Arid and semi-arid region calcium layer soil undisturbed sample collecting and manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention discloses an arid and semi-arid region calcium layer soil undisturbed specimen collecting and manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps of specimen collecting and specimen manufacturing, and specimen manufacturing comprises the steps of airing before manufacturing, soil preparation and joint filling, specimen drilling, specimen glue spraying, specimen airing, bottom plate bonding and airing, fine carving and glue spraying and shaping. Due to the fact that the calcium layer soil in the arid and semi-arid areas is firm in structure, soil columns are firstly wetted with water and then repaired in the field, large-block falling caused by dryness and firmness is avoided, after cracks are filled with generation layer soil collected in the field indoors, the surface layer is wetted with water by about 1 cm, then drilling is conducted, and large-block cracking caused by too dryness is prevented. According to the invention, the continuity of the original soil sample can be ensured by filling the soil in the large seam, and the compactness of the sample can be ensured without influencing the continuity by filling the paper in the small seam; the fixity of the soil undisturbed specimen can be ensured by multiple times of glue spraying and airing and back drilling glue spraying; the device has continuity, integrality and aesthetic property of the undisturbed sample of the calcium layer soil, and is not easy to slide and fall off.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of collecting and making original soil specimens, and in particular relates to a method for collecting and making original specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas. Background Art

[0002] The main soil type in arid and semi-arid areas is calcareous soil. Due to its high calcium carbonate content, calcareous soil has unique physical and chemical properties, such as hard texture, compact structure and strong anti-erosion ability. These characteristics make calcareous soil an important material for studying soil moisture, soil chemical processes and vegetation ecological adaptability. Original specimens refer to samples that try to keep the natural state of the soil during the collection process. For calcareous soil, original specimens can truly reflect its spatial structure, particle arrangement and water distribution characteristics, which is crucial for scientific research. However, due to the hard texture and compact structure of calcareous soil, its original structure is easily destroyed during the collection and production process, resulting in distortion or deviation of the profile structure characteristics.

[0003] The special properties of calcareous soils bring the following challenges to specimen collection and preparation: (1) Hard texture: Calcite soil is usually formed through long-term weathering and sedimentation. Its texture is extremely hard and it is difficult to cut or drill effectively with traditional tools.

[0004] (2) Tight structure: The particles of calcareous soil have strong bonding forces and are easily broken or deformed during the collection process, making it difficult to maintain the original structure.

[0005] Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop a scientific and systematic method for collecting and preparing undisturbed specimens of calcareous soil. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting and making undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas, so as to solve the problems of poor continuity, poor integrity and easy falling off of specimens caused by the inherent properties of the calcic soil during the collection process of undisturbed specimens.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for collecting and preparing undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas, comprising the following steps: S1: Specimen Collection S11: digging profile pits at sampling sites; S12: Use the wooden frame of the specimen box to separate the soil column and put it into the specimen box; S2: Specimen Preparation S21: drying the rear end surface of the soil column before making, filling the soil, drilling holes, spraying glue and leveling with yellow sand in sequence; S22: Use burlap to level, put on the base plate and clamps, and dry again; S23: Refine and spray glue for shaping again to obtain the undisturbed specimen of calcareous soil layer.

[0008] Preferably, in step S11, the width of the profile pit is 1 - 1.5 m, the length is 1.5 - 3 m, and the depth is 1.2 - 1.5 m.

[0009] Preferably, in step S12, the specific process of separating and taking out the soil column is as follows: Use a flat shovel to repair the wall of the profile pit to make it flat and straight, then use the wooden frame of the specimen box to grind out indentations on the wall and repeatedly tidy up; Use a soil sampling knife to cut off the excess soil outside the indentations ground on the wall of the pit, trim out a cuboid soil column that is the same as the inner diameter of the wooden frame and protrudes, and repeatedly polish and trim the side surface of the soil column; Put the wooden frame on the soil column, spray water on the front end surface of the soil column, trim the front end surface of the soil column to be flush with the front end of the wooden frame, cover the front cover and fix it to the wooden frame, then cut the rear end surface of the soil column to separate the rear end surface of the soil column from the soil, gently tilt the soil column backward and remove it from the pit, spray water on the rear end surface of the soil column, trim the rear end surface of the soil column to be flush with the rear end of the wooden frame, cover the rear cover and fix it to the wooden frame, and put the whole soil column into the specimen box.

[0010] Preferably, in step S21, the pre - drying is to open the rear cover of the specimen box collected in the field to expose the rear end surface of the soil column, and fully dry it in a natural ventilation environment at a temperature of 22 - 25 °C.

[0011] Preferably, in step S21, the soil filling and gap filling is to fill the large gaps with soil and the small gaps with paper in sequence until the surface is flat; the soil used for filling the large gaps is the soil taken out when excavating the profile pit or the soils of each layer collected again.

[0012] Preferably, in step S21, spray water on the rear end surface of the soil column before drilling, and the drilling is to drill holes at a 45 - degree inclination using a drill bit with a diameter of 1.2 mm. The drilling is 1.5 cm away from the specimen perimeter, the hole depth is 2 - 3 cm, and the interval between adjacent drill holes is 10 mm, finally forming neatly arranged small holes.

[0013] Preferably, in step S21, the glue spraying is to evenly spray the glue solution on the rear end surface of the soil column multiple times; the glue solution is a binder and water in a volume ratio of 1:6; the glue spraying amount for each specimen is 5 - 10 L, and it is sprayed at least three times.

[0014] Preferably, in step S21, leveling with yellow sand is to level with yellow sand plus binder and dry for 15 days; the yellow sand is river sand or stream sand.

[0015] Preferably, in step S22, the specific steps are as follows: Use a scraper to remove the floating sand on the rear end surface of the soil column, and then sweep it with a brush; Cut the linen cloth so that its size is the same as that of the bottom plate; Apply glue, and make sure the adhesive is evenly distributed; Lay the linen cloth, and apply the adhesive to the linen cloth sufficiently without air pockets; Level it, and pad an additional layer of linen cloth at uneven places; Fix the specimen on the bottom plate. Place small wooden blocks on the bottom plate, then apply the clamp. The bottom plate and the linen cloth are of the same size. After applying the clamp, let it dry for 20 days.

[0016] Preferably, in step S23, the specific steps are as follows: Remove the clamp, turn over the specimen box, place the bottom plate on a flat surface, remove the wooden frame and the front cover, take out the soil column specimen, cut it into an appropriate size, gently tap the fiberboard with a wooden hammer so that the soil that has not been soaked by the adhesive falls off due to the vibration, and gently trim the soil structure surface with a small knife or a small needle; Place the trimmed soil column specimen obliquely on the wall, and evenly spray the diluted adhesive on the surface of the trimmed soil column specimen with a sprayer, and then air dry it indoors.

[0017] The present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for collecting and making undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid regions, and has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention uses the wooden box thin-layer method to collect and make specimens, so that the natural state of the soil can be maximally maintained during transportation. This method is not only applicable to calcic soil, but also suitable for other soil types with hard texture or complex structure, and has strong versatility and adaptability.

[0018] (2) The present invention uses large seams to fill soil to ensure the continuity of the undisturbed soil specimen, and small seams to fill paper to ensure the compactness of the specimen without affecting the continuity. The method of combining large seams to fill soil and small seams to fill paper in the present invention not only ensures the continuity of the specimen, but also enhances its overall compactness, providing high-quality observation materials for subsequent research.

[0019] (3) The present invention uses multiple times of spraying glue and drying, as well as drilling holes on the back to spray glue to ensure the fixity of the undisturbed soil specimen. The combination of multiple times of spraying glue and drying and drilling holes on the back to spray glue in the present invention can significantly improve its fixity and durability without destroying the natural state of the specimen, making it more suitable for long-term preservation and display.

[0020] (4) The fine carving in the present invention makes the soil specimen structure surface clearer and more aesthetically pleasing during the exhibition process. The present invention comprehensively guarantees the quality and practicality of the undisturbed soil specimen. Each step cooperates with each other to jointly form a scientific and systematic specimen making process, providing important technical support for soil research in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0021] The following is a further detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention through examples. Specific embodiments

[0022] The present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that this embodiment is based on the present technical solution and provides detailed implementation manners and specific operation processes, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0023] Example 1 A method for collecting and making undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid regions, comprising the following steps: S1: Specimen collection S11: Excavate a profile pit at the sampling point. Specifically, Dig a soil pit with a width of 1.2 m, a length of 2 m, and a depth of 1.3 m as the profile pit. During this process, the soil excavated from each layer is sampled layer by layer. If the soil from each layer needs to be used in the subsequent step of filling soil gaps, in order to ensure that it is not polluted by the external environment, it can be directly taken back indoors and stored for later use after the profile pit is excavated. S12: Separate and take out the soil column with the wooden frame of the specimen box and put it into the specimen box. Specifically, Use a flat shovel to repair the pit wall to make it as flat and straight as possible, and then use the wooden frame to grind out indentations on the pit wall and repair it repeatedly. The wooden frame is a part of the specimen box. The specimen box is a cuboid with a height of 1 m, a length of 20 cm, and a width of 5 cm, including the wooden frame and the front cover and rear cover that are detachably connected to the front and rear ends of the wooden frame. The front cover and rear cover are combined with the wooden frame through screws. By using an electric drill to remove the screws, the front cover and rear cover can be removed from the wooden frame, and the obtained wooden frame is used to grind out indentations on the pit wall. Subsequently, use a soil sampling knife to cut off the excess soil outside the indentations ground on the pit wall to repair the soil column, and trim out a cuboid soil column with the same inner diameter as the wooden frame and protruding. The side of the soil column should also be polished and trimmed repeatedly. Appropriate water can be sprayed before trimming, and then the wooden frame is sleeved on the soil column, and the side of the soil column away from the pit wall (that is, the front end face of the soil column) is sprayed with water for trimming to make it flush with the front end of the wooden frame. Then, the front cover and the front end of the wooden frame are fixed and combined through screws. Then use a profile knife to cut off the soil between the soil column and the pit wall, and use pruning shears or a small saw to cut off the plant roots, so that the side of the soil column close to the pit wall (that is, the rear end face of the soil column) is separated from the soil. Gently lay the soil column backward and lift it out of the pit, spray water on the rear end face of the soil column for trimming to make it flush with the rear end of the wooden frame, cover the rear cover, and fix and combine the rear cover with the rear end of the wooden frame through screws to complete the separation of the soil column. At this time, the entire soil column is completely installed in the specimen box, which is convenient for subsequent taking back indoors for specimen making.

[0024] S2: Specimen making S21: Air-dry the soil column before making, fill soil gaps, drill holes, spray glue, and level with yellow sand in sequence. Specifically, Open the rear cover of the specimen box collected from the field to expose the rear end face of the soil column. The rear end face of the soil column needs to be fully dried in a naturally ventilated environment. The temperature is preferably 22-25°C. High temperature or exposure to the sun should be avoided to prevent the soil from cracking. During the actual drying and production process, adjustments can be made according to the indoor temperature, humidity, etc. at that time; Subsequently, perform soil filling and joint sealing on the rear end face of the soil column. Soil filling and joint sealing successively include filling large joints with soil and filling small joints with paper. For filling large joints with soil, the soil layers collected during the excavation of the field profile pit can be used, or 2 kg of soil can be collected separately for each layer as the spare soil for filling large joints; for filling small joints with paper, the surface can be made flat; Then, spray water on the rear end face of the soil column after soil filling and joint sealing. After that, drill holes (drill at a 45-degree angle) with a drill bit with a diameter of 1.2 mm, 1.5 cm away from the specimen perimeter, with a hole depth of 2.5 cm, and a spacing of 10 mm between adjacent drill holes. Finally, neatly arranged small holes are formed on the rear end face of the soil column; After drilling, spray glue. Spraying glue means evenly spraying the glue solution on the rear end face of the soil column multiple times. The glue solution is prepared by mixing white latex and water in a volume ratio of 1:6. The mixed white latex is approximately 9 L per piece, and it should be sprayed at least three times; After spraying glue, level with yellow sand. Put yellow sand (river sand or stream sand) and add white latex to level, and dry for 15 days; S22: Use linen to level, apply the clamp, and dry again. Specifically, First, use a scraper to remove the floating sand generated after leveling the rear end face of the soil column with yellow sand, and then use a brush to sweep it away; then cut the linen, requiring the size of the linen to be the same as the bottom plate; Apply glue. The binder is white latex and must be kept uniform; Apply the linen. The linen binder (white latex) should be applied sufficiently without air pockets; Level. If it is uneven, pad another layer with linen; Apply the bottom plate. The function of the bottom plate is to fix the specimen. Place the bottom plate on the rear end face of the soil column. To increase the fixing strength between the bottom plate and the soil column, place small wooden blocks on the bottom plate and then apply the clamp (G clamp). The bottom plate and the linen are the same size. After applying the clamp, dry for 20 days; S23: Refine and spray glue again for shaping to obtain the original specimen of the calcic horizon soil. Specifically, After drying, remove the clamp, turn over the specimen box, place the bottom plate on a flat surface, remove the wooden frame and the front cover, take out the soil column specimen, cut it into an appropriate size, gently tap the fiberboard with a wooden hammer so that the soil that has not been soaked by the binder falls off due to vibration, and gently trim the soil structure surface with a small knife or a small needle, etc. At this time, the characteristics of the soil structure can be revealed; Place the modified soil column specimen obliquely on the wall, and evenly spray the diluted binder on the surface of the modified soil column specimen with a sprayer. Then air dry it indoors. The amount of glue sprayed should be such that there is no glue foam after drying. Generally, pure binder is not used for the sprayer setting glue, and the dilution ratio is binder (white latex): water = 1:6 by volume.

[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements do not make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collecting and preparing undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Specimen Collection S11: digging profile pits at sampling sites; S12: Use the wooden frame of the specimen box to separate the soil column and put it into the specimen box; S2: Specimen Preparation S21: drying the rear end surface of the soil column before making, filling the soil, drilling holes, spraying glue and leveling with yellow sand in sequence; S22: Use burlap to level, put on the base plate and clamps, and dry again; S23: Refine and spray glue again to obtain the original specimen of calcium layer soil.

2. The method for collecting and preparing undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the width of the profile pit is 1-1.5 m, the length is 1.5-3 m, and the depth is 1.2-1.5 m.

3. The method for collecting and preparing undisturbed specimens of calcium layer soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S12, the specific process of separating and removing the soil column is as follows: Use a flat-head shovel to repair the pit wall of the profile pit to make it flat and straight, then use the wooden frame of the specimen box to grind out indentations on the pit wall and repeatedly tidy up; Use a soil cutter to cut off the excess soil on the pit wall except for the dents, and build a rectangular soil column with the same inner diameter as the wooden frame and protruding. Repeatedly grind and trim the sides of the soil column; Put the wooden frame into the soil column, spray water on the front end of the soil column, trim the front end of the soil column to be flush with the front end of the wooden frame, cover the front cover and fix it to the wooden frame, then cut the rear end of the soil column to separate the rear end of the soil column from the soil, gently tilt the soil column backwards, lift out of the soil pit, spray water on the rear end of the soil column, trim the rear end of the soil column to be flush with the rear end of the wooden frame, cover the rear cover and fix it to the wooden frame, and put the entire soil column into the specimen box.

4. The method for collecting and preparing undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S21, the pre-drying step is to open the rear cover of the specimen box collected in the field to expose the rear end surface of the soil column and fully dry it in a naturally ventilated environment at a temperature of 22-25°C.

5. The method for collecting and preparing original specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S21, the soil filling is to fill the large joints with soil and the small joints with paper in sequence until the surface is flat; the soil used to fill the large joints is the soil taken out when digging the profile pit or the soil layers collected again.

6. The method for collecting and preparing undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S21, water is sprayed on the rear end face of the soil column before drilling. The drilling is performed using a drill bit with a diameter of 1.2 mm and a 45-degree inclined hole. The hole is 1.5 cm away from the specimen, the hole depth is 2-3 cm, and the interval between adjacent holes is 10 mm, eventually forming neatly arranged small holes.

7. The method for collecting and preparing original specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S21, the glue spraying is to spray the glue liquid evenly and multiple times on the rear end surface of the soil column; the glue liquid includes an adhesive and water in a volume ratio of 1:6; the glue liquid spraying amount for each specimen is 5~10L, and it is sprayed at least three times.

8. The method for collecting and preparing undisturbed specimens of calcic soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S21, using yellow sand for leveling is to add yellow sand and adhesive for leveling, and then airing for 15 days; the yellow sand is river sand or river sand.

9. The method for collecting and preparing original specimens of calcium layer soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S22, the specific steps are: Use a scraper to remove the loose sand on the rear end of the soil column, and then use a brush to sweep it away; Cut the linen cloth to the same size as the base plate; When applying glue, the adhesive must be kept even; When applying linen, the linen adhesive must be applied sufficiently without any hollows; Level it, and use another layer of burlap to pad the uneven areas; Fix the specimen on the bottom plate, place a small wooden block on the bottom plate, and then put on the clamp. The bottom plate and the linen cloth should be the same size. After putting on the clamp, let it dry for 20 days.

10. The method for collecting and preparing original specimens of calcium layer soil in arid and semi-arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S23, the specific steps are: Remove the clamp, turn over the specimen box, place the bottom plate on a flat surface, remove the wooden frame and front cover, take out the soil column specimen, cut it into appropriate sizes, tap the fiberboard with a wooden hammer to make the soil that has not been soaked in the adhesive fall off due to vibration, and use a knife or a small needle to gently trim the soil structure surface; Place the modified soil column specimen obliquely on the wall, use a sprayer to evenly spray the diluted adhesive on the surface of the modified soil column specimen, and let it air dry indoors.