Tensile shear experiment clamp suitable for multiple types of lap joints

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal bonding performance testing tools, in particular to a tensile shear experiment clamp suitable for multiple types of lap joints. The device is characterized by comprising two groups of stretching assemblies, each group of stretching assembly comprises a clamping end, a bottom plate, a first side plate, a second side plate and a guide rail, a sliding clamping plate for clamping a stretching sample is mounted on the guide rail, and first fixing holes, sliding clamping plate adjusting holes and first stretching stress holes are formed in the first side plates and the second side plates; the outer sides of the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively provided with a pressing plate, and each group of stretching assembly is provided with a screw pin shaft. By means of the sliding clamping plate and the pressing plate which can be adjusted up and down, sample plates with different thicknesses and lengths are clamped and fixed, the tool is suitable for multiple types of lap joints, it is guaranteed that a stretching stress central axis penetrates through a bonding plane, the application range is wide, the problem that one tool is only suitable for one type of joints is solved, and meanwhile the tool is suitable for various types of joints. And the tested shear strength is not accurate due to rotation of the sample during stretching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal bonding performance testing tooling, and specifically to a tensile shear test fixture applicable to multi-type lap joints. Background Art

[0002] In the mechanical property evaluation of metal bonding (such as blade edge wrapping, metal adhesive bonding, etc.), the shear tensile test is a very important test method. Both international and domestic standards stipulate that "during the shear tensile test, the structure of the fixture and accessories should be such that they are immediately aligned with the specimen after applying the load, so that the center line of the force on the specimen is consistent with the direction of the tensile force applied by the center line of the force application of the fixture". For the shear tensile tooling in the prior art, on the one hand, it cannot fully ensure that the direction of the tensile force is consistent with the center line of the lap joint specimen, resulting in the specimen rotating during stretching and inaccurate measured shear strength; on the other hand, the applicable range of the existing tooling is small, and one set of tooling is only applicable to one size of joint. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to avoid the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a tensile shear test fixture applicable to multi-type lap joints, which effectively solves the problem that the specimen rotates during stretching, resulting in inaccurate measured shear strength, and at the same time overcomes the limitation that the existing tooling is only applicable to a single size lap joint.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a tensile shear test fixture applicable to multi-type lap joints, including two groups of tensile components. Each group of tensile components includes a clamping end, a bottom plate, a first side plate, a second side plate, and a guide rail. A sliding clamping plate for clamping and stretching the specimen is installed on the guide rail. First fixing holes, sliding clamping plate adjusting holes, and first tensile force receiving holes are provided on the first side plate and the second side plate. Pressing plates are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the first side plate and the second side plate. Pressing plate bolt through holes are provided on the pressing plates, and sliding clamping plate bolt through holes are provided on the sliding clamping plates; A screw pin shaft is provided on each group of tensile components. Two sliding clamping plates are installed on the guide rail of each group of tensile components. The two sliding clamping plates clamp the tensile specimen and perform position positioning. Second tensile force receiving holes are provided on the tensile specimen. The screw pin shaft penetrates through the first tensile force receiving hole, the pressing plate bolt through hole, the sliding clamping plate bolt through hole, and the second tensile force receiving hole on the tensile specimen. Pressing ejector rods are provided on the pressing plates corresponding to the sliding clamping plate adjusting holes on the first side plate and the second side plate. The screw pin shaft realizes the pressing of the pressing plate through the adjustment of nuts and gaskets, and the pressing plate realizes the clamping of the sliding clamping plate to the tensile specimen through the pressing ejector rods.

[0005] Furthermore, the clamping end, the bottom plate, the first side plate and the second side plate are of an integrally formed structure.

[0006] Furthermore, second fixing holes, dovetail grooves and guide rail scale marks are arranged on both sides of the guide rail. Three first fixing holes are respectively arranged on the first side plate and the second side plate. The guide rail is fixedly connected to the first side plate and the second side plate through fixing screws with the first fixing holes and the second fixing holes. The sliding clamping plate is correspondingly installed in the dovetail groove of the guide rail through the dovetail teeth at the upper end.

[0007] Furthermore, the guide rail and the sliding clamping plate are slidably connected through dovetail teeth and dovetail grooves. Four pressing ejector rods on the pressing plate are correspondingly arranged for the adjusting holes of the sliding clamping plate. The pressing plate and the sliding clamping plate achieve pressing through four-point contact.

[0008] Furthermore, the clamping ends of the two groups of stretching assemblies are arranged on the same axis to ensure that the stress central axis of the stretching specimen is coaxial with the central axis of the clamping end. The alignment method of the stretching specimen is positioned through the scale on the guide rail. The specific positioning method is as follows: , The calculation method of the height difference at the test end of the stretching specimen is: the same surface of the machined surface at the test end of the stretching specimen is set as the starting measurement surface, and the deepest point at the test end is taken as the end point to measure the vertical height difference; the scale position adjustment method is: taking the same surface of the machined surface at the test end of the stretching specimen as the reference surface, aligning it with the 0 scale line of the scale, counting in the direction perpendicular to the reference surface and outward, adjusting the nut to press the pressing plate, and at the same time ensuring that the stretching specimen is parallel to the first side plate and the second side plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the stretching specimen includes a single-lap first specimen and a single-lap second specimen; the test ends of the single-lap first specimen and the single-lap second specimen are adhesively bonded to each other, and the bonding plane of the single-lap first specimen and the single-lap second specimen is parallel to the upper and lower planes of the first side plate and the second side plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the stretching specimen includes a double-lap third specimen, a double-lap fourth specimen and a double-lap fifth specimen. The test ends of the double-lap third specimen, the double-lap fourth specimen and the double-lap fifth specimen are adhesively bonded to each other. The bonding plane of the double-lap third specimen, the double-lap fourth specimen and the double-lap fifth specimen is parallel to the upper and lower planes of the first side plate and the second side plate; an overstep treatment is formed at the test ends of the double-lap fourth specimen and the double-lap fifth specimen, and double-sided stepped structures are arranged on both sides of the test end of the double-lap third specimen.

[0011] Further, the tensile specimens include a single-lap scarf joint sixth specimen and a single-lap scarf joint seventh specimen. The test ends of the single-lap scarf joint sixth specimen and the single-lap scarf joint seventh specimen are adhesively bonded to each other, and the bonding plane of the single-lap scarf joint sixth specimen and the single-lap scarf joint seventh specimen is inclined with respect to the upper and lower planes of the first side plate and the second side plate.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: A tensile shear test fixture applicable to multiple types of lap joints can clamp and fix specimen plates with different thicknesses and lengths through an upper and lower adjustable sliding clamping plate and a pressing plate, and is applicable to multiple types of lap joints at the same time. It ensures that the tensile force central axis passes through the bonding plane, has a wide application range, and solves the problem that a set of tooling is only applicable to one type of joint. At the same time, during the entire shear tensile process, the shear force F always coincides with the bonding surface of the specimen, which can not only prevent the specimen from rotating and causing uneven stress and tearing, but also ensure the accuracy of the shear test, and solves the problem that the measured shear strength is inaccurate due to the rotation of the specimen during tensile testing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is the front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the top view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is the Figure 2 A-A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 is the axonometric structural schematic diagram of the double-lap tensile assembly during the implementation of the present invention; Figure 5 is the axonometric structural schematic diagram of the single-inclined lap tensile assembly during the implementation of the present invention; Figure 6 is the Figure 1 axonometric structural schematic diagram of the guide rail in the present invention; Figure 7 is the Figure 1 axonometric structural schematic diagram of the sliding clamping plate in the present invention; Figure 8 is the Figure 1 axonometric structural schematic diagram of the pressing plate in the present invention; Figure 9 is the Figure 1 axonometric structural schematic diagram of the tensile assembly in the present invention; Figure 10 is the Figure 1 axonometric structural schematic diagram of the single-lap specimen in the present invention; Figure 11 is the tensile force schematic diagram in the example of the present invention.

[0014] In the figure: 1. Tensile component; 1-1. Clamping end; 1-2. Bottom plate; 1-3. First side plate; 1-4. Second side plate; 1-5. First fixing hole; 1-6. Sliding splint adjustment hole; 1-7. First tensile stress hole; 2. Tensile specimen; 2-1. Second tensile stress hole; 2-2. Single lap first specimen; 2-3. Single lap second specimen; 2-4. Double lap third specimen; 2-5. Double lap fourth specimen; 2-6. Double lap fifth specimen; 2-7. Single lap bevel joint sixth specimen; 2-8. Single lap bevel joint seventh specimen; 3. Guide rail; 3-1. Second fixing hole; 3-2. Dovetail groove; 3-3. Guide rail scale mark; 4. Sliding splint; 4-1. Dovetail tooth; 4-2. Sliding splint bolt through hole; 5. Fixing screw; 6. Screw pin shaft; 7. Pressing plate; 7-1. Pressing plate bolt through hole; 7-2. Pressing ejector rod; 8. Nut. Detailed implementation manners The principles and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings; the examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0015] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following specific implementation manners: As Figures 1-3 、 Figures 6-10 shown, a tensile shear test fixture applicable to multiple types of lap joints is characterized by including two groups of tensile components 1. Each group of tensile components 1 includes a clamping end 1-1, a bottom plate 1-2, a first side plate 1-3, a second side plate 1-4, and a guide rail 3. A sliding splint 4 for clamping a tensile specimen 2 is installed on the guide rail 3. First fixing holes 1-5, sliding splint adjustment holes 1-6, and first tensile stress holes 1-7 are provided on the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4. Pressing plates 7 are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4. Pressing plate bolt through holes 7-1 are provided on the pressing plates 7. Sliding splint bolt through holes 4-2 are provided on the sliding splint 4. A screw pin shaft 6 is provided on each group of tensile components 1.

[0016] The clamping end 1-1, bottom plate 1-2, first side plate 1-3 and second side plate 1-4 are of an integrally formed structure. There are two sliding clamping plates 4 installed on the guide rail 3 of each set of stretching components 1. The two sliding clamping plates 4 clamp the stretching specimen 2 and position it. A second stretching stress hole 2-1 is provided on the stretching specimen 2. The screw pin shaft 6 passes through the first stretching stress holes 1-7 on the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4, the pressing plate bolt perforations 7-1 on the pressing plate 7, the sliding clamping plate bolt perforations 4-2 on the sliding clamping plate 4 and the second stretching stress hole 2-1 on the stretching specimen 2. Corresponding to the sliding clamping plate adjustment holes 1-6 on the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4, the pressing plate 7 is provided with pressing ejector rods 7-2. The screw pin shaft 6 realizes the pressing of the pressing plate 7 through the rotation adjustment of the nut 8, and the pressing plate 7 realizes the clamping of the stretching specimen 2 by the sliding clamping plate 4 through the pressing ejector rods 7-2.

[0017] Second fixing holes 3-1, dovetail grooves 3-2 and guide rail scale marks 3-3 are provided on both sides of the guide rail 3. Three first fixing holes 1-5 are respectively provided on the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4. The guide rail 3 is fixedly connected to the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4 through fixing screws and the first fixing holes 1-5 and the second fixing holes 3-1. The sliding clamping plate 4 is correspondingly installed in the dovetail groove 3-2 of the guide rail 3 through the dovetail teeth 4-1 at the upper end.

[0018] The guide rail 3 and the sliding clamping plate 4 are slidably connected through the dovetail teeth 4-1 and the dovetail groove 3-2. Four pressing ejector rods 7-2 corresponding to the sliding clamping plate adjustment holes 1-6 are provided on the pressing plate 7. The pressing plate 7 and the sliding clamping plate 4 realize pressing through four-point contact.

[0019] The clamping ends 1-1 of the two sets of stretching components 1 are arranged on the same axis to ensure that the stress central axis of the stretching specimen 2 is coaxial with the central axis of the clamping end 1-1. The alignment method of the stretching specimen 2 is positioned through the scale on the guide rail 3. The specific positioning method is as follows: , The calculation method for the height difference at the test end of the stretching specimen 2 is as follows: The same surface of the processed surface at the test end of the stretching specimen 2 is set as the starting measurement surface, and the deepest point at the test end is taken as the end point to measure the vertical height difference. The scale position adjustment method is as follows: Taking the same surface of the processed surface at the test end of the stretching specimen 2 as the reference surface, aligning its scale line with the 0 scale line position, counting in the direction perpendicular to the reference surface and outward, adjusting the nut 8 to press the pressing plate 7, and at the same time ensuring that the stretching specimen 2 is parallel to the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4.

[0020] The described tensile specimen 2 includes a single-lap first specimen 2-2 and a single-lap second specimen 2-3; the test ends of the single-lap first specimen 2-2 and the single-lap second specimen 2-3 are adhesively bonded to each other, an excessive step is formed at the test end, and the adhesive planes of the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4 of the single-lap first specimen 2-2 and the single-lap second specimen 2-3 are parallel to the upper and lower planes.

[0021] Its working principle is as follows: Both the single-lap first specimen 2-2 and the single-lap second specimen 2-3 are rectangular straight plate-shaped plates. Among them, the single-lap first specimen 2-2 and the single-lap second specimen 2-3 are provided with a single-sided stepped structure on the side of the test end far from the tensile stress hole 2-1, and the test end is adhesively fixed through an adhesive to form a reliable connection. Under the condition of ensuring a single tensile assembly, the state is as Figure 1 , adjust the nut 8 to move the pressing plate 7 away from the sliding clamping plate 4 until it conforms to the size of the tensile specimen 2 and ensure that it can be put in. After putting it in, rotate the nut 8 to move the pressing plate 7 towards the sliding clamping plate 4 until the sliding clamping plate 4 is in close contact with the tensile specimen 2. Through the calculation formula, determine the scale position to ensure that the tensile central axis of the tensile specimen 2 is on the same horizontal line, and then pass the screw pin shaft 6 through the first tensile stress hole 1-7 and the second tensile stress hole 2-1, as Figure 1 shown. After that, the tensile testing machine clamps the clamping ends 1-1 of the two tensile assemblies respectively. The shear forces F received by the two clamping ends 1-1 are the same in magnitude, opposite in direction, and on the same straight line. The side surface of the screw pin shaft 6 contacts the inner cylindrical surfaces of the first tensile stress hole 1-7 and the second tensile stress hole 2-1 to apply a force F to the tensile specimen 2, as Figure 11 shown. After the tensile test is completed and the data is recorded, operate the tensile testing machine to loosen the clamping end 1-1. The staff rotates the nut 8 to adjust the pressing plate 7, relaxes the clamping slider 5, pulls out the screw pin shaft 6, and takes out the tensile specimen 2 from the tensile assembly 1.

[0022] Specific Embodiment 2, as Figure 4 shown, the present invention provides another embodiment of a tensile shear test fixture applicable to a double-lap joint. The number of the tensile specimens 2 is increased from two to three, which respectively include a double-lap third specimen 2-4, a double-lap fourth specimen 2-5, and a double-lap fifth specimen 2-6. The test ends of the three are adhesively bonded to each other. The adhesive planes of the double-lap third specimen 2-4, the double-lap fourth specimen 2-5, and the double-lap fifth specimen 2-6 are parallel to the upper and lower planes of the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4; an excessive step treatment is formed at the test ends of the double-lap fourth specimen 2-5 and the double-lap fifth specimen 2-6, and double-sided stepped structures are provided on both sides of the test end of the double-lap third specimen 2-4 far from the second tensile stress hole 2-1.

[0023] Its working principle is as follows: The double-lap third specimen 2-4, double-lap fourth specimen 2-5, and double-lap fifth specimen 2-6 are rectangular straight plate-shaped sheets. An overstep treatment (test end) is formed at one end of the double-lap fourth specimen 2-5 and double-lap fifth specimen 2-6 away from the tensile stress hole 2-1. The double-lap third specimen 2-4 is provided with a stepped structure on both sides of the test end away from the second tensile stress hole 2-1. The test end is fixed by bonding to form a reliable connection.

[0024] Under the condition of ensuring one tensile assembly, the state is as Figure 4 , adjust the adjusting nut 8 to move the pressing plate 7 away from the sliding clamping plate 4 until it conforms to the size of the specimen 2, and ensure that it can be put in. A gasket is placed between the double-lap fourth specimen 2-5 and the double-lap fifth specimen 2-6. The thickness of the gasket is the same as that of the double-lap third specimen 2-4. After putting it in, tighten the nut 8 to adjust the pressing plate 7 to move the pressing plate 7 towards the sliding clamping plate 4 until the sliding clamping plate 4 is in close contact with the tensile specimen 2, and ensure that the central axis of the tensile resultant force of the bonded double-lap third specimen 2-4, double-lap fourth specimen 2-5, and double-lap fifth specimen 2-6 is on the central axis of the tensile clamping end 1-1. Then, pass the screw pin shaft 6 through the first tensile stress hole 1-7 and the second tensile stress hole 2-1, as Figure 4 shown. After that, the tensile testing machine clamps the two tensile assembly clamping ends 1-1 respectively. The shear forces F received by the two clamping ends 1-1 are the same in magnitude, opposite in direction, and located on the same straight line. The inner cylindrical surfaces of the first tensile stress hole 1-7 and the second tensile stress hole 2-1 of the screw pin shaft 6 are in contact to apply a force F to the specimen 2, as Figure 11 shown. After the tensile test is completed and the data is recorded, operate the tensile testing machine to release the clamping end 1-1. The staff rotates the nut 8 to adjust the pressing plate 7, relax the sliding clamping plate 4, pull out the screw pin shaft 6, and take out the tensile specimen 2 from the tensile assembly 1.

[0025] Specific embodiment three, as Figure 5 shown, the present invention provides another embodiment of a tensile shear test fixture applicable to a single-lap bevel joint. The tensile specimen includes a single-lap beveled sixth specimen 2-7 and a single-lap beveled seventh specimen 2-8. The tensile specimen 2 is changed from the above standard straight test end to a special-shaped bevel test end. The tensile specimen 2 includes a single-lap beveled sixth specimen 2-7 and a single-lap beveled seventh specimen 2-8. A special-shaped bevel test end is formed at one end of the single-lap beveled sixth specimen 2-7 and the single-lap beveled seventh specimen 2-8 away from the second tensile stress hole 2-1. The test ends of the single-lap beveled sixth specimen 2-7 and the single-lap beveled seventh specimen 2-8 are bonded to each other. The bonding planes of the single-lap beveled sixth specimen 2-7 and the single-lap beveled seventh specimen 2-8 are inclined with respect to the upper and lower planes of the first side plate 1-3 and the second side plate 1-4.

[0026] Its working principle is as follows: The single-lap beveled joint sixth specimen 2-7 and the single-lap beveled joint seventh specimen 2-8 are two rectangular straight plate materials. At one end (test end) of the single-lap beveled joint sixth specimen 2-7 and the single-lap beveled joint seventh specimen 2-8 far from the tensile stress hole 2-1, a slope transition treatment is formed only on one side, and the test end is fixed by bonding. Under the condition of ensuring a tensile assembly, the state is as Figure 5 , adjust the nut 8 to make the pressing plate 7 move away from the sliding clamping plate 4 until it conforms to the size of the specimen 2, and ensure that it can be put in. After putting it in, tighten the nut 8 to adjust the pressing plate 7 to make the pressing plate 7 move towards the sliding clamping plate 4 until the sliding clamping plate 4 is in close contact with the specimen 2, and ensure that the bonding stress central axis of the single-lap beveled joint sixth specimen 2-7 and the single-lap beveled joint seventh specimen 2-8 is on the central axis of the tensile clamping end 1-1. Then, pass the screw pin shaft 6 through the first tensile stress hole 1-7 and the second tensile stress hole 2-1, as Figure 5 shown. After that, the tensile testing machine clamps the clamping ends 1-1 of the two tensile assemblies respectively. The shear forces F received by the two clamping ends 1-1 are the same in magnitude, opposite in direction, and located on the same straight line. The side surface of the screw pin shaft 6 contacts the inner cylindrical surfaces of the first tensile stress hole 1-7 and the second tensile stress hole 2-1, and applies the force F to the specimen 2, as Figure 11 shown.

[0027] After the tensile test is completed, the tensile testing machine releases the clamping end 1-1. The staff pulls the pressing plate 7, relaxes the sliding clamping plate 4, pulls out the screw pin shaft 6, and takes out the single-lap beveled joint sixth specimen 2-7 and the single-lap beveled joint seventh specimen 2-8 from the tensile assembly 1.

[0028] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; they are not intended to limit the present invention; any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tensile shear test fixture suitable for multiple types of lap joints, characterized by: The invention comprises two sets of tensile components (1), each set of tensile components (1) comprises a clamping end (1-1), a bottom plate (1-2), a first side plate (1-3), a second side plate (1-4) and a guide rail (3), wherein a sliding clamping plate (4) for clamping a tensile specimen (2) is installed on the guide rail (3); The first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4) are provided with a first fixing hole (1-5), a sliding clamp plate adjustment hole (1-6) and a first tensile force-bearing hole (1-7); the first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4) are provided with a clamping plate (7) on their outer sides respectively; the clamping plate (7) is provided with a clamping plate bolt through hole (7-1); the sliding clamp plate (4) is provided with a sliding clamp plate bolt through hole (4-2); each group of tensile components (1) is provided with a screw pin shaft (6); There are two sliding clamps (4) installed on the guide rail (3) of each group of tensile components (1), and the two sliding clamps (4) clamp the tensile specimen (2) and position it. The tensile specimen (2) is provided with a second tensile stress hole (2-1), and the screw pin (6) passes through the first tensile stress hole (1-7), the clamping plate bolt through hole (7-1), the sliding clamp bolt through hole (4-2) and the second tensile stress hole (2-1) on the tensile specimen (2); The clamping plate (7) is provided with a clamping push rod (7-2) corresponding to the sliding clamping plate adjustment hole (1-6) on the first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4); the screw pin (6) is adjusted by the nut (8) and the gasket to clamp the clamping plate (7); the clamping plate (7) clamps the tensile specimen (2) by the sliding clamping plate (4) through the clamping push rod (7-2).

2. A tensile shear test fixture suitable for multiple types of lap joints as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping end (1-1), the bottom plate (1-2), the first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4) are an integrally formed structure.

3. A tensile shear test fixture suitable for multiple types of lap joints as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The guide rail is provided with a second fixing hole (3-1), a dovetail groove (3-2) and a guide rail scale mark (3-3) on both sides; three first fixing holes (1-5) are provided on the first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4), respectively; the guide rail (3) is fixedly connected to the first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4) through fixing screws and the first fixing holes (1-5) and the second fixing holes (3-1); and the sliding clamp (4) is correspondingly mounted in the dovetail groove (3-2) of the guide rail (3) through the dovetail teeth (4-1) at the upper end.

4. A tensile shear test fixture suitable for multiple types of lap joints as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The guide rail (3) and the sliding clamping plate (4) are slidably connected via dovetail teeth (4-1) and dovetail grooves (3-2); four clamping push rods (7-2) on the clamping plate (7) are arranged corresponding to the sliding clamping plate adjustment holes (1-6); and the clamping plate (7) and the sliding clamping plate (4) are clamped via four-point contact.

5. A tensile shear test fixture suitable for multiple types of lap joints as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping ends (1-1) of the two sets of tensile components (1) are arranged on the same axis to ensure that the force-bearing center axis of the tensile specimen (2) is coaxial with the center axis of the clamping end (1-1). The tensile specimen alignment method is positioned by the scale on the guide rail (3). The specific positioning method is: ， The height difference calculation method of the test end of the tensile specimen (2) is as follows: the same surface of the test end of the tensile specimen (2) is set as the starting measurement surface, the deepest point of the test end is taken as the end point, and the vertical height difference is measured; the scale position adjustment method is as follows: the same surface of the test end of the tensile specimen (2) is used as the reference surface, the scale line 0 is aligned with the scale line position, the number is counted in the direction perpendicular to the reference surface, and the nut (8) is adjusted to press the clamping plate (7), while ensuring that the tensile specimen (2) is parallel to the first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4).

6. A tensile shear test fixture suitable for multiple types of lap joints as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The tensile test specimen (2) comprises a single-lap first test specimen (2-2) and a single-lap second test specimen (2-3); the test ends of the single-lap first test specimen (2-2) and the single-lap second test specimen (2-3) are bonded to each other, and the bonding planes of the single-lap first test specimen (2-2) and the single-lap second test specimen (2-3) are parallel to the upper and lower planes of the first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4).

7. A tensile shear test fixture suitable for multiple types of lap joints as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The tensile test specimen (2) comprises a double-lap third test specimen (2-4), a double-lap fourth test specimen (2-5) and a double-lap fifth test specimen (2-6); the test ends of the double-lap third test specimen (2-4), the double-lap fourth test specimen (2-5) and the double-lap fifth test specimen (2-6) are bonded to each other; the bonding planes of the double-lap third test specimen (2-4), the double-lap fourth test specimen (2-5) and the double-lap fifth test specimen (2-6) are parallel to the upper and lower planes of the first side plate (1-3) and the second side plate (1-4); the test ends of the double-lap fourth test specimen (2-5) and the double-lap fifth test specimen (2-6) are formed with a transition step treatment, and both sides of the test end of the double-lap third test specimen (2-4) are provided with a double-sided step structure.

8. A tensile shear test fixture suitable for multiple types of lap joints as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The tensile test specimen (2) comprises a single-lap mitered sixth test specimen (2-7) and a single-lap mitered seventh test specimen (2-8), the test ends of the single-lap mitered sixth test specimen (2-7) and the single-lap mitered seventh test specimen (2-8) being bonded to each other, and the bonding planes of the single-lap mitered sixth test specimen (2-7) and the single-lap mitered seventh test specimen (2-8) being inclined relative to the upper and lower planes of the first side panel (1-3) and the second side panel (1-4).

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