Shield tunneling machine

Abstract

According to the invention, a control unit is provided in the shield machine, in which a predetermined and preferably as low as possible sealing material (227) can be set with relatively small fluctuations from the tail sealing device (121) into the residual layer (230) normally covered by the grouting material (224) in order to fill the annular gap (218). Therefore, in particular, the lowest possible discharge can be kept relatively precisely and reliably from the perspective of cost and environment.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a shield machine having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] Such a shield machine is known from document WO 2022 / 001621 A1. The previously known shield machine has a tail seal device, which has a plurality of radially inward sealing elements. A filling cavity is formed between these sealing elements. In addition, a pipe device is provided, which leads circumferentially to the filling cavity. A pump device is connected to the pipe device for pumping sealing material into the filling cavity. In addition, there is a quantity detection device, which is arranged to compare the actually pumped quantity of sealing material with the theoretically pumpable quantity of sealing material.

[0003] A system for automatically supplying lubricant to a shield machine is known from document CN 213392162 U, which has a stroke counter for determining the supply quantity of lubricant, and the supply of lubricant is controlled by time.

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a shield machine of the aforementioned type, which is characterized in that the discharge of the sealant per area is relatively uniform and remains at a predetermined value in terms of quantity, and does not require manual control even under changing operating conditions.

[0005] The aforementioned technical problem is solved according to the present invention by a shield machine of the aforementioned type having the features of claim 1.

[0006] There is a control unit, which introduces a predetermined quantity into the filling cavity in the form of the volume or mass of the actually pumped sealing material, taking into account specific input parameters that at least partially vary during the tunneling process and also according to the operating time. Thus, even if the operating conditions change, such as a decrease in the efficiency of the pump or a change in the tunneling speed, a predetermined quantity of sealing material can be evenly introduced into one or each filling cavity within a typical but relatively small fluctuation range, so as to achieve a uniform discharge quantity per unit area.

[0007] Further suitable design solutions are the technical solutions of the dependent claims.

[0008] Further suitable design solutions and advantages are obtained from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0009] In the drawings:

[0010] Figure 1 A side view schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a shield machine with a tail seal device,

[0011] Figure 2 showing according to Figure 1 a side view of a vicinity area of the tail seal device of the embodiment of the shield machine shown,

[0012] Figure 3 Shows a partially cut-away side view of an embodiment of a brush seal for a tail seal device according to Figure 2 ...,

[0013] Figure 4 Shows an end-side schematic view of a plurality of injection ducts of a duct device in an embodiment according to Figure 1 ...,

[0014] Figure 5 Shows a block diagram of a duct device and an exemplary pump device for supplying sealing material to the duct device,

[0015] Figure 6 Shows a side schematic view of a tail seal device according to Figure 2 ..., having a preferably achievable exemplary filling pressure ratio in the filling chamber which is visualized,

[0016] Figure 7 Shows a block diagram of the main elements of an exemplary control unit for an embodiment according to Figure 1 ..., and

[0017] Figure 8 Shows a block diagram of a refinement of an exemplary control unit according to Figure 7 ...,

[0018] Figure 1 Shows a side schematic view of an embodiment of a shield machine 103 which is equipped on the side facing the working face 106 with a cutting wheel 109. By means of the cutting wheel 109, the geology located at the working face 106 can be excavated in the driving direction.

[0019] On the back side facing away from the cutting wheel 109, the shield machine 103 has a tail shield 112 which, during operation of the shield machine 103, covers the area of a tubbing ring 115 consisting of a plurality of interconnected tubbings 118.

[0020] At the end region of the tail shield 112 facing away from the cutting wheel 109, a tail seal device 121 is provided.

[0021] Figure 2 Shows a side view of the region around the tail seal device 121 of an embodiment of the shield machine 103 as shown in Figure 1 .... It can be seen from Figure 2 that the tail seal device 121 has a plurality of sealing elements, for example arranged in the form of mechanically very stable spring plate seals 203 at the end of the tail shield 112 and also in the form of brush seals 206 which are arranged at a distance from the side of the spring plate seals 203 facing Figure 2 the non-shown cutting wheel 109.

[0022] It is understood that sealing elements of other designs may also be provided, such as a pure spring plate seal or a pure brush seal 206.

[0023] The spring plate seal 203 and the brush seal 206 are connected to the tail shield 112 in the end region and extend obliquely radially inwards and away from the cutting wheel 109, so that they bear against the radially outwardly facing side of the tubbing 118 when the tunneling machine 109 is operating. Filling cavities 209, 212, 215 are respectively formed between the spring plate seal 203 and the adjacent brush seal 206 and between the brush seals 206.

[0024] An annular gap 218 is formed between the radially inwardly facing side of the tail shield 112 and the radially outwardly facing side of the tubbing 118 surrounded by the tail shield 112, and the annular gap is usually under atmospheric pressure. On the radially outer side of the tail shield 112, the penetrated geology 221 contacts the tail shield 112. In order to fill the space left by the annular gap 218 and the tail shield 112 at its end, the space is filled with mortar 224 up to the adjacent geology 221 by a mortar feeding device (not shown) in Figure 2 The mortar 224 exerts a mortar pressure on the spring plate seal 203 at the end side.

[0025] Since the mortar pressure is significantly higher than the pressure in the annular gap 218 and thus the spring plate seal 203 at the end side is dangerously subjected to mechanical loads, when the spring plate seal 203 fails, the mortar 224 may penetrate into the filling cavities 209, 212, 215 or even into the annular gap 218 in the worst case. Sealing material 227 with a relatively high viscosity is filled in the filling cavities 209, 212, 215 in order to reduce the mortar pressure formed on the spring plate seal 203 up to the brush seal 206 at the end side facing the cutting wheel 109 and to reliably maintain the function of the tail shield sealing device 121. Here, a certain quantity, preferably a certain mass, of the sealing material 227 is input into the filling cavities 209, 212, 215, and a certain filling pressure will be generated in the respective filling cavities 209, 212, 215.

[0026] However, it is understood that in the context of the present invention, the quantity may also be expressed as volume.

[0027] A residual layer 230 of the sealing material 227 remains on the radially outwardly facing side of the relevant tubbing 118 at the rear side of the spring plate seal 203 in the tunneling direction. The mass per unit area of the sealing material depends on different parameters, especially the pressure difference between the outer filling cavity 209 at the front side in the tunneling direction and the mortar pressure, the stiffness of the spring plate seal 203, the surface characteristics of the tubbing 118, and the joint size formed between the tubbings 118.

[0028] Figure 3 Shows a partial cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of the brush seal 206 of the tail seal device 121 shown for Figure 2 the purpose shown. Figure 3 In the shown embodiment, the brush seal 206 has an outer plate device 303 arranged on the rear side in the driving direction during the operation of the shield machine 103 and an inner plate device 306 opposite to the outer plate device 303, which respectively have a plurality of individual plates. The outer plate device 303 is longer than the inner plate device 306. A wire layer 309 is arranged between the outer plate device 303 and the inner plate device 306, and the wire layer has a plurality of relatively thin single wires extending in a corrugated or spiral shape. In the present embodiment, the outer plate device 303, the inner plate device 306 and the intermediate wire layer 309 are connected to the carrier plate 318 through fastening clips 312 and screw connection devices 315, and the carrier plate 318 can be connected to the tail shield housing 112.

[0029] From Figure 3 and the related description, it can be seen that the brush seal 206 itself does not form a compaction seal on the side facing the Figure 3 chamfer 118 not shown in the figure, but only forms a compaction seal to a certain extent after filling the wire layer 309 with the Figure 3 sealing material 227 not shown in the figure.

[0030] Figure 4 Shows a front schematic view of the pipe device 403 for inputting the sealing material 227 into the filling cavities 209, 212, 215. The pipe device 403 has a plurality of first injection pipes 406, second injection pipes 409 and third injection pipes 412 for injecting the sealing material 227 into the first filling cavity 209, the second filling cavity 212 and the third filling cavity 215. The injection pipes 406, 409, 412 are preferably evenly spaced circumferentially here to enable the sealing material 227 to enter each filling cavity 409, 412, 415 with the same circumferential distribution.

[0031] Figure 5 Is shown in the form of a schematic circuit diagram according to Figure 4 a region of the pipe device 403 shown, and a pump device 503 for delivering the sealing material 227 to the pipe device 403. From Figure 5 it can be seen that the pipe device 403 has an annular pipe 506, which is connected to the pump device 503 in order to deliver the sealing material 227 through the feed pipe 509. When needed, the annular pipe 506 is emptied through an annular drain pipe 512 having an integrated annular drain valve 515. In Figure 5The injection pipes 406, 409, 412, only partially shown herein, are connected to the annular pipe 506. In these injection pipes, there are respectively integrated an electrically controllable control switch 518, a pressure sensor 521 provided for monitoring purposes in the present embodiment, and an injection discharge switch 524 that can be manually operated in the present embodiment. Thus, as will be elaborated in detail below, the sealing material 227 can be injected into the respective filling cavities 209, 212, 215 through the injection pipes 406, 409, 412. Among them, different masses of the injected sealing material 227 will also generate at least pairwise different filling pressures in the filling cavities 209, 212, 215.

[0032] Figure 5 The pump device 503, schematically and purely exemplarily shown herein, can supply the sealing material 227 from the sealant memory 525. The mass of the sealing material 227 in the sealant memory 525 can be detected by an electrically operable filling quantity sensor 527, which is a component of the quantity detection device. For example, the pump device 503 can be pressurized by a double-column plunger stamping machine 530, and the follower plate 533 connected to the sealant memory 525 can be pressed onto the sealing material 227.

[0033] The pump device 503 also has a solenoid valve 536, which can control the movement direction of the piston according to a predetermined cycle time, which will be elaborated below. The stroke counter 539 of the pump device 503 is another component of the quantity detection device, used to detect the piston at the end and output the position as a count value.

[0034] Figure 6 Shown in Figure 2 A side view schematic diagram of the area around the tail seal device 121 corresponding thereto, which has a pressure diagram 603 for particularly showing the preferred and as far as possible exemplary pressure ratios in the filling cavities 209, 212, 215. In the pressure diagram 603, the position Z in the longitudinal extension section of the shaft tube 118 is shown as the abscissa 606, and the pressure P is shown as the ordinate 609.

[0035] From Figure 6 the schematic diagram, it can be seen that in the area of the annular gap 218, the external pressure P0, usually the atmospheric pressure, dominates, while in the area of the mortar 224, the mortar pressure PM is higher than the pressure P0. The filling pressure in the first filling cavity 209 is P1, the filling pressure in the second filling cavity 212 is P2, and the filling pressure in the third filling cavity 215 is P3. From the pressure diagram 603, it can be seen that the filling pressure P3 is at least equal to, but preferably as Figure 6above the mortar pressure PM shown, so as to provide relatively high protection for the tail seal device 121 against penetration of the mortar 224. The filling pressures P2 and P1 are gradually reduced in the second filling chamber 212 and the first filling chamber 209 located in front of the third filling chamber 215 in the driving direction, so as to generally apply only a relatively low load to the brush seal 206.

[0036] Figure 7 The basic elements of an exemplary control unit 703 are shown in block diagram form, which is generally implemented by a storable programmable controller, namely the so-called SPS. The stroke counter 539 provides the pump strokes of the pump device 503 within the control interval as input parameters for the quantity inspection device, while the filling quantity sensor 527 provides the mass of the actually used sealing material 227. The desired mass-related consumption of the sealing material per unit area can be preset via the operator input 712, especially for the remaining sealing material 227 with a predetermined density in the residual layer 230 and in the joint between the liner 118.

[0037] Based on the value input via the operator input 712, the mass of the required sealing material 227 can be determined by the sealing material calculation module 715 taking into account the geometric parameters of the liner ring 115, especially its outer circumference and the unit density of the sealing material 227, and input to the stroke counter 718.

[0038] The output value of the stroke counter 539 can be input to the rated sealing material consumption module 721, through which the theoretical consumption of the sealing material 227 can be calculated based on the number of pump strokes and the previously known ideal pump characteristics of the pump device 503, as they are preset based on the maximum available pumping volume purely considering dimensions.

[0039] The mass of the actually consumed sealing material 227 in the value of the filling quantity sensor 527 can be input to the actual sealing material consumption module 724, through which the mass of the actually consumed sealing material 227 can be calculated.

[0040] The output values of the sealing material consumption modules 721 and 724 can be fed to the filling quantity determination module 727, through which the filling quantity can be determined as the ratio between the actual consumption and the theoretical consumption of the sealing material 227. The filling quantity can be fed as a further input parameter to the stroke counter 718.

[0041] There is suitably a sealing material application control display screen 730, which is connected to the actual sealing material consumption module 724 and can visually output the mass of the actually consumed sealing material per unit area 227.

[0042] In addition, a tunneling speed module 733 is provided, which can input the current tunneling speed of the shield machine 103 as a further input parameter into a cycle timer 736 of the control unit 703. In addition, the cycle timer 736 is connected to the stroke counter 718 so that the absolute number of strokes determined by the stroke counter 718 for outputting a predetermined mass of sealing material 227 per unit area controls the solenoid valve 536 to set the pumping power of the pump device 503 in consideration of the current advancement speed, so that the predetermined mass of the entire sealing material 227 to be pumped is pumped in the form of an output cycle.

[0043] The output value of the stroke counter 718 can also be input into the displacement sensor 739 of the control unit 703, through which the control switch 518 for delivering a predetermined mass of sealing material 227 to each filling chamber 209, 212, 215 can be controlled by respectively presetting the mass value while taking into account the traveled distance of the shield machine 103.

[0044] The control unit 703 is thus configured to compensate for typical operating fluctuations for a uniform discharge of the sealing material 227 in the residual layer 230, i.e. the actual pumping power of the pump device 503 can be adapted to changing ambient conditions, such as different temperatures and / or typical operating wear, by taking into account the filling level and the changing advance speed. Only the density of the sealing material 227 used in each case has to be specified as an input parameter in order to achieve a particularly high degree of accuracy. By predetermining the mass consumption of the sealing material 227 per unit area, a predetermined value can be maintained relatively accurately and, in particular, a value that is as low as possible from a cost and environmental point of view, with relatively small fluctuations.

[0045] Figure 8 The block diagram shows Figure 7 An exemplary improvement of the control unit 703 with further elements, wherein in accordance with Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the block diagram, corresponding elements have the same reference numerals and are not described in detail below to avoid repetition. Figure 8 The control unit 703 of the illustrated improved solution has an overwritable filling quantity memory 803 in which the filling quantity from the last completed annular construction from the filling quantity determination module 727 is stored and whose stored value can be provided to the stroke counter 718 during the current annular construction.

[0046] also, Figure 8The block diagram in shows the driving distance sensor 806 of the shield machine 103. On the one hand, the driving distance sensor is connected to the control switch 518, and on the other hand, it is connected to the sealing material application control display 730, so as to correspond the output of the sealing material application control display 730 to the actual driving distance passed, and on the other hand, adjust the control switch 518 according to the driving distance.

[0047] In addition, it can be seen from Figure 8 the schematic diagram that there is also a deviation inspection module 809 in the improvement scheme. On the one hand, the deviation inspection module is connected to the operator input terminal 712, and on the other hand, it is connected to the sealing material application control display 730. The deviation detection module 809 can be used to determine the deviation between the sealing material consumption per unit area related to quality preset by the operator input terminal 712 and the actual sealing material consumption per unit area related to quality from the sealing material application control display 730. The output value of the deviation inspection module 809 can be input into the deviation threshold inspection module 812. With the help of the deviation threshold inspection module, if the predetermined threshold is exceeded, the driving of the shield machine 103 can be interrupted by the stop unit 815, otherwise the continuous operation of the shield machine 103 can be triggered by the trigger unit 818.

Claims

1. A shield machine having a tail seal device (121), the tail seal device having a plurality of sealing elements (203, 206) pointing radially inwards, a filling cavity (209, 212, 215) being formed between these sealing elements, the shield machine further having a circumferentially distributed pipe device (403) communicating with the filling cavity (209, 212, 215) and a pump device (503) connected to the pipe device (403), the pump device being arranged to pump sealing material (227) into the filling cavity (209, 212, 215). Wherein, there are quantity detection devices (527, 539) arranged to compare the quantity of the actually pumped sealing material (227) with the quantity of the sealing material (227) that can be pumped theoretically. It is characterized in that the pump device (503) has a control unit (703), and the control unit is arranged to record the application quantity of the sealing material per unit area as an input parameter, the geometric parameters of the installed Chibin barrel ring (115), the filling quantity which is the ratio of the actually pumped sealing material quantity to the theoretically pumpable sealing material quantity, and the tunneling speed, and to determine an operating parameter according to the input parameters, and the form of the operating parameter is an output period preset by a cycle timer (736) and a quantity value preset by a stroke indicator (739) for a predetermined quantity of the actually pumped sealing material (227).

2. The shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, the pump device (503) is connected to an annular pipe (506) of the pipe device (403), and a plurality of injection pipes (406, 409, 412) are connected to the annular pipe (506), wherein each filling cavity (209, 212, 215) can be applied with the sealing material (227) at a plurality of circumferentially distributed injection points through the injection pipes (406, 409, 412).

3. The shield machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, the injection pipes (406, 409, 412) each have a controllable switch (518).

4. The shield machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, the pipe device (403) is arranged to apply different predetermined quantities of the sealing material (227) to the filling cavity (209, 212, 215) so as to set different predetermined filling pressures (P1, P2, P3).

5. The shield machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, the filling pressure (P3) in the filling cavity (215) located at the rear outer side in the tunneling direction is greater than the mortar pressure (PM) generated when filling the annular gap (218).

6. The shield machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The corresponding filling pressures (P1, P2, P3) increase in each filling cavity (212) adjacent to the filling cavity (215) on the rear side outside in the tunneling direction along the tunneling direction, and decrease along the tunneling direction in the filling cavity (212) between the filling cavity (215) on the rear side outside in the tunneling direction and the filling cavity (209) on the front side outside.

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