 2 210 172 8 Comparative Example 3 192 156 7 Comparative Example 4 208 169 8 Comparative Example 5 196 159 7

[0130] As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, compared with Comparative Examples 1-5, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at break of the aluminum alloys prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention are significantly superior to those of Comparative Examples 1-5.

[0131] By comparing Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 and analyzing in combination with Table 1, increasing the temperature of the first aging treatment can accelerate the growth of the precipitate phase radius. Combining with an appropriate rolling treatment single-pass reduction, the rolling efficiency can be improved, the precipitate phase can be refined, and the uniformity of the aluminum alloy can be improved. When the precipitate phase radius approaches the peak value, reducing the aging treatment temperature can promote the further refinement of the precipitate phase, reduce the reduction amount, increase the number of fine precipitate phases, improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy, and effectively control the segregation phenomenon. Adopting a higher solution temperature range can promote the dissolution of elements such as Mg, Ni, and Cr in the aluminum alloy into the matrix in large quantities, reduce the undissolved crystalline phase, improve the solution degree, and obtain the maximum supersaturation. This temperature range increases the matrix solid solution concentration, optimizes the uniformity of the aluminum alloy, and improves the mechanical properties.

[0132] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention by using the above-disclosed technical content. However, as long as it does not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, any brief modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing technology for 6063 high-performance aluminum profile, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. After cleaning and drying the surface of the aluminum alloy, solution heat treatment is performed, followed by quenching and cooling; S2, subjecting the quenched aluminum alloy to an aging heat treatment at 180-200° C. for 2-3 hours, and then subjecting the alloy to a first rolling treatment with a pressing amount of ≤40%. After rolling, the alloy is returned to the furnace for heat preservation to obtain a prefabricated aluminum alloy; S3, subjecting the prefabricated aluminum alloy to secondary aging heat treatment at 160-170°C for 1.5-2h, and then subjecting it to a second rolling treatment with a downward pressing amount of ≤30%, and returning it to the furnace for heat preservation after rolling.

2. The processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the aluminum alloy includes the following metal elements by mass percentage: Mg 0.56-0.60%, Si 0.45-0.48%, Fe 0.21%, Mn 0.065%, Zn 0.03%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

3. The processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the quenching cooling is cooling to 50-60°C; the quenching cooling time is 20-30 minutes.

4. The processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the solution heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 560-580°C for 1.5-2h.

5. The processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the temperature of the first rolling process is 280-300°C.

6. The processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the time of returning to the furnace and keeping warm is 20-25 minutes; and the downward pressure is 40%.

7. The processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, the time of returning to the furnace and keeping warm is 15-20 minutes; and the downward pressure is 30%.

8. The processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, the temperature of the second rolling process is 280-300°C.

9. The processing technology of 6063 high-performance aluminum profile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In steps S2 and S3, the rollers are preheated before rolling and kept at 280°C for 3 hours.

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