A soil improvement effect evaluation system and method based on soil erosion prevention and soil moisture conservation and fertilization

Abstract

The application provides a soil improvement effect evaluation system and method based on soil erosion prevention and soil moisture conservation and fertilization, and relates to the technical field of soil optimization. The soil erosion prevention index is generated based on the soil loss rate, the soil stability index and the vegetation coverage. The soil moisture conservation index is generated based on the water holding rate, the porosity and the evaporation loss of the soil sample. The soil fertilization index is generated by determining the organic matter, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the pH value. The comprehensive evaluation index is generated by normalizing the indexes through repeated sampling in the secondary test area, so that the soil improvement effect is scientifically and quantitatively evaluated, and the decision basis is provided for soil protection and sustainable agricultural development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, specifically to a soil improvement effect evaluation system and method based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention and fertilization. Background Technology

[0002] Soil is a crucial foundation for agricultural production, and soil health is essential for sustainable agricultural yields and the ecological environment. However, due to the combined effects of natural factors and human activities, problems such as soil erosion, decreased water retention capacity, and nutrient loss are becoming increasingly severe. Soil erosion leads to the loss of soil organic matter and nutrients, affecting crop growth and potentially triggering regional ecological imbalances. Simultaneously, poor soil water retention increases irrigation costs and makes soil more prone to drying and degradation. Furthermore, insufficient organic matter content, nutrient imbalances, or pH deviations from the optimal range in the soil can also restrict the improvement of crop yield and quality. Existing soil improvement technologies often focus on single-dimensional improvements, lacking a comprehensive evaluation across multiple dimensions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method based on the synergy of multi-dimensional indicators to provide a more comprehensive and objective assessment of soil improvement effects.

[0003] In the prior art, CN119228206A discloses a soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization full life cycle benefit assessment and optimization system. This system acquires multi-source soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization full life cycle data streams, constructs a global soil full life cycle benefit assessment model set, collects local soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization full life cycle data streams in the target area, optimizes and obtains a local soil full life cycle benefit assessment model, and performs key factor analysis on the target area based on the local soil full life cycle benefit assessment model to obtain the geometry of key influencing factors of the soil full life cycle, thereby optimizing and managing soil benefits.

[0004] The main problem with the above scheme is that the data analysis on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention and fertilization is not comprehensive enough, and it cannot reflect the soil's ability to prevent erosion, retain moisture and fertilize well, thus affecting the accuracy of the soil improvement effect assessment.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soil improvement effect evaluation system and method based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention and fertilization, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization, specifically including:

[0009] The erosion prevention evaluation module is used to delineate a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulation rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil loss rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of ​​the test area, randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by wet sieving method, and generate soil stability index, measure the area of ​​the test area and the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area to generate vegetation cover rate, and generate soil erosion prevention index based on soil loss rate, soil stability index and vegetation cover rate.

[0010] The soil moisture retention evaluation module is used to randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, and then perform saturation water absorption and drying. Based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, the soil water holding capacity is generated, and based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples, the soil porosity is generated. The evaporation time is set, and the amount of soil water lost by evaporation in the soil sample during the evaporation time is measured in the evaporation dish. The soil moisture evaporation rate is calculated, and the soil moisture retention index is generated based on the soil water holding capacity, soil porosity and soil moisture evaporation rate.

[0011] The soil fertility evaluation module is used to randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value in the soil samples, and generate a soil fertility index based on the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value.

[0012] The comprehensive evaluation module is used to divide the soil area to be evaluated into several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area. Following the steps above, the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the secondary test areas are determined. The soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the test areas are normalized. Based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index, a comprehensive evaluation index is generated. The soil improvement effect is evaluated based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0013] Furthermore, the principle underlying the generation of the soil erosion resistance index is as follows:

[0014] The formula used to calculate the soil loss rate is:

[0015]

[0016] Where E represents the soil loss rate, M represents the amount of soil loss, A represents the area of ​​the test area, and T1 represents the time of the simulated rainfall test on the slope.

[0017] The formula used to generate the soil stability index is:

[0018]

[0019] Where S represents the soil stability index, W s W represents the mass of water-stable aggregates in a soil sample. t Indicates the quality of the soil sample;

[0020] The formula used to generate vegetation cover is:

[0021]

[0022] Where P represents vegetation coverage, and D p D represents the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area. t Indicates the area of ​​the test region;

[0023] The formula used to generate the soil erosion resistance index is:

[0024]

[0025] Where X represents the soil erosion resistance index of the test area.

[0026] Furthermore, the principle underlying the generation of the soil moisture retention index is as follows:

[0027] The formula used to calculate soil water holding capacity is:

[0028]

[0029] Where C represents soil water holding capacity, M w Indicates the wet weight of the soil, M d Indicates the dry weight of the soil;

[0030] The formula used to generate soil porosity is:

[0031]

[0032] Where K represents soil porosity, ρ b ρ represents the bulk density of soil. p Indicates soil particle density;

[0033] The formula used to determine the soil moisture evaporation rate is:

[0034]

[0035] Where F represents the soil moisture evaporation rate, ΔM w T1 represents the amount of water lost through soil evaporation, B represents the area of ​​the soil sample in contact with the evaporation dish, and T2 represents the evaporation time.

[0036] The formula used to generate the soil moisture retention index is:

[0037]

[0038] Where Y represents the soil moisture retention index of the experimental area.

[0039] Furthermore, the principle underlying the generation of the soil fertility index is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Where Z represents the soil fertility index of the experimental area, O represents the organic matter content, and Q represents the soil fertility index of the experimental area. NPK This indicates the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the pH value. t Indicates soil pH value, This indicates the pH correction factor.

[0042] Furthermore, the principle underlying the generation of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:

[0043] The formulas used to generate the normalized soil erosion resistance index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility index are as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Where X0 represents the normalized soil erosion resistance index, X represents the soil erosion resistance index of the experimental area, and X min X represents the minimum soil erosion resistance index across all test areas and sub-test areas. max Y represents the maximum soil erosion resistance index of all experimental areas and sub-experimental areas, Y0 represents the normalized soil moisture retention index, and Y represents the soil moisture retention index of the experimental area. min Y represents the minimum soil moisture retention index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas. max Z0 represents the maximum soil moisture retention index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas, Z0 represents the normalized soil fertility index, and Z represents the soil fertility index of the experimental area. min Z represents the minimum soil fertility index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas. max This represents the maximum soil fertility index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas;

[0046] The formula used to generate the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Where ∈ represents the comprehensive evaluation index, XYZ i α represents the i-th index among the three indices—soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index—of the normalized experimental area. iLet α1 + α2 + α3 = 1, and α1 = α2 = α3.

[0049] Furthermore, the principles underlying the evaluation of soil amendment effectiveness are as follows:

[0050] When 0.8 ≤ ∈ < 1, the soil improvement effect is significant;

[0051] When 0.4 ≤ ∈ < 0.8, the soil improvement effect is generally moderate;

[0052] When 0 < ∈ < 0.4, the soil improvement effect is poor.

[0053] This invention also provides a method for evaluating the soil improvement effect based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization. The method is executed by the aforementioned soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization, and the specific steps include:

[0054] Step 1: Delineate a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulation rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil loss rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of ​​the test area, randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by wet sieving method, and generate the soil stability index, measure the area of ​​the test area and the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area, generate the vegetation cover rate, and generate the soil erosion resistance index based on the soil loss rate, soil stability index and vegetation cover rate.

[0055] Step 2: Randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples from the test area, and subject them to saturation water absorption and drying. Calculate the soil water holding capacity based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, and calculate the soil porosity based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density. Set the evaporation time, measure the amount of water lost by soil evaporation in the evaporation dish during the evaporation time, and calculate the soil moisture evaporation rate. Calculate the soil moisture retention index based on the soil water holding capacity, soil porosity, and soil moisture evaporation rate.

[0056] Step 3: Randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, and determine the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value in the soil samples. Based on the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value, generate the soil fertility index.

[0057] Step 4: Divide the soil area to be evaluated into several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area. Determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the secondary test areas according to the above steps. Normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the test areas. Generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index. Evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0059] This invention generates a soil erosion resistance index by measuring soil loss rate, soil stability index, and vegetation cover rate. By comprehensively considering multiple indicators, it fully reflects the physical stability of soil erosion and the ecological protection role of vegetation cover, making it closer to real-world scenarios and possessing scientific rigor and comprehensiveness. By combining physical properties including porosity and bulk density, and moisture characteristics including water holding capacity and evaporation rate, it can deeply reveal the comprehensive impact of soil structure on water retention, thus overcoming the shortcomings of single-factor assessments in existing technologies. It can more accurately assess the soil's water retention capacity under actual climatic conditions. By combining water holding capacity and evaporation rate, it can not only assess the soil's water storage capacity but also quantify its drought resistance, providing more targeted guidance for the design and optimization of soil improvement measures in actual agricultural production. Furthermore, by integrating organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and pH value, it covers the main dimensions of soil fertility levels, providing a more scientific assessment of the soil's comprehensive fertility improvement capacity.

[0060] This invention also integrates erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization into a quantitative result. Compared with traditional assessment methods that only focus on one aspect or use a single indicator, it comprehensively reflects the overall effect of soil improvement and avoids the one-sidedness that may exist with a single indicator. Through normalization, this step ensures that each indicator is calculated comprehensively under a unified standard, making the assessment results more scientific and operable. The generated comprehensive assessment index can quantify the differences in the effects of different regions and improvement measures, helping assessors to quickly locate the shortcomings of improvement and the direction of optimization, and ensuring accurate assessment and guidance of soil improvement effects. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system modules in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0064] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0065] Example:

[0066] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0067] A soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization includes the following steps:

[0068] The erosion prevention evaluation module is used to delineate a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulation rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil loss rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of ​​the test area, randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by wet sieving method, and generate soil stability index, measure the area of ​​the test area and the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area to generate vegetation cover rate, and generate soil erosion prevention index based on soil loss rate, soil stability index and vegetation cover rate.

[0069] In this embodiment, the principle underlying the generation of the soil erosion resistance index is as follows:

[0070] The formula used to calculate the soil loss rate is:

[0071]

[0072] Where E represents the soil loss rate, M represents the amount of soil loss, A represents the area of ​​the test area, and T1 represents the time of the simulated rainfall test on the slope.

[0073] A slope-simulated rainfall device was installed above the test area to conduct a slope-simulated rainfall test, ensuring that the device could cover the entire test area. Meteorological data at the test area location were collected to determine the rainfall intensity. Rainfall was then applied to the test area. A sediment collection device was set up at the bottom of the slope to collect the sediment and runoff carried away by the water flow during the rainfall. The collected sediment and runoff were separated by sedimentation, and the dry weight of the sediment was measured, which is the soil loss rate. The soil loss rate reflects the soil's resistance to erosion, and the soil loss rate is inversely proportional to the erosion resistance.

[0074] The formula used to generate the soil stability index is:

[0075]

[0076] Where S represents the soil stability index, W s W represents the mass of water-stable aggregates in a soil sample. t Indicates the quality of the soil sample;

[0077] The mass of water-stable aggregates was determined by wet sieving. Topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from different points in the experimental area. Roots, stones, and other impurities were removed. The soil was then dry-sieved using sieves of different apertures (5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, and 0.5 mm) to obtain soil aggregates of different sizes. Soil aggregates of 1 mm to 2 mm in size were selected and weighed to obtain W. t The soil particles were soaked in water for 30 minutes, then slowly vibrated and sieved using a wet sieve device to simulate the impact of rainwater on the soil particles. The separated soil particles were collected, dried, and weighed to obtain W. s Soil stability reflects the ability of soil particles to resist disintegration under hydrodynamic forces. The lower the stability, the easier it is for the soil to break down into fine particles, resulting in more severe soil erosion.

[0078] The formula used to generate vegetation cover is:

[0079]

[0080] Where P represents vegetation coverage, and D p D represents the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area. t Indicates the area of ​​the test region;

[0081] The formula used to generate the soil erosion resistance index is:

[0082]

[0083] Where X represents the soil erosion resistance index of the test area.

[0084] The soil erosion resistance index reflects the soil's resistance to erosion and demonstrates the soil's improvement effect in erosion prevention. The stronger the soil stability index, the stronger the cohesion of soil particles, the more stable the soil structure, and the less susceptible it is to erosion. Therefore, the soil stability index and the soil erosion resistance index are directly proportional. Vegetation can slow down surface runoff and fix soil particles, thereby inhibiting soil erosion. Therefore, vegetation coverage is directly proportional to the soil erosion resistance index. The soil loss rate reflects the amount of soil loss. The greater the soil loss rate, the more susceptible the soil is to erosion. Therefore, the soil loss rate is inversely proportional to the soil erosion resistance index.

[0085] The soil moisture retention evaluation module is used to randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, weigh them, and then dry them. Based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, the soil water holding capacity is generated, and based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples, the soil porosity is generated. The evaporation time is set, and the amount of soil water lost by evaporation in the soil sample during the evaporation time is measured in the evaporation dish. The soil moisture evaporation rate is calculated, and the soil moisture retention index is generated based on the soil water holding capacity, soil porosity, and soil moisture evaporation rate.

[0086] In this embodiment, the principle underlying the generation of the soil moisture retention index is as follows:

[0087] The formula used to calculate soil water holding capacity is:

[0088]

[0089] Where C represents soil water holding capacity, M w Indicates the wet weight of the soil, M d Indicates the dry weight of the soil;

[0090] The collected soil samples were weighed to generate the soil wet weight M. w The soil sample was dried to constant weight to obtain soil dry weight M. d Then M w -M d Soil water holding capacity is the ratio of the water mass in a soil sample to the dry soil mass, reflecting the soil's ability to store and retain moisture.

[0091] The formula used to generate soil porosity is:

[0092]

[0093] Where K represents soil porosity, ρ b ρ represents the bulk density of soil. p Indicates soil particle density;

[0094] Take a soil sample of known volume, dry it to constant weight, and calculate the soil bulk density using the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] Where, ρ b V represents the soil bulk density, and V represents the soil sample volume.

[0097] Soil particle density is determined using the specific gravity bottle method. Soil bulk density represents the dry weight of a certain volume of soil, while soil particle density represents the mass of soil particles per unit volume. The ratio of the two represents the proportion of solid particles in the total volume of the soil. Subtracting this proportion yields the pore portion composed of both liquid and gas phases. The greater the soil porosity, the more pore space there is, and the looser the soil, which is more conducive to increasing the soil's water retention capacity.

[0098] The formula used to determine the soil moisture evaporation rate is:

[0099]

[0100] Where F represents the soil moisture evaporation rate, ΔM w T1 represents the amount of water lost through soil evaporation, B represents the area of ​​the soil sample in contact with the evaporation dish, and T2 represents the evaporation time.

[0101] A certain amount of soil sample is placed in an evaporating dish, and the initial weight including the evaporating dish and the soil sample is weighed. The evaporation time is set, and a constant temperature and humidity evaporation environment is set based on the ambient temperature and humidity of the soil area to be evaluated. After evaporation, the final weight of the sample is weighed. The soil evaporation water loss = initial weight - final weight. Evaporation is mainly a water vapor diffusion process that occurs after the soil surface comes into contact with the air. The evaporation rate is related to the area of ​​the soil in contact with the air. The soil moisture evaporation rate reflects the amount of water evaporated from the soil per unit time. The higher the soil moisture evaporation rate, the weaker the soil moisture retention capacity.

[0102] The formula used to generate the soil moisture retention index is:

[0103]

[0104] Where Y represents the soil moisture retention index of the experimental area.

[0105] The soil moisture retention index reflects the comprehensive effect of soil in reducing water evaporation and maintaining soil moisture content in a real environment. Soil water holding capacity refers to the percentage of water contained in a unit mass or volume of soil, used to represent the soil's ability to store water. The higher the soil water holding capacity, the more water the soil can store under the same precipitation conditions, thus exhibiting a better moisture retention effect. Therefore, soil water holding capacity is directly proportional to the soil moisture retention index. Soil water evaporation rate represents the amount of water evaporated from the soil per unit time. The lower the rate (F), the slower the soil water evaporation and the stronger the moisture retention capacity. Soil water evaporation rate is inversely proportional to the soil moisture retention index. Higher porosity means that there is more space in the soil to store water, and it can also ensure the uniform distribution of water within the soil, thereby extending the water use time and increasing the moisture retention capacity. Soil porosity is directly proportional to the soil moisture retention index.

[0106] The soil fertility evaluation module is used to randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value in the soil samples, and generate a soil fertility index based on the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value.

[0107] In this embodiment, the content of soil organic matter was determined by potassium dichromate oxidation. The soil sample was dried at 105°C and titrated with ferrous ammonium sulfate solution to calculate the amount of organic matter oxidized. The soil sample was reacted with an alkaline solution and then distilled. The distillate was collected and titrated with sulfuric acid to calculate the nitrogen concentration. Available phosphorus in the soil was extracted using sodium bicarbonate solution, and the phosphorus concentration was determined by spectrophotometer. Available potassium in the soil was extracted using ammonium acetate solution, and the potassium concentration was determined by flame photometer. The total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content was obtained by summing the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations.

[0108] In this embodiment, the principle underlying the generation of the soil fertility index is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] Where Z represents the soil fertility index of the experimental area, O represents the organic matter content, and Q represents the soil fertility index of the experimental area. NPK This indicates the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the pH value. t Indicates soil pH value, This indicates the pH correction factor.

[0111] Soil organic matter is one of the core indicators of soil fertility and its main source. It is positively correlated with soil fertility improvement; the higher the organic matter content, the better the soil fertility improvement effect. The total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium directly reflects the soil's ability to provide nutrients in the short term. The higher the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the stronger the soil fertility. However, the contribution of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content exhibits a diminishing marginal effect. At low contents, their effect on improving soil fertility is significant, but after reaching a certain level, the increase in content weakens. Therefore, a logarithmic function is used to represent the relationship between the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and the soil fertility index. This represents a pH correction factor, which uses a Gaussian distribution to correct the effect of pH on soil fertility. t When the pH value is 6.5, the pH correction factor reaches its maximum value of 1, indicating that the soil fertility is not limited under the most suitable acidity or alkalinity. When the pH value deviates from 6.5, the correction factor gradually decreases, and both acidity and alkalinity weaken the fertility.

[0112] The comprehensive evaluation module is used to divide the soil area to be evaluated into several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area. Following the steps above, the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the secondary test areas are determined. The soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the test areas are normalized. Based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index, a comprehensive evaluation index is generated. The soil improvement effect is evaluated based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0113] In this embodiment, the principle underlying the generation of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:

[0114] The formulas used to generate the normalized soil erosion resistance index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility index are as follows:

[0115]

[0116] Where X0 represents the normalized soil erosion resistance index, X represents the soil erosion resistance index of the experimental area, and X min X represents the minimum soil erosion resistance index across all test areas and sub-test areas. max Y represents the maximum soil erosion resistance index of all experimental areas and sub-experimental areas, Y0 represents the normalized soil moisture retention index, and Y represents the soil moisture retention index of the experimental area. min Y represents the minimum soil moisture retention index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas. max Z0 represents the maximum soil moisture retention index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas, Z0 represents the normalized soil fertility index, and Z represents the soil fertility index of the experimental area. min Z represents the minimum soil fertility index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas. maxThis represents the maximum soil fertility index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas;

[0117] The formula used to generate the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows:

[0118]

[0119] Where ∈ represents the comprehensive evaluation index, XYZ i α represents the i-th index among the three indices—soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index—of the normalized experimental area. i Let α1 + α2 + α3 = 1, and α1 = α2 = α3.

[0120] The geometric mean method is used to synthesize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index. This approach is suitable for scenarios where multiple indicators are highly correlated. By combining the indicators through a product, the impact of a low value for a particular indicator on the product is amplified. In this scheme, considering the soil's performance in erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertility improvement, the initial weights are all set to [value missing]. The calculated ∈ is the comprehensive evaluation index of the test area, which is used to reflect the soil erosion prevention, moisture retention and fertilization performance of the entire soil area to be evaluated.

[0121] The principles underlying the evaluation of soil amendment effectiveness are:

[0122] When 0.8 ≤ ∈ < 1, the soil improvement effect is significant;

[0123] When 0.4 ≤ ∈ < 0.8, the soil improvement effect is generally moderate;

[0124] When 0 < ∈ < 0.4, the soil improvement effect is poor.

[0125] The final calculated comprehensive evaluation index ranges from 0 to 1. The higher the comprehensive evaluation index, the better its comprehensive effect on corrosion prevention, moisture retention and fertilization. When 0.8 ≤ ∈ < 1, it indicates that all indicators are performing well, the overall soil quality has been significantly improved, the improvement measures have achieved the expected goals, and the existing improvement measures can be maintained, with regular monitoring and maintenance of soil quality. When 0.4 ≤ ∈ < 0.8, it indicates that the improvement measures are effective in some aspects of the three indicators, but the overall effect is limited. It is necessary to analyze which aspect is insufficient. If the soil's erosion resistance is insufficient, measures such as increasing vegetation cover, reducing the area of ​​exposed soil, or optimizing the terrain design can be taken. If the soil's moisture retention effect is poor, measures such as adjusting the irrigation method, adopting water-saving technologies such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, or increasing soil cover can be taken. If the soil's fertility capacity is insufficient, measures such as increasing the application of organic fertilizer or introducing green manure plants can be taken. When 0 < ∈ < 0.4, it indicates that the current improvement plan cannot effectively improve soil quality, and may lack scientific basis or insufficient implementation. New technologies can be introduced, such as deep tillage improvement, adding soil conditioners, and planting resistant plants.

[0126] Please see Figure 2 The present invention also provides a method for evaluating the soil improvement effect based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization. The method is executed by the aforementioned soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization, and the specific steps include:

[0127] Step 1: Delineate a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulation rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil loss rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of ​​the test area, randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by wet sieving method, and generate the soil stability index, measure the area of ​​the test area and the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area, generate the vegetation cover rate, and generate the soil erosion resistance index based on the soil loss rate, soil stability index and vegetation cover rate.

[0128] Step 2: Randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples from the test area, and subject them to saturation water absorption and drying. Calculate the soil water holding capacity based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, and calculate the soil porosity based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density. Set the evaporation time, measure the amount of water lost by soil evaporation in the evaporation dish during the evaporation time, and calculate the soil moisture evaporation rate. Calculate the soil moisture retention index based on the soil water holding capacity, soil porosity, and soil moisture evaporation rate.

[0129] Step 3: Randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, and determine the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value in the soil samples. Based on the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value, generate the soil fertility index.

[0130] Step 4: Divide the soil area to be evaluated into several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area. Determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the secondary test areas according to the above steps. Normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the test areas. Generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index. Evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0131] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0132] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0133] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0134] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: The erosion prevention evaluation module is used to delineate a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulation rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil loss rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of ​​the test area, randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by wet sieving method, and generate soil stability index, measure the area of ​​the test area and the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area to generate vegetation cover rate, and generate soil erosion prevention index based on soil loss rate, soil stability index and vegetation cover rate. The soil moisture retention evaluation module is used to randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, and then perform saturation water absorption and drying. Based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, the soil water holding capacity is generated, and based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density of the soil samples, the soil porosity is generated. The evaporation time is set, and the amount of soil water lost by evaporation in the soil sample during the evaporation time is measured in the evaporation dish. The soil moisture evaporation rate is calculated, and the soil moisture retention index is generated based on the soil water holding capacity, soil porosity and soil moisture evaporation rate. The soil fertility evaluation module is used to randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value in the soil samples, and generate a soil fertility index based on the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value. The comprehensive evaluation module is used to divide the soil area to be evaluated into several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area. The soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index and soil fertility improvement index of the secondary test areas are determined according to the above steps. The soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index and soil fertility improvement index of the test area are normalized. The comprehensive evaluation index is generated based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index and soil fertility improvement index. The soil improvement effect is evaluated based on the comprehensive evaluation index. The principle underlying the generation of the soil erosion resistance index is as follows: The formula used to calculate the soil loss rate is: in, Indicates the rate of soil loss. Indicates soil loss. Indicates the area of ​​the test area. Indicates the duration of the slope simulated rainfall test; The formula used to generate the soil stability index is: in, This represents the soil stability index. This indicates the mass of water-stable aggregates in a soil sample. Indicates the quality of the soil sample; The formula used to generate vegetation cover is: in, Indicates vegetation coverage. This indicates the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area. Indicates the area of ​​the test region; The formula used to generate the soil erosion resistance index is: in, This indicates the soil erosion resistance index of the test area; The principle underlying the generation of the soil moisture retention index is as follows: The formula used to calculate soil water holding capacity is: in, Indicates soil water holding capacity. Indicates the wet weight of the soil. Indicates the dry weight of the soil; The formula used to generate soil porosity is: in, Indicates soil porosity. Indicates soil bulk density. Indicates soil particle density; The formula used to determine the soil moisture evaporation rate is: in, Indicates the rate of soil moisture evaporation. This indicates the amount of water lost through soil evaporation. This indicates the area of ​​contact between the soil sample and the evaporating dish. Indicates evaporation time; The formula used to generate the soil moisture retention index is: in, Indicates the soil moisture retention index of the test area; The principle underlying the generation of the soil fertility index is as follows: in, Indicates the soil fertility index of the test area. Indicates organic matter content, This indicates the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Indicates soil pH value, Indicates pH correction factor; The principle underlying the generation of the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows: The formulas used to generate the normalized soil erosion resistance index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility index are as follows: in, This represents the normalized soil erosion resistance index. This indicates the soil erosion resistance index of the test area. This represents the minimum soil erosion resistance index across all test areas and sub-test areas. This represents the maximum value of the soil erosion resistance index across all test areas and sub-test areas. The soil moisture retention index represents the normalized soil moisture retention index. Indicates the soil moisture retention index of the test area. This represents the minimum soil moisture retention index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas. This represents the maximum soil moisture retention index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas. The normalized soil fertility index, Indicates the soil fertility index of the test area. This represents the minimum soil fertility index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas. This represents the maximum soil fertility index across all experimental and sub-experimental areas; The formula used to generate the comprehensive evaluation index is as follows: in, This represents the comprehensive evaluation index. This represents the third of the three indices—soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index—in the normalized experimental area. One index Indicates the first The weights of each index, ,and .

2. The soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The principle underlying the evaluation of soil improvement effects in the comprehensive evaluation module is as follows: when At that time, the soil improvement effect was significant; when At that time, the soil improvement effect was generally poor; when At that time, the soil improvement effect was poor.

3. A method for evaluating the soil improvement effect based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention, and fertilization, characterized in that: The method is performed by the soil improvement effect evaluation system based on soil erosion prevention, moisture retention and fertilization as described in any one of claims 1-2, and the specific steps include: Step 1: Delineate a test area from the soil area to be evaluated, conduct a slope simulation rainfall test in the test area, generate the soil loss rate of the test area during the test time based on the soil loss amount affected by rainfall erosion and the area of ​​the test area, randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, determine the mass of water-stable aggregates by wet sieving method, and generate the soil stability index, measure the area of ​​the test area and the vegetation cover area of ​​the test area, generate the vegetation cover rate, and generate the soil erosion resistance index based on the soil loss rate, soil stability index and vegetation cover rate. Step 2: Randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples from the test area, and subject them to saturation water absorption and drying. Calculate the soil water holding capacity based on the wet weight and dry weight of the soil samples, and calculate the soil porosity based on the soil bulk density and soil particle density. Set the evaporation time, measure the amount of water lost by soil evaporation in the evaporation dish during the evaporation time, and calculate the soil moisture evaporation rate. Calculate the soil moisture retention index based on the soil water holding capacity, soil porosity, and soil moisture evaporation rate. Step 3: Randomly excavate a certain mass of soil samples in the test area, and determine the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value in the soil samples. Based on the organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and soil pH value, generate the soil fertility index. Step 4: Divide the soil area to be evaluated into several secondary test areas with the same area as the test area. Determine the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the secondary test areas according to the above steps. Normalize the soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index of the test areas. Generate a comprehensive evaluation index based on the normalized soil erosion prevention index, soil moisture retention index, and soil fertility improvement index. Evaluate the soil improvement effect based on the comprehensive evaluation index.

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