Multi-beam fusion deposition system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-beam fusion deposition system and method thereof, and specifically to a multi-beam fusion deposition system, an additive manufacturing method, a metal welding method, and a metal cutting method. In the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system, during deposition processing such as additive manufacturing, metal welding, and metal cutting, a blue or green laser, an infrared laser, and a pulsed laser cooperate with each other to synergistically act on the material to be processed in the deposition area, thereby increasing the absorption rate of the laser by the material to be processed, reducing energy waste during the deposition processing, improving processing efficiency, and reducing processing costs. At the same time, the pulsed laser beam also stirs the preset molten pool formed on the material to be processed to form convection in the preset molten pool, promoting dynamic changes in the energy distribution in the preset molten pool, and evenly mixing the components. At the same time, it is conducive to the overflow of bubbles from the preset molten pool, effectively improving the deposition processing quality and reducing the processing defect rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a multi-beam fusion deposition system and method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In laser processing technology, different types of lasers have their own unique characteristics and advantages. The complexity and diverse processes of real-world production present challenges to laser processing that far exceed the capabilities of a single laser type. A multi-beam laser system consists of two laser beams: an inner continuous laser beam and an outer pulsed laser beam. The inner continuous laser beam melts the wire and base material, while the outer pulsed laser beam stirs the molten pool, reducing the temperature gradient, increasing undercooling, and maximizing the solidification nucleation rate. The two beams are coaxial, hollow circular or rectangular spots.

[0003] However, continuous lasers are generally infrared lasers. Although infrared lasers can guarantee high power input, when facing a large number of metal materials such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys that are widely used but have poor infrared light absorption rates, they fall into the dilemma of large amounts of energy reflection and loss, which easily leads to energy waste.

[0004] At the same time, the frequently fluctuating energy coupling efficiency during the processing directly leads to the instability of the molten pool temperature and shape, which in turn causes quality problems such as weld formation defects and internal stress concentration of additively manufactured parts. In severe cases, it will damage the laser. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a multi-beam fusion deposition system and method thereof that can improve processing accuracy and processing quality and reduce processing defect rate.

[0006] A multi-beam fusion deposition system includes a workbench, a motion unit, a deposition head, an infrared laser, a blue or green laser, a pulsed laser, and a control unit;

[0007] The workbench has a deposition area; the deposition head is located above the workbench; the infrared laser includes an infrared laser generator and an infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser includes a blue or green laser generator and a blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse laser includes a pulse laser generator and a pulse optical path adjustment component; the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse laser path adjustment component are all installed on the deposition head to form an array-type spatial optical path, and are configured to focus the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator within the deposition area;

[0008] The control unit is respectively connected to the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator, and is configured to control the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator according to preset processing parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area using the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam, and stir the preset molten pool using the pulse laser beam.

[0009] The above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system drives the deposition head to move according to the processing path in the processing parameters through the motion unit, so as to cooperate with the multi-laser beam composed of infrared laser, blue or green laser and pulsed laser to realize the additive manufacturing of metal parts, welding of metal materials and laser cutting of metal materials. During the deposition processing such as additive manufacturing, metal welding and metal cutting, the blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulsed laser cooperate with each other to act synergistically on the material to be processed in the deposition area to improve the absorption rate of the laser by the material to be processed, reduce energy waste in the deposition processing, improve processing efficiency and reduce processing costs. In addition, during the deposition processing, the pulsed laser beam will also stir the preset molten pool formed on the material to be processed to form convection in the preset molten pool, promote the dynamic change of energy distribution in the preset molten pool, make the components evenly mixed, avoid local component segregation, and at the same time facilitate the overflow of bubbles from the preset molten pool, effectively improve the deposition processing quality and reduce the processing defect rate. Therefore, the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system uses the synergistic effect of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser to effectively improve the processing efficiency and quality of deposition processing such as additive manufacturing, metal welding, and metal cutting, and reduce processing costs and processing defect rates.

[0010] A multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method is applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system described above, wherein the multi-beam fusion deposition system further includes a feeding unit, wherein the discharge end of the feeding unit is mounted on the deposition head and is configured to deliver metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area, and the control unit is connected to the feeding unit. The multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

[0011] Establish 3D printing models of metal parts;

[0012] Performing layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional printing model to obtain multi-layer cross-sectional profile data;

[0013] Setting printing process parameters according to the multi-layer cross-sectional profile data and the design requirements of the metal material part;

[0014] The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, respectively, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam within the deposition area;

[0015] The control unit is used to control the operation of the motion unit, the feeding unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator respectively according to the printing process parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area by using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator. At the same time, the preset molten pool is stirred by using the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, so as to obtain a precision-manufactured component made of high-reflective material by layered printing.

[0016] The above-mentioned multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method obtains precision-manufactured parts made of high-reflective materials by executing the steps of establishing a three-dimensional printing model, setting printing process parameters, constructing an array-type spatial optical path, and stacking printing. During the execution of the above-mentioned additive manufacturing method, the array-type spatial optical path is constructed to ensure that the infrared laser beam, blue or green laser beam, and pulsed laser beam can be accurately focused on the deposition area during the entire printing process; the blue or green laser, infrared laser, and pulsed laser cooperate with each other to synergistically act on the material to be processed in the deposition area to improve the absorption rate of the laser by the material to be processed, effectively reducing the waste of laser energy in the stacking printing process and improving the printing efficiency of the stacking printing. Moreover, during the execution of the stacking printing step, the pulsed laser is used to continuously stir the preset molten pool formed in the deposition area, so as to make the composition in the preset molten pool uniform, suppress pores, stabilize the liquid flow, and effectively improve the printing quality. Therefore, the use of the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method effectively improves the processing efficiency and processing quality of high-reflectivity material additive manufacturing through the synergistic effect of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser, and reduces the processing cost of high-reflectivity material additive manufacturing.

[0017] A multi-beam fusion metal welding method is applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system as described above, wherein the light outlet of the pulse light path adjustment component is located between the light outlet of the infrared light path adjustment component and the light outlet of the blue or green light path adjustment component; the multi-beam fusion metal welding method comprises the following steps:

[0018] Positioning the metal material to be welded on the workbench so that the area to be welded of the metal parts to be welded is located in the deposition area;

[0019] The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, respectively, so as to form an array spatial optical path that enables the pulse laser to be vertically incident on the area to be welded and enables the infrared laser and the blue or green laser beam to be incident on the area to be welded at a preset inclination angle;

[0020] Setting welding process parameters according to the shape, size and plate thickness of the area to be welded;

[0021] The control unit is used to control the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator respectively according to the welding process parameters, so that the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator are used to melt and form a preset molten pool in the area to be welded, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator is used to stir the preset molten pool until a complete weld is formed in the area to be welded.

[0022] The above-mentioned multi-beam fusion metal welding method sets the light outlet of the pulse optical path adjustment component between the light outlet of the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the light outlet of the infrared optical path adjustment component, and adjusts the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, blue or green laser beam and pulse laser beam respectively through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the pulse optical path adjustment component to ensure that the pulse laser beam can irradiate the area to be welded vertically, and ensure that the infrared laser beam and the blue or green laser beam are inclined to the position of the pulse laser irradiation in the area to be welded at a preset inclination angle. In this way, the control unit controls the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator and the pulse laser generator according to the welding process parameters, so as to achieve the purpose of laser welding by melting the material of the metal material to be welded in the area to be welded. During the welding process of the metal materials to be welded, the laser absorption rate of the corresponding parts of the metal materials to be welded is improved by the blue or green laser beam, the power density of the parts during the welding process is increased by the infrared laser beam, and the welding energy is accurately controlled by the pulsed laser beam. In this way, the blue or green laser generator, the infrared laser generator and the pulsed laser generator work together to improve the welding efficiency and welding quality of the metal materials, reduce energy waste and reduce welding costs.

[0023] A multi-beam fusion metal cutting method is applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system as described above, and the multi-beam fusion metal cutting method comprises the following steps:

[0024] Positioning the metal material to be cut on the workbench;

[0025] Set cutting process parameters according to the cutting requirements of the metal material to be cut;

[0026] The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, respectively, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam within the deposition area;

[0027] The control unit is used to control the operation of the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator respectively according to the cutting process parameters, so as to utilize the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator to perform laser cutting on the metal material to be cut.

[0028] The above-mentioned multi-beam fusion metal cutting method adjusts the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, blue or green laser beam, and pulsed laser beam respectively through an infrared optical path adjustment component, a blue or green optical path adjustment component, and a pulsed optical path adjustment component to ensure that the infrared laser beam, blue or green laser beam, and pulsed laser beam can all be accurately focused on the metal material to be cut within the deposition area during the metal cutting process, thereby completing the laser cutting of the metal material to be cut according to the cutting requirements. Throughout the laser cutting process, the high absorptivity of the blue or green laser, the high power density of the infrared laser, and the precise energy control of the pulsed laser can more effectively fuse the metal material, reduce cutting processing time, improve cutting accuracy, and reduce cutting defect rates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a multi-beam fusion deposition system in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 1 is a schematic flow chart of an additive manufacturing method using multi-beam fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2Schematic diagram of the process of steps S1101 to S1103 added after step S110 in the additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of step 150 in the additive manufacturing method using multi-beam fusion is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the process of a metal welding method using multiple beam fusion according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the process of step S240 in the multi-beam fusion metal welding method;

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the process of a metal cutting method using multiple beam fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Description of the accompanying drawings in the specific implementation method: 10. Multi-beam fusion deposition system; 100. Workbench; 110. Deposition area; 200. Motion unit; 300. Deposition head; 400. Infrared laser; 410. Infrared laser generator; 500. Blue or green laser; 510. Blue or green laser generator; 600. Pulsed laser; 610. Pulsed laser generator; 700. Control unit; 800. Molten pool monitoring unit; 900. Feeding unit; 1000. Gas protection unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the present disclosure.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0039] When describing positional relationships, unless otherwise specified, when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also exist. It is also understood that when an element is referred to as being "between" two elements, it can be the only one between the two elements, or one or more intervening elements may also exist.

[0040] In the case of using “including,” “having,” and “comprising” described herein, another component may be added unless a clear limiting term such as “only,” “consisting of,” etc. is used. Unless mentioned otherwise, a term in the singular form may include a plural form and should not be understood as having one number.

[0041] See also Figure 1 The multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 in a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a workbench 100, a motion unit 200, a deposition head 300, an infrared laser 400, a blue or green laser 500, a pulsed laser 600 and a control unit 700.

[0042] The workbench 100 has a deposition area 110. The deposition area 110 is primarily a working area for deposition processing. The deposition head 300 is located above the workbench 100. The motion end of the motion unit 200 is connected to the deposition head 300 and is used to drive the deposition head 300 to move within the deposition area 110 according to a preset processing trajectory. The motion unit 200 can be an intelligent machine such as a robot that can drive the deposition head 300 to move freely in space. It can also include a power device such as a servo motor and a hydraulic cylinder, and a guide structure for guiding the deposition head 300 to rise and fall in the vertical direction and move in the horizontal plane.

[0043] The infrared laser 400 includes an infrared laser generator 410 and an infrared optical path adjustment assembly (not shown). The blue or green laser 500 includes a blue or green laser generator 510 and a blue or green optical path adjustment assembly (not shown). The pulsed laser 600 includes a pulsed laser generator 610 and a pulsed optical path adjustment assembly (not shown). The infrared optical path adjustment assembly, the blue or green optical path adjustment assembly, and the pulsed laser path adjustment assembly are all mounted on the deposition head 300 to form an array-type spatial optical path. These components are configured to focus the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser generator 610 within the deposition area 110. The infrared optical path adjustment components, blue or green optical path adjustment components, and pulsed laser path adjustment components all include optical elements such as lenses, reflectors, light pipes, microlens homogenizers, or diffractive optical elements to collimate, focus, and homogenize the infrared, blue or green, and pulsed laser beams, thereby achieving a suitable spot shape and energy distribution. Specifically, the wavelength range of the infrared laser is 800nm ​​to 2000nm, and the wavelength range of the blue or green laser is 400nm to 600nm.

[0044] The control unit 700 is respectively connected to the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser generator 610, and is configured to control the operation of the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser generator 610 according to preset processing parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area 110 using the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam and the pulse laser beam, and stir the preset molten pool using the pulse laser beam.

[0045] The multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 described above uses a motion unit 200 to drive a deposition head 300 to move along a processing path specified in the processing parameters. This system utilizes multiple laser beams composed of infrared lasers, blue or green lasers, and pulsed lasers to achieve deposition processing operations such as additive manufacturing of metal parts (including conventional metals and highly reflective metals), laser welding of metal materials, and laser cutting of metal materials. During deposition processes such as additive manufacturing, metal welding, and metal cutting, the blue or green lasers, infrared lasers, and pulsed lasers work together to synergistically act on the material to be processed within the deposition area 110, thereby increasing the material's absorption rate of the laser light. This effectively reduces energy waste during the deposition process, improves processing efficiency, and reduces processing costs.

[0046] In addition, during the deposition process, the pulsed laser beam will also continuously stir the preset molten pool formed in the deposition area 110 to form convection in the preset molten pool, causing the energy distribution in the preset molten pool to change dynamically, so that the components are evenly mixed and local component segregation is avoided. At the same time, it is conducive to the overflow of bubbles from the preset molten pool, effectively improving the deposition processing quality and reducing the processing defect rate.

[0047] Therefore, the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 uses the synergistic effect of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser to effectively improve the processing efficiency and processing quality of deposition processing such as additive manufacturing, metal welding, and metal cutting, and reduce processing costs and processing defect rates.

[0048] It should be noted that when the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 is used in different manufacturing processes or processing occasions, some functional units can be adaptively added according to the needs of the processing technology. For example, in additive manufacturing, a feeding unit 900 is added to synchronously transport printing materials into the deposition area 110 during the layered printing process.

[0049] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a molten pool monitoring unit 800. The molten pool monitoring unit 800 is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the deposition area 110 in real time. The molten pool characteristic parameters include the molten pool temperature and the molten pool size. Of course, for different usage scenarios, other parameters can be added to the molten pool characteristic parameters in a targeted manner. For example, in additive manufacturing, the molten pool characteristics also include the deposition layer thickness, deposition layer width, etc.; in metal welding, the molten pool characteristic parameters also include the weld width, etc.; in metal cutting, the molten pool characteristic parameters also include the thickness of the metal material to be welded, the cutting quality requirements (such as the roughness of the cutting surface, the verticality of the cutting surface, etc.), etc.

[0050] The control unit 700 is in communication with the melt pool monitoring unit 800 and is used to adjust the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam and energy parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time based on the melt pool characteristic parameters during the deposition process, so as to stabilize the melt pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range. The beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 include pulse energy, pulse width, and repetition rate.

[0051] In this way, during the deposition process, the molten pool monitoring unit 800 moves along with the deposition head 300, and can accurately monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time. When certain parameter values ​​within the molten pool characteristic parameters change or exceed the preset range, the control unit 700 immediately and specifically adjusts the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, or the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 until the molten pool characteristic parameters stabilize within the preset parameter range. Therefore, during the deposition process, the laser energy input can be adjusted in a timely manner through real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanisms to maintain the stable state of the preset molten pool, avoid problems such as overheating, overcooling, or irregular shape, thereby improving the stability and repeatability of the deposition process and further improving the processing quality of the deposition process.

[0052] Specifically, the control unit 700 is configured to perform real-time regulation of the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 according to the molten pool characteristic parameters and the following calculation method during the deposition process.

[0053] The calculation method is:

[0054] The laser power absorbed by the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: :

[0055] ;in, is the intensity of the laser beam at the preset molten pool, β is the absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool to the laser, Alpha is the cross-sectional area of ​​the preset molten pool;

[0056] When multi-light fusion is performed during the deposition process, the total absorbed power of the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: :

[0057] ;in, 、 and The power of blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser reaching the preset molten pool, 、 and The absorption rates of the preset molten pool to blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser respectively;

[0058] During the deposition process, the energy distribution in the molten pool is preset to be a Gaussian distribution. The coordinate system is established with the center position of the preset molten pool as the coordinate origin (0,0). The energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is Calculated according to the following formula:

[0059] ; Wherein, σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution; σ can be determined by experimental measurement or theoretical calculation;

[0060] When the pulsed laser beam stirs the deposited material in the preset molten pool, at time t, the energy transfer caused by stirring convection in the preset molten pool is expressed by the following convection-diffusion equation:

[0061] ;in, is the dynamic energy density at the preset point (x, y) inside the molten pool at time t, , is the convection velocity of the preset molten pool internal point (x, y) at time t, α is the heat diffusion system, is the instantaneous energy of the laser input;

[0062] If the laser input is multi-laser input, ;

[0063] If the laser input is a pulse laser input, .

[0064] It should be noted that a quasi-Gaussian distribution usually refers to a probability distribution that is similar to the standard Gaussian distribution (normal distribution) in form or characteristics but has some differences. This type of distribution may exhibit core characteristics such as a bell curve and symmetry, but may have some adjustments in skewness, kurtosis, or tail characteristics.

[0065] By laser power It can be seen from the calculation formula that the absorption of laser energy by the preset molten pool is related to the absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool and the intensity of the laser at the preset molten pool.

[0066] The laser absorptivity of the deposited material within the pre-set melt pool can be determined using software (for example, software with a repository of refractive indices and absorptivity data allows workers to search for sample names, obtain the corresponding refractive indices and absorptivity, and then select the material directly). Alternatively, the refractive index and absorptivity of the sample can be found in material manuals, books, experienced laboratories, or online. Laser particle size analysis systems can also be used to directly measure the sample's refractive index and absorptivity. In other words, the intensity of infrared, blue, or green laser light at the pre-set melt pool can be directly determined using software, material manuals, books, experienced laboratories, or online, or through direct measurement using a laser particle size analysis system.

[0067] The above calculation method is the basis for the control of the control unit 700 and is also the basis of the control mechanism. The control unit 700 converts the various parameter values ​​in the received molten pool characteristic parameters in real time through the above calculation method, thereby converting and generating control instructions corresponding to each parameter, and then controls the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510 and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the control instructions to ensure that the molten pool parameters can be stabilized within the preset parameter range and ensure the stability of the environment in the preset molten pool.

[0068] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a gas shielding unit 1000. The gas shielding unit 1000 is configured to deliver an inert shielding gas into the deposition area 110. Thus, during the deposition process of the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10, an inert shielding gas is delivered into the deposition area 110 to reduce the probability of high-temperature oxidation of the metal in the deposition area 110 during the deposition process, thereby further improving the deposition process quality.

[0069] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a feeding unit 900. The discharge end of the feeding unit 900 is mounted on the deposition head 300. The feeding unit 900 is configured to deliver metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area 110. The control unit 700 is connected to the feeding unit 900 and is configured to control the operation of the feeding unit 900 and match the feeding speed of the feeding unit 900 with the movement speed of the deposition head 300 driven by the motion unit 200.

[0070] In actual applications, for some deposition processes that require the delivery of materials into the deposition area 110 to complete, such as additive manufacturing processes, it is necessary to first start the feeding unit 900 and the motion unit 200, and then the control unit 700 matches the feeding speed of the feeding unit 900 with the movement speed of the motion unit 200 driving the deposition head 300, so as to achieve the purpose of delivering metal wire or metal powder into the deposition head 300. Then, the control unit 700 is used to control the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 according to the processing parameters according to the preset requirements, and the laser can act on the metal wire or metal powder in the deposition area 110 to achieve additive manufacturing. The control unit 700 accurately matches the feeding speed of the feeding unit 900 and the movement of the deposition head 300 driven by the motion unit 200 to further improve the deposition processing quality.

[0071] The present application also provides a multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method, which is applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 described above. The multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 also includes a feeding unit 900. The discharge end of the feeding unit 900 is mounted on the deposition head 300 and is configured to deliver metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area 110. The control unit 700 is connected to the feeding unit 900.

[0072] Please also refer to Figure 2 The multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method includes steps S110 to S150.

[0073] Step S110: Create a 3D printing model of a metal part. Metal materials include standard metals and highly reflective metals. Highly reflective materials are materials with high reflectivity at specific wavelengths. For example, copper alloys and aluminum alloys have reflectivity of up to 95% for infrared lasers.

[0074] Step S120 , performing layered slicing processing on the 3D printing model to obtain multi-layer cross-sectional profile data.

[0075] Step S130: Setting printing process parameters based on the multi-layer cross-sectional profile data and the design requirements of the metal part, wherein the design requirements of the metal part refer to the structural strength and surface accuracy of the part.

[0076] In step S140, the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator 610 are adjusted respectively by means of an infrared optical path adjustment component, a blue or green optical path adjustment component, and a pulse optical path adjustment component to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam within the deposition area 110.

[0077] Among them, the infrared light path adjustment component, the blue or green light path adjustment component, and the pulsed laser path adjustment component all include optical elements, such as lenses, reflectors, light pipes, microlens homogenizers or diffraction optical elements, etc., to collimate, focus, and homogenize the infrared laser beam, blue or green laser beam, and pulsed laser beam, so as to obtain a suitable spot shape and energy distribution.

[0078] In step S150, the control unit 700 is used to control the movement unit 200, the feeding unit 900, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser generator 610 to operate according to the printing process parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area 110 by using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator 610. At the same time, the preset molten pool is stirred by using the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator 610, so as to obtain a precision-manufactured component made of high-reflective material by layered printing.

[0079] Specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator is 400 nm to 600 nm, and the operating power is 1000 W. The wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 800 nm to 2000 nm, and the operating power is 3 kW. The maximum pulse energy of the pulsed laser generator 610 is 300 mJ, the pulse width is adjustable from 0.5 ms to 5 ms, and the repetition rate is adjustable from 100 Hz to 500 Hz. More specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator is 450 nm, and the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 1064 nm.

[0080] By executing the above steps S110 to S150, a precision-manufactured component made of a high-reflective material can be obtained by additive manufacturing. By executing step S140 to build an array-type spatial optical path, the array-type spatial optical path can be used to ensure that the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam can be accurately focused on the deposition area 110 during the entire printing process, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the subsequent step S150. In the process of executing step S150, the blue or green laser, the infrared laser, and the pulsed laser cooperate with each other to synergistically act on the material to be processed in the deposition area 110, so as to improve the absorption rate of the laser by the material to be processed, effectively reduce the waste of laser energy in the stacking printing process, and improve the printing efficiency of the stacking printing. Moreover, in the process of executing the stacking printing step, the pulsed laser is used to continuously stir the preset molten pool formed in the deposition area 110, so as to make the composition in the preset molten pool uniform, suppress pores, stabilize the liquid flow, and effectively improve the printing quality.

[0081] Therefore, the use of the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method effectively improves the processing efficiency and processing quality of high-reflectivity material additive manufacturing through the synergistic effect of infrared laser, blue or green laser, and pulsed laser, and reduces the processing cost of high-reflectivity material additive manufacturing.

[0082] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a molten pool monitoring unit 800 . The molten pool monitoring unit 800 is in communication with the control unit 700 .

[0083] While executing step S150, the molten pool monitoring unit is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time. The molten pool characteristic parameters include molten pool temperature, molten pool size, deposition layer height, and deposition layer width.

[0084] While executing step S150, the process also includes the following steps: During the layer-by-layer printing process, the control unit 700 controls the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the operating power of the pulsed laser generator 610, as well as the beam and energy parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time based on the melt pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the melt pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range. The beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 include pulse energy, pulse width, and repetition rate.

[0085] Thus, during the execution of step S150, the molten pool monitoring unit 800 moves along with the deposition head 300, and during the movement, accurately monitors the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time. When certain parameter values ​​within the molten pool characteristic parameters change or exceed the preset range values, the control unit 700 immediately adjusts the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, or the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in a targeted manner according to these parameters that have changed or exceeded the preset range values, until the molten pool characteristic parameters stabilize within the preset parameter range. Therefore, during the additive manufacturing process of metal parts, the laser energy input can be adjusted in a timely manner through the real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanism to maintain the stable state of the preset molten pool, avoid problems such as overheating, overcooling, or irregular shape, thereby improving the stability and repeatability of the additive manufacturing process and further improving the processing quality of additive manufacturing.

[0086] Specifically, the control unit 700 is used to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulse laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range. The steps are as follows: the control unit 700 is used to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters and the following calculation method to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range.

[0087] The calculation method includes: calculating the laser power absorbed by the preset molten pool according to the following formula :

[0088] ;in, is the intensity of the laser beam at the preset molten pool, β is the absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool to the laser, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the preset molten pool;

[0089] When multi-light fusion is performed during the deposition process, the total absorbed power of the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: :

[0090] ;in, 、 and The power of blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser reaching the preset molten pool, 、 and The absorption rates of the preset molten pool to blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser respectively;

[0091] During the deposition process, the energy distribution in the molten pool is preset to be a Gaussian distribution. The coordinate system is established with the center position of the preset molten pool as the coordinate origin (0,0). The energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is Calculated according to the following formula:

[0092] ; Where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution;

[0093] When the pulsed laser beam stirs the deposited material in the preset molten pool, at time t, the energy transfer caused by stirring convection in the preset molten pool is expressed by the following convection-diffusion equation:

[0094] ;in, is the dynamic energy density at the preset point (x, y) inside the molten pool at time t, is the convection velocity of the preset molten pool internal point (x, y) at time t, α is the heat diffusion system, is the instantaneous energy of the laser input;

[0095] If the laser input is multi-laser input, ;

[0096] If the laser input is a pulse laser input, .

[0097] It should be noted that a quasi-Gaussian distribution usually refers to a probability distribution that is similar to the standard Gaussian distribution (normal distribution) in form or characteristics but has some differences. This type of distribution may exhibit core characteristics such as a bell curve and symmetry, but may have some adjustments in skewness, kurtosis, or tail characteristics.

[0098] The above calculation method is the basis for the control of the control unit 700 and is also the basis of the control mechanism. The control unit 700 converts the various parameter values ​​in the received molten pool characteristic parameters in real time through the above calculation method, thereby converting and generating control instructions corresponding to each parameter, and then dynamically controls the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time according to the control instructions to ensure that the molten pool parameters can be stabilized within the preset parameter range and ensure the stability of the environment in the preset molten pool.

[0099] Please also refer to Figure 3 Furthermore, in some embodiments, step S110 also includes steps S1101 to S1103.

[0100] Step S1101: Mark the 3D printing model into a fine part and a regular part according to whether the surface of the metal part requires fine processing.

[0101] In step S1102, the control unit 700 is used to control the movement unit 200, the feeding unit 900, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser generator 610 to respectively operate so as to obtain conventional parts in the metal material parts by stacking printing according to conventional parts.

[0102] In step S1103, the control unit 700 controls the feeding unit 900 to stop feeding and controls the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulsed laser generator 610 to operate, thereby remelting or impact strengthening the fine parts of the metal part. The fine parts are those parts of the metal part that require high machining accuracy and high strength.

[0103] Therefore, different stacking printing processes are used for conventional parts and fine processing parts of metal parts respectively. Especially when high processing precision and high strength requirements are required in parts, the feeding unit 900 is suspended, and only the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the pulse laser generator 610 are used to work together to perform fine remelting or impact strengthening processing on the corresponding parts, thereby improving the processing precision and structural strength of this part of the structure.

[0104] Specifically, step S1102 is: using the control unit 700 to respectively control the motion unit 200, the feeding unit 900, the infrared laser generator 410 with a first power accuracy, the blue or green laser generator 510 with a second power accuracy, and the pulse laser generator 610 to operate with a first pulse width and a first repetition rate, so as to obtain a conventional part of a metal material part according to conventional partial stacking printing.

[0105] Step S1103 is to use the control unit 700 to control the feeding unit 900 to stop feeding, and respectively control the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410 to operate at the third power accuracy, the blue or green laser generator 510 to operate at the fourth power accuracy, and the pulse laser generator 610 to operate at the second pulse width and the second repetition rate, so as to obtain the fine parts of the metal material parts according to the fine part stacking printing.

[0106] The first power accuracy is less than the third power accuracy, the second power accuracy is less than the fourth power accuracy, the first pulse width is greater than the second pulse width, and the first repetition rate is less than the second repetition rate. Therefore, when executing step S1103, the power accuracy of infrared laser generator 410 and blue or green laser generator 510 is improved, the pulse width of pulse laser generator 610 is reduced, and the repetition rate of pulse laser generator 610 is increased, thereby enabling layer-by-layer fine remelting processing to obtain fine features of metal parts with improved precision and performance compared to conventional features.

[0107] It should be noted that the execution order of step S1102 and step S1103 is related to the order of fine parts and conventional parts in the actual processing process. The two can be performed simultaneously, or one can be performed before the other. No specific limitation is made here.

[0108] Please also refer to Figure 4 , further, in some embodiments, step S150 includes steps S151 to S157.

[0109] In step S151 , the control unit 700 is used to control the motion unit 200 to move the deposition head 300 according to the processing path in the processing parameters.

[0110] Step S152 , while executing step S151 , utilize the control unit 700 to control the feeding unit 900 to feed metal powder or metal wire into the deposition area 110 .

[0111] In step S153, while executing step S151, the control unit 700 is used to control the feeding unit 900 to stop working, and the blue or green laser generator 510 is controlled to run at a first power and the infrared laser generator 410 is controlled to run at a second power for a first preset time to preheat the metal powder or metal wire in the deposition area 110.

[0112] Specifically, the first power is 5% to 10% of the total power, the second power is 10% to 15% of the total power, and the first preset time is 0.5s to 1s.

[0113] The control unit 700 can control the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 to start after step S140 is completed, or to start them in advance before step S140 is completed. When starting in advance, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 start in advance for a first preset time.

[0114] In step S154, while executing step S151, the control unit 700 is used to control the pulse laser generator 610 to operate for a second preset time with extremely high energy pulses, extremely narrow pulse width and low repetition rate to perform micro-melting impact on the preheated metal powder or metal wire.

[0115] Specifically, the pulse energy of the extremely high energy pulse is 85% to 95% of the maximum pulse energy, the extremely narrow pulse width is 0.08 ms to 0.15 ms, the extremely low repetition rate is 8 Hz to 20 Hz, and the second preset time is 0.2 s to 0.4 s.

[0116] Step S155, while executing step S151, the control unit 700 switches the pulse laser generator 610 to medium energy pulses, moderate pulse width and high repetition rate within a third preset time and operates the pulse laser generator 610 to stir the preset molten pool.

[0117] Specifically, the third preset time is 0.1s, the pulse energy of the medium energy pulse is 25% to 35% of the maximum pulse energy, the moderate pulse width is 1.2ms to 2ms, and the high repetition rate is 120Hz to 250Hz.

[0118] Step S156, while executing step S151 and step S155, the control unit 700 is used to control the infrared laser generator 410 to operate at the third power and the blue or green laser generator 510 to operate at the fourth power, so as to collaboratively provide energy to the preset molten pool.

[0119] Specifically, the third power is 50% to 65% of the total power, and the fourth power is 20% to 30% of the total power.

[0120] In step S157, the process returns to step S152 and continues until a precision additive manufacturing component is obtained by printing layer by layer. In this manner, the process returns to step S152 to step S156 and continues until a precision additive manufacturing component is obtained by printing layer by layer.

[0121] Thus, when executing step S150, firstly, step S151 to step S152 are executed to transport the metal wire or metal powder into the preset area, and step S153 is executed to preheat the metal wire or metal powder in the deposition area 110 to reduce the subsequent laser energy impact, avoid cracks caused by sudden heating of the metal wire or metal powder, and make the material initially softened to facilitate subsequent processing; and step S154 is executed to perform micro melting impact (pulse pretreatment) on the preheated metal wire or metal powder in the deposition area 110, thereby producing microscopic melting pits and roughness with a depth of 0.05mm to 0.1mm. degree to improve the absorption rate of the subsequent blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410. At this time, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 maintain the preheating function of step S153; by executing steps S155 and S156, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 are used to collaboratively provide energy to maintain the deposition state of the preset molten pool, and the pulsed laser is used to continuously stir the preset molten pool to promote the uniformity of the composition in the preset molten pool, suppress pores, and form a stable liquid flow; by executing step S157, the stacking printing of the entire metal material part is realized.

[0122] Specifically, during step S156, when the melt pool characteristic parameters monitored by the melt pool monitoring unit 800 indicate that 0.5 mm to 1 mm of material has been deposited, the control unit 700 controls the power of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510 to be fine-tuned by ±3%. In other words, during step S156, for every 0.5 mm to 1 mm of material deposited in the preset melt pool, the control unit 700 fine-tunes the power of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510 by ±3%.

[0123] Furthermore, in some embodiments, after step S157, step S158 and step S159 are also included.

[0124] In step S158 , within a fourth preset time before the end of layer-by-layer printing, the control unit 700 is used to switch the pulse laser generator 610 to high energy pulses, narrow pulse width, and medium repetition rate to strengthen the microstructure of the top of the precision additive manufacturing component in the deposition area 110 .

[0125] Specifically, the fourth preset time is 0.3s-0.6s, the pulse energy of the high-energy pulse is 70%-80% of the maximum pulse energy, the narrow pulse width is 0.15ms-0.3ms, and the medium repetition rate is 60Hz-100Hz.

[0126] In step S159, within a fourth preset time period before the end of layer-by-layer printing, the control unit 700 gradually reduces the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510. Within a fifth preset time period, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510 is linearly reduced to the first power, and the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410 is linearly reduced to the second power. The fifth preset time period is less than the fourth preset time period. Specifically, the fifth preset time period is 0.2 seconds to 0.4 seconds.

[0127] In this way, by executing steps S158 and S159, the precision-manufactured components printed in layers are finished and refined. By executing step S158, the pulsed laser is used to strengthen the microstructure of the top of the molten pool and improve the bonding strength of the deposited layer. By executing step S159, the preset molten pool is ensured to solidify smoothly and the surface of the deposited layer is flat and smooth. According to practical verification, the surface roughness of the deposited layer after step S159 can reach Ra0.8-Ra1.6μm.

[0128] Specifically, after executing step S159 , the pulse laser generator 610 , the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510 are turned off with a delay of 0.1s to 0.2s to further ensure that the molten pool solidifies steadily and the deposited layer is flat and smooth.

[0129] Specifically, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a gas protection unit 1000 . The control unit 700 and the gas protection unit 1000 are configured to deliver an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110 .

[0130] While step S150 is being executed, the control unit 700 is used to control the gas shielding unit 1000 to start up, so as to deliver the inert shielding gas into the deposition area 110 .

[0131] In this way, during the additive manufacturing process, an inert protective gas is delivered into the deposition area 110 to reduce the probability of high-temperature oxidation of the metal in the deposition area 110 during the layered printing process, thereby further improving the processing quality of additive manufacturing.

[0132] The present application also provides a multi-beam fusion metal welding method, which is applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10. The light outlet of the pulse light path adjustment component is located between the light outlet of the infrared light path adjustment component and the light outlet of the blue or green light path adjustment component.

[0133] Please also refer to Figure 5 The multi-beam fusion metal welding method includes steps S210 to S240.

[0134] In step S210 , the technical materials to be welded are positioned on the workbench 100 , and the welding area of ​​the metal parts to be welded is located within the deposition area 110 .

[0135] In step S220, the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator 610 are respectively adjusted by the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component to form an array-type spatial optical path that enables the pulse laser to be incident vertically on the area to be welded, and enables the infrared laser and the blue or green laser beam to be incident on the area to be welded at a preset inclination angle.

[0136] Step S230: setting welding process parameters according to the shape and size of the area to be welded.

[0137] In step S240, the control unit 700 is used to control the operation of the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser generator 610 according to the welding process parameters, so as to utilize the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator 610 to melt and form a preset molten pool in the area to be welded, and at the same time utilize the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator 610 to stir the preset molten pool until a complete weld is formed in the area to be welded.

[0138] By executing the above steps S210 to S240, laser welding of the metal material to be welded is achieved. The light outlet of the pulse optical path adjustment component is set at a position between the light outlet of the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the light outlet of the infrared optical path adjustment component, and the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam and the pulse laser beam respectively to ensure that the pulse laser beam can be vertically irradiated to the area to be welded, and to ensure that the infrared laser beam and the blue or green laser beam are inclined at a preset inclination angle to the position of the pulse laser irradiation in the area to be welded. In this way, the control unit 700 controls the movement unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the pulse laser generator 610 to operate according to the welding process parameters, so as to achieve the purpose of laser welding by melting the material of the metal material to be welded in the area to be welded.

[0139] During the welding process of the metal material to be welded, the laser absorption rate of the corresponding part of the metal material to be welded is improved by a blue or green laser beam, the power density of the part during the welding process is increased by an infrared laser beam, and the welding energy is accurately controlled by a pulsed laser beam. In this way, the blue or green laser generator 510, the infrared laser generator 410 and the pulsed laser generator 610 work together to improve the welding efficiency and welding quality of the metal material, reduce energy waste, and reduce welding costs.

[0140] Specifically, there are two blue or green laser generators 510, each with a wavelength range of 400 nm to 600 nm and an operating power of 300 W. There is one infrared laser generator 410, each with a wavelength range of 800 nm to 2000 nm and an operating power of 3 kW. There is one pulsed laser generator 610, each with a maximum pulse energy of 200 mJ, an adjustable pulse width range of 0.5 ms to 5 ms, and an adjustable repetition rate range of 50 Hz to 500 Hz. More specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator is 450 nm, and the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 1550 nm.

[0141] In some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a molten pool monitoring unit 800 . The molten pool monitoring unit 800 is in communication with the control unit 700 .

[0142] While executing step S240, the molten pool monitoring unit is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time. The molten pool characteristic parameters include the molten pool temperature and the molten pool weld width.

[0143] While executing step S240, the control unit 700 is used to adjust the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the operating power of the pulse laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range.

[0144] Thus, during the execution of step S240, the molten pool monitoring unit 800 moves along with the deposition head 300, and during the movement, accurately monitors the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time. When certain parameter values ​​in the molten pool characteristic parameters change or exceed the preset range values, the control unit 700 immediately adjusts the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the operating power of the pulsed laser generator 610, or the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in a targeted manner according to these parameters that have changed or exceeded the preset range values, until the molten pool characteristic parameters stabilize within the preset parameter range. Therefore, during the execution of step S240, the laser energy input can be adjusted in a timely manner through real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanisms to maintain the stable state of the preset molten pool, ensure the stable progress of the welding process, and further improve the welding quality.

[0145] Specifically, the control unit 700 is used to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulse laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range. The steps are as follows: the control unit 700 is used to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610 in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters and the following calculation method to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range.

[0146] Calculation methods include:

[0147] The laser power absorbed by the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: :

[0148] ;in, is the intensity of the laser beam at the preset molten pool, β is the absorption rate of the deposited material in the preset molten pool to the laser, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the preset molten pool;

[0149] When multi-light fusion is performed during the deposition process, the total absorbed power of the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: :

[0150] ;in, 、 and The power of blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser reaching the preset molten pool, 、 and The absorption rates of the preset molten pool to blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser respectively;

[0151] During the deposition process, the energy distribution in the molten pool is preset to be a Gaussian distribution. The coordinate system is established with the center position of the preset molten pool as the coordinate origin (0,0). The energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is Calculated according to the following formula:

[0152] ; Where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution;

[0153] When the pulsed laser beam stirs the deposited material in the preset molten pool, at time t, the energy transfer caused by stirring convection in the preset molten pool is expressed by the following convection-diffusion equation:

[0154] ;in, is the dynamic energy density at the preset point (x, y) inside the molten pool at time t, is the convection velocity of the preset molten pool internal point (x, y) at time t, α is the heat diffusion system, is the instantaneous energy of the laser input;

[0155] If the laser input is multi-laser input, ;

[0156] If the laser input is a pulse laser input, .

[0157] It should be noted that a quasi-Gaussian distribution usually refers to a probability distribution that is similar to the standard Gaussian distribution (normal distribution) in form or characteristics but has some differences. This type of distribution may exhibit core characteristics such as a bell curve and symmetry, but may have some adjustments in skewness, kurtosis, or tail characteristics.

[0158] The above calculation method is the basis for the control of the control unit 700 and is also the basis of the control mechanism. The control unit 700 converts the various parameter values ​​in the received molten pool characteristic parameters in real time through the above calculation method, thereby converting and generating control instructions corresponding to each parameter, and then dynamically controls the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulse laser generator 610 and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610 in real time according to the control instructions to ensure that the molten pool parameters can be stabilized within the preset parameter range, ensure the stability of the environment in the preset molten pool, and ensure that the welding process is stable.

[0159] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the steps of using the control unit 700 to control in real time the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the operating power of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 according to the molten pool characteristic parameters include:

[0160] If the molten pool characteristic parameters indicate that the absolute value of the molten pool temperature is greater than the preset temperature deviation value, the control unit 700 is used to adjust the operating power and beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610 in real time to stabilize the molten pool temperature within the preset temperature range;

[0161] If the molten pool characteristic parameter shows that the absolute value of the weld width deviation is greater than the preset width deviation, the control unit 700 is used to adjust the power distribution ratio of the infrared laser generator 410 and the blue or green laser generator 510 in real time.

[0162] Specifically, the preset temperature deviation value is ±30°C, that is, when the fluctuation of the molten pool temperature exceeds ±30°C, the control unit 700 realizes real-time regulation by changing the working power of the pulse laser generator 610 and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610.

[0163] Specifically, the preset width deviation value is ±0.5 mm, that is, when the molten pool characteristic parameter shows that the width deviation of the weld exceeds ±0.5 mm, the control unit 700 immediately adjusts the power distribution ratio of the blue or green laser generator 510.

[0164] It should be noted that the power allocation ratio of the blue or green laser generator 510 refers to the ratio of the power of the blue or green laser generator 510 to the total power.

[0165] Therefore, during the execution of step S240, the control unit 700 can ensure the stability of the welding temperature by adjusting the working power and beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, and ensure the stability of the absorption rate per unit area at the weld by adjusting the power valve distribution ratio of the blue or green laser generator 510, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire welding process.

[0166] Please also refer to Figure 6 In some embodiments, step S240 includes steps S241 to S244.

[0167] In step S241 , the control unit 700 is used to control the motion unit 200 to move the deposition head 300 according to the processing path in the welding process parameters.

[0168] Step S242, while executing step S241, the control unit 700 is used to control the pulse laser generator 610 to operate with high energy pulses, narrow pulse width and low repetition rate to perform micro-melting pretreatment on the material surface of the welding area.

[0169] Specifically, the pulse energy of the high-energy pulse is 80% of the maximum pulse energy, the narrow pulse width is 0.2 ms to 0.5 ms, and the low repetition rate is 20 Hz to 50 Hz.

[0170] Step S243, while executing step S241, use the control unit 700 to control the infrared laser generator 410 to operate at the fifth power and the blue or green laser generator 510 to operate at the pre-sixth power, so as to collaboratively provide energy to the area to be welded after micro-melting pre-treatment, so as to form a preset molten pool in the area to be welded.

[0171] Specifically, the fifth power is 60% to 70% of the total power, and the sixth power is 30% to 40%.

[0172] In step S244 , while executing step S241 and step S243 , the control unit 700 is used to control the pulse laser generator 610 to operate at low pulse energy, moderate pulse width, and high repetition rate to stir the preset molten pool.

[0173] Specifically, the low pulse energy is 20% to 30% of the maximum pulse energy, the moderate pulse width is 1 ms to 2 ms, and the high repetition rate is 100 Hz to 200 Hz.

[0174] Thus, when executing step S240, steps S210 to S220 are first executed to pre-treat the welding area on the metal material to be welded, causing the surface of the material in the welding area to be slightly melted, forming a tiny molten pit and a rough surface, thereby improving the absorption rate of the material in the welding area to the subsequent blue or green laser and infrared laser. By executing steps S243 and S244, the blue or green laser generator 510 and the infrared laser generator 410 are used to collaboratively provide energy to maintain the deposition state of the preset molten pool in the welding area, and the pulsed laser is used to continuously stir the preset molten pool, promoting uniform mixing of elements in the preset molten pool and reducing the occurrence of welding defects such as pores and cracks. Therefore, by executing steps S210 to S240, the welding quality is further improved.

[0175] Specifically, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a gas protection unit 1000 . The control unit 700 and the gas protection unit 1000 are configured to deliver an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110 .

[0176] While step S240 is being executed, the control unit 700 is used to control the gas shielding unit 1000 to start up, so as to deliver the inert shielding gas into the deposition area 110 .

[0177] In this way, during the additive manufacturing process, an inert shielding gas is delivered into the deposition area 110 to reduce the probability of high-temperature oxidation of the metal in the deposition area 110 during the metal welding process, thereby further improving the welding quality.

[0178] In some embodiments, the infrared optical path adjustment assembly, the blue or green optical path adjustment assembly, and the pulsed spatial optical path adjustment assembly all include a microlens homogenizer and a dynamic focusing lens. The microlens homogenizer and dynamic focusing lens ensure that the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam are evenly distributed across the weld in the weld area, further improving weld quality.

[0179] The present application also provides a multi-beam fusion metal cutting method, which is applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10. Figure 7 The multi-beam fusion metal cutting method includes steps S310 to S340.

[0180] Step S310 , positioning the metal material to be cut on the workbench 100 .

[0181] The metal material to be cut can be directly fixed on the workbench 100 , or can be placed on the workbench 100 , and the position of the metal material to be cut on the workbench 100 can be limited by the limiting structure on the workbench 100 .

[0182] When the areas to be cut of the metal material to be cut are all located in the deposition area 110, the metal material to be cut remains stationary on the workbench 100 during the entire cutting process; when the deposition area 110 can only cover part of the areas to be cut of the metal material to be cut, after the cutting of the part of the metal material to be cut located in the deposition area 110 is completed, the uncut part of the metal material to be cut can be moved to the deposition area 110 by other auxiliary devices or manual pulling.

[0183] Step S320: setting cutting process parameters according to the cutting requirements of the metal material to be cut.

[0184] In step S330, the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator 610 are adjusted respectively through the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam within the deposition area 110.

[0185] In step S340, the control unit 700 is used to control the motion unit 200, the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser generator 610 to operate according to the cutting process parameters, so as to use the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator 410, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator 510, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator 610 to perform laser cutting on the metal material to be cut.

[0186] By executing the above steps S310 to S340, the laser cutting of the metal material to be cut is achieved. The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam, respectively, to ensure that the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam can all be accurately focused on the metal material to be cut in the deposition area 110 during the metal cutting process, thereby completing the laser cutting of the metal material to be cut according to the cutting requirements.

[0187] During the execution of step S340, the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulsed laser beam work together on the cutting position of the metal material to be cut, so as to utilize the high absorption rate of the blue or green laser, the high power density of the infrared laser, and the precise energy control of the pulsed laser, so as to more effectively melt the metal material, reduce the cutting processing time, improve the cutting accuracy, and reduce the cutting defect rate.

[0188] Specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator 510 is 400 nm to 600 nm, with an operating power of 400 W; the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 800 nm to 2000 nm, with an operating power of 1.5 kW; the maximum pulse energy of the pulsed laser generator 610 is 150 mJ, the pulse width is adjustable from 0.2 ms to 2 ms, and the repetition rate is adjustable from 200 Hz to 1000 Hz. More specifically, the wavelength range of the blue or green laser generator is 450 nm, and the wavelength range of the infrared laser generator 410 is 1064 nm.

[0189] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a molten pool monitoring unit 800 . The molten pool monitoring unit 800 is in communication with the control unit 700 .

[0190] While executing step S340 , the molten pool monitoring unit 800 is used to monitor the cutting characteristic parameters of the cutting position on the metal material to be cut in real time.

[0191] While executing step S340, the control unit 700 is used to adjust in real time the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610, the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the moving speed of the deposition head 300 driven by the motion unit 200 according to the cutting characteristic parameters.

[0192] Thus, during the execution of step S340, the molten pool monitoring unit 800 moves along with the deposition head 300 and accurately monitors the cutting characteristic parameters at the cutting position in real time during the movement. When certain parameter values ​​within the cutting characteristic parameters change or exceed a preset range, the control unit 700 immediately, based on these parameters that have changed or exceeded the preset range, specifically regulates the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, the operating power of the infrared laser generator 410, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the movement speed (i.e., the cutting speed) of the deposition head 300 driven by the motion unit 200 until the cutting characteristic parameters stabilize within the preset parameter range. Therefore, during the execution of step S340, the laser energy input and cutting speed can be adjusted in a timely manner through real-time monitoring and feedback control mechanisms, thereby maintaining a stable state of the molten pool at the cutting position, ensuring a stable cutting process, and further improving cutting quality.

[0193] Specifically, the steps of using the control unit 700 to adjust the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610, the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, and the moving speed of the deposition head 300 driven by the motion unit 200 in real time according to the cutting characteristic parameters are as follows: using the control unit 700 to adjust the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator 610, and the moving speed of the deposition head 300 driven by the motion unit 200 in real time according to the cutting characteristic parameters and the following calculation method, so as to stabilize the cutting characteristic parameters within the preset parameter range.

[0194] Calculation methods include:

[0195] Calculate the laser power at the position to be cut according to the following formula :

[0196] ;in, is the intensity of the laser beam at the position to be cut, β is the absorption rate of the deposited material to the laser at the position to be cut, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the preset molten pool;

[0197] When the laser metal cutting process is multi-light fusion, the total absorbed power at the cutting position is calculated according to the following formula :

[0198] ;in, 、 and The power of blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser reaching the preset molten pool, 、 and The absorption rates of the preset molten pool to blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser respectively;

[0199] In the laser metal cutting process, the energy distribution at the position to be cut is a Gaussian distribution. The coordinate system is established with the center position of the position to be cut as the coordinate origin (0,0). The energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is Calculated according to the following formula:

[0200] ; Where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution;

[0201] When the pulsed laser beam acts on the deposited material at the position to be cut, at time t, the energy transfer of the molten pool at the position to be cut is expressed by the following convection-diffusion equation:

[0202] ;in, is the dynamic energy density at the preset point (x, y) inside the molten pool at time t, is the convection velocity of the preset molten pool internal point (x, y) at time t, α is the heat diffusion system, is the instantaneous energy of the laser input;

[0203] If the laser input is multi-laser input, ;

[0204] If the laser input is a pulse laser input, .

[0205] It should be noted that a quasi-Gaussian distribution usually refers to a probability distribution that is similar to the standard Gaussian distribution (normal distribution) in form or characteristics but has some differences. This type of distribution may exhibit core characteristics such as a bell curve and symmetry, but may have some adjustments in skewness, kurtosis, or tail characteristics.

[0206] It should be noted that the center position of the position to be cut refers to the center position of the cutting line.

[0207] The above calculation method is the basis for the control of the control unit 700 and is also the basis of the control mechanism. The control unit 700 converts the various parameter values ​​in the received cutting characteristic parameters in real time through the above calculation method, thereby converting and generating control instructions corresponding to each parameter, and then according to the control instructions, respectively controls the working power of the infrared laser generator 410, the working power of the blue or green laser generator 510, the working power of the pulsed laser generator 610, the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator 610, and the moving speed of the deposition head 300 driven by the motion unit 200 for real-time dynamic control to ensure that the cutting characteristic parameters can be stabilized within the preset parameter range, maintain the stable state of the molten pool in the cutting part, ensure the stable cutting process, and further improve the cutting quality.

[0208] In some embodiments, the pulse optical path adjustment assembly includes a focusing lens assembly, which is used to focus the pulsed laser beam into a small light spot. Specifically, the light spot diameter is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0209] In this way, the setting of the focusing lens group can focus the pulsed laser beam into a small spot to increase the cutting energy density, which is conducive to further improving the cutting efficiency.

[0210] In some embodiments, the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component include an infrared spatial light modulator, a blue or green spatial light modulator, and a pulse light modulator, respectively.

[0211] Before step S340, the process further includes the following steps: using the control unit 700 to control the infrared spatial light modulator, the blue or green spatial light modulator, and the pulse light modulator to modulate the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam into preset patterns, respectively, and focusing the laser energy on the cutting front area within the deposition area 110. The preset pattern may be a circular, square, linear, or other pattern.

[0212] Therefore, the optical paths of the infrared laser beam, blue or green laser beam, and pulsed laser beam are modulated into preset patterns through an infrared spatial light modulator, a blue or green spatial light modulator, and a pulse light modulator, respectively, and the laser energy is focused on the cutting front area on the metal material to be cut to reduce the heat-affected zone.

[0213] Specifically, the multi-beam fusion deposition system 10 further includes a gas protection unit 1000 . The control unit 700 and the gas protection unit 1000 are configured to deliver an inert protective gas into the deposition area 110 .

[0214] While step S340 is being executed, the control unit 700 is used to control the gas shielding unit 1000 to start up, so as to deliver the inert shielding gas into the deposition area 110 .

[0215] In this way, during the additive manufacturing process, an inert protective gas is delivered into the deposition area 110 to reduce the probability of high-temperature oxidation of the metal in the deposition area 110 during the laser cutting process, thereby further improving the cutting quality of the metal cutting.

[0216] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system, multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method, multi-beam fusion metal welding method and multi-beam fusion metal cutting method can be applied to deposition processing such as additive manufacturing, laser welding and laser cutting of ordinary metal materials, and can also be applied to deposition processing such as additive manufacturing, laser welding and laser cutting of high-reflection materials. Of course, compared with traditional high-reflection material deposition processing, the above-mentioned multi-beam fusion deposition system, multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method, multi-beam fusion metal welding method and multi-beam fusion metal cutting method have more prominent advantages when applied to high-reflection materials.

[0217] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0218] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-beam fusion deposition system, characterized in that: It includes a workbench, a motion unit, a deposition head, an infrared laser, a blue or green laser, a pulsed laser, a control unit and a molten pool monitoring unit; The workbench has a deposition area; the deposition head is located above the workbench; the infrared laser includes an infrared laser generator and an infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser includes a blue or green laser generator and a blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse laser includes a pulse laser generator and a pulse optical path adjustment component; the infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component are all installed on the deposition head to form an array-type spatial optical path, and are configured to focus the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator within the deposition area; The control unit is connected to the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator, respectively, and is configured to control the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate according to preset processing parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area by using the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam, and stir the preset molten pool by using the pulse laser beam; The molten pool monitoring unit is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the deposition area in real time; the molten pool characteristic parameters include molten pool temperature and molten pool size; The control unit is communicatively connected to the molten pool monitoring unit and is used to regulate the operating power of the infrared laser generator, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator, and the beam and energy parameters of the pulsed laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters during the deposition process, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range.

2. The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit is configured to respectively adjust the operating power of the infrared laser generator, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters and the following calculation method during the deposition process; The calculation method is: The laser power absorbed by the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: : ;in, is the intensity of the laser beam at the preset molten pool, To preset the absorption rate of the deposited material in the molten pool to the laser, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the preset molten pool; When multi-light fusion is performed during the deposition process, the total absorbed power of the preset molten pool is calculated according to the following formula: : ;in, 、 and The power of blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser reaching the preset molten pool, 、 and The absorption rates of the preset molten pool to blue or green laser, infrared laser and pulse laser respectively; During the deposition process, the energy distribution in the molten pool is preset to be a Gaussian distribution. The coordinate system is established with the center position of the preset molten pool as the coordinate origin (0,0). The energy density at the point (x, y) in the coordinate system is Calculated according to the following formula: ;in, is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution; When the pulsed laser beam stirs the deposited material in the preset molten pool, at time t, the energy transfer caused by stirring convection in the preset molten pool is expressed by the following convection-diffusion equation: ;in, is the dynamic energy density at the preset point (x, y) inside the molten pool at time t, is the convection velocity of the preset molten pool internal point (x, y) at time t, α is the heat diffusion system, is the instantaneous energy of the laser input; If the laser input is multi-laser input, ; If the laser input is a pulse laser input, .

3. The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gas protection unit is also included; the gas protection unit is configured to continuously supply an inert protective gas into the deposition area.

4. The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a feeding unit; the discharge end of the feeding unit is installed on the deposition head; the feeding unit is constructed to be able to transport metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area; the control unit is connected to the feeding unit and is configured to be able to control the operation of the feeding unit and match the feeding speed of the feeding unit and the moving speed of the deposition head driven by the motion unit.

5. A multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied, the multi-beam fusion deposition system further comprising a feeding unit, the discharge end of the feeding unit being mounted on the deposition head and being configured to deliver metal wire or metal powder into the deposition area, the control unit being connected to the feeding unit; the multi-beam fusion additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of: Establish 3D printing models of metal parts; Performing layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional printing model to obtain multi-layer cross-sectional profile data; Setting printing process parameters according to the multi-layer cross-sectional profile data and the design requirements of the metal material part; The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, respectively, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam within the deposition area; The control unit is used to respectively control the movement unit, the feeding unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate according to the printing process parameters, so as to form a preset molten pool in the deposition area using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, and at the same time, the preset molten pool is stirred using the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, so as to obtain a precision manufactured component made of a high-reflective material by stacking printing; While executing the layer-by-layer printing step, the melt pool monitoring unit is used to monitor the melt pool characteristic parameters in the preset melt pool in real time; the melt pool characteristic parameters include melt pool temperature, melt pool size, deposition layer height, and deposition layer width; While executing the layered printing step, the control unit is used to adjust the operating power of the infrared laser generator, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator, the operating power of the pulsed laser generator, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range.

6. The additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps of creating a 3D printing model of a metal part also include: Marking the three-dimensional printing model into a fine part and a regular part according to whether the surface of the metal material part requires fine processing; The control unit is used to respectively control the movement unit, the feeding unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate, so as to obtain a conventional part of the metal part by stacking and printing according to the conventional part; The control unit is used to control the feeding unit to stop feeding, and respectively control the movement unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate, so as to remelt or impact strengthen the fine parts according to the fine parts to obtain the fine parts in the metal material parts.

7. The additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps of stacking printing include: Using the control unit to control the motion unit to drive the deposition head to move according to the processing path in the printing process parameters; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the feeding unit to deliver metal powder or metal wire into the deposition area; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the feeding unit to stop working, and respectively control the blue or green laser generator to operate at a first power and the infrared laser generator to operate at a second power for a first preset time to preheat the metal powder or metal wire in the deposition area; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the pulse laser generator to operate for a second preset time with high energy pulses, extremely narrow pulse width and low repetition rate to perform micro-melting impact on the preheated metal powder or metal wire; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to switch the pulse laser generator to medium energy pulses, moderate pulse width and high repetition rate within a third preset time and operate the pulse laser generator to stir the preset molten pool; While the deposition head moves and stirs the preset molten pool, the control unit controls the infrared laser generator to operate at a third power and the blue or green laser generator to operate at a fourth power, so as to collaboratively provide energy to the preset molten pool; The step of conveying metal powder or metal wire into the deposition area is returned to execution until a precision additive manufacturing component is obtained by printing layer by layer.

8. The additive manufacturing method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 7, characterized in that: After returning to the step of executing the control unit controlling the motion unit to drive the deposition head to move until a precision additive manufacturing component is obtained by printing layer by layer, the method further includes: within a fourth preset time before the end of layer-by-layer printing, switching the pulse laser generator to a high-energy pulse, a narrow pulse width, and a medium repetition rate using the control unit to enhance the microstructure of the top of the precision additively manufactured component in the deposition area; Within a fourth preset time before the end of layer-by-layer printing, the control unit is used to gradually reduce the operating power of the infrared laser generator and the blue or green laser generator, and within a fifth preset time, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator is linearly reduced to the first power, and the operating power of the infrared laser generator is linearly reduced to the second power; the fifth preset time is less than the fourth preset time.

9. A metal welding method with multiple beam fusion, characterized in that: The multi-beam fusion deposition system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied, wherein the light outlet of the pulse light path adjustment component is located between the light outlet of the infrared light path adjustment component and the light outlet of the blue or green light path adjustment component; the multi-beam fusion metal welding method comprises the steps of: Positioning the metal material to be welded on the workbench so that the area to be welded of the metal material to be welded is located in the deposition area; The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, respectively, so as to form an array spatial optical path that enables the pulse laser to be vertically incident on the area to be welded and enables the infrared laser and the blue or green laser beam to be incident on the area to be welded at a preset inclination angle; Setting welding process parameters according to the shape, size and plate thickness of the area to be welded; The control unit is used to control the motion unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate respectively according to the welding process parameters, so as to utilize the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator to melt and form a preset molten pool in the area to be welded, and simultaneously utilize the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator to stir the preset molten pool until a complete weld is formed in the area to be welded; During the process of forming a complete weld in the area to be welded, the molten pool monitoring unit is used to monitor the molten pool characteristic parameters in the preset molten pool in real time; the molten pool characteristic parameters include molten pool temperature and molten pool weld width; During the process of forming a complete weld in the area to be welded, the control unit is used to regulate the operating power of the infrared laser generator, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator, the operating power of the pulsed laser generator, and the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters, so as to stabilize the molten pool characteristic parameters within a preset parameter range.

10. The metal welding method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of using the control unit to regulate the operating power of the infrared laser generator, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator, the operating power of the pulse laser generator, and the beam parameters of the pulse laser generator in real time according to the molten pool characteristic parameters includes: If the molten pool characteristic parameter indicates that the absolute value of the molten pool temperature is greater than a preset temperature deviation value, the control unit is used to adjust the operating power and beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator in real time to stabilize the molten pool temperature within a preset temperature range; If the molten pool characteristic parameter shows that the absolute value of the weld width deviation value is greater than the preset width deviation value, the control unit is used to adjust the power distribution ratio of the infrared laser generator and the blue or green laser generator in real time.

11. The metal welding method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of forming a complete weld in the area to be welded comprises: Using the control unit to control the motion unit to drive the deposition head to move according to the processing path in the welding process parameters; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the pulse laser generator to operate with high energy pulses, narrow pulse width and low repetition rate to perform micro-melting pretreatment on the material surface of the area to be welded; While the deposition head is moving, the control unit is used to control the infrared laser generator to operate at a fifth power and the blue or green laser generator to operate at a sixth power, so as to collaboratively provide energy to the area to be welded after micro-melting pretreatment, so as to form a preset molten pool in the area to be welded; While the deposition head moves and forms the preset molten pool, the control unit is used to control the pulse laser generator to operate with low pulse energy, pulse width and high repetition rate to stir the preset molten pool.

12. The metal welding method of multi-beam fusion according to claim 9, characterized in that: The infrared light path adjustment component, the blue or green light path adjustment component, and the pulse light path adjustment component all include a microlens homogenizer and a dynamic focusing mirror.

13. A metal cutting method using multiple beam fusion, characterized in that: Applied to the multi-beam fusion deposition system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the multi-beam fusion metal cutting method comprises the steps of: Positioning the metal material to be cut on the workbench; Set cutting process parameters according to the cutting requirements of the metal material to be cut; The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green optical path adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component are used to adjust the optical paths of the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator, respectively, so as to form an array-type spatial optical path capable of focusing the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam within the deposition area; Using the control unit to respectively control the movement unit, the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser generator to operate according to the cutting process parameters, so as to perform laser cutting on the metal material to be cut using the infrared laser beam emitted by the infrared laser generator, the blue or green laser beam emitted by the blue or green laser generator, and the pulse laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generator; While performing the laser cutting step, using the molten pool monitoring unit to monitor in real time the cutting characteristic parameters of the cutting position on the metal material to be cut; While executing the laser cutting step, the control unit is used to adjust in real time according to the cutting characteristic parameters the beam parameters of the pulsed laser generator, the operating power of the infrared laser generator, the operating power of the blue or green laser generator, and the movement speed of the deposition head driven by the motion unit.

14. The metal cutting method using multiple beam fusion according to claim 13, characterized in that: The pulse optical path adjustment component includes a focusing lens group; the focusing lens group is used to focus the pulse laser beam into a small light spot.

15. The metal cutting method using multiple beam fusion according to claim 14, characterized in that: The infrared optical path adjustment component, the blue or green laser adjustment component, and the pulse optical path adjustment component respectively include an infrared spatial light modulator, a blue or green spatial light modulator, and a pulse light modulator; Before the laser cutting step, the method further includes the following steps: using the infrared spatial light modulator, the blue or green spatial light modulator, and the pulse light modulator to modulate the infrared laser beam, the blue or green laser beam, and the pulse laser beam into preset patterns respectively, and focusing the laser energy on a local position within the deposition area.

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