Structure and method for preventing and treating leakage diseases, deterioration and decay of outer wall

Abstract

The invention discloses a structure and method for preventing and treating leakage diseases and deterioration decay of an outer wall. The structure comprises a water blocking structure and a drainage device. The water blocking structure is arranged on the outer side face of an existing building body and located on the outdoor face of an outer wall edge beam or a window eave lintel of each floor of the existing building. The drainage device is arranged on the top and the bottom of the water blocking structure, and the drainage device is communicated between the inner side and the outer side of the outdoor surface structural layer of the outer wall of the existing building. The water blocking structure and the drainage device are arranged, the water blocking structure is used for blocking water, and the drainage device is matched for drainage, so that water or water vapor entering the exterior wall outdoor surface structural layer can be discharged in time, and the situation that water accumulates and diffuses in the exterior wall to aggravate wall weathering is avoided; the wall body and structural layer performance material decay speed is slowed down, the purpose of effectively preventing and treating the phenomena of outer wall leakage diseases and deterioration decay is achieved, and the wall body and structural layer structure is simple in structure, easy to construct and worthy of application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technology in the field of building construction, and in particular to a structure and method for preventing and controlling the leakage diseases and deterioration decay of exterior walls. Background Art

[0002] Leakage and cracking of exterior walls are common quality problems in buildings. They not only affect the service function and appearance, but also accelerate the weathering of the wall and the qualitative change, decay and peeling of the decorative layer structure layer. Exterior wall leakage refers to the phenomenon that water infiltrates into the interior of the building exterior wall due to various reasons. This kind of leakage may be caused by various factors, such as design defects, construction quality problems, material aging and environmental factors, etc. Deterioration decay refers to the process in which the exterior wall materials of a building gradually lose their original performance due to various reasons (such as chemical erosion, physical wear, biological corrosion, etc.) during use.

[0003] At present, the exterior wall of a building is provided with an exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer. The exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer is usually an exterior wall external thermal insulation structure layer or an exterior wall stone curtain wall structure layer. However, at present, the exterior wall of a building lacks the design of a drainage structure for the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer. As a result, when water or water vapor enters the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer, it cannot be discharged in time, causing the interior of the exterior wall to be constantly in a dry-wet alternating cycle, which not only endangers the integrity and durability stability of the wall, accelerates the degradation of material performance, but also induces the appearance of exterior wall deterioration decay in the building. Therefore, it is necessary to study a solution to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in view of the deficiencies existing in the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a structure and method for preventing and controlling the leakage diseases and deterioration decay of exterior walls, which can effectively solve the problem that the existing buildings are prone to the phenomena of exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration decay.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A structure for preventing and controlling the leakage diseases and deterioration decay of exterior walls includes a water barrier structure and a drainage device; the water barrier structure is arranged on the outer side of the main body of an existing building, and the water barrier structure is located on the outdoor surface of the exterior wall side beam or the window lintel over beam of each floor of the existing building; the drainage device is arranged on the top and bottom of the water barrier structure, and the drainage device communicates between the inner side and the outer side of the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer of the existing building. As a preferred solution, the water barrier structure protrudes from the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer by greater than or equal to 10 millimeters, the top of the water barrier structure is set as a drainage slope with an inner high and outer low slope outward, and the bottom of the water barrier structure is set as a drip line or an eave drip structure to prevent outdoor water from flowing back into the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer.

[0007] As a preferred solution, the drainage device is a plurality of holes, which are arranged along the upper top and the lower bottom of the water-blocking structure. Each hole communicates between the interior and the outside of the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer, and the distance between two adjacent holes is not greater than 50 millimeters.

[0008] As a preferred solution, a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric is arranged in the holes.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer is an exterior wall external thermal insulation structure layer. When used to control the leakage of water in the exterior wall external thermal insulation structure layer, the water-blocking structure includes a ceramic foam profile, which is fixedly bonded to the concrete structure entity at the exterior wall side beam, window lintel or roof guardrail coping of each floor of the existing building through a cement-based polymer binder. And a polymer impermeable and moisture-proof coating is arranged on the top of the ceramic foam profile.

[0010] As a preferred solution, an L-shaped or T-shaped stainless steel profile support plate is anchored every 200 - 500 millimeters at the middle position of the base surface of the concrete structure entity where the ceramic foam profile is bonded. The stainless steel profile support plate protrudes outward and is parallel to the water-blocking structure. A groove is provided on the ceramic foam profile, and the stainless steel profile support plate is embedded in the groove for fixation.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer is an exterior wall stone curtain wall structure layer. When used to control the leakage of water in the exterior wall stone curtain wall structure layer, a reinforced concrete structure is reconstructed by the process technology of implanting steel bars, formwork support and pouring concrete to form the aforementioned water-blocking structure, and a crystalline permeable self-healing waterproof material and a water stop belt are provided on the water-blocking structure.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the water-blocking structure is a stainless steel profile water drainage member, which is fixed by anchor nails and sealed with a bonding sealant.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the water-blocking structure includes a foamed ceramic thermal insulation board and a mortar plastering layer. The foamed ceramic thermal insulation board is fixedly bonded to the outer side surface of the existing building main body through a cement-based polymer binder, and the foamed ceramic thermal insulation board is fixed by bundling with a plurality of steel mesh belts. The plurality of steel mesh belts are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the foamed ceramic thermal insulation board. The upper and lower ends of each steel mesh belt are fixed to the existing building main body by steel nails. The mortar plastering layer is formed to cover the foamed ceramic thermal insulation board, and a drip line or an eave drip structure is arranged at the outer edge of the bottom surface of the mortar plastering layer.

[0014] A method for preventing and controlling exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration decay, adopting the aforementioned structure for preventing and controlling exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration decay, includes the following steps:

[0015] (1) A water-blocking structure is arranged at a corresponding position on the outer side of the main body of the existing building, and the clear water is blocked by the water-blocking structure;

[0016] (2) Drainage devices are arranged at the upper top and the lower bottom of the water-blocking structure, and the drainage devices are communicated between the inner side and the outer side of the structure layer on the outer surface of the exterior wall of the existing building. The water vapor entering the inner side of the structure layer on the outer surface of the exterior wall of the existing building is discharged by the drainage devices.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. Specifically, as can be seen from the above technical solutions:

[0018] By arranging the water-blocking structure and the drainage devices, blocking the water by the water-blocking structure and cooperating with the drainage devices for drainage, the water or water vapor entering the interior of the structure layer on the outer surface of the exterior wall can be discharged in time, avoiding the accumulation and diffusion of water inside the exterior wall and exacerbating the weathering of the wall, delaying the decay speed of the performance materials of the wall and the structure layer, and achieving the purpose of effectively preventing and controlling the leakage diseases and deterioration decay phenomena of the exterior wall. The structure of the present invention is simple and the construction is easy, which is worthy of popularization and application.

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and functions of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged schematic diagram at position A in

[0022] Figure 3 is Figure 1 an enlarged schematic diagram of another structure at position A in

[0023] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the third preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 It is Figure 9 a partially enlarged schematic view;

[0030] Figure 11 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 12 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ninth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 13 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tenth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 14 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the eleventh preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 15 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of the attached drawing reference numerals:

[0036] 10, water barrier structure; 11, drainage slope

[0037] 12, drip line; 13, eave structure

[0038] 14, ceramic foam profile; 141, groove

[0039] 15, stainless steel profile support plate; 16, steel bar

[0040] 17, reinforced concrete structure; 18, stainless steel profile water drainage and blocking member

[0041] 19, anchor bolt; 101, cement-based polymer binder

[0042] 102, polymer impermeable and moisture-proof coating; 103, crystalline penetration self-healing waterproof material

[0043] 104, water stop belt; 105, bonding sealant

[0044] 106, foamed ceramic insulation board; 107, mortar plaster layer

[0045] 108, cement-based polymer binder; 109, steel mesh belt

[0046] 110, steel nail; 111, drip line

[0047] 112, eave structure; 20, drainage device

[0048] 21, hole; 22, water-permeable and air-permeable non-woven fabric

[0049] 23. Vent pipe 24. Drain pipe

[0050] 25. Water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric 26. Hydrophobic and breathable holes

[0051] 30. Existing building 31. Exterior wall side beam

[0052] 32. Window eave lintel 33. Exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer

[0053] 331. Thermal insulation layer 332. Finishing layer

[0054] 34. Masonry exterior wall 301. First special mortar

[0055] 302. Second special mortar 303. Third special mortar

[0056] 304. Fourth special mortar. Detailed implementation mode

[0057] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 as shown, which shows the specific structure of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, a structure for preventing and controlling exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration, including a water barrier structure 10 and a drainage device 20.

[0058] The water barrier structure 10 is combined with the main body of the existing building 30, and the water barrier structure 10 is located on the outdoor surface of the exterior wall side beam 31 or the window eave lintel 32 of each floor of the existing building 30. In this embodiment, the water barrier structure 10 protrudes from the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 by greater than or equal to 10 mm. The upper top of the water barrier structure 10 is provided with a drainage slope 11 that is higher on the inside and lower on the outside and slopes outward. The lower bottom of the water barrier structure 10 is provided with a drip line 12 (as shown in Figure 3 as shown) or an eagle beak structure 13 (as shown in Figure 2 as shown) to prevent outdoor water from flowing back into the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33. The water barrier effect is better, and this is not limited.

[0059] The drainage device 20 is provided at the upper and lower bottoms of the water barrier structure 10, and the drainage device 20 communicates between the inner and outer sides of the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 of the existing building 30. In this embodiment, the drainage device 20 is a plurality of holes 21, and the plurality of holes 21 are arranged along the upper and lower bottoms of the water barrier structure 10. Each hole 21 communicates with the outside of the interior of the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33, and the distance between two adjacent holes 21 is not greater than 50 millimeters. In addition, a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric 22 is provided in the hole 21, and the water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric 22 is pre-buried in the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33. In addition, the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 includes a thermal insulation layer 331 and a decorative layer 332. The thermal insulation layer 331 is fixedly attached to the outer wall outdoor surface, and the decorative layer 332 is fixedly attached to the outer surface of the thermal insulation layer 331.

[0060] The present invention also discloses a method for preventing and controlling exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration decay, which adopts the foregoing structure for preventing and controlling exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration decay, and includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) A water barrier structure 10 is provided at a corresponding position on the outer side of the main body of the existing building 30, and the water barrier structure 10 is used to block surface water.

[0062] (2) A drainage device 30 is provided at the upper and lower bottoms of the water barrier structure 10, and the drainage device 30 is connected between the inner and outer sides of the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 of the existing building 30. The drainage device 20 is used to discharge the water vapor entering the inner side of the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 of the existing building 30.

[0063] Specifically, during daily use, the water barrier structure 10 functions to block water. When it is rainy or humid, external water or water vapor enters the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33, and the water can be immediately discharged from the holes 21 located on the lower side. After rainy or humid weather, due to the arrangement of the holes 21 and the cooperation with the water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric 22, the water vapor in the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 is evaporated to the outside, so that the inside of the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 is dry and does not appear in a long-term wet state, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration decay.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 4 As shown, it shows the specific structure of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as the specific structure of the foregoing first preferred embodiment, and the difference is:

[0065] In this embodiment, the drainage device 20 includes a breather pipe 23 and a drain pipe 24. The breather pipe 23 and the drain pipe 24 are inserted into the corresponding holes 21. The breather pipe 23 is located at the bottom of the water-blocking structure 10, and the drain pipe 24 is located at the top of the water-blocking structure 10. Moreover, the breather pipe 23 and the drain pipe 24 are both pre-embedded in the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33.

[0066] During daily use, the water-blocking structure 10 plays a role in blocking water. When it is rainy or humid, external water or water vapor enters the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33, and the water can be immediately discharged from the drain pipe 24 located at the lower side. After rainy or humid weather, due to the arrangement of the breather pipe 23 and the drain pipe 24, the water vapor in the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 is evaporated to the outside, so that the interior of the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 is dry and will not be in a long-term wet state, thus achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 5 as shown, which shows the specific structure of the third preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned first preferred embodiment, and the difference is that:

[0068] The exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 is an exterior wall external thermal insulation structure layer. When used to treat the water leakage in the exterior wall external thermal insulation structure layer, the water-blocking structure 10 includes a ceramic foam profile 14. The ceramic foam profile 14 is bonded and fixed on the concrete structure entities at the exterior wall side beams 31, window lintel beams 32 or roof guardrail coping of each floor of the existing building 30 by a cement-based polymer binder 101. And, a polymer impermeable and moisture-proof coating 102 is provided on the top of the ceramic foam profile 14. In addition, the drainage device 20 includes a breather pipe 23 and a drain pipe 24. The break part of the exterior wall thermal insulation structure layer below the water-blocking structure 10 is repaired with a first special mortar for repair 301 and the breather pipe 23 is pre-embedded. The break part of the exterior wall thermal insulation structure layer above the water-blocking structure 10 is repaired with a second special mortar for repair 302 and the drain pipe 24 is pre-embedded.

[0069] During daily use, the water-blocking structure 10 plays a role in blocking water. When it is rainy or humid, external water or water vapor enters the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33, and the water can be immediately discharged from the drain pipe 24 located at the lower side. After rainy or humid weather, due to the arrangement of the breather pipe 23 and the drain pipe 24, the water vapor in the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 is evaporated to the outside, so that the interior of the exterior wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 is dry and will not be in a long-term wet state, thus achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling exterior wall leakage diseases and deterioration.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 6As shown, it shows the specific structure of the fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned third preferred embodiment, and the difference is as follows:

[0071] At the middle position of the base surface of the concrete structure entity of the bonded ceramic foam profile 14, an L-shaped or T-shaped stainless steel profile support plate 15 is anchored every 200 - 500 mm. The stainless steel profile support plate 15 protrudes outward and is parallel to the water barrier structure 10. A groove 141 is provided on the ceramic foam profile 14, and the stainless steel profile support plate 15 is embedded in the groove 141 for fixation, so that the ceramic foam profile 14 is firmly combined with the concrete structure entities at the outer wall side beams 31, window lintel beams 32 or roof guardrail coping of each floor of the existing building 30.

[0072] The usage method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned third preferred embodiment, and the usage method of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 7 As shown, it shows the specific structure of the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned fourth preferred embodiment, and the difference is as follows:

[0074] The drainage device 20 includes a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric 25. The fracture parts of the external wall insulation structure layer above and below the water barrier structure 10 are both repaired with the third special mortar 303, and the water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric 25 is embedded.

[0075] The usage method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned fourth preferred embodiment, and the usage method of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 8 As shown, it shows the specific structure of the sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned fourth preferred embodiment, and the difference is as follows:

[0077] The fracture parts of the external wall insulation structure layer above and below the water barrier structure 10 are both repaired with the fourth special mortar 304. Before the fourth special mortar 304 forms strength, hydrophobic and breathable holes 26 with a diameter of φ5 - φ10 mm are inserted to achieve the purpose of drainage.

[0078] The usage method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned fourth preferred embodiment, and the usage method of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, it shows the specific structure of the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned first preferred embodiment. The difference is that:

[0080] The outer wall outdoor surface structure layer 33 is an outer wall stone curtain wall structure layer. When used to control the leakage of water through the outer wall stone curtain wall structure layer, a reinforced concrete structure 17 is reconstructed by means of techniques such as implanting steel bars 16, formwork support, and pouring concrete to form the aforementioned water-blocking structure 10. And the water-blocking structure 10 is provided with a crystalline self-healing waterproof material 103 and a waterstop belt 104, and the waterstop belt 104 is a CL bonding type waterstop belt.

[0081] The usage method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned first preferred embodiment, and the usage method of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 11 As shown, it shows the specific structure of the eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned second preferred embodiment. The difference is that:

[0083] The water-blocking structure 10 is a stainless steel profile water drainage member 18, and the stainless steel profile water drainage member 18 is fixed by anchor nails 19 and sealed with a bonding sealant 105.

[0084] The usage method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned second preferred embodiment, and the usage method of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0085] Please refer to Figure 12 As shown, it shows the specific structure of the ninth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned third preferred embodiment. The difference is that:

[0086] In this embodiment, the water-blocking structure 10 includes a foamed ceramic insulation board 106 and a mortar plaster layer 107. The foamed ceramic insulation board 106 is bonded and fixed to the outer surface of the main body of the existing building 30 by a cement-based polymer adhesive 108, and the foamed ceramic insulation board 106 is bound and fixed by a plurality of steel mesh belts 109. The plurality of steel mesh belts 109 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the foamed ceramic insulation board 106. The upper and lower ends of each steel mesh belt 109 are nailed to the main body of the existing building 30 by steel nails 110. The mortar plaster layer 107 is formed to cover the foamed ceramic insulation board 106. The outer edge of the bottom surface of the mortar plaster layer 107 is provided with a drip line 111. In addition, the water-blocking structure 10 is located on the outer wall edge beams 31 of each floor of the existing building 30. In addition, the steel mesh belt 109 is arranged at intervals of 300-600mm along the length direction of the foamed ceramic insulation board 106, and a drainage device 20 with a diameter of φ3-6mm is arranged at intervals of 30-50mm along the top and bottom of the foamed ceramic insulation board 106 (the drainage device 20 can be non-woven fabric, drainage holes or pipe roots, etc.).

[0087] The method of use of this embodiment is basically the same as the method of use of the aforementioned third preferred embodiment, and the method of use of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 13 As shown, it shows the specific structure of the tenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as the specific structure of the aforementioned ninth preferred embodiment, except that:

[0089] In this embodiment, an eagle beak structure 112 is provided on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the mortar plaster layer 107 .

[0090] The method of use of this embodiment is basically the same as the method of use of the aforementioned ninth preferred embodiment, and the method of use of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 14 As shown, it shows the specific structure of the eleventh preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as the specific structure of the ninth preferred embodiment mentioned above, and the difference is that:

[0092] The water blocking structure 10 is located on the masonry outer wall 34 of an existing building 30 .

[0093] The method of use of this embodiment is basically the same as the method of use of the aforementioned ninth preferred embodiment, and the method of use of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0094] Please refer to Figure 15As shown, it shows the specific structure of the twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned tenth preferred embodiment. The difference is that:

[0095] The water-blocking structure 10 is located on the masonry exterior wall 34 of the existing building 30.

[0096] The usage method of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the aforementioned tenth preferred embodiment, and the usage method of this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0097] The design focus of the present invention lies in: by setting up a water-blocking structure and a drainage device, using the water-blocking structure to block water, and cooperating with the drainage device to drain water, so that the water or water vapor entering the inner part of the outer wall outdoor surface structure layer can be discharged in time, avoiding the accumulation and diffusion of water inside the outer wall and exacerbating the weathering of the wall, delaying the decay rate of the performance materials of the wall and the structure layer, and achieving the purpose of effectively preventing the leakage diseases and deterioration decay phenomena of the outer wall. The structure of the present invention is simple and easy to construct, and is worthy of popularization and use.

[0098] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not impose any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls, characterized in that: It includes a water-blocking structure and a drainage device; the water-blocking structure is arranged on the outer side of the main body of an existing building, and the water-blocking structure is located on the outdoor surface of the outer wall side beams or window eaves lintels of each floor of the existing building; the drainage device is arranged on the top and bottom of the water-blocking structure, and the drainage device is connected between the inner and outer sides of the structural layer of the outdoor surface of the outer wall of the existing building.

2. The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water-blocking structure protrudes from the outdoor surface structural layer of the exterior wall by more than or equal to 10 mm. The top of the water-blocking structure is set to be a drainage slope that is higher inside and lower outside and slanted outward. The bottom of the water-blocking structure is set to be a drip line or eagle's beak structure that prevents outdoor water from flowing back into the outdoor surface structural layer of the exterior wall.

3. The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drainage device is a plurality of holes arranged along the top and bottom of the water-blocking structure, each hole is connected to the outside of the interior of the exterior surface structural layer of the exterior wall, and the distance between two adjacent holes is no more than 50 mm.

4. The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A water-permeable and breathable nonwoven fabric is arranged in the holes.

5. The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The exterior surface structural layer of the exterior wall is an exterior thermal insulation structural layer. When used to control water leakage of the exterior thermal insulation structural layer, the water barrier structure includes a ceramic foam profile, which is bonded and fixed to the concrete structural entity at the exterior wall side beams, window eaves lintels or roof guardrail tops of each floor of the existing building through a cement-based polymer adhesive, and a polymer anti-seepage and moisture-proof coating is arranged on the top of the ceramic foam profile.

6. The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls according to claim 5 is characterized in that: An L-shaped or T-shaped stainless steel profile support plate is anchored at intervals of 200 to 500 mm in the middle of the base surface of the concrete structure entity bonded with the ceramic foam profile. The stainless steel profile support plate protrudes outward and is parallel to the water-blocking structure. A groove is provided on the ceramic foam profile, and the stainless steel profile support plate is embedded in the groove and fixed.

7. The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The exterior surface structural layer of the exterior wall is an exterior stone curtain wall structural layer. When used to control water leakage in the exterior stone curtain wall structural layer, the reinforced concrete structure is reconstructed by anchoring steel bars, supporting formwork and pouring concrete technology to form the aforementioned water-blocking structure, and the water-blocking structure is provided with a transparent crystalline self-healing waterproof material and a waterstop.

8. The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water blocking structure is a stainless steel profile water blocking component, which is fixed by anchor nails and sealed by bonding sealant.

9. The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water-blocking structure includes a foamed ceramic insulation board and a mortar plaster layer. The foamed ceramic insulation board is bonded and fixed to the outer surface of the existing building body by a cement-based polymer adhesive, and the foamed ceramic insulation board is bound and fixed by a plurality of steel mesh belts. The plurality of steel mesh belts are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the foamed ceramic insulation board, and the upper and lower ends of each steel mesh belt are fixed to the existing building body by steel nails. The mortar plaster layer is formed to cover the foamed ceramic insulation board, and a drip line or an eagle's beak structure is provided on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the mortar plaster layer.

10. A method for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls, characterized in that: The structure for preventing and controlling leakage and deterioration of exterior walls as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: (1) Install a water-blocking structure at the corresponding position on the outer side of the main body of the existing building to block the open water; (2) Drainage devices are provided on the top and bottom of the water-blocking structure, and the drainage devices are connected between the inner and outer sides of the external wall surface structural layer of the existing building, and the water vapor entering the inner side of the external wall surface structural layer of the existing building is discharged by the drainage devices.

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