AnyLogic-based port container ship sleeve mooring hot connection simulation research system

Abstract

The invention provides an AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot joining simulation research system, and the operation process of the system comprises the following steps: a next ship at the same berth enters a port entry channel in advance when a previous ship is about to leave the berth; the ship speed of the ship entering the port and the operation speed of the berth ship are controlled, and when the previous ship leaves the berth, the next ship can be seamlessly connected and berthed; an AnyLogic discrete event system is utilized to establish a port container ship entering and leaving simulation model; the simulation model comprises a ship arrival module, an anchor ground waiting module, a ship scheduling module, a channel scheduling module, a berth working module and a data export module. A Qinzhou port container wharf sleeve berth hot connection simulation system is established, and compared with an existing scheduling mode, the overall efficiency improvement range is quantitatively compared and analyzed; reference and basis are provided for a port management department to make related decisions, and the overall efficiency of a port is improved. And the ship queuing condition is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship scheduling, and particularly to a simulation research system for the tandem berthing hot swap of port container ships based on AnyLogic. Background Art

[0002] The cargo throughput of some ports continues to show an increasing trend. With the gradual increase in container ships, higher requirements are put forward for improving the operating efficiency of ports and berths. Reducing the waiting time of container ships and increasing the utilization rate of container berths have become two key goals for improving port service efficiency. Under the existing ship in-and-out port scheduling mode, the waiting time of container ships shows a gradually increasing trend, making it increasingly difficult to meet the actual needs, resulting in problems such as anchor berth congestion and a decline in the overall port efficiency.

[0003] The "tandem berthing hot swap" scheduling mode means that when the ship at berth is about to complete its operation, the subsequent ship enters the waterway in advance. When it arrives at the berth, the previous ship just finishes its operation and leaves the berth. This new scheduling mode can effectively shorten the ship waiting time and improve the berth utilization rate. However, there has been no effective quantitative analysis of the improvement of port efficiency in this mode, and port management departments lack corresponding decision-making basis.

[0004] Simulation technology is widely used in the field of waterway transportation, generally involving multiple links such as waterways, locks, and port scheduling. The passing capacity of a port waterway is a key manifestation of the core competitiveness of a port and is also one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of large ports. To address this issue, existing technologies can use the SIMIO simulation platform to establish a simulation model of the Tianjin Port waterway system and compare the passing capacities of two-way waterways and compound waterways. The passing capacity obtained from this research is the theoretical passing capacity of the waterway, and it is necessary to further consider restricted navigation factors such as bad weather and temporary traffic control to be more applicable to actual engineering problems. On the other hand, the cellular automaton theory can be used to discretely model the main waterway for ships entering and leaving the port, and by means of setting up a "warning area" in the curved section to restrict the ship movement rules, the ship flow rate of the waterway and the maximum ship passing capacity of the waterway are obtained from this simulation experiment. However, there are problems in the existing technology such as the inconsistency between the waterway simulation data and the actual data and low simulation accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulation research system for the tandem berthing hot swap of port container ships based on AnyLogic, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background art. The present invention uses AnyLogic simulation software to establish a "tandem berthing hot swap" simulation system for the Qinzhou Port container terminal, quantitatively compare and analyze the improvement amplitude of the overall efficiency compared with the existing scheduling mode, and provide reference and basis for port management departments to make relevant decisions.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A simulation research system for the hot connection of port container ships based on AnyLogic. The operation process of this system includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: When the next ship at the same berth is about to leave the berth, it enters the approach channel in advance.

[0008] Step 2: Control the ship speed of the incoming ship and the operation rate of the berth ship.

[0009] Step 3: Use the AnyLogic discrete event system to establish a simulation model for the entry and exit of port container ships.

[0010] Step 4: The simulation model in Step 3 includes a ship arrival module, an anchorage waiting module, a ship scheduling module, a channel scheduling module, a berth operation module, and a data export module.

[0011] Further, in Step 2, when the previous ship leaves the berth, the next ship can dock seamlessly.

[0012] Further, when container ships arrive at the port, if there are no available berths, they will wait in the anchorage.

[0013] Further, the multiple modules in Step 4 together constitute the simulation of the port ship operation process, which is used to help analyze and optimize port operations.

[0014] Further, it also includes the simulation process of the system for the entry and exit of port container ships: Randomly generate arriving container ships according to historical ship arrival rate data. The arrival time interval of the ships follows a Poisson distribution, and the simulation model adopts the first-come, first-served principle.

[0015] Further, when deciding whether to enter the port, the anchored ship needs to consider the navigation restriction conditions.

[0016] Further, judge whether to enter the channel according to the remaining operation time of the previous ship at the berth.

[0017] Further, analyze the output data after the simulation is completed.

[0018] Further, the output data mainly includes the waiting time of container ships in the anchorage, the anchorage queue length, and the berth operation time.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention:

[0020] 1. In the AnyLogic-based simulation research system for the hot swapping of port container ships, gradually increasing the proportion of the "hot swapping" mode to 60% can significantly reduce the waiting time. Moreover, the larger the ship arrival volume, the greater the decrease in the waiting time. When the proportion of the "hot swapping" mode increases from 60% to 100%, the waiting time at the anchorage also decreases.

[0021] 2. Under the current port traffic conditions, implementing the "hot swapping" scheduling mode for all incoming container ships in the present invention can reduce the waiting time at the anchorage, improve the overall efficiency of the port, reduce the occurrence of ship queuing, and decrease the number of ships encountering congestion.

[0022] 3. The AnyLogic-based simulation research system for the hot swapping of port container ships improves the threshold of the number of ships served by the port by shortening the connection time between consecutive ships within the same berth. On the premise that the port infrastructure remains unchanged, the optimal port service level and the limit service level are improved. The more ships arrive, the greater the improvement in the port service efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of "hot swapping" at Qinzhou Port in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a simulation flow chart of the incoming and outgoing container ships of the AnyLogic-based simulation research system for the hot swapping of port container ships in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a distribution and fitting diagram of the average waiting time under two scheduling modes in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is the change trend of the average waiting time of ships under two scheduling modes in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a distribution diagram of the anchorage traffic state under two modes in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a change trend diagram of the berth utilization rate under two modes in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a change trend diagram of the port service level index under different ship numbers in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a change trend diagram of the maximum waiting time under different ship numbers in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 It is a change trend diagram of the average waiting time when two scheduling modes coexist in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation manners.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a simulation research system for the hot connection of container ships berthing side by side at a port based on AnyLogic. In this embodiment, the container terminal of Qinzhou Port is provided to illustrate the simulation system of the present invention, and the "hot connection of berthing side by side" simulation system of the container terminal of Qinzhou Port is established by using AnyLogic simulation software, and the improvement amplitude of the overall efficiency is quantitatively compared and analyzed with the existing scheduling mode.

[0034] The specific process of the "hot connection of berthing side by side" ship scheduling of container ships at Qinzhou Port is as follows: When the next ship at the same berth is about to leave the berth, it enters the approach channel in advance. By controlling the ship speed of the incoming ship and the operation rate of the ship at the berth, when the previous ship leaves the berth, the next ship can dock seamlessly. In this section, a simulation model of the ship scheduling of container ships at Qinzhou Port is established for the above process, and a quantitative comparison is made with the existing incoming ship scheduling mode.

[0035] As Figure 1 shown, when container ships arrive at the port, if there are no available berths, they will wait at the anchorage. According to historical data, most container ships choose to anchor at Outer Anchorage No. 1 and then enter the berth from the East Channel of Qinzhou Bay, with a single voyage of about 2 hours. The port channel is closed for 170 hours due to low visibility and 420 hours due to strong winds.

[0036] 1.2 Construction of the AnyLogic simulation model

[0037] The process of container ships entering and leaving the port is a traffic system composed of a series of continuous changes. By using the AnyLogic discrete event system, the simulation model of container ships entering and leaving the port of Qinzhou Port established is as Figure 2 shown. The model mainly includes the following modules: 1) Ship arrival module; 2) Anchorage waiting module; 3) Ship scheduling module; 4) Channel scheduling module; 5) Berth working module; 6) Data export module. These modules together constitute the simulation of the ship operation process at Qinzhou Port, helping to analyze and optimize the port operation.

[0038] First, arrival container ships are randomly generated according to historical ship arrival rate data, and the time intervals between ship arrivals follow a Poisson distribution. According to the current regulations of Qinzhou Port, the simulation model adopts the First Come First Served (FCFS) principle. Subsequently, when deciding whether a ship can enter the port, the anchored ship needs to consider navigation restrictions. First, for safety reasons, ships should avoid waiting at the berth as much as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to judge whether to enter the waterway based on the remaining operation time of the previous ship at the berth. Second, bad weather may cause the waterway to close, and this situation is also considered in the simulation model. According to historical data, there is no obvious correlation between the berth operation time and the ship tonnage, and it follows a normal distribution, with an average service time of 12.80 h and a standard deviation of 5.66 h. After the simulation is completed, the output data needs to be analyzed. The output data mainly includes the waiting time of container ships at the anchorage, the anchorage queue length, the berth operation time, etc.

[0039] This embodiment also provides an analysis of the experimental results of the above simulation system, and the analysis content is as follows:

[0040] 2.1 Simulation experiment results and analysis of the existing number of ships

[0041] First, a simulation is carried out based on the historical data of container ships at Qinzhou Port in 2022, and the accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the real data. In 2022, 4379 container ships arrived at Qinzhou Port. Based on this data, the expected value of the time interval between ship arrivals at a single berth is set to 18.7 h, and a total of 4400 container ships arrived at the port within a year, which is basically consistent with the actual situation.

[0042] The fitting results of the average waiting time distribution at the anchorage and the exponential distribution under the existing scheduling mode obtained by the simulation are as Figure 3 shown in a. It can be seen from the historical data that the average waiting time of container ships at the anchorage is about 5.6 h, while the result of the simulation experiment is 5.44 h, and the relative error is 2.86%. This shows that the simulation can accurately reflect the actual operation of container ships at Qinzhou Port to a great extent.

[0043] To study the efficiency difference between "hot tandem berthing" and the existing scheduling mode, based on the data of ships arriving at Qinzhou Port in 2022, a simulation analysis of various index data under the two scheduling modes is carried out. Under the "hot tandem berthing" mode, the average waiting time of container ships is as Figure 3As shown in Figure b. The average waiting time in the "berthing-in-series hot connection" mode is 2.68 h, which is 2.76 h shorter than the existing mode. The cumulative waiting time is reduced by 12,144 h within one-year simulation cycle. And the number of ships with waiting time greater than 5 h is significantly less than that in the existing scheduling mode. In addition, as can be seen from Table 1, after implementing the "berthing-in-series hot connection" scheduling mode, the maximum waiting time of ships is reduced from 43.2 h to 32.5 h, and the port service index is optimized from 0.41 to 0.2. In summary, compared with the existing scheduling mode, the "berthing-in-series hot connection" mode can significantly reduce the waiting time of ships, relieve port congestion and improve port service level.

[0044] Table 1: Comparison of metrics between the two scheduling models

[0045]

[0046] 2.2 Simulation results and analysis of increasing arriving ships

[0047] Qinzhou Port is in a period of rapid development, and the number of container ships arriving at the port in the future will continue to increase. By changing the arrival time interval of container ships, the changes of various indicators of the two scheduling modes are simulated under the condition of gradually increasing the number of container ships. In order to consider the randomness of the simulation, each simulation runs randomly 10 times, and the results are as Figure 4 shown.

[0048] From Figure 4 it can be seen that as the number of arriving ships increases, the average waiting time also gradually increases. When the number of ships is small, the average waiting time increases slowly. After the number of ships reaches a certain threshold, the average waiting time increases rapidly, indicating that the port congestion is serious at this time. When the annual arrival volume of a single berth is 490 ship-times, the average waiting time of the existing scheduling mode is about 19 h, while that of the "berthing-in-series hot connection" mode is only 3.7 h, which is much lower than the existing scheduling mode.

[0049] The queuing length of container ships can directly reflect the traffic congestion state. In this case, a queuing length of 1 indicates that there are two ships waiting for the same berth in the anchorage, which is regarded as a congestion situation. And when more than 3 ships are waiting in the anchorage for the same berth, it is regarded as a serious congestion. As can be seen from Figure 5 Figure a, under the traditional ship scheduling method, the port congestion situation deteriorates continuously with the increase of arriving ships. When the annual ship arrival volume of a single berth is 480 ships, 40% of the arriving ships encounter congestion, and 15% of the ships encounter serious congestion. However, in the "berthing-in-series hot connection" mode, Figure 5 the congestion problem in Figure b is greatly improved, and the probability of ships encountering congestion in the anchorage drops below 5%.

[0050] Figure 6The figure shows the change of berth utilization rate with the increase in the number of ships under two modes. When the number of ships is less than 500, there is no obvious difference in the berth utilization rate between the two modes. The main reason is that when the waiting time of ships is small, the overall service time of the berth has a very weak correlation with the number of arriving ships. When the number of ships exceeds 500, the berth utilization rate of the existing scheduling mode no longer increases. The main reason is that the arriving ships exceed the port service capacity, and the long waiting time of a large number of ships leads to an upper limit of the berth utilization rate. However, the berth utilization rate of the "hot tandem mooring" scheduling mode is still rising continuously and finally reaches about 95%. The reason why the berth utilization rate does not increase further is the randomness of arriving ships. When the number of arriving ships is small during a certain period, the berth has to be idle. Generally speaking, the "hot tandem mooring" mode can increase the upper limit of the berth utilization rate from 80% to about 95%.

[0051] From the above analysis, it can be seen that the "hot tandem mooring" scheduling mode can increase the threshold of the number of serviced ships, thereby further improving the berth utilization rate of the port. To quantify the difference in the port service threshold, the changes in the port service level indicators AWT / AST and the maximum waiting time under different numbers of ships are as Figure 7 shown. AWT / AST is widely used internationally as an indicator to evaluate the terminal service level. AWT represents the average waiting time of ships, and AST represents the berthing time of ships at the berth. As Figure 7 shown, the annual optimal number of serviced ships for a single berth under the existing scheduling mode is about 455 voyages, while that under the "hot tandem mooring" scheduling mode is close to 530 voyages.

[0052] Figure 8 The figure shows the change trend of the maximum waiting time with the increase in the number of ships. When the number of ships exceeds the service threshold of the current scheduling mode, the maximum waiting time will increase rapidly. Under the existing scheduling mode, the annual service threshold of a single berth is about 470 voyages, while under the "hot tandem mooring" scheduling mode, it is 560 voyages. To sum up, under the same port traffic conditions, compared with the existing scheduling mode, the "hot tandem mooring" scheduling mode increases the optimal number of serviced ships by 16.5% and the annual service threshold of ships by 19.1%.

[0053] 2.3 Simulation Results and Analysis under the Hybrid of Two Scheduling Modes

[0054] After the "hot tandem mooring" mode is implemented in the port, when ships arrive at the berth waters too early, they may wait for a period of time. When the water flow velocity is high, the visibility is not good enough or other adverse navigation environments occur, this may bring additional risks. Therefore, in reality, in Qinzhou Port, a part of the ships at the same berth are usually arranged in the "hot tandem mooring" mode, while the rest of the ships are arranged in the existing scheduling mode. The change trend of the average waiting time when the two scheduling modes coexist is as Figure 9 shown.

[0055] It can be seen from Figure 9 that under the existing scheduling mode, the waiting time at the anchorage is relatively long. Gradually increasing the proportion of the "hot connection during berthing" mode to 60% can significantly reduce the waiting time, and the larger the ship arrival volume, the greater the decline in the waiting time. When the proportion of the "hot connection during berthing" mode increases from 60% to 100%, the anchorage waiting time also decreases, but the decline rate slows down.

[0056] In this embodiment, by comparing and analyzing the simulation results of the existing scheduling mode and the "hot connection during berthing" scheduling mode provided in the simulation system of the present invention, the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0057] (1) Under the current port traffic conditions, implementing the "hot connection during berthing" scheduling mode for all incoming container ships can reduce the anchorage waiting time from 5.44 h to 2.68 h, improving the overall efficiency of the port.

[0058] (2) Implementing the "hot connection during berthing" scheduling mode can reduce the occurrence of ship queuing, and the number of ships encountering congestion can be reduced from 40% to less than 5%.

[0059] (3) The "hot connection during berthing" scheduling mode improves the threshold of the number of ships served by the port by shortening the connection time between consecutive ships within the same berth. On the premise that the port infrastructure remains unchanged, the optimal port service level is increased by 16.5%, and the limit service level is increased by 19.5%.

[0060] (4) Considering that the "hot connection during berthing" scheduling mode will bring additional safety risks, a mixture of 60% of the "hot connection during berthing" scheduling mode and 40% of the existing scheduling mode is the best solution to reduce the anchorage waiting time, and the more the number of arriving ships, the greater the improvement in port service efficiency.

[0061] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms.

[0062] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The AnyLogic-based simulation system for hot connection of container ships at port is characterized by: The operation process of the system includes the following steps: Step 1: The next ship at the same berth enters the port channel in advance when the previous ship is about to leave the berth; Step 2: Control the speed of ships entering the port and the operating speed of ships at berth; Step 3: Use AnyLogic discrete event system to build a simulation model of container ships entering and leaving the port; Step 4. The simulation model in step 3 includes a ship arrival module, an anchorage waiting module, a ship scheduling module, a waterway scheduling module, a berth working module, and a data export module.

2. The AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot connection simulation research system according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step 2, when the previous ship leaves the berth, the next ship can berth seamlessly.

3. The AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot connection simulation research system according to claim 2 is characterized by: When container ships arrive at the port, if there is no berth available, they will wait at anchorage.

4. The AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot connection simulation research system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The various modules in step 4 together constitute a simulation of the port ship operation process, which is used to help analyze and optimize port operations.

5. The AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot connection simulation research system according to claim 1 is characterized by: It also includes the system's simulation process for container ships entering and leaving the port: arriving container ships are randomly generated based on historical ship arrival rate data, the arrival time intervals of the ships follow a Poisson distribution, and the simulation model adopts a first-come, first-served principle.

6. The AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot connection simulation research system according to claim 5 is characterized by: When deciding whether to enter a port, an anchored vessel needs to take into account navigation restrictions.

7. The AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot connection simulation research system according to claim 6 is characterized by: Whether to enter the waterway is determined based on the remaining operating time of the last berthed ship.

8. The AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot connection simulation research system according to claim 7 is characterized by: After the simulation is completed, the output data is analyzed.

9. The AnyLogic-based port container ship berthing hot connection simulation research system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The output data mainly include the waiting time of container ships at anchorage, the length of anchorage queues and the berth operation time.

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