Supporting mechanism for deformation of surrounding rock of soft rock highway tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock supporting, in particular to a soft rock highway tunnel surrounding rock deformation supporting mechanism which comprises a platform and a safety top plate. The retractable bases are symmetrically arranged between the safety top plate and the platform, one end of each retractable base is slidably connected with the platform, and the inner side of the other end of each retractable base is slidably connected with a supporting frame connected with the safety top plate; the folding and unfolding locking unit is arranged on the inner side of the platform and connected with the folding and unfolding bases on the two sides; the elastic arch frame unit is arranged on the outer side of the top end of the safety top plate; a fall maintenance unit; wherein the elastic arch frame unit comprises an arch crown maintenance assembly, an independent regulation and control assembly and an automatic shielding assembly, by arranging the elastic arch frame unit, the equipment can be suitable for tunnels of different sizes, the fitting degree between the equipment and the tunnels is guaranteed, the supporting effect of the equipment on the tunnels is greatly improved, the supporting reliability is improved, and the supporting efficiency is improved. And when the tunnel collapses, a stable sheltering place can be provided for constructors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock support, and particularly to a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnels. Background Technique

[0002] With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in China, the quantity and scale of highway tunnel projects are expanding day by day. Among them, the tunnel construction in soft rock geological environments poses the greatest challenge. Due to the characteristics of soft rock such as low strength, large deformation, and strong rheology, serious surrounding rock deformation or even collapse is extremely likely to occur during the excavation process, seriously threatening the safety of tunnel construction and the structural stability, and posing extremely high requirements for tunnel support technologies.

[0003] Traditional tunnel support means have limitations in dealing with soft rock deformation problems. The fit between the support frame and the tunnel is not high. Poor fit will cause uneven stress on the support frame during the support process, resulting in bending deformation and reducing the support effect on the tunnel. Therefore, in view of the above current situation, there is an urgent need to develop a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnels to overcome the deficiencies in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnels to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel, comprising: a platform and a safety roof, the safety roof is arranged outside the top end of the platform; a retractable base, the retractable bases are symmetrically arranged between the safety roof and the platform, one end is slidably connected to the platform, and the inner side of the other end is slidably connected with a support frame connected to the safety roof, and an elevating motor is fixedly connected to the inner side, and the output end of the elevating motor is fixedly connected to a threaded rod threadedly connected to the inner side of the support frame, which is used to cooperate with the platform to support the safety roof and adjust the height of the safety roof; a retracting and unfolding locking unit, the retracting and unfolding locking unit is arranged inside the platform and is connected to the two retractable bases on both sides, which is used to cooperate with the platform to realize the synchronous lateral movement of the two retractable bases on both sides and complete the locking of the position of the platform; an elastic arch unit, the elastic arch unit is arranged outside the top end of the safety roof and is connected to the safety roof, which is used to cooperate with the adjusted safety roof to realize the adaptive support for the tunnel vault; a falling maintenance unit, the falling maintenance units are symmetrically arranged outside the bottom ends of the two safety roofs on both sides, one end is slidably connected to the support frame, and the other end is connected to the retractable base, which is used to cooperate with the platform to support and maintain the safety roof during falling; wherein, the elastic arch unit includes: a vault maintenance component, an independent control component and an automatic shielding component, the vault maintenance component is fixedly connected to the outside of the top end of the safety roof, and the vault maintenance component is connected to the independent control component arranged inside the safety roof, which is used to cooperate with the independent control component to realize the adaptive support for each surface of the vault, and an automatic shielding component is also fixedly connected to the vault maintenance component, which is used to cooperate with the unfolded vault maintenance component to shield the falling crushed stones outside the support surface.

[0006] As a further scheme of the present invention: the vault maintenance component includes: a sector seat, an independent control cavity, a retractable control pipe, a pressure reaction member and an arc-shaped support plate, the sector seat is fixedly connected to the outside of the top end of the safety roof, several independent control cavities connected to the independent control component are arranged inside the sector seat, and several retractable control pipes corresponding to the independent control cavities are fixedly connected to the shell wall on the side of the sector seat away from the safety roof, the retractable control pipe is connected to the independent control cavity, and a pressure reaction member is slidably connected to the inner side, and the other end of the pressure reaction member is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped support plate, which is used to cooperate with the air flowing inside the independent control cavity to realize the close contact between the arc-shaped support plate and the tunnel vault and complete the support for the tunnel vault.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: The independent regulation component includes: a regulation seat, a telescopic controller, a pressure regulation tube, a movable column, a directional guide block, a compression rod, a top push rod and a regulation piston. The regulation seat is arranged between the sector seat and the safety roof plate, and is slidably connected to the safety roof plate. A telescopic controller is fixedly connected between the regulation seat and the safety roof plate. Between the sector seat and the regulation seat, there are several pressure regulation tubes corresponding to the independent control cavities. The pressure regulation tubes are fixedly connected to the sector seat and are connected to the independent control cavities. Inside, there is a movable column. On the outer wall of the movable column, there is a directional sliding groove. Inside the directional sliding groove, there is a directional guide block slidably connected and fixedly connected to the pressure regulation tube. On the movable column, there is a regulation piston slidably connected to the pressure regulation tube. Inside the movable column, there is a compression rod slidably connected. Between the compression rod and the movable column, there is a spring fixedly connected. Between the compression rod and the regulation seat, there is a top push rod. One end of the top push rod is rotatably connected to the regulation seat, and the other end is rotatably connected to the compression rod, which is used to cooperate with the movement of the regulation seat to realize the flow of air inside each independent control cavity.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: The automatic shielding component includes: a mounting seat, a rotating rod, a fall prevention frame and a connecting prism. The mounting seat is fixedly connected to the outer side of one end of the arc-shaped support plate close to the sector seat. There is a fall prevention frame outside the mounting seat. The fall prevention frame is located between adjacent arc-shaped support plates. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the mounting seat. On both outer sides of the two ends of the rotating rod, there are connecting prisms fixedly connected. The other end of the connecting prism is slidably connected to the frame wall of the fall prevention frame. Between the connecting prism and the fall prevention frame, there is a spring fixedly connected, which is used to cooperate with the unfolded arc-shaped support plate to support the fall prevention frame and cooperate with the fall prevention frame to shield the gravel falling from outside the support surface.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: The retraction and extension locking unit includes: a retraction and extension controller, a control sliding seat, a push-pull rod, a synchronization rod and an induction locking and binding component. The retraction and extension controller is fixedly connected to the inside of the floor. The other end of the retraction and extension controller is fixedly connected to the control sliding seat. Between the control sliding seat and the retraction and extension bases on both sides, there are push-pull rods. One end of the push-pull rod is rotatably connected to the control sliding seat, and the other end is rotatably connected to the retraction and extension base, which is used to cooperate with the movement of the control sliding seat to realize the synchronous retraction and extension of the retraction and extension bases on both sides. On both sides of one end of the retraction and extension base close to the control sliding seat, there are synchronization rods fixedly connected. The other end of the synchronization rod is connected to the induction locking and binding component fixedly connected to the inside of the floor, which is used to cooperate with the movement of the retraction and extension base to drive the induction locking and binding component to complete the locking of the floor.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: The induction locking and binding assembly includes: a pressure delivery member, a locking and binding seat, a pressure delivery pipe, an inclined insertion pipe, a control piston, and a ground nail. The locking and binding seats are symmetrically arranged at both ends inside the platform, and are fixedly connected to the platform. A pressure delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the shell wall of the locking and binding seat. A pressure delivery member is slidably connected inside the pressure delivery pipe. The other end of the pressure delivery member is slidably connected to a synchronous rod. A spring is fixedly connected between the synchronous rod and the pressure delivery member for realizing the flow of air inside the locking and binding seat in cooperation with the movement of the synchronous rod. A plurality of inclined insertion pipes are fixedly connected to the bottom shell wall of the locking and binding seat. A control piston is slidably connected inside the inclined insertion pipe. A spring is fixedly connected between the control piston and the inclined insertion pipe. A ground nail is fixedly connected to the outer side of the other end of the control piston for realizing the locking of the platform in cooperation with the movement of the control piston.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: The fall maintenance unit includes: a fall maintenance plate, a connection seat, an induction sliding plate, a T-shaped sliding seat, and a limit guide rod. The fall maintenance plate is slidably connected to the outer side of the bottom end of the safety top plate. A T-shaped sliding seat is fixedly connected to the outer side of the top end of the fall maintenance plate. The T-shaped sliding seat is slidably connected to the wall of the support frame and is also slidably connected to the limit guide rod fixedly connected inside the support frame. A spring is fixedly connected between the T-shaped sliding seat and the support frame. An induction sliding plate is rotatably connected to the bottom shell wall of the T-shaped sliding seat. A connection seat is slidably connected to the outer side of the induction sliding plate. The other end of the connection seat is rotatably connected to the retracting and extending base for realizing the relative movement of the two fall maintenance plates during the falling of the safety top plate to complete the anti-fall and maintenance of the safety top plate.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: It further includes: a support and energy absorption unit. The support and energy absorption unit is arranged between the two retracting and extending bases, with one end fixedly connected to the platform and the other end fixedly connected to the safety top plate for supporting and absorbing energy of the falling safety top plate in cooperation with the platform; wherein, the support and energy absorption unit includes: a support column, a buffer plate, a buffer column, and an energy absorption groove. The support column is fixedly connected to the outer side of the top end of the platform. An energy absorption groove is arranged inside the support column. Damping liquid is arranged inside the energy absorption groove. A buffer plate is also slidably connected inside the energy absorption groove. A buffer column is fixedly connected between the buffer plate and the safety top plate. The buffer column is slidably connected to the top column wall of the support column. A buffer spring is fixedly connected between the other end of the buffer plate and the support column.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: When the device is running, the retraction and extension locking unit can, on the one hand, drive the retraction and extension bases on both sides to move in opposite directions. The retraction and extension bases are connected to the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel. On the other hand, the retraction and extension locking unit can also be inserted into the ground to complete the locking of the platform, thereby ensuring the stability of the equipment after installation. The lifting motor drives the threaded rod to rotate, and the threaded rod cooperates with the support frame to realize the lifting of the safety roof. The safety roof drives the vault maintenance component to lift synchronously. The independent control component can drive the vault maintenance component so that the vault maintenance component can adaptively support each surface of the vault to ensure the effectiveness of the support. At the same time, the automatic shielding component will be deployed synchronously with the vault maintenance component. The automatic shielding component can cooperate with the vault maintenance component to shield the gravel falling from outside the support surface to avoid personal injury accidents. When the tunnel collapses, it will cause the vault maintenance component to drive the safety roof to fall downward. During the downward movement of the safety roof, the support frame moves downward with the safety roof, thereby triggering the fall maintenance unit arranged inside the support frame and the retraction and extension base. The fall maintenance unit cooperates with the platform and the retraction and extension base to realize the support and maintenance of the safety roof during the fall and prevent the continuous fall of the safety roof, thus providing a stable shelter for the construction workers. By setting the elastic arch unit, cooperating with the retraction and extension locking unit and the fall maintenance unit, the equipment of the present application can be applicable to tunnels of different sizes, ensure the fit between the equipment and the tunnel, greatly improve the support effect of the equipment on the tunnel, facilitate the improvement of the reliability of the support, and can also provide a stable shelter for the construction workers when the tunnel collapses, thereby enhancing the safety of the equipment during use. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic arch unit in a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a sectional view of a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a vault maintenance component in a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of an independent control component in a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic shielding component in a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0020] Figure 7It is a schematic structural diagram of the expansion and locking unit in the surrounding rock deformation support mechanism of a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0021] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the induction locking component in the surrounding rock deformation support mechanism of a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0022] Figure 9 For Figure 8 The enlarged structural diagram at location A in

[0023] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the falling maintenance unit in the surrounding rock deformation support mechanism of a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0024] Figure 11 It is a cross-sectional view of the falling maintenance unit in the surrounding rock deformation support mechanism of a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0025] Figure 12 It is a schematic structural diagram of the supporting and energy-absorbing unit in the surrounding rock deformation support mechanism of a soft rock highway tunnel.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Floor; 2. Safety roof; 3. Supporting and energy-absorbing unit; 4. Retractable base; 5. Support frame; 6. Expansion and locking unit; 7. Lifting motor; 8. Threaded rod; 9. Elastic arch unit; 10. Arch top maintenance component; 11. Independent control component; 12. Automatic shielding component; 13. Sector seat; 14. Independent control cavity; 15. Retractable control pipe; 16. Pressure reaction part; 17. Arc-shaped support plate; 18. Elastic pad; 19. Control seat; 20. Telescopic controller; 21. Pressure control pipe; 22. Movable column; 23. Directional guide block; 24. Compression rod; 25. Top push rod; 26. Control piston; 27. Directional sliding groove; 28. Mounting seat; 29. Rotating rod; 30. Anti-falling frame; 31. Connecting prism; 32. Cross seat; 33. Retractable controller; 34. Control sliding seat; 35. Push-pull rod; 36. Synchronous rod; 37. Induction locking component; 38. Pressure transmission part; 39. Locking seat; 40. Pressure transmission pipe; 41. Inclined insertion pipe; 42. Control piston; 43. Ground nail; 44. Falling maintenance plate; 45. Connecting seat; 46. Induction sliding plate; 47. T-shaped sliding seat; 48. Limit guide rod; 49. Supporting column; 50. Buffer plate; 51. Buffer column; 52. Energy-absorbing groove; 53. Falling maintenance unit. Specific embodiments

[0027] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0028] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in an embodiment of the present invention, a surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel includes: a platform 1 and a safety roof 2, the safety roof 2 is arranged outside the top end of the platform 1; a retractable base 4, the retractable bases 4 are symmetrically arranged between the safety roof 2 and the platform 1, one end is slidably connected to the platform 1, and the inner side of the other end is slidably connected with a support frame 5 connected to the safety roof 2, and an elevating motor 7 is fixedly connected to the inner side, and the output end of the elevating motor 7 is fixedly connected to a threaded rod 8 threadedly connected to the inner side of the support frame 5, which is used to cooperate with the platform 1 to support the safety roof 2 and adjust the height of the safety roof 2; a retraction and extension locking unit 6, the retraction and extension locking unit 6 is arranged inside the platform 1 and connected to the two retractable bases 4 on both sides, which is used to cooperate with the platform 1 to realize the synchronous lateral movement of the two retractable bases 4 on both sides and complete the locking of the position of the platform 1; an elastic arch unit 9, the elastic arch unit 9 is arranged outside the top end of the safety roof 2 and connected to the safety roof 2, which is used to cooperate with the adjusted safety roof 2 to realize the adaptive support for the tunnel vault; a falling maintenance unit 53, the falling maintenance units 53 are symmetrically arranged outside the bottom ends of the two safety roofs 2, one end is slidably connected to the support frame 5, and the other end is connected to the retractable base 4, which is used to cooperate with the platform 1 to support and maintain the safety roof 2 during falling; wherein, the elastic arch unit 9 includes: a vault maintenance component 10, an independent control component 11 and an automatic shielding component 12, the vault maintenance component 10 is fixedly connected to the outside of the top end of the safety roof 2, and the vault maintenance component 10 is connected to the independent control component 11 arranged inside the safety roof 2, which is used to cooperate with the independent control component 11 to realize the adaptive support for each surface of the vault, and an automatic shielding component 12 is also fixedly connected to the vault maintenance component 10, which is used to cooperate with the unfolded vault maintenance component 10 to shield the falling gravel outside the support surface.

[0030] In this embodiment, the lifting motor 7 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the retractable base 4. The output end of the lifting motor 7 is fixedly connected to the threaded rod 8. The threaded rod 8 is threadedly connected to the support frame 5. The support frame 5 is also slidably connected to the safety top plate 2. When the device operates, on the one hand, the retraction and extension locking unit 6 can drive the retractable bases 4 on both sides to move in opposite directions. The retractable bases 4 are connected to the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel. On the other hand, the retraction and extension locking unit 6 can also be inserted into the ground to complete the locking of the platform 1, thereby ensuring the stability of the equipment after installation. The lifting motor 7 drives the threaded rod 8 to rotate. The threaded rod 8 cooperates with the support frame 5 to realize the lifting of the safety top plate 2. The safety top plate 2 drives the vault maintenance component 10 to lift synchronously. The independent control component 11 can drive the vault maintenance component 10 so that the vault maintenance component 10 can adaptively support each surface of the vault to ensure the effectiveness of the support. At the same time, the automatic shielding component 12 will be deployed synchronously with the vault maintenance component 10. The automatic shielding component 12 can cooperate with the vault maintenance component 10 to shield the gravel falling from outside the support surface to avoid personal injury accidents. When the tunnel collapses, it will cause the vault maintenance component 10 to drive the safety top plate 2 to fall downward. During the downward movement of the safety top plate 2, the support frame 5 moves downward with the safety top plate 2, thereby triggering the fall maintenance unit 53 provided inside the support frame 5 and the retractable base 4. The fall maintenance unit 53 cooperates with the platform 1 and the retractable base 4 to realize the support and maintenance of the safety top plate 2 during the fall, avoiding the continuous fall of the safety top plate 2, thereby providing a stable shelter for the construction workers. By setting the elastic arch frame unit 9, cooperating with the retraction and extension locking unit 6 and the fall maintenance unit 53, the equipment of the present application can be applied to tunnels of different sizes, ensure the fit between the equipment and the tunnel, greatly improve the support effect of the equipment on the tunnel, facilitate the improvement of the reliability of the support, and can also provide a stable shelter for the construction workers when the tunnel collapses, thereby improving the safety of the equipment during use.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the vault maintenance component 10 includes: a sector seat 13, an independent control cavity 14, a retraction and extension control tube 15, a pressure reaction member 16, and an arc-shaped support plate 17. The sector seat 13 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the top end of the safety top plate 2. A number of independent control cavities 14 connected to the independent control component 11 are arranged inside the sector seat 13. A number of retraction and extension control tubes 15 corresponding to the independent control cavities 14 are fixedly connected to the shell wall on the side of the sector seat 13 away from the safety top plate 2. The retraction and extension control tubes 15 are connected to the independent control cavities 14. A pressure reaction member 16 is slidably connected inside. The other end of the pressure reaction member 16 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped support plate 17, which is used to cooperate with the air flowing inside the independent control cavity 14 to realize the close contact between the arc-shaped support plate 17 and the tunnel vault, and complete the support of the tunnel vault.

[0032] In this embodiment, the pressure reaction member 16 includes a first piston slidably connected to the inner side of the retractable control pipe 15 and a first push rod fixedly connected to the first piston. The other end of the first push rod is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped support plate 17. Among them, an elastic pad 18 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the arc-shaped support plate 17 on the side away from the first push rod. The elastic pad 18 is made of rubber material. In addition, each independent control chamber 14 is connected to a plurality of retractable control pipes 15. The independent control component 11 can drive the air inside the independent control chamber 14 into the inner side of the retractable control pipe 15 to realize the movement of the first piston inside the retractable control pipe 15. The first piston cooperates with the first push rod to drive the arc-shaped support plate 17 to move, and the arc-shaped support plate 17 is in close contact with the tunnel vault to complete the support of the tunnel vault. By setting the vault maintenance component 10, it can cooperate with the independent control component 11 to make each arc-shaped support plate 17 keep stable contact with the tunnel vault, greatly improving the support effect of the equipment on the tunnel and being beneficial to improving the support reliability.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 5 , the independent control component 11 includes: a control seat 19, a telescopic controller 20, a pressure control pipe 21, a movable column 22, a directional guide block 23, a compression rod 24, a top push rod 25 and a control piston 26. The control seat 19 is arranged between the sector seat 13 and the safety roof 2 and is slidably connected to the safety roof 2. A telescopic controller 20 is fixedly connected between the control seat 19 and the safety roof 2. A number of pressure control pipes 21 corresponding to the independent control chambers 14 are arranged between the sector seat 13 and the control seat 19. The pressure control pipe 21 is fixedly connected to the sector seat 13 and is connected to the independent control chamber 14. A movable column 22 is arranged inside. A directional chute 27 is arranged on the outer wall of the movable column 22, and a directional guide block 23 fixedly connected to the pressure control pipe 21 is slidably connected inside the directional chute 27. A control piston 26 slidably connected to the pressure control pipe 21 is fixedly connected to the movable column 22. A compression rod 24 is slidably connected inside the movable column 22. A spring is fixedly connected between the compression rod 24 and the movable column 22. A top push rod 25 is arranged between the compression rod 24 and the control seat 19. One end of the top push rod 25 is rotatably connected to the control seat 19, and the other end is rotatably connected to the compression rod 24, which is used to cooperate with the movement of the control seat 19 to realize the flow of air inside each independent control chamber 14.

[0034] In this embodiment, the control base 19 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the top of the safety roof plate 2 and extends to the inner side of the safety roof plate 2. The telescopic controller 20 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the safety roof plate 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to the control base 19. The telescopic controller 20 is an electric telescopic rod. The telescopic controller 20 drives the control base 19 to move. The control base 19 drives the movable column 22 to move along the directional guide block 23 through the top push rod 25 and the compression rod 24. The movable column 22 drives the control piston 26 to move inside the pressure control pipe 21, driving the air inside the pressure control pipe 21 to enter the independent control cavity 14, thereby completing the drive of the arc support plate 17. When some of the arc support plates 17 complete the support, by compressing the spring between the movable column 22 and the compression rod 24, the remaining arc support plates 17 can be driven, so that each arc support plate 17 can be kept in close contact with the inner wall of the tunnel, thus ensuring the effectiveness of the support. By setting the independent control assembly 11, each arc support plate 17 can be stably driven, so that each arc support plate 17 can be kept in close contact with the inner wall of the tunnel, greatly enhancing the support effect of the equipment on the tunnel and facilitating the improvement of the reliability of the support.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 , the automatic shielding assembly 12 includes: a mounting seat 28, a rotating rod 29, a falling prevention frame 30 and a connecting prism 31. The mounting seat 28 is fixedly connected to the outer side of one end of the arc support plate 17 close to the sector seat 13. A falling prevention frame 30 is arranged on the outer side of the mounting seat 28. The falling prevention frame 30 is located between adjacent arc support plates 17. A rotating rod 29 is rotatably connected to the mounting seat 28. Connecting prisms 31 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of both ends of the rotating rod 29. The other ends of the connecting prisms 31 are slidably connected to the frame wall of the falling prevention frame 30. A spring is fixedly connected between the connecting prism 31 and the falling prevention frame 30, which is used to cooperate with the unfolded arc support plate 17 to support the falling prevention frame 30 and cooperate with the falling prevention frame 30 to shield the gravel falling from outside the support surface.

[0036] In this embodiment, the falling prevention frame 30 is arranged between the arc support plate 17 and the sector seat 13. The arc support plate 17 can complete the support of the falling prevention frame 30 in cooperation with the mounting seat 28, the rotating rod 29 and the connecting prism 31. After the arc support plate 17 is unfolded, the spring arranged between the connecting prism 31 and the falling prevention frame 30 enables the falling prevention frame 30 to be stably located between the two arc support plates 17. After the arc support plate 17 completes the support of the tunnel vault, the falling prevention frame 30 can shield the gravel falling from outside the support surface to avoid injuring the passing personnel. By setting the automatic shielding assembly 12, it can cooperate with the vault maintenance assembly 10 to shield the mud and stones falling during the tunnel construction process, thereby buffering the mud and stones to avoid injuring the passing personnel, greatly improving the safety during construction.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 7 , the retractable locking unit 6 includes: a retractable controller 33, a control slide 34, a push-pull rod 35, a synchronizing rod 36, and an induction locking assembly 37. The retractable controller 33 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the platform 1. The other end of the retractable controller 33 is fixedly connected to the control slide 34. Push-pull rods 35 are provided between the control slide 34 and the retractable bases 4 on both sides. One end of the push-pull rod 35 is rotatably connected to the control slide 34, and the other end is rotatably connected to the retractable base 4, and is used to cooperate with the movement of the control slide 34 to realize the synchronous retraction and extension of the retractable bases 4 on both sides. On both sides of one end of the retractable base 4 close to the control slide 34, synchronizing rods 36 are fixedly connected. The other end of the synchronizing rod 36 is connected to the induction locking assembly 37 fixedly connected to the inner side of the platform 1, and is used to cooperate with the movement of the retractable base 4 to drive the induction locking assembly 37 to complete the locking of the platform 1.

[0038] In this embodiment, the retractable controller 33 is an electric telescopic rod. The retractable controller 33 drives the control slide 34 to move. The control slide 34 drives the retractable bases 4 on both sides to move in opposite directions through the push-pull rods 35. Among them, a cross base 32 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom end of the retractable base 4. The cross base 32 is slidably connected to the cross groove provided on the wall of the platform 1, ensuring the stability of the retractable base 4 during movement. During the movement of the retractable base 4, the synchronizing rod 36 will be driven to move synchronously. The synchronizing rod 36 can drive the induction locking assembly 37 to complete the locking of the platform 1. By setting the retractable locking unit 6, the synchronous retraction and extension of the retractable bases 4 on both sides can be realized, so that the retractable bases 4 on both sides can be stably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel, thereby improving the applicability of the equipment. Multiple fixations of the platform 1 can also be completed during the adjustment process, ensuring the stability of the platform 1 after installation, and further improving the reliability and stability of the equipment during support.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9, the induction locking and binding assembly 37 includes: a pressure transmission member 38, a locking and binding base 39, a pressure transmission pipe 40, an inclined insertion pipe 41, a control piston 42, and a ground nail 43. The locking and binding bases 39 are symmetrically arranged at both inner ends of the platform 1, and the locking and binding bases 39 are fixedly connected to the platform 1. A pressure transmission pipe 40 is fixedly connected to the shell wall of the locking and binding base 39. A pressure transmission member 38 is slidably connected inside the pressure transmission pipe 40. The other end of the pressure transmission member 38 is slidably connected to the synchronizing rod 36. A spring is fixedly connected between the synchronizing rod 36 and the pressure transmission member 38 to cooperate with the movement of the synchronizing rod 36 to realize the flow of air inside the locking and binding base 39. A plurality of inclined insertion pipes 41 are fixedly connected to the bottom shell wall of the locking and binding base 39. A control piston 42 is slidably connected inside the inclined insertion pipe 41. A spring is fixedly connected between the control piston 42 and the inclined insertion pipe 41. The other end of the control piston 42 is fixedly connected with a ground nail 43 on the outside to cooperate with the movement of the control piston 42 to realize the locking of the platform 1.

[0040] In this embodiment, the pressure transmission member 38 includes a second piston slidably connected inside the pressure transmission pipe 40 and a second push rod fixedly connected to the second piston. The other end of the second push rod is slidably connected to the synchronizing rod 36. A spring is slidably connected between the second push rod and the synchronizing rod 36. During the movement of the retractable base 4, the second piston is driven to move inside the pressure transmission pipe 40 by the synchronizing rod 36 cooperating with the second push rod, driving the air inside the locking and binding base 39 to enter the inclined insertion pipe 41, realizing the movement of the control piston 42 inside the inclined insertion pipe 41. The control piston 42 drives the ground nail 43 to insert into the ground, completing the locking of the platform 1. By setting the induction locking and binding assembly 37, the retraction and extension of the retractable base 4 can be completed during the fixation of the platform 1, which not only completes the fixation of the equipment but also ensures the comprehensiveness of the support.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 , the fall maintenance unit 53 includes: a fall maintenance plate 44, a connection seat 45, an induction sliding plate 46, a T-shaped sliding seat 47, and a limit guide rod 48. The fall maintenance plate 44 is slidably connected to the outside of the bottom end of the safety top plate 2. A T-shaped sliding seat 47 is fixedly connected to the outside of the top end of the fall maintenance plate 44. The T-shaped sliding seat 47 is slidably connected to the wall of the support frame 5 and is also slidably connected to the limit guide rod 48 fixedly connected inside the support frame 5. A spring is fixedly connected between the T-shaped sliding seat 47 and the support frame 5. An induction sliding plate 46 is rotatably connected to the bottom shell wall of the T-shaped sliding seat 47. The induction sliding plate 46 is slidably connected to the outside of the connection seat 45. The other end of the connection seat 45 is rotatably connected to the retractable base 4 to cooperate with the falling safety top plate 2 to realize the relative movement of the two fall maintenance plates 44, completing the anti-fall and maintenance of the safety top plate 2.

[0042] In this embodiment, the induction skateboard 46 is slidably connected to the connecting seat 45. When the support frame 5 moves upward, the induction skateboard 46 will move upward together with the support frame 5. When the safety top plate 2 moves downward, the support frame 5 moves downward together with the safety top plate 2, and the support frame 5 drives the induction skateboard 46 to move downward. The bottom end of the induction skateboard 46 abuts against the connecting seat 45. As the support frame 5 continues to move downward, in cooperation with the connecting seat 45, the T-shaped sliding seat 47 is driven to move along the limit guide rod 48, and the two falling maintenance plates 44 move relative to each other. When the opposite ends of the two falling maintenance plates 44 abut against each other, they remain stationary under the mutual acting force, thereby supporting the safety top plate 2 and realizing the anti-falling operation of the safety top plate 2. By setting the falling maintenance unit 53, a stable shelter can be provided for construction workers when the tunnel collapses, thereby improving the safety of the equipment during use.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 12 , and further includes: a supporting and energy-absorbing unit 3, the supporting and energy-absorbing unit 3 is arranged between the two side retracting and extending bases 4, one end is fixedly connected to the platform 1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the safety top plate 2, and is used to cooperate with the platform 1 to support and absorb energy from the safety top plate 2 during a fall; wherein, the supporting and energy-absorbing unit 3 includes: a supporting column 49, a buffer plate 50, a buffer column 51 and an energy-absorbing groove 52. The supporting column 49 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the top end of the platform 1. An energy-absorbing groove 52 is arranged inside the supporting column 49. A damping liquid is arranged inside the energy-absorbing groove 52. A buffer plate 50 is also slidably connected inside the energy-absorbing groove 52. A buffer column 51 is fixedly connected between the buffer plate 50 and the safety top plate 2. The buffer column 51 is slidably connected to the top wall of the supporting column 49. The other end of the buffer plate 50 is fixedly connected to the supporting column 49 with a buffer spring.

[0044] In this embodiment, the buffer column 51 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom end of the safety top plate 2, and after the two falling maintenance plates 44 are docked, the buffer column 51 can be wrapped to ensure the stability of the connection between the buffer column 51 and the safety top plate 2. By setting the supporting and energy-absorbing unit 3, when the safety top plate 2 falls, the safety top plate 2 will drive the buffer column 51 to move downward together. The buffer column 51 drives the buffer plate 50 to move inside the energy-absorbing groove 52. In cooperation with the damping liquid arranged inside the energy-absorbing groove 52 and the buffer spring arranged between the buffer plate 50 and the supporting column 49, the impact force generated during the fall can be absorbed, the falling speed can be slowed down, and in cooperation with the falling maintenance unit 53, a stable shelter can be provided for construction workers after the tunnel collapses, which can not only improve the safety of construction workers in the tunnel, but also protect the instruments in the tunnel.

[0045] The surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for the soft rock highway tunnel, by setting the elastic arch frame unit 9, cooperating with the expansion and contraction locking unit 6 and the fall maintenance unit 53, enables the equipment to be applicable to tunnels of different sizes, ensures the fitting degree between the equipment and the tunnel, greatly improves the support effect of the equipment on the tunnel, is conducive to improving the reliability of the support. By setting the vault maintenance component 10, it can cooperate with the independent control component 11 to make each arc-shaped support plate 17 maintain stable contact with the tunnel vault, greatly improves the support effect of the equipment on the tunnel, and is conducive to improving the support reliability. By setting the independent control component 11, it can stably drive each arc-shaped support plate 17, so that each arc-shaped support plate 17 can be in close contact with the inner wall of the tunnel, greatly improves the support effect of the equipment on the tunnel, and is conducive to improving the reliability of the support. By setting the automatic shielding component 12, it can cooperate with the vault maintenance component 10 to shield the mud and stones falling during the tunnel construction process, thereby buffering the mud and stones to avoid injuring passing personnel, greatly improving the safety during construction. By setting the expansion and contraction locking unit 6, it can realize the synchronous expansion and contraction of the two side retractable bases 4, so that the two side retractable bases 4 can be stably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the tunnel, thereby improving the applicability of the equipment. It can also complete multiple fixations of the platform 1 during the adjustment process, ensuring the stability of the platform 1 after installation, and further improving the reliability and stability of the equipment during support. By setting the fall maintenance unit 53, it can provide a stable shelter for construction workers when the tunnel collapses, thereby improving the safety of the equipment during use.

[0046] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.

Claims

1. A surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for a soft rock highway tunnel, characterized in that: include: A floor platform and a safety top plate, wherein the safety top plate is arranged outside the top of the floor platform; A retractable base, wherein the retractable base is symmetrically arranged between the safety top plate and the platform, one end of the retractable base is slidably connected to the platform, and the other end is slidably connected to a support frame connected to the safety top plate, and a lifting motor is fixedly connected to the inside, and the output end of the lifting motor is fixedly connected to a threaded rod threadedly arranged on the inside of the support frame, so as to cooperate with the platform to support the safety top plate and adjust the height of the safety top plate; A retractable locking unit, which is arranged on the inner side of the platform and connected to the retractable bases on both sides, and is used to cooperate with the platform to achieve synchronous lateral movement of the retractable bases on both sides and complete the locking of the platform position; An elastic arch frame unit, which is arranged on the outer side of the top of the safety roof and connected to the safety roof, and is used to cooperate with the adjusted safety roof to realize adaptive support of the tunnel arch; A fall maintenance unit, which is symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of the bottom ends of the safety top plates on both sides, one end of which is slidably connected to the support frame, and the other end is connected to the retractable base, and is used to cooperate with the platform to support and maintain the safety top plate during the fall; Among them, the elastic arch frame unit includes: an arch maintenance component, an independent control component and an automatic shielding component. The arch maintenance component is fixedly connected and arranged on the outside of the top of the safety roof. The arch maintenance component is connected to the independent control component arranged on the inside of the safety roof, and is used to cooperate with the independent control component to achieve adaptive support for each surface of the arch. The arch maintenance component is also fixedly connected with an automatic shielding component, which is used to cooperate with the unfolded arch maintenance component to achieve shielding of debris falling outside the support surface.

2. The surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The arch maintenance component includes: a fan-shaped seat, an independent control chamber, a retractable and extendable control tube, a pressure reaction piece and an arc-shaped support plate. The fan-shaped seat is fixedly connected to the outside of the top of the safety roof, and a plurality of independent control chambers connected to the independent adjustment components are arranged on the inner side of the fan-shaped seat. A plurality of retractable and extendable control tubes corresponding to the independent control chambers are fixedly connected on the shell wall of the fan-shaped seat away from the safety roof. The retractable and extendable control tubes are connected to the independent control chambers, and a pressure reaction piece is slidingly connected on the inner side. The other end of the pressure reaction piece is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped support plate, and is used to cooperate with the air flowing inside the independent control chamber to achieve close contact between the arc-shaped support plate and the tunnel arch, thereby completing the support of the tunnel arch.

3. The surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The independent regulating component comprises: a regulating seat, a telescopic controller, a pressure regulating tube, a movable column, a directional guide block, a compression rod, a push rod and a regulating piston. The regulating seat is arranged between the fan-shaped seat and the safety top plate, and is slidably connected with the safety top plate. A telescopic controller is fixedly connected between the regulating seat and the safety top plate, and a plurality of pressure regulating tubes corresponding to the independent control chambers are arranged between the fan-shaped seat and the regulating seat. The pressure regulating tube is fixedly connected to the fan-shaped seat and is connected with the independent control chamber. A movable column is arranged on the inner side, and a directional slide groove is arranged on the outer wall of the movable column. A directional guide block fixedly connected to the pressure regulating tube is slidably connected inside the directional slide groove. A regulating piston slidably connected to the pressure regulating tube is fixedly connected on the movable column. A compression rod is slidably connected inside the movable column. A spring is fixedly connected between the compression rod and the movable column. A push rod is arranged between the compression rod and the regulating seat, and one end of the push rod is rotatably connected to the regulating seat, and the other end is rotatably connected to the compression rod, so as to cooperate with the movement of the regulating seat to realize the flow of air inside each independent control chamber.

4. The surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The automatic shielding component includes: a mounting seat, a rotating rod, an anti-fall frame and a connecting prism. The mounting seat is fixedly connected to the outer side of one end of the arc-shaped support plate close to the fan-shaped seat, and an anti-fall frame is arranged on the outer side of the mounting seat. The anti-fall frame is located between adjacent arc-shaped support plates. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the mounting seat, and connecting prisms are fixedly connected to the outer sides of both ends of the rotating rod. The other end of the connecting prism is slidably connected to the frame wall of the anti-fall frame, and a spring is fixedly connected between the connecting prism and the anti-fall frame, which is used to cooperate with the unfolded arc-shaped support plate to support the anti-fall frame and cooperate with the anti-fall frame to shield gravel falling from the supporting surface.

5. The surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The retractable and extended locking unit includes: a retractable and extendable controller, a control slide, a push-pull rod, a synchronization rod and an induction locking assembly. The retractable and extendable controller is fixedly connected to the inner side of the platform, and the other end of the retractable and extendable controller is fixedly connected to the control slide. Push-pull rods are arranged between the control slide and the retractable and extendable bases on both sides. One end of the push-pull rod is rotatably connected to the control slide, and the other end is rotatably connected to the retractable and extendable bases on both sides, and is used to cooperate with the movement of the control slide to realize the synchronous retraction and extension of the retractable and extendable bases on both sides. Synchronization rods are fixedly connected on both sides of the retractable and extendable bases near one end of the control slide, and the other end of the synchronization rod is connected to the induction locking assembly fixedly connected to the inner side of the platform, and is used to cooperate with the movement of the retractable and extendable base to realize the driving of the induction locking assembly and complete the locking of the platform.

6. The surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnel according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The induction locking assembly includes: a pressure delivery member, a locking seat, a pressure delivery pipe, an oblique insert, a control piston and a ground nail. The locking seat is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the inner side of the platform. The locking seat is fixedly connected to the platform. A pressure delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the shell wall of the locking seat. A pressure delivery member is slidably connected to the inner side of the pressure delivery pipe. The other end of the pressure delivery member is slidably connected to a synchronization rod. A spring is fixedly connected between the synchronization rod and the pressure delivery member to cooperate with the movement of the synchronization rod to achieve the flow of air inside the locking seat. A plurality of oblique inserts are fixedly connected to the shell wall at the bottom end of the locking seat. A control piston is slidably connected to the inner side of the oblique insert, a spring is fixedly connected between the control piston and the oblique insert, and a ground nail is fixedly connected to the outer side of the other end of the control piston to cooperate with the movement of the control piston to achieve locking of the platform.

7. The surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fall maintenance unit includes: a fall maintenance plate, a connecting seat, an induction slide plate, a T-slide seat and a limiting guide rod. The fall maintenance plate is slidably connected and arranged on the outer side of the bottom end of the safety top plate, and a T-slide seat is fixedly connected and arranged on the outer side of the top end of the fall maintenance plate. The T-slide seat is slidably connected to the wall of the support frame, and is slidably connected to the limiting guide rod fixedly connected and arranged on the inner side of the support frame. A spring is fixedly connected between the T-slide seat and the support frame, and an induction slide plate is rotatably connected to the shell wall of the bottom end of the T-slide seat. A connecting seat is slidably connected to the outer side of the induction slide plate, and the other end of the connecting seat is rotatably connected to the retracting base, which is used to cooperate with the falling safety top plate to realize the relative movement of the fall maintenance plates on both sides, thereby completing the stopping and maintenance of the safety top plate.

8. The surrounding rock deformation support mechanism for soft rock highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A support and energy-absorbing unit, wherein the support and energy-absorbing unit is arranged between the retractable bases on both sides, one end of which is fixedly connected to the platform, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the safety top plate, and is used to cooperate with the platform to realize the support and energy absorption of the safety top plate during the fall; wherein, the support and energy-absorbing unit comprises: a support column, a buffer plate, a buffer column and an energy-absorbing groove, wherein the support column is fixedly connected to the outer side of the top end of the platform, an energy-absorbing groove is arranged on the inner side of the support column, a damping fluid is arranged on the inner side of the energy-absorbing groove, a buffer plate is also slidably connected to the inner side of the energy-absorbing groove, a buffer column is fixedly connected between the buffer plate and the safety top plate, the buffer column is slidably connected to the column wall at the top end of the support column, and a buffer spring is fixedly connected between the other end of the buffer plate and the support column.

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