A translucent photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a kind of translucent photovoltaic light-heat coupling system and its control method, including light-heat mirror, located at the bottom of the system, for reflecting infrared light in sunlight to carry out photo-thermal power generation;Translucent photovoltaic cell has wave-shaped pleated structure, located above light-heat mirror, for absorbing visible light and ultraviolet light in sunlight to carry out photovoltaic power generation;Adjustable telescopic support is used to adjust the transparency of translucent photovoltaic cell, so as to realize the proportion adjustment of photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation.The application realizes dynamic balance between photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation through adjustable wave-shaped pleated structure.Can automatically adjust the transparency under different light intensity and temperature conditions, so that the system preferentially carries out photovoltaic power generation under high-intensity sunlight, and preferentially carries out photo-thermal power generation under low light or high temperature conditions, so that the total energy conversion efficiency of power generation system is greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solar energy, and particularly relates to a semi-transparent photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation, as two main ways of solar energy conversion, have been widely studied for their respective advantages and limitations. Photovoltaic power generation directly converts sunlight into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect, with high efficiency and fast response, and is widely used in residential, commercial and industrial fields. However, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is limited by the intensity and spectral range of light, especially in extreme environments such as high temperature, strong light or low light, the efficiency of photovoltaic cells often fluctuates greatly. On the other hand, photothermal power generation converts infrared light (long-wavelength light) in reflected sunlight into heat energy to drive a heat engine to generate electricity. Photothermal power generation technology has high energy conversion efficiency, especially suitable for high-temperature environments, and can provide stable energy output. However, the efficiency of the photothermal system is often affected by factors such as the surface quality of the photothermal reflector, the change in light intensity, and the concentration of reflected light, and the design and material selection are relatively complex, and the temperature and environmental conditions are relatively strict.

[0003] At present, although photovoltaic and photothermal power generation methods have their own advantages, due to their respective limitations, when used alone, they often cannot maintain high and stable energy output under all environmental conditions. Therefore, photovoltaic and photothermal coupling systems have emerged. By combining the advantages of both, the power generation mode can be dynamically adjusted under different light and temperature conditions to achieve higher overall energy efficiency. However, existing photovoltaic-photothermal coupling systems still face some technical challenges. Traditional coupling systems often use fixed photothermal reflectors and photovoltaic cell structures, which are difficult to adapt to fluctuations in light intensity caused by environmental changes. Under high-intensity light, photovoltaic cells may overheat, affecting their efficiency, while photothermal systems may not be able to fully utilize the energy of reflected light. Conversely, under low light conditions, the energy utilization rate of the photothermal system is low, while the photovoltaic system may face a problem of efficiency decline. In addition, most existing photovoltaic-photothermal coupling structures lack flexible transparency adjustment mechanisms and cannot automatically adjust the power output ratio of the two in actual applications, thus failing to achieve optimal system performance. Therefore, there is still a lot of room for improvement in the effective coupling, dynamic adjustment, and efficiency optimization of photovoltaic and photothermal systems in existing technology. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a semi-transparent photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system and a control method thereof, which aims to dynamically balance the ratio of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation by adjusting the transparency, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system, especially under different environmental conditions, effectively improving energy utilization, and making up for the shortcomings of existing technology.

[0005] According to one object of the present application, the present application provides a translucent photovoltaic and photothermal coupling system, which comprises:

[0006] A photothermal mirror is located at the bottom of the system, which is used to reflect infrared light in sunlight for photothermal power generation.

[0007] A translucent photovoltaic cell with a wave-shaped corrugated structure is located above the photothermal mirror, which is used to absorb visible light and ultraviolet light in sunlight for photovoltaic power generation.

[0008] An adjustable telescopic support is used to adjust the transparency of the translucent photovoltaic cell, so as to realize the proportional adjustment of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation.

[0009] Further, the translucent photovoltaic cell adopts a flexible perovskite translucent photovoltaic film, which can adjust its transparency by stretching or compression.

[0010] Further, the wave-shaped corrugated structure is formed by pre-pressing forming technology, and the interval of the corrugation is changed by mechanical stretching or compression, so as to adjust the transparency.

[0011] Further, the adjustable telescopic support is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material.

[0012] Further, the adjustable telescopic support is driven by electric, pneumatic or hydraulic method, so as to realize the automatic adjustment of the transparency of the translucent photovoltaic cell.

[0013] Further, the wave-shaped corrugated structure includes a sinusoidal wave-shaped corrugated structure, a sawtooth wave-shaped corrugated structure, a hyperbolic wave-shaped corrugated structure or an elliptical wave-shaped corrugated structure.

[0014] Further, the system further comprises an intelligent control system, which comprises a central control unit, a light sensor and a temperature sensor, the central control unit combines the light sensor and the temperature sensor to automatically adjust the transparency to optimize the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation.

[0015] Further, the light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real time and output a signal proportional to the intensity of light; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the system in real time and output a signal related to the change of temperature.

[0016] Further, the intelligent control system further comprises a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism, when the sensor data is abnormal or the driving system cannot work normally, the system will automatically enter the protection mode.

[0017] According to another purpose of the present application, the present application provides a control method of the above-mentioned semi-transparent photovoltaic and photo-thermal coupling system, wherein the central control unit adopts the following control logic according to the light intensity and temperature signals:

[0018] Light intensity control logic:

[0019] Under high light intensity, photovoltaic power generation is preferentially started, and the adjustable telescopic support is stretched to increase the transparency;

[0020] Under low light intensity, photo-thermal power generation is preferentially started, and the adjustable telescopic support is compressed to reduce the transparency;

[0021] Temperature control logic:

[0022] Under high temperature environment, photo-thermal power generation is preferentially started, and the adjustable telescopic support is compressed to reduce the light absorption of the photovoltaic cell to avoid overheating;

[0023] Under low temperature environment, photovoltaic power generation is preferentially started, and the adjustable telescopic support is stretched to increase the transparency.

[0024] The technical scheme of the present application realizes dynamic balance between photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation through the adjustable wave-shaped wrinkle structure. Compared with the single fixed design of the existing conventional photovoltaic cell and photo-thermal reflector, the transparency can be automatically adjusted under different light intensity and temperature conditions, so that the system preferentially performs photovoltaic power generation under high-intensity sunlight, and preferentially performs photo-thermal power generation under low light intensity or high temperature conditions. The flexible adjustment mechanism greatly improves the total energy conversion efficiency of the power generation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the specific embodiments or prior art of the present application, the drawings needed in the description of the specific embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0026] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the elliptical wave compression structure adopted by the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the elliptical wave stretching structure adopted by the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the sawtooth wave compression structure adopted by the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 The flowchart under the light intensity control logic of the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 Flow chart under temperature control logic of embodiments of the present application;

[0031] In the figure: 1, light-heat mirror; 2, semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; 3, adjustable telescopic support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions of the present application will be described below in conjunction with embodiments, obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0034] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited. In addition, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be broadly understood, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] As shown in the figure: Figures 1-5

[0037] A semi-transparent photovoltaic light-heat coupling system, consisting of two parts, from bottom to top, light-heat mirror 1 and semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, wherein:

[0038] The light-heat mirror 1 is located at the bottom, mainly used for reflecting infrared light (long-wavelength light) in sunlight for light-heat power generation.​

[0039] The material of the light-heat mirror 1 is high-reflectivity material, such as aluminum alloy, silver plating or multi-layer metal reflective film, to ensure high-efficiency reflection of infrared light.

[0040] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is located above the light-heat mirror and is mainly used to absorb visible light and ultraviolet light in sunlight for photovoltaic power generation.

[0041] The material of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is flexible perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic film, which has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and adjustable transparency.

[0042] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 has a wave-shaped corrugated structure and can change the corrugation spacing according to external force through pre-press forming, thereby adjusting the transparency.

[0043] In this embodiment, adjustable telescopic supports 3 are arranged on both sides of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell to adjust the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0044] Specifically, the two ends of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 are fixed with the adjustable telescopic supports 3, and the corrugation spacing is changed by stretching or compressing the telescopic supports, thereby adjusting the overall transparency. The size of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell at the compression limit is consistent with the area or opening area of the light-heat mirror.

[0045] The principle of stretching or compressing the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is as follows:

[0046] When stretched: the corrugated structure is unfolded, the film tends to be flat, the transparency increases, the light-heat mirror can receive more infrared light, and the photovoltaic cell beyond the light-heat mirror area can be used for photovoltaic power generation.

[0047] When compressed: the corrugated structure is dense, the transparency decreases, and the light-heat power generation is prioritized.

[0048] The adjustable telescopic supports are made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material to ensure the mechanical strength of the supports while keeping them light. The system adjusts the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the adjustable telescopic supports: the telescopic supports are controlled by external motor drive or pneumatic / hydraulic method, which can dynamically adjust the transparency according to the actual light intensity and use requirements, to optimize the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and light-heat power generation.

[0049] In addition, the system can also automatically adjust the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through an intelligent control system:

[0050] Specifically, the intelligent control system includes a central control unit, a light sensor, and a temperature sensor. Through the central control unit combined with the light sensor and the temperature sensor, the transparency is automatically adjusted to achieve real-time balance of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation. For example, when the sunlight intensity is high, photovoltaic power generation is preferentially started; and when the temperature is high, photothermal power generation is preferentially increased. Among them:

[0051] The light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real time and output a signal proportional to the intensity of light.

[0052] The temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the system, such as the surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell and the temperature of the photothermal reflector, and output a signal related to the temperature change.

[0053] The central control unit (central processor) integrates the signals of the light sensor and the temperature sensor, automatically controls the extension and retraction of the support, and thereby adjusts the transparency. The motor, pneumatic or hydraulic power device for adjusting the adjustable telescopic support is connected with the central control unit to adjust the transparency of the photovoltaic cell and the relative position between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector.

[0054] In order to realize the real-time balance of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation, the central control unit, the light sensor and the temperature sensor automatically adjust the transparency mechanism, and the specific control steps are as follows:

[0055] S1, sensor signal acquisition

[0056] The data of the light sensor and the temperature sensor are transmitted to the central control unit by wireless or wired mode;

[0057] The light intensity data (Lux value) obtained by the light sensor is used to judge the strength of sunlight, and the temperature sensor provides real-time system temperature data;

[0058] S2, control algorithm

[0059] Based on the feedback signals of light intensity and temperature, the central control unit will adopt the following control logic to adjust the transparency:

[0060] As shown in Figure 4 :

[0061] S201, light intensity control logic:

[0062] S2011, high light intensity (for example, >1000 Lux): at this time, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is high, so photovoltaic power generation is preferentially used;

[0063] The control system stretches the adjustable telescopic support to make the surface of the photovoltaic cell tend to be flat, increases the transparency, and lets more sunlight pass through the photovoltaic cell to generate photovoltaic power;

[0064] When the support is stretched, the light intensity on the light-heat mirror is reduced, thus reducing the contribution of the light-heat power generation;

[0065] S2012, low light intensity (e.g., <500 Lux): the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is low, and the proportion of light-heat power generation should be increased;

[0066] The control system compresses the adjustable telescopic support to reduce the transparency of the photovoltaic cell, making the surface of the photovoltaic cell more dense and prioritizing light-heat power generation;

[0067] Through this adjustment, the surface light intensity of the light-heat mirror is enhanced, and the light-heat power generation system obtains more infrared light, thus improving its efficiency.

[0068] As shown in Figure 5 :

[0069] S202, temperature control logic:

[0070] S2021, high temperature environment (e.g., temperature > 50°C): at this time, the advantage of light-heat power generation is more obvious, and the proportion of light-heat power generation should be increased to reduce the overheating effect of the photovoltaic cell;

[0071] The control system compresses the transparency of the photovoltaic cell to reduce the light absorption on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, and prioritizes the enhancement of light-heat power generation;

[0072] Reducing photovoltaic power generation can prevent the surface temperature of the cell from rising further, protecting the service life of the photovoltaic cell;

[0073] S2022, low temperature environment (e.g., temperature < 25°C): at this time, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is high, and the proportion of photovoltaic power generation should be increased;

[0074] The control system stretches the photovoltaic cell to increase the transparency, increase the light absorption area of the photovoltaic cell, and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0075] When the temperature is low, the efficiency of light-heat power generation is relatively low, and its contribution can be reduced.

[0076] S203, comprehensive control logic:

[0077] S2031, joint control of light intensity and temperature:

[0078] When the light intensity is high and the temperature is high (e.g., noon in summer under strong light), the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is high, but the photovoltaic cell may overheat. At this time, the system should increase the light-heat power generation and appropriately reduce the proportion of photovoltaic power generation to avoid overheating of the photovoltaic cell.

[0079] S2032, when the light intensity is low and the temperature is low, the system should increase the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and reduce the contribution of light-heat power generation to obtain more power output.

[0080] S2033, when the light intensity is low but the temperature is high (e.g. overcast or winter low light environment), preferentially increase the photo-thermal power generation, reduce the output of photovoltaic power generation.

[0081] The control steps of the intelligent control system specifically include:

[0082] 1. Light intensity and temperature data collection:

[0083] The light sensor collects solar light intensity data every 5 seconds.

[0084] The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the photovoltaic cell surface and the light-thermal reflector in real time.

[0085] 2. Data analysis and processing:

[0086] Every 10 seconds, the central control unit determines the current working mode according to the light intensity and temperature data.

[0087] If the light intensity is greater than the set threshold and the temperature is low, start the photovoltaic priority mode, stretch the transparency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0088] If the light intensity is low or the temperature is high, start the light-thermal priority mode, compress the transparency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0089] 3. Adjustment of adjustable telescopic support and transparency control:

[0090] According to the instructions of the control system, the electric or hydraulic drive device adjusts the telescopic support to automatically change the transparency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0091] The transparency change is realized through the wave-shaped wrinkle structure, ensuring the dynamic balance of the proportion of photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation under different light and temperature conditions.

[0092] In this embodiment, the intelligent control system includes:

[0093] The system has fast response capability, ensuring that the transparency is adjusted within a short time to adapt to changes in sunlight intensity and temperature. The control response time should be less than 1 second to quickly reflect changes in the external environment.

[0094] Stability and accuracy: The accuracy of the light sensor and temperature sensor is required to be high, at least within an error range of ±5%.

[0095] The transparency adjustment accuracy should be within 1%, ensuring that the balance between photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation will not cause efficiency loss due to rough transparency adjustment.

[0096] The system has a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism. When sensor data is abnormal or the driving system cannot work normally, the system will automatically enter protection mode to reduce the negative impact of failure. The system should also set a manual mode to allow manual intervention control to ensure normal operation when automatic adjustment fails.

[0097] Through the above control steps and requirements, the intelligent control system can achieve real-time balance of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation, improve the overall energy efficiency of the system, and adapt to changes under different environmental conditions.

[0098] In this embodiment, the adjustable telescopic support is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material to ensure mechanical strength while remaining lightweight. The telescopic mechanism of the adjustable telescopic support is controlled by electric, hydraulic or pneumatic means for easy automatic adjustment.

[0099] In this embodiment, the wave-shaped corrugated structure is manufactured using a laser preforming process to ensure uniformity and stability of the wave-shaped corrugations. The process can adjust the height, width, and wavelength of the corrugations according to design requirements.

[0100] The material selection of the photovoltaic cell is a high-efficiency perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic thin film, ensuring the absorption efficiency of visible and ultraviolet light while maintaining a certain degree of transparency. Surface coating technology can be used to optimize the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite thin film.

[0101] The photothermal mirror uses high-reflectivity materials such as aluminum, silver, and other metal materials, and uses surface plating or multi-layer film technology to improve the reflectivity of infrared light.

[0102] To achieve the function of the semi-transparent photovoltaic and photothermal coupling system, the wave-shaped corrugated structure can adjust the transparency when mechanically stretched or compressed, so the parameters such as shape, length, width, and curvature of the wave shape must be designed reasonably to ensure efficient photovoltaic power generation and meet the needs of photothermal reflection.

[0103] This embodiment can use the following wave-shaped corrugated design schemes:

[0104] 1. Sine wave-shaped corrugated structure

[0105] Shape: Sine wave

[0106] Wave characteristics: Standard sine wave shape is used, with smooth transitions between peaks and valleys, suitable for expansion when stretched, maintaining the stability of the photovoltaic thin film.

[0107] Curvature: The curvature of the wave is determined by the wavelength (λ) and amplitude (A).

[0108] Wavelength: Typically between 10mm and 1m, the tightness of the wave can be adjusted as needed.

[0109] Amplitude: Amplitude ranges from 2mm to 10cm, amplitude decreases when stretched, wrinkles become flatter.

[0110] Advantages: The sinusoidal wave form is simple, easy to control and implement. The wave tends to flatten when stretched, suitable for efficient photovoltaic power generation.

[0111] Transparency change: When stretched, the peaks and valleys are flattened, increasing transparency; when compressed, the wave is more dense, reducing transparency.

[0112] 2. Sawtooth wave form wrinkle structure

[0113] Shape: Sawtooth wave

[0114] Wave characteristics: Continuous triangular wave form, sharp changes in wave form, similar to sawtooth shape.

[0115] Tooth height: Tooth height from 2mm to 20cm, adjusted according to design requirements.

[0116] Tooth width: Tooth width from 5mm to 1m, can produce large transparency changes.

[0117] Advantages: Sawtooth wave can produce large transparency changes in a small displacement range, suitable for quickly adjusting the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation.

[0118] Transparency change: When compressed, the teeth are more densely packed, increasing transparency; when stretched, the teeth are spread out, reducing transparency.

[0119] 3. Hyperbolic wave form wrinkle structure

[0120] Shape: Hyperbolic wave

[0121] Wave characteristics: Wave shape is hyperbolic, with large curvature, can adjust transparency within a large compression / stretch range.

[0122] Arc: Hyperbolic shape is more suitable for achieving large transparency changes, with large curvature, effectively reflecting infrared light.

[0123] Curvature: Curvature of both sides of the wave is different, curvature from 5° to 30°, specific to the light angle of the application scenario.

[0124] Wavelength and amplitude: According to the formula of hyperbolic curve, wavelength from 20mm to 1m, amplitude can reach more than 10mm.

[0125] Advantages: Hyperbolic wave can make the wave more compact when compressed, improving photo-thermal reflection performance; when stretched, it can maintain high photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0126] Transparency change: When compressed, the waveform becomes denser and the transparency decreases; when stretched, the waveform flattens and the transparency increases.

[0127] 4. Elliptical Waveform Wrinkle Structure

[0128] Shape: Elliptical Waveform

[0129] Waveform feature: The waveform is elliptical, with a uniform distance between the peaks and troughs, forming a curve similar to an ellipse.

[0130] Arc: The elliptical waveform has smaller curvature at both ends and larger curvature in the middle, allowing it to remain stable over a large stretching range.

[0131] Elliptical major axis: Can be selected between 30mm to 1m.

[0132] Elliptical minor axis: Selected between 5mm to 20mm, controlling the height of the peaks and the depth of the troughs.

[0133] Advantages: The elliptical waveform can better control the change in transparency during the process, and has good optical performance, suitable for the balance of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation.

[0134] Transparency change: When stretched, the waveform expands and the transparency increases; when compressed, the waveform becomes denser and the transparency decreases.

[0135] 5. Parabolic Waveform Wrinkle Structure

[0136] Shape: Parabolic Waveform

[0137] Waveform feature: The waveform is parabolic, with gradually increasing distance between the peaks and troughs, suitable for adjusting transparency over a large stretching range.

[0138] Arc: The parabolic shape has a larger curvature, with strong dynamic change ability.

[0139] Vertex curvature: Adjusted between 20° to 45°, suitable for different photovoltaic and photothermal reflection needs.

[0140] Wavelength: 20mm to 1m.

[0141] Advantages: The parabolic shape can efficiently reflect infrared light, with high photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0142] Transparency change: When stretched, the peaks expand and the transparency increases; when compressed, the waveform is tight and the transparency decreases.

[0143] 6. Hammerhead Waveform Wrinkle Structure

[0144] Shape: Hammerhead Waveform

[0145] Waveform characteristics: The waveform is "hammerhead" shaped, that is, the waveform starts flat, then rises sharply, forming a clear peak, and the right side of the waveform is smooth transition.

[0146] Arc: The sharp rising part of the waveform forms a sharp "hammerhead", suitable for a certain range of transparency changes.

[0147] Wavelength: between 5mm and 1m, relatively close.

[0148] Curvature: high curvature, suitable for the needs of photothermal power generation.

[0149] Transparency changes: when compressed, the wave peaks gather, reducing transparency; when stretched, the wave peaks spread out, increasing transparency.

[0150] In this embodiment, the wave-shaped structure can also use shape memory alloy (SMA) technology, so that the wave-shaped wrinkles can change shape under external electrical stimulation and have self-recovery function, reducing the complexity of mechanical operation. That is, by using shape memory alloy instead of adjustable telescopic support, the shape memory alloy drives the change of the wave-shaped structure.

[0151] The intelligent control system of this embodiment can also integrate AI control system and big data analysis system, use AI control system to analyze historical data and environmental change trends (such as solar radiation, temperature change, cloud change, etc.), realize predictive regulation, for example, predict the solar radiation intensity in a period of time and automatically adjust the transparency according to the predicted value. Through continuous accumulation and analysis of big data, the system can further optimize the dynamic balance of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation, and improve the self-adaptive ability of the system.

[0152] The AI control system and the big data analysis system dynamically adjust the transparency through real-time data collection and analysis, and optimize the real-time balance of photovoltaic and photothermal.

[0153] Specifically, the system architecture and composition of the AI control system and the big data analysis system are as follows:

[0154] The AI control system is used for intelligent analysis and decision-making based on real-time collected data (such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, etc.). The AI control system is based on machine learning algorithms (such as deep neural networks, decision trees, random forests, etc.), which automatically adjust the transparency of photovoltaic cells. It can predict the trend of light intensity and temperature changes, so as to adjust the transparency in advance and avoid excessive adjustment leading to fluctuations in power generation efficiency. Reinforcement learning (Reinforcement Learning) algorithm can optimize the adjustment strategy according to the system running state, gradually improving the overall energy efficiency.

[0155] The big data analysis system is used to analyze and process historical data collected by sensors, environmental change data, and equipment operating status, etc., to support the AI system to make more accurate predictions and decisions.

[0156] The big data analysis system preprocesses sensor data by denoising, standardizing, and normalizing, etc., to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. Through machine learning and statistical analysis methods, a prediction model of illumination, temperature, humidity, etc. is established based on historical data. The trend of illumination and temperature changes in the next few hours or even days is predicted to adjust the transparency of the photovoltaic cell in advance. The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic and photothermal under different environmental conditions (such as seasonal changes, climate changes, etc.) is analyzed to provide the optimal adjustment scheme. According to historical data and real-time sensor information, the transparency adjustment strategy of the system is automatically optimized to maximize the overall power generation efficiency.

[0157] The operation process of the AI control system and big data analysis is as follows:

[0158] S1, Real-time data collection

[0159] Illumination, temperature, humidity, etc. sensors collect environmental data every second and transmit them to the central processing unit.

[0160] Data transmission needs to ensure low delay (<1 second) to ensure the accuracy of real-time adjustment control.

[0161] Data collection is uploaded to the cloud platform for large-scale storage and analysis at the same time.

[0162] S2, Historical data analysis and training

[0163] Use the cloud platform to analyze long-term collected historical data and train AI models to find the correlation between illumination intensity, temperature, and system efficiency.

[0164] Update the AI model regularly (monthly or quarterly) to adapt to seasonal changes, weather changes, and photovoltaic cell aging, etc.

[0165] The AI system performs error analysis and model optimization during the training process to ensure that the system can make accurate power generation mode predictions based on historical trends.

[0166] S3, Prediction and transparency adjustment decision

[0167] Based on real-time data and historical data, the AI control system uses the prediction model to calculate the future trend of illumination intensity and temperature changes in the next few hours.

[0168] If it is predicted that the future illumination intensity will increase significantly, the transparency of the photovoltaic cell will be increased in advance to improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0169] If the temperature is predicted to rise, the system will prioritize increasing the proportion of photo-thermal power generation and reducing the transparency of the photovoltaic cells to prevent overheating and its impact on performance.

[0170] S4, Dynamic Transparency Adjustment

[0171] Real-time Adjustment: The AI system adjusts the transparency every 10 seconds based on real-time collected light intensity and temperature data to ensure the dynamic balance between photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation.

[0172] Smart Feedback: The AI control system checks whether the adjusted transparency meets the optimization strategy through a feedback mechanism. If there is a fluctuation in power generation efficiency or the temperature is too high, it will automatically correct the adjustment strategy.

[0173] S5, System Optimization and Feedback Mechanism

[0174] The system will learn and adjust itself based on actual operation results to optimize the transparency adjustment strategy.

[0175] For example, when the system finds that photo-thermal power generation is more efficient than photovoltaic power generation under certain environmental conditions, it will incorporate this into the machine learning model to improve the system's intelligent decision-making ability.

[0176] Regularly evaluate and optimize the AI model to ensure long-term accuracy and stability.

[0177] In the AI control system and big data analysis process, the AI control system not only focuses on the efficiency of photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation, but also considers temperature control, battery life, and other goals. The system will adjust the transparency to achieve the best balance in multiple dimensions by considering the needs of different goals. The system can dynamically adjust the strategy according to external environmental changes (such as cloud cover, weather changes, seasonal changes). For example, in cloudy or rainy weather, the system will automatically reduce the transparency of the photovoltaic cells and increase the proportion of photo-thermal power generation. The system has the ability to predict the load of the power grid, and when the load of the power grid is high, it will preferentially increase the transparency of the photovoltaic cells to provide power support; when the load of the power grid is low, it will preferentially increase photo-thermal power generation to prevent the photovoltaic cells from overheating.

[0178] The AI system collects feedback data during operation and uses reinforcement learning algorithms to optimize control strategies. Whenever the system adjusts the transparency and successfully improves the power generation efficiency, the AI system will input this decision into the optimization strategy to continuously improve the accuracy of transparency adjustment. Based on changes in environmental data, the AI control system can automatically adjust the parameters of the optimization algorithm. For example, the system can adjust the control cycle, model weight, etc. according to weather changes to ensure the optimal performance of the system under different environmental conditions.

[0179] The response time of the AI control system should not exceed 1 second, ensuring real-time reaction to environmental changes and transparency adjustments. The accuracy of the prediction algorithm should reach more than 90%, especially under complex weather conditions.

[0180] The AI system should have high stability, running stably under different seasons, different light intensities, and different temperature conditions, avoiding instability of the control strategy due to over-reliance on short-term data fluctuations.

[0181] The system should have robustness in dealing with sensor failures, network failures, and other situations. If a sensor fails, the system should be able to repair itself through backup sensors or historical data, ensuring system operation is not affected.

[0182] The system architecture should support subsequent expansion and upgrade. For example, it can connect more environmental sensors, devices, or energy sources, and perform more diversified adjustment and optimization.

[0183] All data should be encrypted for transmission and storage to ensure data privacy and security. The AI control system needs to comply with industry standards and relevant laws and regulations to ensure data collection and processing compliance.

[0184] By integrating AI control systems and big data analysis, the invention can significantly improve the intelligent level of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation systems, automatically adjust transparency, and achieve dynamic balance and efficient operation of the system.

[0185] The wave-shaped corrugated structure can be adjusted according to different photovoltaic and photothermal power generation needs, with wavelength, amplitude, and curvature parameters that can be flexibly selected. Each design has its unique advantages, providing the best energy conversion efficiency in different application scenarios. The specific choice of which scheme needs to be determined according to the target market demand, environmental light conditions, and material characteristics. In addition, this wave-shaped semi-transparent photovoltaic cell can also be used in BIPV, agricultural greenhouse, and other application scenarios that require semi-transparent photovoltaic cells.

[0186] The invention proposes a semi-transparent photovoltaic and photothermal coupling system, which adjusts the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell to achieve dynamic balance between photovoltaic and photothermal power generation, thereby optimizing the energy utilization efficiency of the system. By flexibly adjusting the transparency, the invention can adjust the proportion of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation in real time according to external factors such as solar radiation intensity and temperature under different environmental conditions, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system and solving the problem of insufficient energy efficiency utilization in the prior art.

[0187] The application realizes dynamic balance between photovoltaic and photothermal power generation through adjustable wave-shaped folding structure. Compared with the single fixed design of existing conventional photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors, the transparency can be automatically adjusted under different light intensity and temperature conditions, so that the system preferentially performs photovoltaic power generation under high-intensity sunlight, and preferentially performs photothermal power generation under low light or high temperature conditions. This flexible adjustment mechanism greatly improves the overall energy conversion efficiency of the power generation system.

[0188] In actual environment tests, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell using the structure of the application is improved by about 5% under medium light conditions, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is improved by about 15% under high temperature conditions. Compared with the conventional photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, the application can provide up to 20% overall power generation efficiency improvement under most sunlight conditions.

[0189] The application effectively avoids the problems of aging and damage of conventional fixed photovoltaic cells and reflectors in long-term use through the wave-shaped folding structure. The wave-shaped structure not only can flexibly adjust the transparency, but also can self-adjust the shape through shape memory alloy technology or pneumatic control system, thereby enhancing the fatigue resistance and self-repairing function of the system. Through accelerated aging test, the performance degradation of the wave-shaped folding photovoltaic cell of the application is less than 3% after 1000 hours of continuous use, which is significantly better than the performance degradation rate of more than 5% of the conventional photovoltaic cell.

[0190] The application reduces the dependence on traditional multi-module systems by integrating photovoltaic and photothermal functions, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing and maintenance costs of the system. The wave-shaped folding structure not only makes the installation of the components more convenient, but also reduces the need for frequent adjustment due to weather changes, thereby reducing energy loss. The application significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, enhances the system stability, saves costs, and can significantly improve the comprehensive performance of the solar power generation system through the adjustable wave-shaped photovoltaic-thermal coupling system.

[0191] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the application, and not to limit them; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application.

Claims

1. A translucent photovoltaic-photothermal coupled system, characterized in that, The system comprises: A photothermal mirror at the bottom of the system for reflecting infrared light in sunlight for photothermal power generation; A semi-transparent photovoltaic cell with a wave-shaped corrugated structure above the photothermal mirror for absorbing visible and ultraviolet light in sunlight for photovoltaic power generation; An adjustable telescopic support for adjusting the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell to achieve proportional adjustment of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation; The wave-shaped corrugated structure is formed by pre-pressing forming technology, and the pitch of the corrugation is changed by mechanical stretching or compression to adjust the transparency; the adjustable telescopic support is driven by electric, pneumatic or hydraulic means to automatically adjust the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; the wave-shaped corrugated structure includes a sinusoidal wave-shaped corrugated structure, a sawtooth wave-shaped corrugated structure, a hyperbolic wave-shaped corrugated structure or an elliptical wave-shaped corrugated structure; The system further comprises an intelligent control system, which comprises a central control unit, a light sensor and a temperature sensor, the central control unit automatically adjusts the transparency in combination with the light sensor and the temperature sensor to optimize the proportion of photovoltaic and photothermal power generation.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell uses a flexible perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic film that can adjust its transparency by stretching or compression.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein, The adjustable telescopic support is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein, The light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real time and output a signal proportional to the intensity of light; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the system in real time and output a signal related to temperature change.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, The intelligent control system further comprises a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism, when the sensor data is abnormal or the driving system cannot work normally, the system will automatically enter the protection mode.

6. The control method of the system according to claim 1, characterized by, The central control unit uses the following control logic according to the light intensity and temperature signals: Light intensity control logic: Under high light intensity, photovoltaic power generation is preferentially started, and the adjustable telescopic support is stretched to increase transparency; Under low light intensity, photothermal power generation is preferentially started, and the adjustable telescopic support is compressed to reduce transparency; Temperature control logic: Under high temperature environment, photothermal power generation is preferentially started, and the adjustable telescopic support is compressed to reduce the light absorption of the photovoltaic cell to avoid overheating; Under low temperature environment, photovoltaic power generation is preferentially started, and the adjustable telescopic support is stretched to increase transparency.

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