Soil improvement effect evaluation system and method based on soil corrosion prevention, soil moisture conservation and fertility improvement

Abstract

The invention provides a soil improvement effect evaluation system and method based on soil corrosion prevention, soil moisture conservation and fertility improvement, and relates to the technical field of soil optimization. A soil corrosion prevention index is generated based on a soil loss rate, a soil stability index and a vegetation coverage rate; generating a soil moisture preservation index based on the water holding rate, porosity and evaporation water loss of the soil sample; according to the method, a soil fertility improvement index is generated by measuring the total content of organic matters, nitrogen phosphorus and potassium and the pH value, and further sampling and normalization are carried out on each index in a secondary test area to generate a comprehensive evaluation index, so that scientific quantitative evaluation is carried out on the soil improvement effect, and a decision basis is provided for soil protection and agricultural sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil optimization, and particularly to a soil improvement effect evaluation system and method based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility improvement. Background Art

[0002] Soil is an important foundation for agricultural production, and soil health is crucial for the sustainable development of agricultural yields and the ecological environment. However, due to the dual influence of natural factors and human activities, problems such as soil erosion, decline in water retention capacity, and loss of fertility are becoming increasingly severe. Soil erosion will lead to the loss of soil organic matter and nutrients, affect crop growth, and may trigger regional ecological imbalances. At the same time, the poor water retention capacity of the soil will increase irrigation costs and make the soil more prone to drying and degradation. In addition, insufficient organic matter content, nutrient imbalance, or pH value deviation from the appropriate range in the soil will also restrict the improvement of crop yields and quality. Existing soil improvement technologies mostly focus on single-sided improvements in a certain aspect and lack a comprehensive evaluation of multiple dimensions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method based on the coordination of multi-dimensional indicators to provide a more comprehensive and objective evaluation of soil improvement effects.

[0003] In the prior art, the published number CN119228206A discloses a soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility improvement full-life cycle benefit evaluation and optimization system, which obtains multi-party soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility improvement full-life cycle data streams, constructs a global soil full-life cycle benefit evaluation model set, collects the local soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility improvement full-life cycle data stream of the target area, optimizes to obtain the local soil full-life cycle benefit evaluation model, and conducts key factor analysis on the target area based on the local soil full-life cycle benefit evaluation model to obtain the geometry of the key influencing factors of the soil full-life cycle, so as to carry out soil benefit optimization control.

[0004] The main problems existing in the above solution are: the data analysis of soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility improvement is not comprehensive enough, and it is unable to better reflect the soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility improvement capabilities, affecting the accuracy of soil improvement effect evaluation.

[0005] The above information disclosed in the background art section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore it may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil improvement effect evaluation system and method based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility improvement to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertilization, specifically including:

[0009] An erosion prevention evaluation module, which is used to divide a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulated rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil erosion rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of the test area, randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, measure the mass of water-stable aggregates by the wet sieving method, and generate a soil stability index, measure the area of the test area and the vegetation coverage area of the test area, generate a vegetation coverage rate, and generate a soil erosion prevention index based on the soil erosion rate, soil stability index and vegetation coverage rate;

[0010] A moisture conservation evaluation module, which is used to randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, conduct saturated water absorption and drying successively, generate a soil water holding rate based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, generate a soil porosity based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples, set an evaporation time, measure the soil evaporation loss amount of the soil samples in the evaporation dish during the evaporation time, and calculate the soil water evaporation rate, and generate a soil moisture conservation index based on the soil water holding rate, soil porosity and soil water evaporation rate;

[0011] A fertilization evaluation module, which is used to randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, measure the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value in the soil samples, and generate a soil fertilization index based on the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value;

[0012] A comprehensive evaluation module, which is used to divide several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area from the soil area to be evaluated, determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertilization index of the secondary test areas according to the above steps, normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertilization index of the test area, generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertilization index, and evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0013] Further, the principle for generating the soil erosion prevention index is:

[0014] The formula for generating the soil erosion rate is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, E represents the soil erosion rate, M represents the soil loss amount, A represents the area of the test area, and T 1 represents the slope simulated rainfall test time;

[0017] The formula for generating the soil stability index is:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, S represents the soil stability index, and W s represents the mass of water-stable aggregates in the soil sample, and W t represents the mass of the soil sample;

[0020] The formula for generating the vegetation coverage rate is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, P represents the vegetation coverage rate, and D p represents the vegetation coverage area of the test area, and D t represents the area of the test area;

[0023] The formula for generating the soil erosion prevention index is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, X represents the soil erosion prevention index of the test area.

[0026] Furthermore, the principle for generating the soil moisture conservation index is:

[0027] The formula for generating the soil water holding rate is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, C represents the soil water holding rate, and M w represents the wet weight of the soil, and M d represents the dry weight of the soil;

[0030] The formula for generating the soil porosity is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, K represents the soil porosity, and ρ b represents the soil bulk density, and ρ p represents the soil particle density;

[0033] The formula for generating the soil water evaporation rate is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] Among them, F represents the soil water evaporation rate, and △M w represents the soil evaporation water loss, B represents the contact area between the soil sample and the evaporating dish, and T 2 represents the evaporation time;

[0036] The formula for generating the soil moisture conservation index is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, Y represents the soil moisture conservation index of the test area.

[0039] Furthermore, the principle for generating the soil fertility index is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, Z represents the soil fertility index of the test area, O represents the organic matter content, Q NPK represents the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, pH t represents the soil pH value, represents the pH correction factor.

[0042] Furthermore, the principle for generating the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:

[0043] The formulas for generating the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertility index are as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, X 0 represents the normalized soil erosion prevention index, X represents the soil erosion prevention index of the test area, X min represents the minimum value of the soil erosion prevention indices of all test areas and sub - test areas, X max represents the maximum value of the soil erosion prevention indices of all test areas and sub - test areas, Y 0 represents the normalized soil moisture conservation index, Y represents the soil moisture conservation index of the test area, Y min represents the minimum value of the soil moisture conservation indices of all test areas and sub - test areas, Y max represents the maximum value of the soil moisture conservation indices of all test areas and sub - test areas, Z 0 represents the normalized soil fertility index, Z represents the soil fertility index of the test area, Z min represents the minimum value of the soil fertility indices of all test areas and sub - test areas, Z max represents the maximum value of the soil fertility indices of all test areas and sub - test areas;

[0046] The formula for generating the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, ∈ represents the comprehensive evaluation index, XYZ irepresents the \(i\)th index among the three indices of soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertility improvement index in the normalized test area, \(\alpha\) i represents the weight of the \(i\)th index, \(\alpha\) 1 +\(\alpha\) 2 +\(\alpha\) 3 = 1, and \(\alpha\) 1 =\(\alpha\) 2 =\(\alpha\) 3 .

[0049] Furthermore, the principle for evaluating the soil improvement effect is as follows:

[0050] When \(0.8\leq\in\lt1\), the soil improvement effect is significant;

[0051] When \(0.4\leq\in\lt0.8\), the soil improvement effect is average;

[0052] When \(0\lt\in\lt0.4\), the soil improvement effect is poor.

[0053] The present invention also provides a method for evaluating the soil improvement effect based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation, and fertility improvement. The method is executed by the above-mentioned soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation, and fertility improvement. The specific steps include:

[0054] Step 1: Divide a test area from the soil area to be evaluated. Conduct a slope simulated rainfall test in the test area. Generate the soil erosion rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of the test area. Randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area. Determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by the wet sieving method and generate the soil stability index. Measure the area of the test area and the vegetation coverage area of the test area to generate the vegetation coverage rate. Generate the soil erosion prevention index based on the soil erosion rate, soil stability index, and vegetation coverage rate;

[0055] Step 2: Randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area. First, conduct saturated water absorption and then drying. Generate the soil water holding rate based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples. Generate the soil porosity based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples. Set the evaporation time and measure the soil evaporation water loss amount of the soil samples in the evaporation dish during the evaporation time, and calculate the soil water evaporation rate. Generate the soil moisture conservation index based on the soil water holding rate, soil porosity, and soil water evaporation rate;

[0056] Step 3: Randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area. Determine the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and soil pH value in the soil samples. Generate the soil fertility improvement index based on the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and soil pH value;

[0057] Step 4: Divide several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area from the soil area to be evaluated. Determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertility improvement index of the secondary test areas according to the above steps. Normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertility improvement index of the test area. Generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertility improvement index, and evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0059] The present invention generates a soil erosion prevention index by measuring the soil loss rate, soil stability index, and vegetation coverage rate. Considering multiple-dimensional indicators comprehensively, it comprehensively reflects the physical stability of soil erosion and the ecological protection effect of vegetation coverage, is closer to the real scenario, and has scientificity and comprehensiveness. By combining the porosity and bulk density included in the physical properties with the water holding rate and evaporation rate included in the water characteristics, it can deeply reveal the comprehensive influence of soil structure on water retention, thus making up for the deficiency of single-factor evaluation in the prior art, and can more accurately evaluate the water retention ability of soil under actual climate conditions. By combining the water holding rate and evaporation rate, it can not only evaluate the water storage capacity of soil, but also quantify its drought resistance performance, providing more targeted guidance for the design and optimization of soil improvement measures in actual agricultural production. Integrating organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and pH value covers the main dimensions of soil fertility level, and more scientifically evaluates the comprehensive soil fertility improvement ability.

[0060] The present invention also integrates erosion prevention, moisture conservation, and fertility improvement into a quantified result. Compared with traditional evaluation methods that only focus on one aspect or use a single indicator, it comprehensively reflects the overall effect of soil improvement, avoiding the one-sidedness problem that may exist in a single indicator. Through normalization processing, this step ensures that each indicator is comprehensively calculated under a unified standard, making the evaluation result more scientific and operable. The generated comprehensive evaluation index can quantify the effect differences of different regions and improvement measures, helping the evaluator quickly locate the deficiencies and optimization directions of improvement, and ensuring the accurate evaluation and guidance of soil improvement effects. Description of the Drawings

[0061] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system module of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0064] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention pertains. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to represent relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object to be described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0065] Embodiment:

[0066] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0067] A soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility improvement, and the specific steps include:

[0068] An erosion prevention evaluation module, which is used to demarcate a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulated rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil erosion rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of the test area, randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, measure the mass of water-stable aggregates by the wet sieving method, and generate a soil stability index, measure the area of the test area and the vegetation coverage area of the test area, generate a vegetation coverage rate, and generate a soil erosion prevention index based on the soil erosion rate, the soil stability index and the vegetation coverage rate;

[0069] In this embodiment, the principle for generating the soil erosion prevention index is:

[0070] The formula for generating the soil erosion rate is:

[0071]

[0072] where, E represents the soil erosion rate, M represents the soil loss amount, A represents the area of the test area, and T 1 represents the slope simulated rainfall test time;

[0073] Install the slope simulated rainfall device above the test area to conduct slope simulated rainfall tests, ensuring that the rainfall device can cover the entire test area. Statistically analyze the meteorological data at the location of the test area to determine the rainfall intensity, and apply rainfall to the test area. Set up a sediment collection device at the bottom of the slope to collect the sediment and runoff water carried away by the water flow during rainfall. Separate the collected sediment and runoff water through precipitation, and weigh the dry weight of the sediment, which is the soil loss amount. The soil loss rate reflects the soil's anti-erosion ability, and the soil loss rate is inversely proportional to the anti-erosion ability.

[0074] The formula for generating the soil stability index is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, S represents the soil stability index, and W s represents the mass of water-stable aggregates in the soil sample, and W t represents the mass of the soil sample;

[0077] Determine the mass of water-stable aggregates through the wet sieving method. Collect the surface soil from 0 to 20 cm at different points in the test area, remove impurities such as roots and stones, and use sieves with different pore sizes, including 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, and 0.5 mm, to conduct dry sieving classification on the soil to obtain soil aggregate particles of different sizes. Select soil aggregate particles with sizes ranging from 1 mm to 2 mm, weigh them to obtain W t , soak them in water for 30 minutes, use a wet sieving device to perform slow vibration and sieving and washing to simulate the impact on soil particles under the action of rainwater, collect the separated soil particles, dry them, and weigh them to obtain W s . Soil stability reflects the anti-disintegration ability of soil particles under hydrodynamic action. The lower the stability, the easier it is for the soil to disintegrate into fine particles, resulting in more serious soil erosion.

[0078] The formula for generating the vegetation coverage rate is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, P represents the vegetation coverage rate, and D p represents the vegetation coverage area of the test area, and D t represents the area of the test area;

[0081] The formula for generating the soil erosion prevention index is as follows:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, X represents the soil erosion prevention index of the test area.

[0084] The soil erosion prevention index reflects the soil's anti-erosion ability and embodies the improvement effect of the soil in terms of erosion prevention. The stronger the soil stability index, the stronger the cohesive force of soil particles, the more stable the soil structure, and the less likely it is to be eroded. Therefore, the soil stability index is directly proportional to the soil erosion prevention index; vegetation can slow down surface runoff and fix soil particles, thereby inhibiting soil erosion. Therefore, the vegetation coverage rate is directly proportional to the soil erosion prevention index; the soil loss rate reflects the amount of soil loss. The greater the soil loss rate, the more easily the soil is eroded. Therefore, the soil loss rate is inversely proportional to the soil erosion prevention index.

[0085] The soil moisture conservation evaluation module is used to randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, weigh them and then dry them. Based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, the soil water holding rate is generated. Based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples, the soil porosity is generated. Set the evaporation time, measure the soil evaporation water loss of the soil samples in the evaporation dish during the evaporation time, and calculate the soil water evaporation rate. Based on the soil water holding rate, soil porosity and soil water evaporation rate, the soil moisture conservation index is generated;

[0086] In this embodiment, the principle for generating the soil moisture conservation index is as follows:

[0087] The formula for generating the soil water holding rate is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] Among them, C represents the soil water holding rate, M w represents the wet weight of the soil, M d represents the dry weight of the soil;

[0090] Weigh the collected soil samples to generate the wet weight of the soil M w , dry the soil samples to a constant weight to generate the dry weight of the soil M d , then M w -M d represents the mass of water in the soil samples. The soil water holding rate represents the ratio of the mass of water in the soil to the mass of dry soil, reflecting the ability of the soil reservoir to store and retain water.

[0091] The formula for generating the soil porosity is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, K represents the soil porosity, ρ b represents the soil bulk density, ρ p represents the soil particle density;

[0094] Take a soil sample of known volume, dry it to a constant weight, and calculate the soil bulk density. The formula used is:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, ρ b represents the soil bulk density, and V represents the volume of the soil sample;

[0097] Based on the pycnometer method for measuring the soil particle density, the soil bulk density represents the dry weight of a certain volume of soil, and the soil particle density represents the mass of soil particles per unit volume. The ratio of the two represents the proportion of the solid-phase particles in the soil occupying the total volume. Subtracting this proportion can obtain the pore part jointly composed of the liquid phase and the gas phase. The larger the soil porosity, the more pore space there is, the looser the soil, and the more conducive it is to increasing the water-holding capacity of the soil.

[0098] The formula for generating the soil water evaporation rate is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, F represents the soil water evaporation rate, and △M w represents the water loss due to soil evaporation, B represents the contact area between the soil sample and the evaporating dish, and T 2 represents the evaporation time;

[0101] Take a certain amount of soil sample and put it into the evaporating dish, weigh the initial weight including the evaporating dish and the soil sample, set the evaporation time, and set a constant-temperature and constant-humidity evaporation environment based on the environmental temperature and humidity of the soil area to be evaluated. After evaporation, weigh the final weight of the sample. Then, the water loss due to soil evaporation = initial weight - final weight; the evaporation process is mainly a water vapor diffusion process that occurs after the soil surface contacts the air. The evaporation rate is related to the area of the external contact with the air; the soil water evaporation rate reflects the evaporation amount of water in the soil per unit time. The higher the soil water evaporation rate, the weaker the soil moisture retention capacity.

[0102] The formula for generating the soil moisture retention index is as follows:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, Y represents the soil moisture retention index of the test area.

[0105] The soil moisture conservation index reflects the comprehensive effect of the soil in reducing water evaporation and maintaining soil moisture content in the actual environment. The soil water holding rate refers to the percentage of water contained in the soil per unit mass or volume, which is used to represent the soil's ability to store water. The higher the soil water holding rate, the more water the soil can store under the same precipitation conditions, thus showing a better moisture conservation effect. Therefore, the soil water holding rate is directly proportional to the soil moisture conservation index. The soil water evaporation rate represents the amount of water evaporated from the soil per unit time. The lower the F, the slower the soil water evaporation and the stronger the moisture conservation ability. The soil water evaporation rate is inversely proportional to the soil moisture conservation index. A higher porosity means that there is more space in the soil to store water, and at the same time, it can ensure the uniform distribution of water inside the soil, thereby prolonging the utilization time of water and increasing the moisture conservation ability. The soil porosity is directly proportional to the soil moisture conservation index.

[0106] The fertilization evaluation module is used to randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, measure the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and soil pH value in the soil samples, and generate a soil fertilization index based on the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and soil pH value.

[0107] In this embodiment, the content of soil organic matter is determined by the potassium dichromate oxidation method. The soil sample is dried at 105°C and titrated with ammonium ferrous sulfate solution to calculate the oxidation amount of organic matter. After the soil sample reacts with the alkaline solution and is distilled, the distillate is collected and titrated with sulfuric acid to calculate the nitrogen concentration. The available phosphorus in the soil is extracted with sodium bicarbonate solution, and the phosphorus concentration is measured by a spectrophotometer. The available potassium in the soil is extracted with ammonium acetate solution, and the potassium concentration is measured by a flame photometer. The nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration and potassium concentration are added up to obtain the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

[0108] In this embodiment, the principle for generating the soil fertilization index is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, Z represents the soil fertilization index of the test area, O represents the organic matter content, Q NPK represents the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, pH t represents the soil pH value, represents the pH correction factor.

[0111] Soil organic matter is one of the core indicators of soil fertility and the main source of soil fertility, showing a positive correlation with soil fertilization. The higher the organic matter content, the better the soil fertilization effect. The total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium directly reflects the ability of the soil to provide nutrients in the short term. The higher the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the stronger the soil fertility. The contribution of the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium shows a phenomenon of marginal diminishing returns. When the content is low, it has an obvious effect on improving soil fertility. However, after the content reaches a certain level, the increasing part has a weakened effect on improving soil fertility. Therefore, a logarithmic function is used to represent the relationship between the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and the soil fertilization index. represents the pH correction factor, which adopts the form of a Gaussian distribution to correct the influence of pH on soil fertility. When pH t = 6.5, the pH correction factor reaches the maximum value of 1, indicating that under the most suitable acidity and alkalinity, soil fertility is not restricted at all. When the pH value deviates from 6.5, the correction factor gradually decreases, and both acidity and alkalinity will weaken the fertility.

[0112] The comprehensive evaluation module is used to divide several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area from the soil area to be evaluated, determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertilization index of the secondary test areas according to the above steps, normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertilization index of the test area, generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertilization index, and evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0113] In this embodiment, the principle for generating the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:

[0114] The formulas for generating the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertilization index are as follows:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, X 0 represents the normalized soil erosion prevention index, X represents the soil erosion prevention index of the test area, X min represents the minimum value of the soil erosion prevention indexes of all test areas and secondary test areas, X max represents the maximum value of the soil erosion prevention indexes of all test areas and secondary test areas, Y 0 represents the normalized soil moisture conservation index, Y represents the soil moisture conservation index of the test area, Y min represents the minimum value of the soil moisture conservation indexes of all test areas and secondary test areas, Y max represents the maximum value of the soil moisture conservation indexes of all test areas and secondary test areas, Z 0 represents the normalized soil fertilization index, Z represents the soil fertilization index of the test area, Z minRepresents the minimum value of the soil fertility index for all test areas and sub-test areas, Z max Represents the maximum value of the soil fertility index for all test areas and sub-test areas;

[0117] The formula for generating the comprehensive evaluation index is:

[0118]

[0119] Where, ∈ represents the comprehensive evaluation index, XYZ i Represents the i-th index among the three indexes of the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index of the test area after normalization, α i Represents the weight of the i-th index, α 1 +α 2 +α 3 = 1, and α 1 = α 2 = α 3 .

[0120] The soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index are comprehensively combined through geometric mean, which is applicable to scenarios with strong correlations among multiple indicators. By combining each indicator in the form of a product, when a certain indicator is very low, its impact on the product will be amplified. In this solution, considering the performance of the soil in the three aspects of erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility, the initial weights are all set to The calculated ∈ is the comprehensive evaluation index of the test area, which is used to reflect the soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertility performance of the entire soil area to be evaluated.

[0121] The principle for evaluating the soil improvement effect is:

[0122] When 0.8 ≤ ∈ < 1, the soil improvement effect is significant;

[0123] When 0.4 ≤ ∈ < 0.8, the soil improvement effect is average;

[0124] When 0 < ∈ < 0.4, the soil improvement effect is poor.

[0125] The final calculated comprehensive evaluation index ∈ ranges from 0 to 1. The higher the comprehensive evaluation index, the better the comprehensive effect on soil erosion prevention, soil moisture conservation, and soil fertility improvement. When 0.8 ≤ ∈ < 1, it indicates that all indicators perform well, the comprehensive soil quality has been greatly improved, the improvement measures have achieved the expected goals, the existing improvement measures can be maintained, and the soil quality can be monitored and maintained regularly; when 0.4 ≤ ∈ < 0.8, it shows that the improvement measures are effective in some aspects of the three indicators, but the overall effect is limited. Specifically analyze which aspect is insufficient. If the soil erosion prevention ability is insufficient, measures such as increasing vegetation cover, reducing the area of bare soil, or optimizing terrain design can be taken; if the soil moisture conservation effect is poor, measures such as adjusting the irrigation method, adopting water-saving technologies such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, or increasing soil cover can be taken; if the soil fertility improvement ability is insufficient, measures such as applying organic fertilizers or introducing green manure plants can be taken; when 0 < ∈ < 0.4, it indicates that the current improvement plan cannot effectively improve the soil quality, and it may lack scientificity or implementation strength. New technologies such as deep tillage improvement, adding soil conditioners, and planting resistant plants can be introduced.

[0126] Please refer to Figure 2 , the present invention also provides a method for evaluating the soil improvement effect based on soil erosion prevention, soil moisture conservation, and soil fertility improvement. The method is executed by the above-mentioned system for evaluating the soil improvement effect based on soil erosion prevention, soil moisture conservation, and soil fertility improvement. The specific steps include:

[0127] Step 1: Divide a test area from the soil area to be evaluated. Conduct a slope simulation rainfall test in the test area. Generate the soil erosion rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of the test area. Randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area. Determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by the wet sieving method and generate a soil stability index. Measure the area of the test area and the vegetation cover area of the test area to generate a vegetation coverage rate. Generate a soil erosion prevention index based on the soil erosion rate, soil stability index, and vegetation coverage rate;

[0128] Step 2: Randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area. First, conduct saturated water absorption and then drying. Generate a soil water holding rate based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples. Generate a soil porosity based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples. Set an evaporation time and measure the soil evaporation loss amount of the soil samples in the evaporation dish during the evaporation time, and calculate the soil water evaporation rate. Generate a soil moisture conservation index based on the soil water holding rate, soil porosity, and soil water evaporation rate;

[0129] Step 3: Randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area. Determine the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and soil pH value in the soil samples. Generate a soil fertility improvement index based on the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and soil pH value;

[0130] Step 4: Divide several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area from the soil area to be evaluated. Determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertility improvement index of the secondary test areas according to the above steps. Normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertility improvement index of the test area. Generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index, and soil fertility improvement index, and evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0131] All the above formulas are dimensionless and take their numerical values for calculation. The formula is obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to get a formula closest to the real situation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0132] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed in this article can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0133] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units. They can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0134] The above is only the specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and all should be covered by the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, soil moisture conservation and fertilization, characterized in that: Specifically include: The anti-erosion evaluation module is used to divide a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulation rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil loss rate of the test area during the test time based on the amount of soil loss affected by rainfall erosion and the area of ​​the test area, randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by wet sieving method, and generate a soil stability index, measure the area of ​​the test area and the vegetation coverage area of ​​the test area, generate the vegetation coverage rate, and generate a soil anti-erosion index based on the soil loss rate, soil stability index and vegetation coverage rate; The soil moisture conservation evaluation module is used to randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, carry out saturated water absorption and drying in sequence, generate soil water holding rate based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, generate soil porosity based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples, set the evaporation time, measure the soil evaporation water loss of the soil sample within the evaporation time in the evaporation dish, calculate the soil water evaporation rate, and generate the soil moisture conservation index based on the soil water holding rate, soil porosity and soil water evaporation rate; The fertility evaluation module is used to randomly dig soil samples of a certain mass in the test area, measure the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and soil pH value in the soil samples, and generate a soil fertility index based on the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and soil pH value; The comprehensive evaluation module is used to divide a number of secondary test areas with the same area as the test area from the soil area to be evaluated, determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index of the secondary test area according to the above steps, normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index of the test area, generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index, and evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

2. A soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The principle for generating the soil erosion prevention index in the erosion prevention evaluation module is as follows: The formula used to generate the soil loss rate is: Among them, E represents the soil loss rate, M represents the soil loss amount, A represents the area of ​​the test area, and T1 represents the slope simulated rainfall test time; The formula used to generate the soil stability index is: Where S represents the soil stability index, W s represents the mass of water-stable aggregates in soil samples, W t Indicates the quality of soil samples; The formula used to generate the vegetation cover is: Among them, P represents vegetation coverage, D p represents the vegetation coverage area of ​​the test area, D t Indicates the area of ​​the test area; The formula for generating the soil erosion index is: Where X represents the soil erosion protection index of the test area.

3. The soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertilization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The principle for generating the soil moisture conservation index in the soil moisture conservation evaluation module is: The formula used to generate soil water holding capacity is: Where C represents soil water holding capacity, M w represents the wet weight of soil, M d It represents the dry weight of soil; The formula used to generate soil porosity is: Where K represents soil porosity, ρ b represents soil bulk density, ρ p Indicates soil particle density; The formula for generating the soil water evaporation rate is: Where F represents the soil water evaporation rate, △M w represents the amount of water lost by soil evaporation, B represents the area of ​​contact between the soil sample and the evaporation dish, and T2 represents the evaporation time; The formula for generating the soil moisture conservation index is: Where Y represents the soil moisture conservation index of the test area.

4. The soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertilization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The principle on which the soil fertility index is generated by the fertility evaluation module is: Among them, Z represents the soil fertility index of the test area, O represents the organic matter content, Q NPK Indicates the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, pH t Indicates the soil pH value, Represents the pH correction factor.

5. The soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertilization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The principle for generating the comprehensive evaluation index in the comprehensive evaluation module is: The formulas for generating normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index are as follows: Among them, X0 represents the normalized soil erosion index, X represents the soil erosion index of the test area, and X min represents the minimum soil erosion index of all test areas and sub-test areas, X max represents the maximum value of soil erosion protection index of all test areas and sub-test areas, Y0 represents the normalized soil moisture conservation index, Y represents the soil moisture conservation index of the test area, and Y min represents the minimum value of soil moisture conservation index of all test areas and sub-test areas, Y max represents the maximum value of soil moisture conservation index of all test areas and sub-test areas, Z0 represents the normalized soil fertility index, Z represents the soil fertility index of the test area, and Z min It represents the minimum value of soil fertility index of all experimental areas and sub-experimental areas, Z max It represents the maximum value of soil fertility index of all experimental areas and sub-experimental areas; The formula used to generate the comprehensive assessment index is: Among them, ∈ represents the comprehensive evaluation index, XYZ i represents the i-th index of the three indices of soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index in the test area after normalization, α i Represents the weight of the i-th index, α1+α2+α3=1, and α1=α2=α3.

6. A soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertilization according to claim 5, characterized in that: The principles for evaluating soil improvement effects in the comprehensive evaluation module are as follows: When 0.8≤∈<1, the soil improvement effect is significant; When 0.4≤∈<0.8, the soil improvement effect is average; When 0<∈<0.4, the soil improvement effect is poor.

7. A soil improvement effect evaluation method based on soil erosion prevention, soil moisture conservation and fertilization, characterized in that: The method is performed by the soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture conservation and fertilization according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the specific steps include: Step 1: A test area is divided from the soil area to be evaluated, and a slope simulated rainfall test is carried out in the test area. The soil loss rate of the test area during the test period is generated based on the amount of soil loss affected by rainfall erosion and the area of ​​the test area. Soil samples of a certain mass are randomly dug in the test area, and the mass of water-stable aggregates is determined by wet sieving method, and a soil stability index is generated. The area of ​​the test area and the vegetation coverage area of ​​the test area are measured to generate the vegetation coverage rate. The soil erosion prevention index is generated based on the soil loss rate, soil stability index and vegetation coverage rate. Step 2: Randomly dig a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, carry out saturated water absorption and drying, generate soil water holding rate based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, generate soil porosity based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples, set the evaporation time, measure the soil evaporation water loss of the soil samples within the evaporation time in the evaporation dish, calculate the soil water evaporation rate, and generate the soil moisture retention index based on the soil water holding rate, soil porosity and soil water evaporation rate; Step 3: Randomly dig soil samples of a certain mass in the test area, measure the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and soil pH value in the soil samples, and generate a soil fertility index based on the organic matter content, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and soil pH value; Step 4: Divide several secondary test areas of the same area as the test area from the soil area to be evaluated, determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index of the secondary test areas according to the above steps, normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index of the test areas, generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture conservation index and soil fertility index, and evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

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